ABSTRACT
Foot baths reportedly reduce pain and improve sleeplessness. In addition, foot baths may induce vasodilation, and thereby improve blood flow, reduce swelling, induce relaxation, and increase deep body temperature. However, the influence of foot baths on energy metabolism and physiological indices are unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the effects of foot baths on energy consumption and physiological indices (e.g., heart rate, tympanic temperature, and blood pressure). Nine healthy males were included in this study (age, 23.0±1.0 years; body weight, 66.5±5.6 kg; body fat percentage, 15.1±4.3%). Expired gas composition (i.e., oxygen and carbon dioxide consumption) was analyzed using the Food method in an environmentally-controlled room (room temperature 25°Cand humidity 40%). Subjects were rested in the hood during the measurement. After 30 min rest in the sitting position, a 30 min foot bath was performed, after which the subjects sat for 60 min. Expired gas composition and heart rate were measured over time, and tympanic temperature and blood pressure were measured every 15 min. The foot bath involved immersion of the knees, and the temperature of the water was maintained at 41°C. There were no significant changes in energy consumption after the foot bath, and no significant changes in heart rate, tympanic temperature, and blood pressure. Therefore, our results suggested that there were no significant energy metabolism changes after 30 min of foot bathing at 41°C.
ABSTRACT
Foot and hand baths are used well in partial baths. It is thought that a warm temperature effect varies according to the size of warmed part in a partial bath, but it is not clear. The purpose of this study is to examine the thermal response on the size of warming area and position during foot and hand baths. The subjects were ten young individuals (all men, average age 23.2 ± 1.3 years), and these individuals partook in a 15-min foot and hand bath. Subjects submerged themselves up to the lower thigh and forearm in a bath at 42°C, in a seated position, rested in the position for five min, and then rested for an additional five min after bathing. There are five styles for baths (single thigh, both thighs, single forearm, both forearms, and no bath). Tympanic temperature was taken with a thermistor, skin blood flow with a laser Doppler flowmeter, and sweat rate with capsule method on the right side. We measured whether the subjects felt warm and comfortable. Tympanic temperature was significantly increased in both the foot and hand baths. Skin blood flow and sweat rate showed no change under any condition. Warm temperature and subjects’ feelings of comfort varied for all bathing conditions, in comparison with no bath. Warm temperature feeling was significant for both the foot and hand baths, in comparison with single baths. The change in these temperatures depended on the surface area warmth in the bath, and the response of the warming at different parts of body was suggested by various factors.
ABSTRACT
Foot and hand baths are used well in partial baths. It is thought that a warm temperature effect varies according to the size of warmed part in a partial bath, but it is not clear. The purpose of this study is to examine the thermal response on the size of warming area and position during foot and hand baths. The subjects were ten young individuals (all men, average age 23.2 ± 1.3 years), and these individuals partook in a 15-min foot and hand bath. Subjects submerged themselves up to the lower thigh and forearm in a bath at 42°C, in a seated position, rested in the position for five min, and then rested for an additional five min after bathing. There are five styles for baths (single thigh, both thighs, single forearm, both forearms, and no bath). Tympanic temperature was taken with a thermistor, skin blood flow with a laser Doppler flowmeter, and sweat rate with capsule method on the right side. We measured whether the subjects felt warm and comfortable. Tympanic temperature was significantly increased in both the foot and hand baths. Skin blood flow and sweat rate showed no change under any condition. Warm temperature and subjects’ feelings of comfort varied for all bathing conditions, in comparison with no bath. Warm temperature feeling was significant for both the foot and hand baths, in comparison with single baths. The change in these temperatures depended on the surface area warmth in the bath, and the response of the warming at different parts of body was suggested by various factors.
