Oxalate nephropathy and chronic turmeric supplementation: a case report / Nefropatia por oxalato e suplementação crônica de cúrcuma: relato de caso

ABSTRACT We present a case of a 69-year-old man who presented for routine check-up and was incidentally found to have kidney failure with an initially unrevealing history and bland urinary sediment. He was diagnosed with oxalate nephropathy in the setting of chronic turmeric supplementation and chronic antibiotic therapy with associated diarrhea. Our case provides several key insights into oxalate nephropathy. First, the diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion. It is uncommonly suspected clinically unless there is an obvious clue in the history such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or ethylene glycol poisoning. Diagnosis can be confirmed by histopathologic findings and corroborated by serum levels of oxalate and 24-hour urinary excretion. Second, the diagnosis can often be missed by the pathologist because of the characteristics of the crystals unless the renal pathologist has made it a rule to examine routinely all H&E sections under polarized light. This must be done on H&E, as the other stains dissolve the crystals. Third, one oxalate crystal in a routine needle biopsy is considered pathologic and potentially contributing to the AKI or to the CKD in an important way. Fourth, secondary oxalosis can be largely mitigated or prevented in many cases, especially iatrogenic cases. This can come through the surgeon or the gastroenterologist providing proper instructions to patients on an oxalate-restricted diet or other specific dietary measures. Lastly, this case highlights the success that results from cooperation and communication between the pathologist and the treating physician.

RESUMO Relatamos o caso de um homem de 69 anos que se apresentou para exame de rotina e descobriu-se incidentalmente que ele tinha insuficiência renal, com histórico inicialmente não revelador e sedimento urinário brando. Ele foi diagnosticado com nefropatia por oxalato no contexto de suplementação crônica de cúrcuma e antibioticoterapia crônica com diarreia associada. Nosso caso fornece diversas sugestões importantes sobre nefropatia por oxalato. Primeiro, o diagnóstico requer elevado índice de suspeita clínica. A suspeita clínica é incomum, a menos que haja evidência óbvia no histórico, como bypass gástrico em Y de Roux ou envenenamento por etilenoglicol. O diagnóstico pode ser confirmado por achados histopatológicos e corroborado por níveis séricos de oxalato e excreção urinária de 24 horas. Segundo, o diagnóstico pode passar despercebido pelo patologista devido às características dos cristais, a menos que o patologista renal estabeleça como regra examinar rotineiramente todas as seções coradas com H&E sob luz polarizada. Isso deve ser feito com H&E, pois, outras colorações dissolvem os cristais. Em terceiro lugar, um cristal de oxalato em biópsia por agulha de rotina é considerado patológico, contribuindo potencialmente para LRA ou para DRC de maneira significativa. Em quarto lugar, a oxalose secundária pode ser amplamente mitigada ou prevenida em muitos casos, especialmente casos iatrogênicos. Isso pode ser feito pelo cirurgião ou pelo gastroenterologista, fornecendo instruções adequadas aos pacientes sobre uma dieta restrita em oxalato ou outras medidas dietéticas específicas. Por fim, esse caso destaca o sucesso que resulta da cooperação e comunicação entre o patologista e o médico assistente.

Indian food habit & food ingredients may have a role in lowering the severity & high death rate from COVID-19 in Indians: findings from the first nutrigenomic analysis

Background & objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the death rate was reportedly 5-8 fold lower in India which is densely populated as compared to less populated western countries. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary habits were associated with the variations in COVID-19 severity and deaths between western and Indian population at the nutrigenomics level. Methods: In this study nutrigenomics approach was applied. Blood transcriptome of severe COVID-19 patients from three western countries (showing high fatality) and two datasets from Indian patients were used. Gene set enrichment analyses were performed for pathways, metabolites, nutrients, etc., and compared for western and Indian samples to identify the food- and nutrient-related factors, which may be associated with COVID-19 severity. Data on the daily consumption of twelve key food componentsacross four countries were collected and a correlation between nutrigenomics analyses and per capita daily dietary intake was investigated. Results: Distinct dietary habits of Indians were observed, which may be associated with low death rate from COVID-19. Increased consumption of red meat, dairy products and processed foods by western populations may increase the severity and death rate by activating cytokine storm-related pathways, intussusceptive angiogenesis, hypercapnia and enhancing blood glucose levels due to high contents of sphingolipids, palmitic acid and byproducts such as CO2 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Palmitic acid also induces ACE2 expression and increases the infection rate. Coffee and alcohol that are highly consumed in western countries may increase the severity and death rates from COVID-19 by deregulating blood iron, zinc and triglyceride levels. The components of Indian diets maintain high iron and zinc concentrations in blood and rich fibre in their foods may prevent CO2 and LPS-mediated COVID-19 severity. Regular consumption of tea by Indians maintains high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low triglyceride in blood as catechins in tea act as natural atorvastatin. Importantly, regular consumption of turmeric in daily food by Indians maintains strong immunity and curcumin in turmeric may prevent pathways and mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity and lowered the death rate. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results suggest that Indian food components suppress cytokine storm and various other severity related pathways of COVID-19 and may have a role in lowering severity and death rates from COVID-19 in India as compared to western populations. However, large multi-centered case?control studies are required to support our current findings.

