ABSTRACT
Chemotherapeutic agents along with other treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have made significant contributions to cancer therapy, however multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor remains an important developmental barrier to efficient chemotherapy. In recent research, there is increasing evidence that nitric oxide (NO) has the potential to overcome MDR. Unlike other chemosensitizers that ameliorate MDR but are potentially toxic, NO is endogenous and biocompatible molecule, which makes it even more promising as a cancer therapeutic. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems not only facilitate the delivery of multiple therapeutic agents, but also promote the avoidance of MDR, which are promising to both efficient delivery of NO and anti-cancer drugs in combination. Therefore, this review will discuss the mechanisms how NO reverse MDR and the recent advances in the application of NO functionalized nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery.
ABSTRACT
Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for cancer patients,while tumor multidrug re-sistance( MDR) represents a major obstacle in the treatments of patients,limiting the efficacy of chemotherapy.To date,the mechanism of drug resistance has not been fully elucidated.lncRNAs are a family of long noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by epigenetic modification,transcription and post transcriptional processing. Recent studies have showed that the aberrant regulation of target genes by lncRNAs may be involved in the acqui-sition of tumor MDR.Therefore,targeting lncRNAs may be an attractive strategy for improving the chemosentivity and reversing chemotherapeutic resistance.This paper reviews the relationship between lncRNAs and tumor drug resistance as well as the underlying possible mechanism.
ABSTRACT
Chemotherapy remains the main treatment for many cancer patients. However, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance poses severe challenges to current chemotherapies. As ideal vectors to overcome drug resistance, nanovehicles are extensively explored for cancer treatment by diverting P-gp mediated drug efflux mechanisms. Surface engineering of nanocarriers has attracted great attention for targeted therapeutic delivery. The folate receptors, one of the most researched targets in cancer therapeutics, are over-expressed in several carcinomas. And folate has become one of the most investigated ligands in cancer therapeutic direction due to its small size, easy conjugation to nanocarriers, nontoxic, nonimmunogenic nature, and well stability in storage or in circulation. This review discussed the current status of folate functionalized nanoparticles in diverting P-gp mediated drug efflux mechanisms.
ABSTRACT
As an important ABC transporter, breast cancer re-sistance protein ( BCRP) plays an important role in tumor multi-drug resistance. Many laboratories are focusing on BCRP to re-verse multidrug resistance. We summarize in the paper the re-search progress on the regulation of BCRP expression, subcellu-lar localization, ATP-dependence, inhibition or modulation of its transport activity and potential clinical treatment strategies in or-der to provide theoretical support and some new research ideas for the reverse of multidrug resistance in clinic.