Evaluation of desensitizing efficacy of nanohydroxyapatite on the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity following ultrasonic scaling: a randomized controlled trial / Avaliação da eficácia dessensibilizante da nanoidroxiapatita no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária após raspagem ultrassônica: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare nanohydroxyapatite with fluoride on managing post ultrasonic scaling Dentine hypersensitivity (DH). Material and Methods: Thirty patients (aged 20-50 years) with post ultrasonic-scaling DH were included in this study. The sample was randomly divided into three equal groups of 60 teeth each: the first group received nanohydroxyapatite material, the second group received fluoride material and the third group received sterile water as a placebo (controls). The materials were applied once for each patient. All patients were instructed to rate the level of pain before treatment, and after 1 hour, 24 hours, 2 weeks and 1 month on the numerical rating scale (NRS). The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney tests, linear regression analysis were used for the statistical analysis. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Both nanohydroxyapatite and fluoride were successful in reducing pain associated with DH when compared with the placebo in subsequent follow-ups (p < 0.05). However, one-hour and one-day post application, nanohydroxyapatite could reduce hypersensitivity pain moreeffectively than fluoride (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nanohydroxyapatite material was found to besignificantly more effective in reducing the DH that followed ultrasonic scaling one-hour and one-day post application as compared to fluoride and sterile water. Both fluoride and nanohydroxyapatite had similar effect on DH after two-weeks and one-month after application. (AU)

Objetivo: Este ensaio clínico randomizado teve como objetivo comparar a nano-hidroxiapatita com o flúor no manejo da hipersensibilidade dentinária (HD) pós-raspagem ultrassônica. Material e Métodos: Trinta pacientes (com idades entre 20-50 anos) com HD pós-raspagem ultrassônica foram incluídos neste estudo. A amostra foi dividida aleatoriamente em três grupos iguais com 60 dentes cada: o primeiro grupo recebeu material de nano-hidroxiapatita, o segundo grupo recebeu material de flúor e o terceiro grupo recebeu água esterilizada como placebo (controle). Os materiais foram aplicados uma vez para cada paciente. Todos os pacientes foram instruídos a avaliar o nível de dor antes do tratamento, e após 1 hora, 24 horas, 2 semanas e 1 mês na escala de avaliação numérica (NRS). Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e análise de regressão linear foram usados para a análise estatística. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 0,05. Resultados: Tanto a nano- hidroxiapatita quanto o flúor foram bem-sucedidos na redução da dor associada à HD quando comparados ao placebo em acompanhamentos subsequentes (p <0,05). No entanto, 1 hora e 1 dia após a aplicação, a nano-hidroxiapatita pode reduzir a dor de hipersensibilidade de forma mais eficaz do que o flúor (p <0,05). Conclusão: O material da nano-hidroxiapatita foi significativamente mais eficaz na redução da HD que se seguiu à raspagem ultrassônica, 1 hora e 1 dia após a aplicação, em comparação com o flúor e a água estéril. Tanto o flúor, quanto a nano-hidroxiapatita apresentou efeito semelhante na HD após 2 semanas e 1 mês após a aplicação (AU)

Ultrasound subgingival scaling combined with manual root planing for treatment of chronic periodontitis in elderly patients / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ultrasound subgingival scaling combined with manual root planing for treatment of chronic periodontitis in elderly patients.@*METHODS@#Forty elderly patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly divided into test group for treatment with ultrasound and Gracey subgingival curette for subgingival scaling combined with manual root planing and control group treated with ultrasound subgingival curette scaling (=20). We compared plaque index (PLI), bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD), and attachment loss (AL) between the two groups before and at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the treatment.@*RESULTS@#After periodontal treatment, PLI, BI, PD and AL all decreased significantly in both groups compared with the levels before the treatment ( < 0.05). The patients in the test group showed significantly more obvious decrease of PD and AL than those in the control group ( < 0.05), but the reduction of PLI and BI was comparable between the two groups (>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Ultrasound subgingival scaling combined with manual root planing produces better therapeutic effect than ultrasonic subgingival scaling alone for treatment of chronic periodontitis in elderly patients.

Effect of three different gargling liquid on bacterial colonies in air during oral ultrasound scaling / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of different gargling liquid on colony number in air during oral ultrasound scaling for patients with periodontitis.Methods Patients with mild (n=54), moderate (n=54), and severe chronic periodontitis (n=54) were selected, then patients with same degree of periodontitis were randomly divided into three groups, with 18 in each group. Before scaling, patients in each group of mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis were given honeysuckle liquid (gargle A), 3％ hydrogen peroxide (gargle B), and normal saline (gargle C) respectively. Bacterial culture and identification of air specimens were conducted at 0 and 30 minutes after the beginning of ultrasonic scaling as well as 10, 20 minutes after the end of ultrasonic scaling.Results Variance analysis of three-factor factorial design data showed that degree of periodontitis, types of gargling liquid, and sampling time had interaction (F=2.666, P=0.002). Comparisons of air colonies: At the beginning of scaling, there was no significant difference in colony number of air around patients using different gargling liquid in mild, moderate and severe groups (all P＞0.05). Among patients using the same gargling liquid at 30 minutes after the beginning of scaling, colony number of air was the lowest around patients with mild periodontitis and the highest around patients with severe periodontitis, colony numbers of air around patients with gargle A and B were lower than that of patients with gargle C. Comparison of each sampling points showed that colony number of air around the right side of patients' head was highest, differences were all statistically significant (all P＜0.05). 20 minutes after the end of scaling, there was no significant difference in colony number among groups compared before scaling (all P＞0.05). The main isolated strains in the air were Streptococcus viridans (32.53％), coagulase negative staphylococcus (24.56％), and filamentous fungi (18.48％).Conclusion There are variety of opportunistic pathogens in the air during oral ultrasound scaling, and the number of colonies is positively correlated with the degree of periodontitis. honeysuckle liquid has a good effect on reducing the number of air colonies during and after scaling.