Stability of Denture Base Acrylic Resin to Tea, Coffe and Turmeric Solutions: An in Vitro Study

Background: The color stability of commercially available denture base acrylic resins (Lucitone-199, DPI and Travelon-HI) was studied in vitro. Material & Methods: The specimens were exposed to tea, coffee and turmeric solutions at 37 ± 1 °C. Colour measurement of the specimens from each brand of denture base acrylic resin recorded by spectrophotometer. The specimens were washed under distilled water and dried before measuring the colour on 0, 10, 20 and 30 days of immersion and color differences were calculated. Results: Statistically the colour change was significant between and within the groups of different heat cure denture base acrylic resins. Conclusion: Where as Lucitone-199 heat cure showed the highest colour variation in tea and coffee followed by DPI and Travelon-HI.

Enhanced antitumor effect of curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in Dalton’s ascites lymphoma mice

Curcumin is widely known for its antibacterial, antioxidant and anti inflammatory effects and has been reported to possess anticancerous activity as well. However, its medical application is limited because of poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism. In this study, we encapsulated curcumin in solid lipid nanoparticles and studied its anticancerous effect in Dalton’s Ascites Lymphoma (DAL) mice model. The physicochemical characteristics of curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles (CUR-SLN) were assessed and the anticancer efficacy was determined by in vivo studies. The curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles were synthesized by solvent emulsification evaporation method with particle size less than 100 nm. Antitumor effect of nanocurcumin (50 mg/kg) and curcumin (100 mg/kg) was evaluated in Dalton’s Ascites Lymphoma bearing mice. Pathological and immunohistochemical parameters were studied. Mean survival time and percentage increase in lifespan were assessed. Nanocurcumin group showed more significant influence in reducing tumor volume and weight, inducing apoptosis, reducing angiogenesis and invasion restoring antioxidant parameters and increased mean survival time. Curcumin and nanocurcumin inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (Nf-kB), and thereby proved the pathway by which it induced anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive property.

Actividad Antioxidante, Antibacteriana y Citostática de Extractos de Cúrcuma (Curcuma Longa)

Resumen Parte de la Industria Farmacéutica se desarrolla sobre la base de nuevas plantas descubiertas por los pueblos indígenas, la Cúrcuma, lo utilizaban de manera tradicional para el tratamiento de afecciones cutáneas, hepáticas, digestivas, cancerígenas, infecciones parasitarias, virales, bacterianas, entre otras. Objetivos: evaluar la actividad antioxidante, antibacteriana, tóxica, citostática y determinar la composición fitoquímica de extractos de Curcuma longa cultivada en el sector de Cristal Mayu del Chapare. Métodos: se prepararon dos extractos etanólicos 70% y 96%, se cuantificó los polifenoles por el método de Folin-ciocalteu, se evaluó la actividad antioxidante con el reactivo DPPH, se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana con dos bacterias gram negativas (E. coli y K. pneumoniae) y una bacteria gram positiva (S. aureus), se determinó la toxicidad sobre la Artemia salina y la actividad citostática mediante el ensayo de inhibición del crecimiento de la raíz de lechuga. Se cuantificó el total de curcuminoides. Resultados: el extracto al 96% presenta mayor cantidad de fenoles totales y posee actividad antioxidante. Solo el extracto al 96% presenta actividad antibacteriana frente a S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumopniae. Por otro lado, la Cúrcuma presenta toxicidad frente a la Artemia salina, inhibe el crecimiento de la raíz de lechuga y posee un 5% de curcuminoides totales. Conclusiones: la caracterización de los compuestos confirma su composición como polifenoles, lo cual se relaciona a la actividad biológica de éstos, encontrándose que la Cúrcuma posee actividades antioxidantes, antibacterianas, citotóxicas y su importancia en el área de la salud como una alternativa para el tratamiento de muchas enfermedades.

Abstract Part of the pharmaceutical industry is developed on the basis of new plants discovered by indigenous peoples, turmeric, used in a traditional way for the treatment of skin, liver, digestive, carcinogenic, parasitic, viral, bacterial infections, among others. Objective: to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, toxic and cytostatic activity and to determine the phytochemistry of the turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract, grown in the Cristal Mayu area of Chapare. Methods: two ethanolic extracts 70% and 96% were prepared, polyphenols were quantified by Folin-ciocalteu method, antioxidant activity was evaluated with DPPH reagent, antibacterial activity was evaluated with two gram negative bacteria (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) and one gram positive bacteria (S. aureus), toxicity on Artemia salina and cytostatic activity was determined by lettuce root growth inhibition assay. Total curcuminoids were quantified. Results: the 96% extract has a higher amount of total phenols and antioxidant activity. Only the 96% extract showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumopniae. On the other hand, turmeric has toxicity against Artemia salina, inhibits the growth of lettuce root and has 5% of total curcuminoids. Conclusions: characterization of the compounds confirms their composition as polyphenols, which relates to their biological activity, showing that Turmeric has antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity, as well as its importance in the healthcare field as an alternative treatment for various diseases.