ABSTRACT
We investigated the sweating response during passive heating (partial submersion up to the umbilical line in 42+/-0.5degrees C water, 30 min) after summer and winter seasonal acclimatization (SA). Testing was performed in July during the summer, 2011 [summer-SA; temp, 25.6+/-1.8degrees C; relative humidity (RH), 82.1+/-8.2%] and in January during the winter, 2012 (winter-SA; temp, -2.7+/-2.9degrees C; RH, 65.0+/-13.1%) in Cheonan (126degrees52'N, 33.38'E), Republic of Korea. All experiments were carried out in an automated climatic chamber (temp, 25.0+/-0.5degrees C: RH, 60.0+/-3.0%). Fifteen healthy men (age, 23.4+/-2.5 years; height, 175.0+/-5.9 cm; weight, 65.3+/-6.1 kg) participated in the study. Local sweat onset time was delayed during winter-SA compared to that after summer-SA (p< 0.001). Local sweat volume, whole body sweat volume, and evaporative loss volume decreased significantly after winter-SA compared to those after summer-SA (p<0.001). Changes in basal metabolic rate increased significantly after winter-SA (p< 0.001), and tympanic temperature and mean body temperature were significantly lower after summer-SA (p<0.05). In conclusion, central sudomotor acitivity becomes sensitive to summer-SA and blunt to winter-SA in Rebubic of Korea. These results suggest that the body adjusts its temperature by economically controlling the sweating rate but does not lower the thermal dissipation rate through a more effective evaporation scheme after summer-SA than that after winter-SA.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Acclimatization , Basal Metabolism , Body Temperature , Heating , Hot Temperature , Humidity , Immersion , Korea , Republic of Korea , Seasons , Sweat , Sweating , WaterABSTRACT
The present study aimed to investigate probability of a possible endogenous circadian rhythm in human cognitive attribute to estimate short intervals. Apparently healthy young males and females were selected for our study. Eight subjects prospectively produced the short-time intervals 10 s and 60 s at 2 hourly intervals in 30 h constant routine (CR) study conducted in spring (CR-1). The study was repeated again in autumn (CR-2) in the remaining eight subjects. The established circadian markers, namely serum cortisol, salivary melatonin levels and tympanic temperature were also measured either in CR-1 or CR-2. Oral temperature was measured simultaneously. Circadian rhythms were validated in serum cortisol, salivary melatonin, oral, and tympanic temperatures. Circadian rhythm in 60 s estimates was observed in a few subjects and in all males at group level in CR-1. The cognitive attribute to perceive short intervals vary as function of season. The results provide evidence in support of interaction among the interval, circadian and circannual timing systems in human.
Subject(s)
Adult , Body Temperature , Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Cognition/physiology , Female , Humans , Hydrocortisone/blood , Male , Melatonin/metabolism , Saliva/metabolism , Seasons , Time Perception/physiology , Wakefulness/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of isotonic exercise during a 38°C mist sauna on oxygen uptake in comparison with conditions of the exercise only. The subjects of this study were 10 young persons (average 20.5 years old). Oxygen uptake and breath rate were measured using an expiratory gas analysis system and the tympanic temperature was measured using a thermistor during a control period 10 minutes before the tasks, for 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Heart rate was measured using an autonomic spygmomanometer during the 10 minutes control period before the tasks, at five and 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Body weight was measured before and after the experiment. The temperature and humidity of the mist sauna were set to 38°C and 96%, and the rest room temperature and humidity were set to 28°C and 52%. In isotonic exercises with mist sauna, the oxygen uptake for 10 min, tympanic temperature and heart rate were all significantly increased, and the body weight was significantly decreased in comparison with exercise only. The oxygen uptake for 10 min during the exercise in the sauna was greater than the value found for exercise only. These results showed synergistic effects due to exercise and heating during the sauna. These findings suggest that a condition of isotonic exercise with sauna advance energy metabolism in comparison with exercise only, and that we can use this to protect against metabolic syndrome and maintain health.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of isotonic exercise during a 38°C mist sauna on oxygen uptake in comparison with conditions of the exercise only.<BR> The subjects of this study were 10 young persons (average 20.5 years old). Oxygen uptake and breath rate were measured using an expiratory gas analysis system and the tympanic temperature was measured using a thermistor during a control period 10 minutes before the tasks, for 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Heart rate was measured using an autonomic spygmomanometer during the 10 minutes control period before the tasks, at five and 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Body weight was measured before and after the experiment. The temperature and humidity of the mist sauna were set to 38°C and 96%, and the rest room temperature and humidity were set to 28°C and 52%.<BR> In isotonic exercises with mist sauna, the oxygen uptake for 10 min, tympanic temperature and heart rate were all significantly increased, and the body weight was significantly decreased in comparison with exercise only. The oxygen uptake for 10 min during the exercise in the sauna was greater than the value found for exercise only. These results showed synergistic effects due to exercise and heating during the sauna.<BR> These findings suggest that a condition of isotonic exercise with sauna advance energy metabolism in comparison with exercise only, and that we can use this to protect against metabolic syndrome and maintain health.
