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Background: Atrial septal defects lead to left to right shunt, the volume of the shunt is determined by RV/LV compliance, defect size, and LA/RA pressure. RV volume overload and pulmonary over circulation are caused by a simple ASD because the RV is more compliant than the LV. The aim of our study was to assess changes in RV systolic function before and after ASD closure either by surgery or transcatheter closure. Methods: This study was conducted on 70 patients diagnosed with ASD Secundum and had subdivided into two groups A (surgical closure) group, and B (percutaneous device closure) group. All patients had been assessed by transthoracic Echocardiography examination for RV systolic Function 24 h before ASD closure, and 6 months after closure. Results: There was a significant decrease in the right ventricle systolic function indices (TAPSE, FAC, Tissue Doppler S wave velocity, and global longitudinal free wall strain) after ASD closure either by surgery or by transcatheter device closure Conclusions: The right ventricle's size and function are affected by a large shunt caused by an ASD secudium. ASD and its consequent volume overload resulted in higher RV myocardial contraction, leading to an increase in strain values and RV systolic function indices, which were reduced and returned to normal values when the left-to-right shunt was eliminated, and the defect was closed.
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Resumen Las neoplasias cardíacas son entidades poco frecuentes en la práctica clínica cardiológica y dentro de éstas, la afectación metastásica es 20 a 40 veces más frecuente que la forma primaria, corres pondiendo al 95% de todos los tumores cardíacos; no obstante, debido a las características clínicas y oncológicas del tumor primario, los tumores cardíacos metastásicos son habitualmente subdiagnosticados. En este trabajo se presentan dos casos de pacientes con carcinoma anaplásico de tiroides, una mujer de 69 años con metástasis en ventrículo derecho y un varón de 61 años con metástasis en aurícula derecha. Ambos pacientes fallecieron durante la internación y a uno de ellos se le realizó autopsia.
Abstract Cardiac neoplasms are rare entities in the clinical practice. Cardiac metastatic involvement is 20 to 40 times more frequent than the primary form, representing 95% of all cardiac tumors; however, they are frequently underdiagnosed because of their clinical and oncologic features. In this report, we present two cases of cardiac metastasis from primary anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a 69-years-old woman with right ventricular metastasis and a 61-years-old man with right atrial metastasis. Both patients died during their hospitalization and one of them underwent an autopsy.
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Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Skin Neoplasms , Thyroid Neoplasms , Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic , Heart Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , MelanomaABSTRACT
Objective • To evaluate the characteristics of different congenital heart diseases (CHD) with mitral regurgitation (MR) by two-dimensional echocardiography. Methods • A total of 217 patients with simple CHD and MR and 85 normal children (control group) were enrolled for analysis. All the patients with MR were divided into 3 groups, i.e. ventricular septal defect (VSD) with MR, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with MR and coarctation (CoA) with MR. The size of defects, the peak pressure gradient of CoA and the malformation of mitral valve were described respectively in MR groups by echocardiography. In addition, the bore of left atrioventricular cavity, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the diameter of mitral valve annulus were compared with control group. Results • Compared with control group, left atrium diameter, left ventricular diameter, mitral annular diameter (MAD), and MAD/tricuspid annulus diameter (MAD/TAD) increased in 3 MR groups, while only LVEF decreased significantly in CoA with MR group. The characteristics of CHD with MR were displayed as below. VSD was with less tissue formation and large defect diameter, the diameters of PDA were over 0.3 cm mostly and the peak pressure gradients of CoA were all above 48 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Furthermore, there were different mitral valve morphology in the 3 MR groups. Conclusion • The mechanism of MR based on CHD may be related to increased atrioventricular cavity, MAD, MAD/ TAD and abnormal morphology of mitral valve. These abnormal manifestations observed by two-dimensional echocardiography are useful for surgery in the patients with MR.