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of bleached turmeric hydro-alcoholic extract versus sodium hypochlorite as an endodontic irrigant: in vitro study / Citotoxicidade e atividade antibacteriana do extrato hidroalcoólico de cúrcuma branqueado versus hipoclorito de sódio como irrigante endodôntico: estudo in vitro

Objetivo: Avaliar a citotoxicidade e o efeito antibacteriano do extrato hidroalcoólico de cúrcuma branqueado comparado ao hipoclorito de sódio como irrigante endodôntico. Material e Métodos: A citotoxicidade foi avaliada em fibroblastos de pele humana usando o ensaio MTT. Os irrigantes foram testados em intervalos de tempo de 1, 5 e 15 minutos. Após o tempo de contato, a solução de MTT foi adicionada e as placas de poços foram incubadas. Após o período de incubação, a densidade óptica foi lida e correlacionada com a porcentagem de viabilidade celular. A eficiência antibacteriana foi avaliada usando o teste de contato direto. Cada irrigante endodôntico foi adicionado à suspensão fresca de Enterococcus faecalis e ao meio de infusão cérebro-coração e então incubados por 48 horas. Após o período de incubação, as leituras de densidade óptica foram obtidas e lidas por leitor de ELISA a 620 nm. Resultados: Os resultados do teste de citotoxicidade revelaram que o extrato de cúrcuma branqueado apresentou porcentagem de viabilidade celular significativamente maior do que o hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) em todos os intervalos de tempo (p<0,001). No entanto, no grupo de intervenção, a porcentagem de viabilidade celular diminuiu significativamente ao longo do tempo. Os resultados do teste antibacteriano mostraram inibição bacteriana por ambos os grupos com diferença não significativa entre os dois grupos testados (p<0,05). Conclusão:O extrato hidroalcoólico de cúrcuma branqueado pode representar uma alternativa fitoterápica irrigante endodôntico para evitar os efeitos tóxicos indesejáveis do NaOCl devido à sua menor citotoxicidade e efeito antibacteriano proeminente contra Enterococcus faecalis (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity and antibacterial effect of bleached turmeric hydro-alcoholic extract compared to sodium hypochlorite as an endodontic irrigant. Material and Methods: Cytotoxicity was evaluated on human skin fibroblasts using MTT assay. The irrigants were tested at 1, 5- and 15-minutes time intervals. After contact time, MTT solution was added and well plates were incubated. After the incubation period, optical density was read and correlated with cell viability percent. Antibacterial efficiency was evaluated using direct contact test. Each endodontic irrigant was added to fresh Enterococcus faecalis suspension and brain heart infusion media then incubated for 48 hours. After incubation period, optical density readings were obtained and read by ELISA reader at 620 nm. Results:Results of cytotoxicity test revealed that bleached turmeric extract had significant higher cell viability percent than Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at all time intervals (p<0.001). However, in the intervention group, cell viability percent significantly decreased over time. Results of antibacterial test showed bacterial inhibition by both groups with non-significant difference between the two tested groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bleached turmeric hydro-alcoholic extract can represent an herbal alternative endodontic irrigant to avoid the undesirable toxic effects of NaOCl due to its less cytotoxicity and prominent antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis. (AU)

Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its constituent (curcumin) on the metabolic syndrome: An updated review / 中西医结合学报

Metabolic syndrome (MS) involves people with the following risk factors: obesity, hypertension, high glucose level and hyperlipidemia. It can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of MS in the world's adult population is about 20%-25%. Today, there is much care to use medicinal plants. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) as well as curcumin which is derived from the rhizome of the plant, has been shown beneficial effects on different components of MS. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript was to introduce different in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the effect of turmeric and its constituent on MS. Moreover, different mechanisms of action by which this plant overcomes MS have been introduced. Based on studies, turmeric and its bioactive component, curcumin, due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have antidiabetic effects through increasing insulin release, antihyperlipidemic effects by increasing fatty acid uptake, anti-obesity effects by decreasing lipogenesis, and antihypertensive effects by increasing nitric oxide. According to several in vivo, in vitro and human studies, it can be concluded that turmeric or curcumin has important values as a complementary therapy in MS. However, more clinical trials should be done to confirm these effects.