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The purpose of this study was to clarify effects of the water fall bath on muscle blood flow, muscle hardness at the shoulder and body temperature after muscle contraction in human. The subjects of this study were eight young males (average 20.4years old). Blood flow and hardness in middle fiber of trapezius were measured using the monitor of spectroscopy and a handy battery-run device, skin blood flow rate using the laser doppler flowmetry, and tympanic temperature using the thermistor during control period 10 minutes, for five minutes during four conditions (40°C water fall bath, massage using the knocking machine, 40°C hot pack and rest) after muscle contraction and moreover 30 minutes. Subjects wore a swimming trunk while these experiments. The ambient temperature and relative humidity were set to 27°C, 42% in control room. During the water fall bath, the muscle blood flow was tend to increased compared with after muscle contraction. The skin blood flow was increased and the muscle hardness was decreased significantly. During the massage, the skin blood flow was increased and the muscle hardness was decreased significantly. During the hot pack, the muscle hardness was decreased significantly. The tympanic temperature was no changed in three conditions except from the rest. These findings suggest that water fall bath is lessened the muscle hardness causing increase of the muscle and the skin blood flows. Therefore, the water fall bath can use one of the method to relief muscle fatigue.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to clarify effects of the water fall bath on muscle blood flow, muscle hardness at the shoulder and body temperature after muscle contraction in human.<BR> The subjects of this study were eight young males (average 20.4years old). Blood flow and hardness in middle fiber of trapezius were measured using the monitor of spectroscopy and a handy battery-run device, skin blood flow rate using the laser doppler flowmetry, and tympanic temperature using the thermistor during control period 10 minutes, for five minutes during four conditions (40°C water fall bath, massage using the knocking machine, 40°C hot pack and rest) after muscle contraction and moreover 30 minutes. Subjects wore a swimming trunk while these experiments. The ambient temperature and relative humidity were set to 27°C, 42% in control room.<BR> During the water fall bath, the muscle blood flow was tend to increased compared with after muscle contraction. The skin blood flow was increased and the muscle hardness was decreased significantly. During the massage, the skin blood flow was increased and the muscle hardness was decreased significantly. During the hot pack, the muscle hardness was decreased significantly. The tympanic temperature was no changed in three conditions except from the rest.<BR> These findings suggest that water fall bath is lessened the muscle hardness causing increase of the muscle and the skin blood flows. Therefore, the water fall bath can use one of the method to relief muscle fatigue.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the outcomes of two temperature maintenance strategies during radical resection for carcinoma of oesophagus and their effects on postoperative shivering. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing radical resection for carcinoma of oesophagus were randomly assigned to hypothermia group (HT group, patients were not wanned perioperatively, n=10), intraoperative normothermia group (INT group, patients were warmed only intraoperatively, n=10) and perioperative normothermia group(PNT group, patients were warmed before induction of anesthesia and during anesthesia, n=10). The tympanic temperature began to be recorded 20 min before induction of anesthesia at intervals of 10 min. Results There was no significant difference in the decrease velocity of tympanic temperature during the first hour after induction of anesthesia between HT group and INT group, while both were significantly higher than that of PNT group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the tympanic temperature within 70 min after induction of anesthesia between HT group and INT group, while both were significantly lower than that of PNT group (P<0.05). The tympanic temperature of HT group continued to decrease 70 min after induction of anesthesia, while that of INT group and PNT group began to increase. There were significant differences in the tympanic temperature 80 min to 180 min after induction of anesthesia among these three groups(P<0.05). The incidences of postoperative shivering were 8, 5 and 2 in HT group, INT group and PNT group, respectively. The scores of thermal comfort scale were 19±10, 41±7 and 51±11 in HT group, INT group and PNT group, respectively, and there were significant differences among these three groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with INT, PNT can more effectively maintain perioperative normothermia, reduce the incidence of shivering and relieve the patients' cold thermal discomfort in radical resection for carcinoma of oesophagus.