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Objective·To evaluate the characteristics of different congenital heart diseases (CHD) with mitral regurgitation (MR) by two-dimensional echocardiography. Methods?·?A total of 217 patients with simple CHD and MR and 85 normal children (control group) were enrolled for analysis. All the patients with MR were divided into 3 groups, i.e. ventricular septal defect (VSD) with MR, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with MR and coarctation (CoA) with MR. The size of defects, the peak pressure gradient of CoA and the malformation of mitral valve were described respectively in MR groups by echocardiography. In addition, the bore of left atrioventricular cavity, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the diameter of mitral valve annulus were compared with control group. Results?·?Compared with control group, left atrium diameter, left ventricular diameter, mitral annular diameter (MAD), and MAD/tricuspid annulus diameter (MAD/TAD) increased in 3 MR groups, while only LVEF decreased significantly in CoA with MR group. The characteristics of CHD with MR were displayed as below. VSD was with less tissue formation and large defect diameter, the diameters of PDA were over 0.3 cm mostly and the peak pressure gradients of CoA were all above 48?mmHg (1?mmHg=0.133?kPa). Furthermore, there were different mitral valve morphology in the 3 MR groups. Conclusion?·?The mechanism of MR based on CHD may be related to increased atrioventricular cavity, MAD, MAD/TAD and abnormal morphology of mitral valve. These abnormal manifestations observed by two-dimensional echocardiography are useful for surgery in the patients with MR.
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Resumen Objetivos: evaluar la utilidad del strain sistólico pico longitudinal bidimensional para detectar enfermedad coronaria significativa en pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo del miocardio sin elevación del ST y su capacidad para identificar la arteria responsable del evento agudo. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal realizado entre marzo y noviembre de 2015 en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de infarto agudo del miocardio sin elevación del ST, a quienes se les evaluó el strain sistólico pico longitudinal bidimensional del ventrículo izquierdo, previo a la angiografía coronaria. Resultados: se evaluó el strain longitudinal en 28 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Por análisis de curvas ROC, se identificó un punto de corte para el strain global ≥ -18,8% con sensibilidad del 85% y especificidad del 75% para reconocer presencia de enfermedad coronaria angiográficamente significativa. Un punto de corte ≥ -17,8% de strain global, identificó lesiones significativas con especificidad del 100%. Para el análisis segmentario se estableció un punto de corte de ≥ 3 segmentos con strain ≥ -14%, encontrando una sensibilidad de 90% y una especificidad 87,5% para diagnóstico de enfermedad coronaria significativa. Conclusiones: la técnica ecocardiográfica evaluada, aplicada a pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de infarto del miocardio sin elevación del ST, mostró su utilidad para identificar enfermedad coronaria significativa, pero no permitió hallar el vaso culpable del evento agudo.
Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of two-dimensional longitudinal peak systolic strain to detect significant coronary disease in patients with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction without ST elevation, and its ability to identify the artery responsible for the coronary event. Methods: A descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted between March and November 2015 on patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction without ST elevation, and on whom the two-dimensional longitudinal peak systolic strain of the left ventricle was evaluated prior to coronary angiography. Results: The longitudinal strain was evaluated in 28 patients who fulfilled selection criteria. For the ROC curve analysis, a cut-off point of ≥ -18.8% for the overall strain was identified, with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 75% to recognise the presence of angiographically significant coronary disease. A cut-off point of ≥ -17.8% of overall strain identified significant lesions, with a specificity of 100%. For the segmental analysis, a cut-off point of ≥ 3 segments with a strain ≥ -14% was established, finding a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 87.5% for the diagnosis of significant coronary disease. Conclusions: The evaluated echocardiographic technique, when applied to patients with a clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction without ST elevation, was shown to be useful in identifying significant coronary disease, but was unable to find the vessel responsible for the acute event.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiac Imaging Techniques , Acute Coronary Syndrome , Coronary Vessels , Echocardiography , Myocardial ContractionABSTRACT
The Lead-Induced Tricuspid Regurgitation(LITR)is defined as new-onset or progressive tricuspid regurgitation ( TR) due to endocardial leads .As a complication of pacemaker , LITR has not been fully recognized neither clinically or echocardio-graphically for a long time .Conventional two-dimensional echocardiography has some inherent limitations in identifying tricuspid valve morphology and diagnosing the LITR .Recently, three-dimensional echocardiography has been developed for assessing anatomical rela -tionship between the lead and the tricuspid leaflets , which is a promising modality to explore the mechanism of LITR .A better under-standing of LITR could help optimize the preventative and treatment strategies .