Analysis on internal mechanism of zedoary turmeric in treatment of liver cancer based on pharmacodynamic substances and pharmacodynamic groups / 中草药·英文版

Zedoary tumeric (Curcumae Rhizoma, Ezhu in Chinese) has a long history of application and has great potential in the treatment of liver cancer. The antiliver cancer effect of zedoary tumeric depends on the combined action of multiple pharmacodynamic substances. In order to clarify the specific mechanism of zedoary tumeric against liver cancer, this paper first analyzes the mechanism of its single pharmacodynamic substance against liver cancer, and then verifies the joint anti liver cancer mechanism of its “pharmacodynamic group”. By searching the research on the antihepatoma effect of active components of zedoary tumeric in recent years, we found that pharmacodynamic substances, including curcumol, zedoarondiol, curcumenol, curzerenone, curdione, curcumin, germacrone, β-elemene, can act on multi-target and multi-channel to play an antihepatoma role. For example, curcumin can regulate miR, GLO1, CD133, VEGF, YAP, LIN28B, GPR81, HCAR-1, P53 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, HSP70/TLR4 and NF-κB. Wnt/TGF/EMT, Nrf2/Keap1, JAK/STAT and other pathways play an antihepatoma role. Network pharmacological analysis showed that the core targets of the “pharmacodynamic group” for anti-life cancer are AKT1, EGFR, MAPK8, etc, and the core pathways are neuroactive live receiver interaction, nitrogen metabolism, HIF-1 signaling pathway, etc. At the same time, by comparing and analyzing the relationship between the specific mechanisms of pharmacodynamic substance and “pharmacodynamic group”, it is found that they have great reference significance in target, pathway, biological function, determination of core pharmacodynamic components, formation of core target protein interaction, in-depth research of single pharmacodynamic substance, increasing curative effect and so on. By analyzing the internal mechanism of zedoary tumeric pharmacodynamic substance and “pharmacodynamic group” in the treatment of liver cancer, this paper intends to provide some ideas and references for the deeper pharmacological research of zedoary tumeric and the relationship between pharmacodynamic substance and “pharmacodynamic group”.

Effects of Variety and Curing and Drying Methods on Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) Powder

Abstract Variety and the method used for curing and drying affect the quality and marketability of processed turmeric (Curcuma domestica) powder. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Variety (Bonga51/71, HT3/2002, and Dame), Curing method (conventional curing (CCM) and improved curing (ICM)), and Drying method (open-air drying (OSD), solar tunnel dryer (STD), and greenhouse solar dryer (GSD)) on the quality attributes (moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, curcumin, oleoresin, essential oil, and color rating) of turmeric powder using a 3x2x3 factorial design. The results revealed that moisture content was reduced substantially to 7.67% and 6.5% for HT3/2002 variety cured with CCM and ICM but dried with STD, respectively; and to 6.67% and 6.42% for Dame variety cured/dried/ with ICM/GSD and CCM/STD, respectively. Dame variety cured with ICM and dried with GSD resulted in the lowest total ash (6.67%); but it gave the lowest acid-insoluble ash when cured with CCM and dried with OSD (0.993%) and GSD (0.997%). The highest curcumin retention (6.99%) and oleoresin yield (13.88%) were obtained from Bonga51/71 variety cured with CCM and dried with STD, and Dame variety cured with ICM and dried with OSD, respectively. On the other hand, the highest (6.52%) essential oil yield was obtained from Bonga51/71 variety cured with CCM and dried with OSD. In summary, OSD provides the lowest total and acid-insoluble ashes (pharmacognostic parameters of turmeric for different medicinal uses) and the highest oleoresin (contains color, pungency, and flavor constituents of turmeric) in CCM and ICM curing methods, respectively.

Regulatory Mechanism of Zedoary Turmeric Oil on VEGFA， STAT3 and mTOR in Ovarian Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects and mechanism of zedoary turmeric oil and its active components on the vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and mechanistic target of rapamycin （mTOR） in the ovarian cancer （OC）. Method:Network pharmacology technology was employed to analyze the mechanism of Curcumae Rhizoma on OC. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the expression of VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in OC and the effect on the prognosis of OC to explore the feasibility of zedoary turmeric oil in regulating VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in OC.The xenograft tumor model of nude mice was established， and the effects of zedoary turmeric oil and its active components on VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in OC were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， Western blot， and immunohistochemistry （IHC）. Result:Bioinformatics analysis and literature research showed that VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR played a special regulatory role in the occurrence and development of OC， and were potential key targets for the proliferation of OC. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that Curcumae Rhizoma could regulate multiple disease targets of OC， and mediate VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in OC through these multiple targets. As demonstrated by HE staining， the tumor cells in the model group were densely arranged， with no erosion on the edge and no vesicles inside. Compared with the model group， the cell density in other treatment groups was reduced， and strip-shaped erosion on the edge and small empty vesicles were observed in the tumor tissue， especially in the zedoary turmeric oil group. According to the results of Real-time PCR and IHC， zedoary turmeric oil and its active components could inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in the OC tissue （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Zedoary turmeric oil and its active components could reduce the expression of VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in tumor tissue of nude mice， and inhibited the proliferation of OC through VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR.

