ABSTRACT
Background: Recognizing vitreous haze (VH) patterns on ultra-widefield imaging (UWFI) in nonresolving vitritis can reduce delay in suspecting vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) and in performing an early vitreous biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Purpose: To demonstrate role of UWFI in providing a clue for suspecting VRL in case of bilateral nonresolving dense vitritis and demonstrate precautions for high yield of lymphoma cells on vitreous biopsy. Synopsis: A 52-year-old healthy phakic lady came with gradual, painless blurred vision OS>OD for 6 months.Treated elsewhere for OU vitritis with steroids (local and systemic), anti-tubercular therapy for 2 months, and azathioprine, she had no improvement. Presenting best-corrected visual acuty was counting fingers OD and hand movement OS. Anterior segment OU was quiet. Fundus showed OD 3+ and OS 4+ vireous haze (VH). UWFI showed 揳urora borealis� pattern of VH (OS>OD) and 搒tring of pearls� OD. Ultrasonography B-scan OU showed complete posterior vitreous detachment and attached retina. OU VRL was suspected. MRI brain and orbit with contrast was found to be normal. After stopping steroids for 2 weeks, OS underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and intravitreal (IV) methotrexate 400 mcg/0.1 ml + rituximab 1mg/0.1ml. Vitreous sample sent for cytology and immunohistochemistry showed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma with CD20 and MUM1-positive cells. OD underwent two IV rituximab injections at monthly interval initially followed by PPV with IV rituximab and methotrexate. The patient remained in remission during close follow-up. Recognizing VH patterns on UWFI can reduce the delay in the diagnosis of VRL and early initiation of treatment. Highlights: VH patterns in VRL depend on state of vitreous liquefaction and syneresis.Aurora borealis pattern on UWFI results from linear opacities with lymphoma cells uniformly aligned along formed vitreous fibrils.String of pearls pattern results from clumps of lymphoma cells and inflammatory material over the scaffold of vitreous fibrils.These patterns provide high index of suspicion for considering VRL as d iagnosis.IV rituximab has minimal side effects and has been effective in managing VRL with isolated ocular involvement.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To preliminarily evaluate the feasibility of ultra-wide-angle fundus imaging (UWFI) to observe the Weiss ring (vitreous floats) and the effectiveness and safety of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser ablation in the treatment of symptomatic Weiss ring.Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From March 2016 to December 2019, 80 eyes of 68 patients with symptomatic Weiss ring who were diagnosed and treated at Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital were included in the study. Among them, there were 39 eyes in 32 males and 41 eyes in 36 females; the average age was 53.7±10.8 years old. All the affected eyes were examined by slit lamp microscope combined with 90 D front lens and UWFI. The position and shape of the vitreous floating objects by drawing pictures were recorded. All the affected eyes underwent Nd: YAG laser ablation treatment. Three months after treatment, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the patients to assess the improvement of subjective symptoms. Those with a total score of 10, 7-9, 3-6, and ≤2 points were defined as cured, significant improvement, partial improvement, and no improvement, respectively. The measurement software Gauge 1.0 was used to manually measure the long diameter, circumference and area of the vitreous float on the UWFI image. The diameter of the optic disc to 1 Unit (U) was set as a standardized reference value. Those who did not show UWFI and no floating objects were found on the front mirror were recorded as 0. The changes of vitreous floats before and after treatment were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test; the changes in their size before and after treatment and the patients' subjective symptom improvement scores after treatment were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation.Results:After treatment, in 80 eyes, there were no vitreous floats in 59 eyes (73.8%, 59/80) on UWFI. Before treatment, the circumference of the vitreous float was 1.84 (1.07, 2.64) U, the long diameter was 1.17 (0.84, 1.66) U, and the area was 0.18 (0.08, 0.30) U2; after treatment, the circumference was 0.00 (0.00, 0.23) U, The long diameter is 0.00 (0.00, 0.23) U, and the area was 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) U2. There were statistically significant differences in the perimeter, diameter, and area of floating objects before and after treatment ( Z=-7.722, -7.560, -7.655; P<0.001). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the patient's subjective symptoms were cured, significantly improved, and partially improved in 49 (61.3%, 49/80), 25 (31.2%, 25/80), and 6 (7.5%, 6/80) eyes, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the degree of improvement of the patient's subjective symptoms was related to the circumference ( r=0.812), long diameter ( r=0.796), and area ( r=0.791) of the vitreous float on UWFI before and after treatment ( P<0.01). During the follow-up period, no complications such as increased intraocular pressure or decreased vision occurred. Conclusions:UWFI can objectively image the Weiss ring, and its size can be quantified relatively to the measurement software. Nd: YAG laser ablation treatment of symptomatic Weiss ring is safe and effective.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Retinal hemangioblastomas (RHs) are characteristic of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Early diagnosis of retinal lesions may aid in systemic diagnosis. Early identification of VHL is life-saving and also prevents vision loss. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of RHs. The aim of this study is to report FFA features of RH using ultra-widefield (UWF) imaging. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of consecutive patients of RH who underwent UWF FFA at a tertiary eye care center. Images were analyzed and assessed by authors. The main outcome measures were (a) the number and size of RH in each eye and (b) vascular characteristics of the retina. UWF-FFA characteristics in each eye were tabulated. The number of clock hours involved by these characteristics and their correlation with the number and size of RH were analyzed. Results: The study evaluated 24 eyes of 13 patients. The mean age was 28.4 years. The median number of RHs in an eye was 3.5 (range 1�16), and the size of RHs varied from 0.1 to 4 disc diameters. Novel UWF-FFA findings noted in this study were the presence of abnormal capillary network in 22 of 24 eyes (91.7%), capillary leakage in 15 of 24 eyes (62.5%), and capillary telangiectasia in 7 of 24 eyes (29.2%). In addition, feeder arterioles and venules showed bulbous projections in 8 of 24 eyes (33.3%). Conclusion: The UWF-FFA characteristics of RH, which have not been described before, were identified. These add to our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and may pave the way for future therapeutic targets.