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Echocardiography provides a useful tool in the diagnosis of many congenital heart diseases, including atrial septal defects, and aids in further delineating treatment options. Although two-dimensional echocardiography has been the standard of care in this regard, technological advancements have made three-dimensional echocardiography possible, and the images obtained in this new imaging modality are able to accurately portray the morphology, location, dimensions, and dynamic changes of defects and many other heart structures during the cardiac cycle.
Subject(s)
Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Diseases/congenital , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnosis , HumansABSTRACT
Anemia is one of the major health challenges to global development in this century and this Non-Communicable Disease is rapidly rising in both developed and developing countries. Chronic anemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and affect outcome in patients with heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy and uncontrolled hypertension. Chronic anemia’s have significant morbidity and mortality in untreated patients. This study was performed to analyze the prevalence of anemia among cardiac patients and to determine the relationship between anemia and socio demographic characteristics. Methods: We enrolled 300 adults’ cardiac patients (≥19 years) during study period. The analysis includes socio demographic data, traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, laboratory test (hemoglobin and creatinine clearance measurement), and non-invasive cardiac investigations. Results: Our analysis suggests prevalence of anemia is very high in CVSD patients & more common among females, older age, diabetics, impaired clearance creatinine, hypertensive and low education level. The highest proportion belonged to valvular heart disease (77.8%), congestive heart failure (74.6%) followed by hypertension (54%), and the lowest is coronary artery disease (46%). Logistic regression reveals that low education, low clearance creatinine level, smoking and diabetes are independently associated with anemia. Conclusion: We conclude that anemia is common among cardiovascular disease patients, and worsens the prognosis of their clinical condition. Intervention policies to minimize anemia risk factors are needed.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of left left atrial function for the healthy by using real-time three plane ultrasonic imaging in.Methods: The three plane real-time ultrasound imaging was used for evaluation healthy people of left atrial function in 32 adults (including storage volume of left atrium, left atrial pipeline volume, left ventricular ejection fraction). At the same time, the two-dimensional echocardiography was also used to detect the parameters which were to compare two methods of correlation and consistency.Results:Two methods of ultrasonic examination in LARV, LACV and LVEF indicators have no obvious difference; LARV, LACV and LAEF in three plane image and two-dimensional ultrasound images show good correlation, the correlation coefficient rLARV=0.82, rLACV=0.85, rLVEF=0.88,P<0.05).Conclusion:Real-time three plane ultrasound imaging and two-dimensional echocardiography in the assessment of left atrial function of normal people have a good correlation.
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Objective To assess the left ventricular systolic function (LVSF) in patients with implanted dual-chamber(DDD) mode cardiac pacemakers using Two-dimensional Echocardiography (2DE),Real-time Tri-plane Echocardiography (RT-3PE)and Full-volume Three Dimensional Echocardiography (FV-3DE).Methods A total of 30 patients with DDD mode cardiac pacemaker were ex-amined by 2DE, RT-3PE and FV-3DE separately.Left ventricle end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricle end systolic volume (LVESV), and ejection fraction (EF) were measured and compared within the three methods above .Results The measurement of EF with patients of post-operation was higher than the patients of pre-operation.The measurements of EF with 2DE were higher than RT-3PE.The measurements of LVEDV , LVESV and SV with 2DE and RT-3PE were lower than FV-3DE, and EF was higher .There were statistically significant differences in above measurements ( P 0.05).Conclusions Implanting DDD mode cardiac pace-maker can evaluate LVSF of patients obviously .FV-3DE can evaluate LVSF in patients with DDD mode cardiac pacemaker accurately . The LVEDV, LVESV and SV are underestimated by 2DE and RT-3PE, and EF is overestimated by 2DE and RT-3PE.