Oleoresins from chili pepper and turmeric could substitute for salinomycin in broilers / Oleoresinas de pimiento y cúrcuma podrian reemplazar la salinomicina en pollos de engorde / Oleoresinas de pimenta chilli e cúrcuma podem substituir a salinomicina em frangos de corte

Abstract Background: Coccidiosis is the infectious disease with the greatest economic impact in poultry production. Additionally, chemotherapeutic growth promoters are being substituted for safer alternative strategies. Objective: To evaluate the effect of feeding oleoresins from chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the performance, survival rate, and the Productive Efficiency Index of broilers from 1 to 21d challenged by Eimeria sp. Methods: A total of 700 male 1-day-old chicks (Cobb 500) challenged with Eimeria sp, were assigned to a completely randomized design with four treatments: (1) negative control diet, without anticoccidial agent or growth promoters; (2) control diet+0.05% salinomycin; (3) negative control diet+100g/ton; and (4) negative control diet +140g/ton of test product (Curcuma longa L. plus Capsicum annuum oleoresins). Results: Body weight, weight gain, feed conversion and Productive Efficiency Index did not differ between broilers fed anticoccidial chemotherapeutics and oleoresins. In addition, there was no difference in feed intake and survival rate between dietary treatments. Conclusion: Broilers supplemented with chili pepper and turmeric oleoresins from 1 to 21d present similar body weight, weight gain, feed conversion, and Productive Efficiency Index compared to broilers supplemented with chemotherapeutic anticoccidials without affecting feed intake or survival rate.

Resumen Antecedentes: El impacto económico generado por la coccidiosis en el sector avícola es el mayor en relación con otras enfermedades. Adicionalmente, los promotores de crecimiento quimioterapéuticos se han venido reemplazando por estrategias alternativas. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de oleorresinas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum) y cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.) sobre el desempeño zootécnico, tasa de supervivencia y el Índice de Eficiencia Productiva en pollos de engorde de 1 a 21 dias desafiados con Eimeria sp. Métodos: Se utilizaron 700 pollos machos (Cobb500) de 1 día de edad, distribuidos en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos: (1) dieta control negativo sin agentes anticoccidianos ni promotores de crecimiento; (2) dieta control+0,05% de salinomicina; (3) dieta control negativa+100g/ton; y (4) dieta control negativa +140g/ton del producto a evaluar (oleorresina de Curcuma longa L. y Capsicum annuum). Resultados: Se obtuvieron resultados similares repecto a peso corporal, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia e Índice de Eficiencia Productiva en los tratamientos que contenían anticoccidiano quimioterapéutico y los que contenian oleorresinas. Además, no se observaron diferencias en el consumo de alimento ni en la tasa de supervivencia entre los tratamientos dietarios. Conclusión: Los pollos de engorde suplementados entre 1 y 21 d con oleorresinas de pimiento y cúrcuma presentan similar peso corporal, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia e Índice de Eficiencia Productiva en comparación con los suplementados con anticoccidianos quimioterapéuticos, sin afectar el consumo de alimento ni la viabilidad.

Resumo Antecedentes: O impacto econômico da coccidiose é o maior quando comparado a outras doenças na produção avícola. Além disso, promotores de crescimento quimioterápicos tem sido substituídos por estratégias alternativas. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito das oleoresinas da pimenta Chilli (Capsicum annuum) e açafrão-da-terra (Curcuma longa L.) no desempenho zootécnico, taxa de sobrevivência e Índice de Eficiência Produtiva de frangos de corte de 1 a 21d desafiados por Eimeria sp Métodos: Foram utilizados 700 pintos de 1d, machos (Cobb500) distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em quatro tratamentos: (1) dieta controle negativo, sem agente anticoccidiano ou promotores de crescimento; (2) dieta controle+0,05% de salinomicina; (3) dieta controle negativa+100g/ton; e (4)+140g/ton de produto teste (oleoresina de Curcuma longa L. mais Capsicum annuum) e desafiados por Eimeria sp. Resultados: Houve resultados similares para peso, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e Índice de Eficiência Produtiva entre frangos alimentados com dietas contendo anticocidiano quimioterápico e dietas contendo oleoresinas. Além disso, não houve diferença para consumo de ração e a taxa de sobrevivência entre os tratamentos dietéticos. Conclusão: Frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com oleorresinas de pimenta chili e açafrão-da-terra apresentaram resultados similares para peso, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e Índice de Eficiência Produtiva que frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com anticoccidianos quimioterápicos de 1 a 21d, sem afetar o consumo de ração e a taxa de sobrevivência dos animais.