ABSTRACT
A utilização do termômetro de raios infravermelhos para a aferição da temperatura timpânica em animais tem se tornado uma alternativa prática na clínica veterinária. Em ovinos, a mensuração da temperatura timpânica não foi suficientemente comparada com a aferição da temperatura retal. Este estudo avaliou a equivalência entre a temperatura timpânica e a temperatura retal em 16 ovinos da raça Santa Inês. Durante a coleta de dados, a temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar foram monitoradas e não houve correlação entre estas e a temperatura corporal. A análise da equivalência, pelo método da diferença entre as temperaturas, resultou em temperaturas timpânicas mais baixas (entre 35 e 36,9ºC, para ambos os ouvidos) que a temperatura retal (entre 39 e 38ºC). Os limites de concordância das comparações entre a temperatura retal e as temperaturas timpânicas foram acima do valor pré-estabelecido. A localização anatômica dos locais aferidos e o tipo de termômetro contribuíram para as diferenças de temperatura. A temperatura retal e a temperatura timpânica foram independentes, sugerindo não haver equivalência entre ambas.
The use of infrared thermometers to obtain the tympanic temperature in animals has become a convenient alternative in veterinarian medicine practice. In sheep, tympanic and rectal temperatures have not yet been compared enough. This study evaluated the equivalence between the tympanic and the rectal temperatures in sixteen Santa Ines sheep. During data collection, air temperature and humidity were monitored and there was no discernible correlation between these and the ovine body temperature. The analysis of the equivalence, as measured by the method of the difference amongst temperatures, resulted in lower tympanic temperature (between 35 and 36.9ºC, for both ears) than the rectal temperature (between 38 and 39ºC). The agreement limit of the comparisons between the rectal and tympanic temperatures was above values established previously in the literature. The anatomical site used for the temperature measurement and the type of thermometer used contributed to these temperature differences. The rectal and tympanic temperatures were independent, suggesting that there is no equivalence between them.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Body Temperature , Rectum , Sheep , Tympanic MembraneABSTRACT
Human and primate studies have demonstrated that performance of tasks that induce asymmetrical physiological activation of the cerebral hemispheres leads to a reduction of tympanic temperature (TT) ipsilateral to the most active hemisphere. It is possible that diseases that interfere in an asymmetrical fashion with the degree of cerebral activity cause similar TT changes. There are not, however, normative studies of the acceptable interaural difference in TT in normal subjects at rest. This study was done to establish normative values for interaural TT values measured by means of infrared tympanic thermometry in resting normal subjects not engaged in any specific task. TT values were measured in 47 normal volunteers (20 men and 27 women, aged 39.38±12.57 years old) at rest; mean interaural differences of TT were calculated. Mean right ear TT was 36.85±0.50ºC and mean left ear TT was 36.74±0.57ºC; these values are in agreement with those already reported in the literature. Mean interaural TT difference was 0.25ºC (SD 0.21ºC). These findings indicate that maximal normal values for interaural TT differences, with confidence levels of 99 percent and 95 percent, are, respectively, 0.88 and 0.67ºC. The value of interaural differences of TT as a marker of asymmetrical hemispheric activity in neurological patients will have to be established by additional studies.
Estudos em humanos e outros primatas demonstraram que a realização de tarefas que causam ativação assimétrica fisiológica dos hemisférios cerebrais resulta em redução da temperatura timpânica (TT) ipsilateral ao hemisfério cerebral mais ativo. É possível que patologias que interfiram de modo assimétrico com o grau de atividade cerebral causem alterações similares da TT. Não existem, entretanto, estudos normativos da diferença normal aceitável de TT entre os tímpanos de um mesmo indivíduo em repouso. Este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer uma normatização dos valores bilaterais da TT, e principalmente das diferenças interauriculares desse parâmetro, obtidas por termometria timpânica por infravermelho, em indivíduos normais, na ausência de execução de tarefas específicas. Foram obtidas medidas da TT em 47 voluntários normais (20 homens e 27 mulheres, com média de idade de 39,38±12,57 anos) em repouso e calculadas as diferenças interauriculares, sua média e desvio-padrão. A TT média foi de 36,85±0,50ºC à direita e de 36,74± 0,57ºC à esquerda, o que está de acordo com dados da literatura. A média das diferenças de TT encontrada foi de 0,25ºC e o desvio padrão (DP) 0,21ºC. Com base nesses achados, os valores máximos considerados normais para a diferença interauricular da TT, com níveis de confiança de 99 por cento e de 95 por cento, são de 0,88ºC e 0,67ºC, respectivamente. A utilidade da medida da diferença interauricular da TT como marcador de assimetria da atividade cerebral em pacientes com patologias neurológicas deverá ser avaliada em estudos adicionais.