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Objective To explore the application value of two-dimensional echocardiography with spatio-temporal im-age correlation (STIC) in fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) prenatal ultrasonography. Methods 11 036 hearts of fetus were inspected by severalviews order scanning method and for STIC volume database acquisition and off-line a-nalysis congenital heart disease fetus for autopsy after induced labor or contrast the follow-up results after birth. Re-sults 97 cases with spatio-temp-oral image correlation in 176 cases congenital heart and great vessels exception (dysrhythmias not including) with simple two-dimensional echocardiography,92 cases were accordant (one case with incorporative intracardiac malformation missed diagnosis);in screened congenital heart disease fetus,STIC (n=79) and routine ultrasonography (n=87) took (7.76±2.42) min and (9.68±2.13) min per case,respectively;in dif-ferent gestational weeks,the quality of the images derived from volume datasets were comparable to that directly ob-tained from 2D echocardiography. Conclusion STIC technology can be used as effective supplementary means of 2D echocardiography, and the combination can further improve the prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease.
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The present study evaluated the application of three dimensional echocardigraphy (3DE) in the diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD) and the measurement of its size by 3DE and compared the size with surgical findings.Two-dimensional and real-time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was performed in 26 patients with atrial septal defect,and the echocardiographic data were compared with the surgical findings.Significant correlation was found between defect diameter by RT3DE and that measured during surgery (r=0.77,P<0.001).The defect area changed significantly during cardiac cycle.Percentage change in defect size during cardiac cycle ranged from 6%-70%.Our study showed that the size and morphology of atrial septal defect obtained with RT3DE correlate well with surgical findings.Therefore,RT3DE is a feasible and accurate non-invasive imaging tool for assessment of atrial septal size and dynamic changes.
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Echocardiography is a useful, safe and noninvasive method and is the cornerstone in diagnosis and management of children with heart disease1). Although, today more technologically advanced echocardiographic methods are used in this area, transthoracic echocardiography still has been an ideal tool for cardiac assessment, as it is noninvansive, portable, and efficacious in providing detailed anatomic, hemodynamic, and physiologic information about the pediatric heart2). And the two-dimensional echocardiography with Doppler echocardiography is the essential part of the transthoracic echocardiography. Various images should be displayed in pediatric congenital heart disease, because there is a wide spectrum of anomalies. So, standard echocardiographic images and several echocardiographic findings of heart disease in children based on two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in transthoracic echocardiography will be briefly presented in this paper.
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Child , Humans , Diagnosis , Echocardiography , Echocardiography, Doppler , Heart Defects, Congenital , Heart Diseases , Heart , HemodynamicsABSTRACT
Thrombi in the right atrium (RA) are infrequent, and are rarely diagnosed before death. In addition, right heart thrombi are frequently associated with major pulmonary thromboembolism, and carry a very high risk of mortality, and therefore, require accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment. RA thrombi are generally associated with dilatation of the atrium, a low cardiac output state, intracardiac catheters, such as endocardial pacemakers and central venous hyperalimentation catheters, recent cardiac surgery, involving the atrium, and peripheral deep vein thrombosis. In addition, some systemic diseases, such as malignant tumors, amyloidosis and nephrotic syndrome, have been shown to contribute to the formation of an intracardiac thrombus. Echocardiography is valuable in the diagnosis of RA thrombi. There are some options in the treatment of RA thrombi, such as anticoagulant therapy using heparin, thrombolytic therapy and surgical removal. However, there is still adverse criticism as to the selection of the correct treatment method. A patient with RA thrombi, who presented with sudden cardiogenic shock, was diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography. He had been in a prolonged bed-ridden state because of quadriparesis caused by an injury to the cervical spine. The RA thrombi were successfully treated with anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amyloidosis , Cardiac Catheters , Cardiac Output, Low , Catheters , Diagnosis , Dilatation , Echocardiography , Fibrinolytic Agents , Heart , Heart Atria , Heparin , Mortality , Nephrotic Syndrome , Pulmonary Embolism , Quadriplegia , Shock, Cardiogenic , Spine , Thoracic Surgery , Thrombolytic Therapy , Thrombosis , Venous ThrombosisABSTRACT
Berry syndrome is a rare association of congenital heart anomalies which consists of a distal aortopulmonary window with aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery and hypoplasia or interruption of the aortic arch. This defect can be corrected only by immediate surgical intervention, so accurate preoperative diagnosis and detailed anatomic depiction of this syndrome are important in prognosis. We experienced a case of Berry syndrome in an 8-day-old male, who had presented with multiple malformation such as syndactyly, high arched palate and brain hemorrhage. The diagnosis was made by two-dimensional echocardiography. The case is presented with a brief review of related literatures.