Determination of nutritional value of turmeric flour and the antioxidant activity of Curcuma longa rhizome extracts from agroecological and conventional crops of Valle del Cauca-Colombia / Determinación del valor nutricional de la harina de cúrcuma y la actividad antioxidante de extractos del rizoma de Cúrcuma longa de cultivos agroecológicos y convencionales del Valle del Cauca-Colombia / Determinação do valor nutricional da farinha de açafrão e da atividade antioxidante de extratos do rizoma de Curcuma longa de culturas agroecológicas e convencionais do Valle del Cauca-Colombia

Abstract This research presents the results of the proximal analysis of turmeric rhizome flour (Curcuma longa) from different areas of Valle del Cauca (Colombia) and the quantitative estimation of the uptake of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) of the methanolic extracts of the flour. The results of the proximal analysqAis evidence that some parameters do not show evident differences. However, others, such as total fat, show differences between the turmeric crops with conventional and agroecological fertilization. The values obtained from the different samples for proteins and carbohydrates are in an average normal range (9.3% and 70.5%, respectively), which fulfills the requirement to be a nutritional supplement. The free radical uptake (FRS) test of the extracts showed an antioxidant activity of the different samples tested for FRS50 (%) of 2.11 ± 0.06 µg/mL (Yumbillo, Y), 1.34 ± 0.26 µg/mL (Guacas, G), 4.22 ± 0.06 µg/mL (Magdalena, M), 9.16 ± 0.32 µg/mL (Commercial, C), 1.29 ± 0.26 µg/mL (Santa Rosa de Tapias, SR), and 1.33 ± 0.05 µg/mL (Limonar, L), which were contrasted with the values of quercetin (Q) 1.01 ± 0.51 µg/mL, vitamin C (V) 2.07 ± 0.45 µg/mL, and piperine (P ) 0,0 µg/mL. The proximal nutritional value plus the oxidizing activity, due to the concentration of phenolic compounds, make turmeric flour a functional food.

Resumen Esta investigación presenta los resultados del análisis proximal de la harina de rizoma de cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) de diferentes zonas del Valle del Cauca (Colombia), y de la estimación cuantitativa de la captación del radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DDPH) de los extractos metanólicos de la harina. Los resultados del análisis proximal muestran que algunos parámetros no presentan diferencias evidentes. Sin embargo, otros, como la grasa total, sí presentan diferencias entre la cúrcuma de cultivos con fertilización convencional y agroecológica. Los valores obtenidos para proteínas y carbohidratos están en un rango normal promedio (9,3% y 70,5%, respectivamente), los cuales se encuentran dentro de los valores requeridos para ser un suplemento nutricional. El ensayo de captación de radicales libres (FRS) de los extractos mostró una actividad antioxidante de las diferentes muestras analizadas de FRS50 (%) de 2,11 ± 0,06 µg/mL (Yumbillo, Y), 1,34 ± 0,26 µg/mL (Cuacas, C), 4,22 ± 0,06 µg/mL (Magdalena, M), 9,16 ± 0,32 µg/mL (Comercial, C), 1,29 ± 0,26 µg/mL (Santa Rosa de Tapias, SR) y 1,33 ± 0,05 µg/mL (Limonar, L), los cuales fueron contrastados con los valores de quercetina (Q) 1,01 ± 0,51 µg/mL, vitamina C (V) 2,07 ± 0.45 µg/mL y piperina (P) 0,0 µg/mL. El valor nutricional proximal más la actividad oxidante hacen de la harina de cúrcuma un alimento funcional.

Resumo Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados da análise proximal da farinha de rizoma de cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) de diferentes áreas do Vale do Cauca (Colômbia), além da estimativa quantitativa da captação do radical 2,2-difenil-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) dos extratos metanólicos da farinha. Os resultados da análise proximal mostram que alguns parâmetros não mostram diferenças óbvias. No entanto, outros, como gordura total, mostram diferenças entre a cúrcuma das culturas com adubação convencional e agroecológica. Os valores obtidos nas diferentes amostras para proteínas e carboidratos estão em uma faixa média normal (9,3% e 70,5% respectivamente), que estão dentro dos valores necessários para ser um suplemento nutricional. O teste de captação de radicais livres (FRS) dos extratos mostrou uma atividade antioxidante das diferentes amostras testadas para FRS50 (%) de 2,11 ± 0,06 μg/mL (Yumbillo, Y), 1,34 ± 0,26 μg/mL (Guacas, G), 4,22 ± 0,06 μg/mL (Magdalena, M), 9,16 ± 0,32 μg/mL (Comercial, C), 1,29 ± 0,26 μg/mL (Santa Rosa de Tapias, SR) e 1,33 ± 0,05 μg/mL (Limonar, L), que foram contrastados com os valores de quercetina (Q) 1,01 ± 0,51 μg/mL, vitamina C (V) 2,07 ± 0,45 μg/mL e piperina (P ) 0,0 μg/mL. O valor nutricional proximal mais a atividade oxidante, devido à concentração de compostos fenólicos, fazem da farinha de cúrcuma um alimento funcional.

