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@#AIM: To compare the ocular surface changes of one-site versus two-site phacotrabeculectomy in angle-closure glaucoma associated with cataract.<p>METHODS: This retrospective, randomized study included 52 patients(52 eyes)with coexisting angle-closure glaucoma and cataract. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: one group had the phacotrabeculectomy in the superior quadrant through the same incision(one-site group; <i>n</i>=26), while the other group had the trabeculectomy through a superior quadrant incision, and the phacoemulsification through another separate, temporal, clear corneal incision(two-site group; <i>n</i>=26). In each group, the values such as tear break-up time(BUT), Schirmer I test(SⅠt), and corneal fluoresce(FL)in staining score were measured at 1d, 1wk, 1mo and 3mo postoperatively.<p>RESULTS: All patients were operated under local anesthesia and followed up for 3mo. The SⅠt of two-site group and one-site group 1wk and 1mo postoperatively were significantly shorter than those before the operation(<i>P</i><0.01). The SⅠt of two-site group were significantly shorter than those of one-site group 1wk and 1mo postoperatively(<i>P</i><0.05). The FL scores of two-site group were significantly higher than those of one-site group 1wk postoperatively(<i>P</i><0.05). However, 1mo postoperatively, the FL scores of two groups were basically equal(<i>P</i>>0.05). Three months postoperatively,the BUT, SⅠt and FL were basically equal to the preoperative level(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Phacotrabeculectomy through two incisions is more likely to affect the ocular surface, and those abnormal related values appear in the early 1mo postoperatively.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of two-site blood cultures on detection rate in pediatric patients.Methods The data were retrospectively analyzed of 1 985 hospitalized children with blood cultures from January 2013 to February 2015 in Department of Infectious Diseases,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,including blood culture collection,the administration of antibiotics prior to obtaining blood cultures and positive condition of blood culture.It was divided into 3 stages according to blood culture collection.Blood culture of a single bottle referred to the blood culture in an aerobic bottle.Double bottles transition stage referred to two blood samples taken from the same skin puncture point and the aerobic bottle culture was carried out at the same time.Two-site blood cultures referred to two blood samples taken from the different skin puncture point and the aerobic bottle culture was carried out at the same time.The interval time between the two blood cultures should be less than 5 minutes.The positive rates of three stages were analyzed by Pearson x2 test.The change tendency of positive rates in three stages were analyzed by Cochran-Armitage test.Bilateral P ＜ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference in all test analysis.Results More than 80％ of the children in the three stages were given antibiotics.There was no significant difference in the true positive rate (x2 =1.343,P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the change tendency of positive rates (P ＞ 0.05).False-positive strains were common for coagulase-negative staphylococci.In terms of false positive rate,blood culture of single bottle was higher than two-site blood culture (x2 =6.051,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For children (non-neonates),two-site blood cultures can reduce the false positive rate of blood culture and play a role in distinguishing between true positives and false positives in blood culture.
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PURPOSE: For a single time-point hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) of animal models, scan-time window after injecting substrates is critical in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of downstream metabolites. Prescans of time-resolved magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be performed to determine the scan-time window. In this study, based on two-site exchange model, protocol-specific simulation approaches were developed for 13C MRSI and the optimal scan-time window was determined to maximize the SNR of downstream metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The arterial input function and conversion rate constant from injected substrates (pyruvate) to downstream metabolite (lactate) were precalibrated, based on pre-scans of time-resolved MRS. MRSI was simulated using twosite exchange model with considerations of scan parameters of MRSI. Optimal scantime window for mapping lactate was chosen from simulated lactate intensity maps. The performance was validated by multiple in vivo experiments of BALB/C nude mice with MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells. As a comparison, MRSI were performed with other scan-time windows simply chosen from the lactate signal intensities of prescan time-resolved MRS. RESULTS: The optimal scan timing for our animal models was determined by simulation, and was found to be 15 s after injection of the pyruvate. Compared to the simple approach, we observed that the lactate peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) was increased by 230%. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal scan timing to measure downstream metabolites using hyperpolarized 13C MRSI can be determined by the proposed protocol-specific simulation approaches.
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Animals , Mice , Breast Neoplasms , Lactic Acid , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mice, Nude , Models, Animal , Pyruvic Acid , Signal-To-Noise RatioABSTRACT
AIM:To compare one-site vs two-site phacotrabe-culectomy in chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) coexisting with cataract.METHODS:This prospective, randomized study included 41 eyes with CACG. One-site approach was performed in 21 eyes and two-site procedure in 20 eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the number of antiglaucoma medications and complications were observed. All patients were followed up for 9 months.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the two groups preoperatively. IOP decreased from 22.7±4.9mmHg and 23.7±4.7mmHg preoperatively in one-and two-site groups to 18.0±1.2mmHg and 16.7±1.1mmHg 9 months after operation respectively(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in mean IOP between the two groups at any time (P>0.05). Decrease of the number of antiglaucoma medications and BCVA improvement were similar in both groups 9 months after surgery (P>0.05).There were no significant differences in complications between the two surgical procedures.CONCLUSION:There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical efficacy and complications.
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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of one-site versus two-site phacotrabeculectomy in the treatment of patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma. METHODS: A comprehensive literature meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology to identify controlled clinical trials comparing one-site with two-site phacotrabeculectomy. The studies meeting the predefined criteria were reviewed systematically by meta-analysis. Efficacy estimates were measured by standardised mean difference (SMD) for the percentage intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction from baseline to end point, odds ratio (OR) for the percentage having a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.5 or better after surgery and relative risk (RR) for complete success rates. Tolerability estimates were measured by RR for adverse events. All of outcomes were reported with 95% confidence interval (CI). Data were synthesised by Stata 10.1 for Windows. RESULTS: Two-site phacotrabeculectomy was associated with numerically greater, and significant efficacy than one-site in lowering IOP(SMD,-0.19;95% CI, -0.33 to -0.04; P=0.01). Numerically greater, but nonsignificant proportions of two-site patients than one-site patients had a BCVA of 0.5 or better (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.30 to 1.39; P=0.26).Numerically greater, but nonsignificant proportions of two-site patients than one-site patients achieved the target IOP without anti-glaucoma medication at the end point (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.04; P=0.22). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in adverse events between two surgical procedures.CONCLUSION: The efficacy of two-site phacotrabeculectomy appears to be superior to one-site phacotrabeculectomy. One-site and two-site phacotrabeculectomy are similarly tolerable in postoperative adverse events.
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T_4 was coupled to human serum albumin(HSA)to make the conjugate T_4-HSA,a polyvalent T_4 analogue rather than monovalent T_4 per se alone.A new strategy for sandwich enzyme immunoassay model system of small molecular hapten hormones FT_4 was developed,such as intra-assay CV,inter-assay CV,average recovery, normal and abnormal values were fit for clinical application.The sensitivity was as much as 10 times higher than conventional competitive enzyme immunoassay.