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Body Temperature/physiology , Dominance, Cerebral/physiology , Infrared Rays , Thermometers , Tympanic Membrane/physiology , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to clarify effects of foot bathing at 44°C for the patients with hemiplegia. The subjects of this study were six patients with hemiplegia (average 71.6 years old) and six healthy volunteers (average 74.3 years old). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured using an autonomic spygmomanometer, tympanic temperature using a thermistor, and sweat rate using the ventrilated capsule method during the control period of 10 minutes before foot bathing, for 20 minutes during foot bathing, and for 10 minutes after foot bathing. Subjects wore a plain clothes while taking a footbath and the ambient temperature was set to 20°C. During foot bathing, heart rate was significantly increased, but blood pressure and pressure-rate product did not changed. Tympanic temperature was no significant changed in both subjects during foot bathing. But a significant increase of sweat rate was observed in patients. In healthy volunteers, in contrast, skin blood flow on the bottom of the foot was significant increased. These findings suggest that regulation system of cardiovascular is slightly declined in the patient, and patient's thermoregulatory system was difficult in healthy humans.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to clarify difference in heating effect of the two types of bathing for the elderly, footbathing at 44°C and full bathing at 40°C.<br>The subjects of this study were nine elderly persons for footbathing (average 73.5 years old) and 10 elderly persons for full bathing (average 77.4 years old). The tympanic temperature was measured using a thermistor, sweat rate using the ventral capsule method, and blood pressure and heart rate using an autonomic spygmomanometer during control period 10 minutes before bathing, for 20 minutes during bathing, and for 10 minutes after bathing. Subjects wore plain clothes while taking a footbath time or swimming trunks while taking a full bathing. The ambient temperature was set to 20°C during the footbath or 26°C during the full bathing.<br>During the footbath, the tympanic temperature increased to 60% that of full bathing and a significant increase of sweat rate was observed. In contrast, during full bathing, a significant rise in systolic blood pressure was observed immediately after bathing started due to hydrostatic pressure and a significant drop of diastolic pressure was observed after bathing due to heating during bathing.<br>These findings suggest that the footbath is safe, does not cause any change in blood pressure and is expected to provide mild warming for the elderly.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect on the physiological response of fluid ingestion before walking in a swimming pool. Nine healthy students were candidates for this study. First of all, they were divided into two groups water ingestion (W(+))(300Ml) before pool walking group and no water drinking (W(-)) beforehand. Body temperature was measured in the tympanic space and venodilation was measured in the fingers. Walking conditions were 3 km/h for 1,750 m in an indoor pool with a water temperature of 29.7±0.5°C, at a room temperature of 25.4±1.4°C and relative humidity of 79.4±4.3%. The pool was 25 m in length and 1.0 m deep. The following results were obtained: The values for tympanic temperature in the W(-) group were significantly higher than that of pre-walking (p<0.05). Vasodilation of the veins in the fingers significantly expanded in the group of W(+)(p<0.05). The values of systolic blood pressure(SBP) in the W(-) group decreased significantly in comparison partially (p<0.05).We could conclude that fluid ingestion before walking in a swimming pool has a good effect on tympanic temperature, venous dilation and systolic blood pressure.
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In veterinary practice, tympanic temperature (TT) measurement is not very disseminated. It is surprising, because TT could have advantages compared to the rectal temperature (RT). In the present study, we investigate (Callithrix penicillata), right TT, left TT and RT. We used an infra-red thermometer to measure the temperature in marmosets of tympanic membrane, and a digital clinical thermometer for the measurement of rectal temperature. Right TT was lower than left TT and RT. There was not statistical difference between left TT and RT. Correlation between left TT and RT was stronger than correlation between right TT and both, left TT and RT. This results suggests of a regional thermal dissociation and an asymmetric cerebral metabolism and body temperature, due to the stress of contention in marmosets.