Microscopic Changes of Radiations and Combined Effect of 2G Mobile Phone Radiations with Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) On Germ Cells of Testis in Albino Rats

Background: This study was conducted to observe thehistological Effects of Radiations and Combined Effect of 2gmobile Phone Radiations with Turmeric (curcuma longa) ongerm cells of Testis in Albino Rats.Subject and Methods: The study was conducted on 32 malealbino rats. They were divided into four groups A, B, C, D.Group A was control group. Group B was exposed to radiationsfrom cell phone (2G mobile 900-1900 Mhz). Group C wasgiven curcuma longa orally and group D was exposed to bothradiations and curcuma longa given orally.Results: After given two month of mobile phone radiation theanimals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation method andtestis were used for observation of germ cells. the regularly cellphone radiation exposure on testis decrease the number ofgerm cells.Conclusion: The regularly exposure of radiation leads todecrease the number of germ cells, the harmful effect could bedecrease by cucuma longa.

Effect of Phytogenic Mixture Supplementation on Carcass Characteristics and Cost of Production in Broiler Chickens during Winter Season

In present experiment 288 day-old commercial broiler chicks were subjected to eight dietary treatments consisting of three replicates of twelve chicks in each replicate were reared for a period of 6 weeks in winter season. The dietary treatments includes: T0- Negative control, T1-control, T2-0.5 % Amla + 0.5 % Ashwagandha + 0.25 % Turmeric powder, T3-0.25 % Amla + 0.5% Ashwagandha + 0.25% Turmeric powder, T4-0.125% Amla + 0.5 % Ashwagandha + 0.25 % Turmeric powder, T5- 0.5 % Amla + 0.25 % Ashwagandha + 0.25 % Turmeric powder, T6-0.5 % Amla + 0.125 % Ashwagandha + 0.25 % Turmeric powder and T7-0.5 % Amla + 0.5 % Ashwagandha + 0.125 % Turmeric powder. Standard managemental practices were followed during the experimental period. Supplementation of phytogenic mixture consisting of 0.5 % amla and 0.5 % Ashwagandha with 0.25% or 0.125 % turmeric powder (T2 and T7) gave best results and improved the giblet percentage, eviscerated weight percentage and drawn percentage in winter season. The cost of production of drawn weight (`/kg) of broilers at six weeks of age was reduced as much as ` 10.23 (T2) and ` 9.48 (T7) in winter season. The study concluded that addition of 0.5 % amla and 0.5 % Ashwagandha with 0.25% or 0.125 % turmeric powder can be effectively supplemented as an alternative to antibiotics growth promoter in poultry ration in winter for improving the carcass characteristics and such ration was found more economical in comparison to that having antibiotic growth promoter

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of Curcumin Gel mixed Endoflas (CGE) powder as obturating material in primary molars / Avaliação clínica e radiográfica do pasta de curcumina Endoflas (CGE) como material obturador em molares decíduos

Background: Zinc oxide eugenol(ZOE) has long been the material of choice for obturating primary teeth,but it is resistant to resorption, might result in a deflected successor and has limited antibacterial efficacy. Curcuminpossessesanti-inflammatory and antimicrobialproperties which can be implied by its use as obturating material in primary teeth. Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Curcumin Gel mixed Endoflas powderand Zinc oxide eugenol as obturating materials in primary molars. Material and methods: A total of 30 primary molars indicated for pulpectomy were selected from 4-9-yearold children and divided into two equal groups based on the obturating material used. Group 1- Curcumin Gel mixed Endoflas powder(CGE) and Group 2- Zinc oxide eugenol(ZOE). The efficacy of these obturation materials was evaluatedboth clinically and radiographically. Follow-up was done after 1, 3 and 6months to evaluate clinical and radiographical success rates. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software version 21 using chisquare test. Results: At the end of the 6th month follow-up,there was 93.3% clinical success in Group 1 compared with 86.6% success in Group 2. Whereas, radiographically success reported was 100% with Group 1 and 93.3% with Group 2. The difference in the radiographic success rate between the two Groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the present study results, Curcumin Gel mixed Endoflas powder can be considered as an alternative obturation material for treating deciduous molars with extensive involvement of pulp and periradicular tissues.(AU)

