Analysis of outpatient utilization of pneumoconiosis patients in Jiangsu province / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To understand the situation and characteristics of out-patient utilization of urban and rural pneumoconiosis patients in Jiangsu province, and to provide a reference for the formulation of relevant policies.@*Methods@#Using a questionnaire on patients with pneumoconiosis and their influencing factors, 120 patients with pneumoconiosis were randomly selected in Nanjing, Wuxi, Suzhou, Yancheng Vocational Defense Institute or CDC. The rate of outpatients with pneumoconiosis in urban and rural areas and the choice of out-patient hospitals were analyzed.@*Results@#Of the 75 patients with severe pneumoconi-related symptoms such as chest tightness and dyspnea in the first two weeks of the survey, 36 (48.0%) lived in cities and 39 (52.0%) lived in rural areas. Patients with pneumoconiosis who live in urban and rural areas have different aggravating conditions within two weeks. Two weeks of aggravated symptoms in outpatient consultations accounted for36 (48.0%) . Of the 36 patients who used outpatient treatment, rural residents mainly chose 8 people from a hospital and a township health hospital, accounting for 34.8%, while 10 people from urban residents chose a nursing home or nursing home, accounting for 40.0%. The main reason why urban and rural pneumoconiosis patients did not go to the doctor is "conscious symptoms are lighter" and "feel that the doctor is useless."@*Conclusion@#The rate of outpatients with pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu province within two weeks is lower than that of ordinary elderly residents. There may be differences in treatment behavior patterns of urban and rural pneumoconiosis patients.Economic factors have a certain influence on the outpatient treatment behavior of pneumoconiosis patients. The recognition of outpatient service is the main factor affecting the outpatient treatment of pneumoconiosis patients. It is very important to popularize the knowledge of pneumoconiosis and do a good job in propaganda of occupational diseases and health education for pneumoconiosis patients. Focusing on the outpatient treatment of pneumoconiosis patients and making targeted medical policies is very important to standardize and improve the rehabilitation of pneumoconiosis patients.

The Incidence Rates and Risk Factor of Mild Injury for Two Weeks: Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to provide the basic data for establishing countermeasures for preventing injury by analyzing the incidence rates, the risk factors, the characteristics of the injury and the utilization of medical care for mild injury that lasted for two weeks. METHODS: We examined the injury survey data among the National Health and Nutrition Survey data. The definition of mild injury that lasted for two weeks was that the injury that caused pain at least once a day for two weeks or the injury for which the usual daily activity of the injured person was severely affected. We used statistical analysis methods such as chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The incidence rate of injury that lasted for two weeks was 4.7 per 1,000 persons. On the multiple logistic regression, the children and adolescents (OR=3.80, 95%CI=1.63-8.84) had higher rates of injuries than the adults, and the middle and high school (OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.31-0.85) and college(OR=0.34, 95%CI=0.17-0.68) students had lower rates of injuries than the elementary school students. The unemployed (OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.20-0.73) and others (OR=0.38, 95%CI=0.21-0.70) had lower rates of injuries than the blue collar workers. The major causes of injuries were found to be falling and slipping, and the most prevalent place of occurrence was near or at home. CONCLUSIONS: A prevention program needs to be developed and continuous education must be offered to the children, adolescents and blue collar workers.

Multilevel model of risk factors on two week prevalence of Chongqing city residents over 15 / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To explore risk factors on two weeks prevalence of chongqing city residents over 15,then to provide evidence for government decision-making and methodologic reference for similar research.Methods:Basing on western expending data of the fourth national health service survey in chongqing,risk factors of city residents’two weeks prevalence were sreened by desciptive analysis and bi-level logistic regression model.Results:Hierarchical structure was found in two weeks prevalence of chongqing city residents,and difference exist among different street.Age,marriage,education,medical insurance and ecomonic condition were risk factors of the study subjects.Conclusion:Street enviorment’s effect to resident’s two weeks prevalence should not be ignored.Analysizing resident’s health service survey data by cluster sampling with multilevel model,more information can be gained.

Enhancing Effect of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe Extracts on Mouse Spleen and Macrophage Cells Activation

Recently many investigators have initiated searches for immunomodulating substances from natural food sources. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been used as a raw material in many traditional preparations since the ancient time. This study was performed to investigate the immunomodulative effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe in mice, using ex vivo experiments. In order to elucidate the immunomodulative effects of Ginger, water extracts of the plant were orally administrated into mice, and isolated splenocytes and macrophages were used as experimental model. In order to identify its ex vivo effect six to seven week old Balb/c mice were fed ad libitum on a chow diet, and water extracts of ginger were orally administrated every other day for two weeks at two different concentrations (50 and 500 mg/kg b.w.). After preparing the single cell suspension, the proliferation of splenocytes was determined by MTT assay. The result of ex vivo study showed that the highest proliferation of splenocytes and macrophage activatation was seen in the mice orally administrated at the concentration of 500 mg/kg b. w. of ginger water extracts. In conclusion, this study suggests that ginger extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocyte proliferation and cytokine prodution capacity by activated macrophages in mice.

The Effect of Mitomycin C(MMC) on Sinus Mucosal Openings in Rabbits

PURPOSE: This experimental study investigates the effect of mitomycin C(MMC) on the healing of sinus mucosal opening. METHODS: One hundred and twenty rabbits were used and divided into 8 groups of fifteen rabbits. A small(1.35 mm) or large(2.7 mm) diameter mucosal opening was created by drilling in the medial wall of the left maxillary sinus of rabbits and treated with MMC at a concentration of 0.2 or 2.0 mg/ml for 5 or 30 minutes. Five rabbits from each group were sacrificed at 1,2 & 4 weeks. The size of a remained mucosal opening was measured and light and electron microscopic examination were performed. RESULTS: After comparing the sizes of remained mucosal openings among the small opening groups(group 1,3 & 5), group 5 maintained larger opening at 2 weeks than the control group(P<0.05). Light microscopy of the specimens showed inflammatory and degenerative changes. The bone of the maxillary sinus exhibited minimal change induced by MMC. Scanning electron micrographs showed heterochromatin in nuclei and mitochondrial swelling of the epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: The MMC was effective in maintaining a larger mucosal opening than control group at least for 2 weeks following surgery.

The Value of Computerized Tompgraphy in Diagnosis and Early Surgery of the Orbital Blow Out Fractuers

We compared the diagnostic accuracy of the simple x-ray with that of the computed tomography, and analyzed the surgical results according to the timing of operation in 52 patients with suspected orbital blowout fractures who complained diplopia after midfacial trauma. Of all the cases, 40 orbital fractures were confirmed with CT and forced duction test and the remaining 12 patients were thought to have transient functional impairment because the clinical signs were resolved with time. CT detected all the 40 actual fractures, so the dignostic accuracy(100%) was higher than that of the simple x-ray(75%) which detected 30 fractures of the 40 actual fractures(p=0.001). We operated 19 patients who have persistent diplopia, enophthalmos of more than 2 mm, and large fracture defect, and there was significant improvement of symptoms and signs in patients on whom operations were performed within 2 weeks after trauma rather than after 2 weeks.