Na prática de clínica veterinária a temperatura timpânica (TT) não é disseminada. Isto é surpreendente porque a TT poderia apresentar vantagens em relação à medida da temperatura retal (RT).Neste estudo, investigou-se a temperatura timpânica direita (RTT), temperatura timpânica esquerda (LTT) e temperatura retal em sagüis do cerrado (Callithrix penicillata). Usou-se um termômetro de emissão de raios infra-vermelhos para a mensuração da temperatura da membrana timpânica e um termômetro clínico digital para a medida da temperatura retal. RTT foi menor do que LTT e RT. Não houve diferença estatística entre a LTT e RT. A correlação entre LTT foi mais forte em relação à RT do que à RTT. Estes resultados são sugestivos de uma dissociação e assimetria térmica regional entre o metabolismo cerebral e a temperatura sistêmica, devido ao estresse agudo da contenção.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among helmet surface temperature (Thl), head top temperature (Thd) and tympanic temperature (Tty) during American football practice in summer. Methods : The subjects were collegiate American football players. Temperatures were measured in August in 1993 and 1994. Thl, Thd and Tty were measured by infrared tympanic thermometers. Environmental temperatures that were measured were dry-bulb temperature (Td), wet-bulb temperature (Tw), globe temperature (GT) and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) . Results: Significant correlations were observed among all measured temperatures (P<0.0001) . High coefficients of correlation were observed among Thl, Thd and GT. The highest relationships were observed between Thl and Thd (r=.727), and between Tty and Td (r=.766) . The coefficient of correlation between Tty and Thl was higher than that between Tty and Thd. Heat stress of the whole body (F1; heat stress factor: Tty, Td, Tw and WBGT, proportion=71.4%) and head environment factor (F2 ; helmet factor : Thl, Thd and GT, proportion=14.3%) were chosen in factor analysis. A close relationship was observed between both factors (r=.773) . Both GT and Thl showed a high correlation with Thd, which suggests the influence of radiant heat through a helmet on the whole body. Conclusion : The temperature in a helmet is a micro environment temperature surrounding the head. Accordingly, the heat load is reduced by taking the helmet off frequently during football practice.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Warming Therapy used with patients consistantly before and during surgery to on changes in their body temperatures. The data were collected from patients in a university hospital in Taegu between December 1, 1998 and May 31, 1999. The subjects were selected from patients who were hospitalized for total hip replacement surgery. Thirty participants were assigned to two groups : experimental(Warming Therapy) group and control group. Each group consisted of 15 patients. The research design was a repeated measurement design, using a nonequivalent control group. The Warming Therapy, using a forced-air warming blanket, that is a, 'Bair Hugger' was applied to subjects in the experimental group. The subjects in the group were treated with the 'Bair Hugger' to warm up the whole body for 40 minutes before surgery and upper body and face during the operation. The core temperature was measured using a tympanic thermometer. The body temperature of the patients was measured 13 times every 15 minutes during the surgery. After the operation the body temperature of the patients was measured 4 times every 15 minutes, from the time of arrivial in the recovery room to the time of leaving the recovery room. The SPSS Win 9.0 program was used for data analysis. Specific methods tested were done using x2-test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. The findings of the study are as follows. 1. The first hypothesis, "The level of tympanic temperature for the experimental group which received Warming Therapy will be higher than that of the control group during the operation", was supported (F=32.16, p=0.000). 2. The second hypothesis, "The level of tympanic temperature for the experimental group which received Warming Therapy will be higher than that of the control group after the operation", was supported.(F=33.36, p=0.000) 3. During recovery, shivering was observed one patient in the experimental group and seven patients in the control group. In summary, the findings of the study suggest that the "Warming Therapy" applied before and during the surgery was a very effective treatment for surgical patients in maintaining the core temperature during surgery
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Body Temperature , Recovery Room , Research Design , Shivering , Statistics as Topic , ThermometersABSTRACT
Body temperature should be measured accurately to assess neonate's condition for proper care. Temperatures measured in rectal, axillary and tympanic site were compared in 129 normal neonates to find out proper nursing time for measuring temperature and the validity of fever detection. The results were as follows : 1. Mean temperatures of axillary and tympanic site(36.85degrees C, 37.12degrees C) were significantly lower than those of rectal site(37.19degrees C). 2. Mean nursing time for measuring body temperature was significantly higher and lower in axillary and tympanic temperatures(159.49 seconds, 11.07 seconds) than in rectal temperature(105.62 seconds). 3. Tympanic and axillary temperatures were significantly correlated with rectal temperature(r=0.85, r=0.78) and the significant correlation was demonstrated between tympanic and axillary temperatures(r=0.76). 4. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.87, 0.90, 0.72, 0.96 for detecting fever respectively. The above findings indicated that the tympanic thermometer offers a useful alternative to conventional methods.