Fundamentação: O óxido de zinco eugenol (OZE) há muito tempo é o material de escolha para a obturação de dentes decíduos, mas é resistente à reabsorção, podendo resultar em um dente permanente desviado e tem eficácia antibacteriana limitada. A curcumina possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antimicrobianas que podem indicar seu emprego como material obturador em dentes decíduos. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a eficácia da pasta de curcumina Endoflas e do óxido de zinco eugenol como materiais obturadores em molares decíduos. Material e métodos: Um total de 30 molares decíduos indicados para pulpectomia foram selecionados entre crianças de 4 a 9 anos e divididos em dois grupos iguais, com base no material obturador utilizado. Grupo 1 - pasta de curcumina Endoflas (CGE) e Grupo 2- óxido de zinco eugenol (ZOE). A eficácia desses materiais de obturação foi avaliada clinicamente e radiograficamente. O acompanhamento foi realizado após 1, 3 e 6 meses para avaliar as taxas de sucesso clínico e radiográfico. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística no software SPSS versão 21, utilizando o teste quiquadrado. Resultados: No final do sexto mês de acompanhamento, houve 93,3% de sucesso clínico no Grupo 1 em comparação com 86,6% de sucesso no Grupo 2. Considerando que, o sucesso radiográfico relatado foi de 100% no Grupo 1 e 93,3% no Grupo 2. A diferença na taxa de sucesso radiográfico entre os dois grupos foi estatisticamente significante (P < 0,05). Conclusão: Com base nos resultados do presente estudo, a pasta de curcumina Endoflas pode ser considerada como um material de obturação alternativo para o tratamento de molares decíduos com amplo envolvimento de polpa e tecidos perirradiculares (AU)

Feasibility analysis of coronavirus disease 2019 co-treated by Zedoary Turmeric Oil Injection / 中草药

Because of no specific drug for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a number of treatment plans for COVID-19 had been released by national medical treatment authorities. The efficacy of zedoary turmeric oil and its preparation for antiviral and pulmonary fibrosis treatment had been confirmed by many basic studies and clinical applications. It was speculated that Zedoary Turmeric Oil Injection could be used in the clinical diagnose and treatment of COVID-19, especially in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis caused by pulmonary interstitial changes, antidiarrheal and fever. In addition, the compatibility of Zedoary Turmeric Oil Injection with other antiviral and antibiotic drugs suggested that it could be used to reduce drug-induced liver injury in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, and improve the therapeutic effect, which provided a theoretical basis for the scientific use of zedoary turmeric oil and its injection in the treatment of COVID-19.

Mechanism of turmeric in treating asthma based on network pharmacology / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To predict and screen the active components and potential targets of turmeric in the treatment of asthma by network pharmacology technology. METHODS: Active components and target sites of turmeric were predicted and screened through BATMAN-TCM, and Cytoscape3.7.0 software was used to construct the component and target network of turmeric for asthma treatment, PPI network was constructed with STRING database, and GO enrichment and KEGG signal pathway of target sites were analyzed with KOBAS database. RESULTS:A total of 29 turmeric active ingredient were obtained, 15 targets involving asthma were screened, mainly related to ADRB2, ADORA1, ADORA2B targets, including 13 targets has interaction relations; with P<0.05 as filter, 1 769 GO biological processes were obtained; its function involved the metabolic process of compounds containing phosphate and phosphorus metabolism and cAMP metabolic process, etc. Fifty-four signaling pathways were screened, among which the first 10 KEGG pathways were cAMP signaling pathway and Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway. CONCLUSION:The mechanism of action of turmeric in treating asthma through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway pathways such as cAMP signaling pathway and Fc epsilon RI is revealed, which provides theoretical support for the development and elucidation of targeted drugs.

The Optimum Working Concentration of Antigen in DLST/LMT (in vitro Diagnostic Testing) of Allergic Liver Damage Induced by Turmeric / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

Turmeric-induced liver damage, which is driven mostly by allergic mechanisms, is the most common disease related to health food intake. A positive drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) is considered evidence in the diagnosis of this condition. However, a false positive result may occur with the DLST as the blood concentration of turmeric in the body is unclear, which casts doubt on the reliability of the test. This reliability problem is mainly due to insufficient control data about antigen activity during the testing process. Given these circumstances, this study examined the optimal antigen concentration of turmeric using the leukocyte migration test (LMT).The results of nine volunteer healthy individuals suggested that a reaction at antigen levels of 0.1 µg/mL or higher could produce false positive reactions through the effects of mitogen activation. Therefore, when DLST, LMT, or any other similar test is performed for turmeric, an antigen response of 10 ng/mL or lower is necessary. The results of these tests for curcumin also suggested that the same level of concentration is suitable.

Effects of a mucoadhesive formulation containing Curcuma longa L. on oral wound healing

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a topical mucoadhesive formulation with Curcuma longa L. extract (MFC) on oral wound healing. Methods: Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Control, Vehicle, and MFC. Traumatic ulcers were made on the dorsum of the tongue with a 3-mm diameter punch. Vehicle and MFC groups received application of the products twice a day, while animals in the control group were cared for in identical conditions but received no product application. Six rats in each group were euthanized at days 3, 5, 10, and 14. Percentage of repair was calculated based on wound area. HE-stained histological sections were obtained for semi-quantitative analysis of re-epithelization and inflammation. Results: Clinical findings revealed that at days 3 and 5, animals from the MFC group exhibited a significantly higher percentage of wound repair. At day 5, animals from this group also demonstrated a significant increase in the degree of re-epithelization and inflammation. Conclusions: MFC is capable of accelerating oral wound repair in an in vivo model by modulating the inflammatory process and stimulating epithelial proliferation. (AU)