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Introduction: Periodontal inflammation causes dysbiosis and change in the microbiota. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) helps in removal of plaque and restoring periodontal health. Various adjunctive therapy like use of mouthwash helps in maintenance of periodontal health and reducing inflammatory load. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis were divided into three groups: Group 1 received NSPT and rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash for 3 months, Group 2 received NSPT and rinsing with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide mouthwash for 3 months, Group 3- received NSPT only (control group). The clinical parameters measured included Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing (PD) at baseline, 1, 2, 3 months follow up. Salivary interleukin 1ßlevels were measured at baseline and 3 months interval. Results: Group 1, 2 and 3 showed significant reduction in PI, GI, BOP and PD at 1 and 3 months follow up (p<0.05). However, Intergroup comparison of clinical parameters showed significant reduction in group 1 and 2 when compared with group 3 (p<0.05). Salivary interleukin 1-ß levels showed significant reduction from baseline to 3 months in all the three groups and intergroup comparison didn't show any significant changes, (p>0.05). Conclusions: Hydrogen peroxide mouthwash as an adjunct to NSPT can be considered as a safe and effective measure to reduce periodontal inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis.
Introducción: La inflamación periodontal causa disbiosis y cambios en la microbiota. La terapia periodontal no quirúrgica (NSPT) ayuda a eliminar la placa y restaurar la salud periodontal. Diversas terapias complementarias, como el uso de enjuague bucal, ayudan a mantener la salud periodontal y reducir la carga inflamatoria. Materiales y Métodos: Un total de 108 sujetos diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y periodontitis se dividieron en tres grupos: el grupo 1 recibió NSPT y enjuague con enjuague bucal de clorhexidina al 0,2% durante 3 meses, el grupo 2 recibió NSPT y enjuague con enjuague bucal de peróxido de hidrógeno al 1,5% durante 3 meses, y el Grupo 3 recibió NSPT únicamente (grupo de control). Los parámetros clínicos medidos fueron el índice de placa (PI), el índice gingival (GI), el sangrado al sondaje (BOP) y al sondaje (PD) al inicio del estudio, 1, 2, y 3 meses de seguimiento. Los niveles de interleucina 1ß en saliva se midieron al inicio y a los 3 meses. Resultado: Los grupos 1, 2 y 3 mostraron una reducción significativa en IP, GI, BOP y PD al mes y 3 meses de seguimiento (p<0,05). Sin embargo, la comparación intergrupal de los parámetros clínicos mostró una reducción significativa en los grupos 1 y 2 en comparación con grupo 3 (p<0,05). Los niveles de interleucina 1-ß salival mostraron una reducción significativa desde el inicio hasta los 3 meses en los tres grupos y la comparación entre grupos no mostró ningún cambio significativo (p>0,05). Conclusión: El enjuague bucal con peróxido de hidrógeno como complemento de la NSPT puede considerarse una medida segura y eficaz para reducir la inflamación periodontal en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y periodontitis crónica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Chronic Periodontitis/therapy , Hydrogen Peroxide/therapeutic use , Mouthwashes/therapeutic use , Oral HealthABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Descrever as evidências científicas acerca do ultrassom à beira do leito, executado pelos profissionais de saúde em ambiente crítico. MÉTODO: Revisão de escopo pautado nas normas e termos metodológicos do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), norteada pela pergunta "Como está descrito na literatura o uso do Point-of-Care Ultrasound - POCUS / ultrassom à beira do leito pelos profissionais de saúde na assistência direta ao paciente crítico?". A busca envolve nove bases de dados e na literatura cinzenta. A seleção de evidências se apresenta em três etapas, e para o gerenciamento das referências dos estudos se utiliza o software Mendeley. A avaliação dos estudos está sustentada nos critérios preestabelecidos de inclusão, e foi realizada por três revisores, sendo dois de modo independente e um terceiro para a preciação das divergências. Os dados extraídos têm apresentação descritiva e sintética dos resultados.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the scientific evidence about bedside ultrasound health professionals performing in a critical environment. METHOD: Scope review based on Joanna Briggs Institute methodological terms and standards, guided by the question "How is the use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound - POCUS / ultrasound at the bedside described in the literature by health professionals in direct care to critical patients?". The search involves nine data bases and in the gray literature. The selection of evidence is in three stages, and the Mendeley software is used to manage study references. The study evaluation is based on the pre-established inclusion criteria and was carried out by three reviewers, two independently and a third, to assess differences. The extracted data has a descriptive and synthetic presentation of the results.
Subject(s)
Ultrasonics , Health Personnel , Critical Care , Point-of-Care Testing , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with important changes in nutritional status. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare body fat composition between two anthropometric methods: skinfolds and ultrasonography, in patients with IBD. Methods: Single-center cross-sectional study with IBD patients in remission or active disease. For the agreement analysis between the body fat assessment methods, the Bland Altman method was used. Results: A total of 101 patients with IBD were included, 75 with Crohn's disease and 26 with ulcerative colitis. Approximately 56% of the patients with Crohn's disease and 65.4% of those with ulcerative colitis had a body fat composition above normal levels, with no significant difference between the diseases (P=0.63). The Bland-Altman concordance analysis showed that the methods for assessing the percentage of fat by the adipometer and ultrasound were not in full agreement (P=0.001), despite both presented good correlation (CC 0.961; P=0.000). Conclusion: The analysis of body fat percentage in patients with IBD was different between the skinfolds and ultrasound. Both methods can be used to assess the of body fat percentage of patients with IBD. However, monitoring of body fat sequentially and longitudinally should always be performed using the same method throughout the disease course. Prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to precisely define the role of these two methods of measuring body composition in patients with IBD.