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Humans , Male , Aorta, Thoracic , Diagnosis , Echocardiography , Fruit , Heart , Intracranial Hemorrhages , Palate , Prognosis , Pulmonary Artery , SyndactylyABSTRACT
We utilized the mass-acceleration concept according to Newton'a second law of motion to establish a mathematieal model of left ventricular active diastolic force by twodimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Twenty normal control subjects and 31 patients with coronary heart diseases were tested. The results showed that the left ventricular active diastolic force of the patients with coronary heart diseases was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.001).The authors believe that left veatricular active diastolic force is a reliable candidates for assessing the left ventricular diastolic function.
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Two-dimensional echocardiography is a simple, noninvasive method of evaluating cardiac strucures and pericardiac structures. The diagnosis of pericarial cyst is strongly suggested by the prominent roentgenographic appearance of a round, sharply demarcated mass along the right cardiac silhouette in an asymptomatic patient. Two-dimensional echocardiography is also useful method for diagnosing pericardial cyst, but differential diagnosis is difficult when other mass revealed echo-lucent cystic nature is located adjacent to the right atrial wall. We report the similar two-dimensional echcardiography findings located adjacent to the right atrial wall which are diagnosed different disease entity each oter. We suggest that two-dimensional echocardiography helps diagnosis of mass adjacent to the right atrial wall and may need more extensive investigation for accurate differential diagnosis.
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Humans , Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Echocardiography , Heart Atria , Mediastinal Cyst , MethodsABSTRACT
Progeria, also known as Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome, is an extremely rare condition originally described by Hutchinson in 1886. Death results from cardiac complications in the majority of cases and usually occurs at an average age of fourteen years. We recently experienced a patient with progeria who died suddenly after symptomatic improvement with conservative treatment. A Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiographic study revealed an enlarged and hypertrophied left ventricle with reduced global systolic function and senile aortic calcific stenosis (peak systolic pressure gradient: 50 mmHg) with a moderate degree of aortic regurgitation. Doppler findings of restrictive hemodynamic suggest severe left ventricular dysfunction due to multiple influences from the aging process, coronary artery and valvular heart disease
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Adult , Humans , Male , Cardiovascular System/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Angiography , Echocardiography , Echocardiography, Doppler , Cardiac Catheterization , Progeria/diagnosisABSTRACT
Since coronary arteriovenous fistula(CAVF) was first reported by Krause in 1865, more than 400 cases have been reported. It is relatively rare disease and originates more commonly in the right than in the left coronary artery. We report a case of CAVF between right coronary artery and right ventricular inflow tract with significant left to right shunt in a 34-year old female who was admitted for the cardiomegaly on routine chest X-Ray. It was detected by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, and confirmed by cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography. The opening of the fistula draining into the right ventricle was obliterated with sutures. There was no significant shunt in postoperative cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Arteriovenous Fistula , Cardiac Catheterization , Cardiac Catheters , Cardiomegaly , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Vessels , Echocardiography , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Fistula , Heart Ventricles , Rare Diseases , Sutures , ThoraxABSTRACT
No abstract available.