Surface changes of metal alloys and high-strength ceramics after ultrasonic scaling and intraoral polishing

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the effect of repeated ultrasonic scaling and surface polishing with intraoral polishing kits on the surface roughness of three different restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 15 identical discs were fabricated with three different materials. The ultrasonic scaling was conducted for 20 seconds on the test surfaces. Subsequently, a multi-step polishing with recommended intraoral polishing kit was performed for 30 seconds. The 3D profiler and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate surface integrity before scaling (pristine), after scaling, and after surface polishing for each material. Non-parametric Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank sum tests were employed to statistically evaluate surface roughness changes of the pristine, scaled, and polished specimens. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Surface roughness values before scaling (pristine), after scaling, and polishing of the metal alloys were 3.02±0.34 µm, 2.44±0.72 µm, and 3.49±0.72 µm, respectively. Surface roughness of lithium disilicate increased from 2.35±1.05 µm (pristine) to 28.54±9.64 µm (scaling), and further increased after polishing (56.66±9.12 µm, P<.05). The zirconia showed the most increase in roughness after scaling (from 1.65±0.42 µm to 101.37±18.75 µm), while its surface roughness decreased after polishing (29.57±18.86 µm, P<.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic scaling significantly changed the surface integrities of lithium disilicate and zirconia. Surface polishing with multi-step intraoral kit after repeated scaling was only effective for the zirconia, while it was not for lithium disilicate.

Comparison of subgingival ultrasonic scaling with hand scaling in the treatment of chronic periodontitis / 实用口腔医学杂志

80 patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly divided into 2 groups(n =40)and treated by ultrasonic sub-gingival sealing (ultrasonic group)and hand instrumentation(hand group)respectively.4 and 12 weeks after treatment,plaque index(PLI),gingival blee-ding index(GBI),probing pocket depth(PD)and clinical attachment level(CAL)of both groups decreased(P 0.05).

Effect of chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, and ozone on microorganisms in dental aerosols: Randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Objective: Dental handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, air polishers, air abrasion units produce the most visible aerosols. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX), povidone iodine (PI), and ozone (OZ) on the microorganisms in dental aerosols. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients were included in this study, they were randomly assigned into three groups and were subjected to scaling before and after rinsing with 0.2% CHX, 1% PI or irrigation with OZ. Blood agar plates were used to collect the gravitometric settling of aerosols and were sent for aerobic and anaerobic culture. Results: The results demonstrated high percentage reduction of aerobic and anaerobic colony forming units (CFUs) in all three groups. In aerobic CFUs, CHX showed the highest reduction (57%) at mask position whereas at chest position and at 9 ft, PI showed higher CFU reductions (37% and 47%, respectively). In anaerobic CFUs, CHX showed the highest percentage of reduction at chest level (43%) and at 9 ft (44%). Conclusion: CHX, PI and OZ showed similar effects in reducing aerobic and anaerobic CFU's at the chest mask and at 9 ft. OZ can be used as a preprocedural agent, considering its beneficial effects.

A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments: an in vitro profilometric and SEM study

OBJECTIVES: The debridement of diseased root surface is usually performed by mechanical scaling and root planing using manual and power driven instruments. Many new designs in ultrasonic powered scaling tips have been developed. However, their effectiveness as compared to manual curettes has always been debatable. Thus, the objective of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instrumentation on periodontally involved extracted teeth using profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 periodontally involved extracted human teeth were divided into 3 groups. The teeth were instrumented with hand and ultrasonic instruments resembling clinical application. In Group A all teeth were scaled with a new universal hand curette (Hu Friedy Gracey After Five Vision curette; Hu Friedy, Chicago, USA). In Group B CavitronTM FSI - SLI TM ultrasonic device with focused spray slimline inserts (Dentsply International Inc., York, PA, USA) were used. In Group C teeth were scaled with an EMS piezoelectric ultrasonic device with prototype modified PS inserts. The surfaces were analyzed by a Precision profilometer to measure the surface roughness (Ra value in µm) consecutively before and after the instrumentation. The samples were examined under SEM at magnifications ranging from 17x to 300x and 600x. RESULTS: The mean Ra values (µm) before and after instrumentation in all the three groups A, B and C were tabulated. After statistically analyzing the data, no significant difference was observed in the three experimental groups. Though there was a decrease in the percentage reduction of Ra values consecutively from group A to C. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present study, given that the manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments produce the same surface roughness, it can be concluded that their efficacy for creating a biologically compatible surface of periodontally diseased teeth is similar.