RESUMO Contexto: As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) estão associadas a alterações importantes no estado nutricional. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a composição da gordura corporal entre dois métodos antropométricos: dobras cutâneas e ultrassonografia, em pacientes com DII. Métodos: Estudo transversal de centro único com pacientes com DII em remissão ou doença ativa. Para a análise de concordância entre os métodos de avaliação da gordura corporal foi utilizado o método de Bland-Altman. Resultados: Foram incluídos 101 pacientes com DII, 75 com doença de Crohn e 26 com colite ulcerativa. Aproximadamente 56% dos pacientes com doença de Crohn e 65,4% daqueles com colite ulcerativa apresentaram composição de gordura corporal acima dos níveis normais, sem diferença significativa entre as doenças (P=0,63). A análise de concordância de Bland-Altman mostrou que os métodos de avaliação do percentual de gordura pelo adipômetro e ultrassonografia não foram totalmente concordantes (P=0,001), apesar de ambos apresentarem boa correlação (CC 0,961; P=0,000). Conclusão: A análise do percentual de gordura corporal em pacientes com DII foi diferente entre as dobras cutâneas e a ultrassonografia. Ambos os métodos podem ser usados para avaliar o percentual de gordura corporal de pacientes com DII. Entretanto, o monitoramento da gordura corporal de forma sequencial e longitudinal deve ser sempre realizado utilizando o mesmo método durante todo o curso da doença. Estudos longitudinais prospectivos são necessários para definir com precisão o papel desses dois métodos de medição da composição corporal em pacientes com DII.
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ABSTRACT Objective The present study aimed to investigate the association of quadriceps muscle thickness, measured by ultrasound, with the nutritional status of critically ill patients in a referral high-complexity trauma care hospital. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the intensive care units in a tertiary hospital in Brazil. The sample comprised 30 critically ill trauma patients admitted between February and March 2022. The methodology involved evaluating muscle mass and comparing nutritional status through mid-upper arm circumference measurements and ultrasound assessments. Specifically, the quadriceps muscle thickness was quantified using ultrasound at a predefined site between the iliac crest and the proximal border of the patella. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated variability in quadriceps muscle thickness between the nutritional status groups, with statistical significance reached after excluding the overweight group (H(2) = 7.532, p=0.023). The moderate malnutrition group exhibited notably lower quadriceps muscle thickness. A positive correlation was found between quadriceps muscle thickness and mid-upper arm circumference adequacy (p<0.05), demonstrating fair to moderately strong correlation (rs=0.531). Conclusion Significant changes in quadriceps muscle thickness were detected by ultrasound assessment in moderate malnutrition patients compared to patients of other nutritional statuses. Ultrasound may be a valuable technique for monitoring muscle integrity in critically ill patients.
RESUMO Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação da espessura do músculo quadríceps, medida por ultrassom, com o estado nutricional de pacientes críticos em um hospital de referência de alta complexidade para o cuidado de traumas. Métodos Um estudo observacional transversal foi conduzido nas unidades de terapia intensiva de um hospital terciário no Brasil. A amostra compreendeu 30 pacientes críticos de trauma admitidos entre fevereiro e março de 2022. A metodologia envolveu a avaliação da massa muscular e a comparação do estado nutricional por meio de medições da circunferência do braço e avaliações por ultrassom. Especificamente, a espessura do músculo quadríceps foi quantificada usando ultrassom em um local pré-definido entre a crista ilíaca e a borda proximal da patela. Resultados O teste de Kruskal-Wallis indicou variabilidade na espessura do músculo quadríceps entre os grupos de estado nutricional, com significância estatística alcançada após a exclusão do grupo com sobrepeso (H(2)=7.532, p=0,023). O grupo com desnutrição moderada exibiu um resultado menor em espessura do músculo quadríceps. Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva entre a espessura do músculo quadríceps e a adequação da circunferência do braço médio-superior (p<0,05), demonstrando uma correlação de razoável a moderadamente forte (rs=0,531). Conclusão Mudanças significativas na espessura do músculo quadríceps foram detectadas pela avaliação de ultrassom em pacientes com desnutrição moderada em comparação com pacientes de outros estados nutricionais. O ultrassom pode ser uma técnica valiosa para monitorar a integridade muscular em pacientes críticos.
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RESUMO Comparar a medida ultrassonográfica de distância da aproximação do osso hioide no momento do pico máximo da deglutição entre indivíduos saudáveis e disfágicos neurogênicos e verificar o efeito das consistências do alimento no deslocamento do osso hioide. Estudo clínico prospectivo controlado. Foram realizadas avaliações ultrassonográficas da deglutição orofaríngea em 10 adultos com diagnóstico de disfagia orofaríngea e 10 adultos saudáveis, pareados por sexo e faixa etária. Para tanto, foi utilizado ultrassom portátil com transdutor microconvex 5-10 MHz, além de estabilizador de cabeça. As imagens ultrassonográficas foram gravadas pelo software Articulate Assistant Advanced a uma taxa de 120 quadros/segundo. Foram utilizadas as consistências de alimentos nível 0 (volume livre e 5 mL) e nível 4 (5 mL), conforme as recomendações do International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative. A distância foi mensurada no momento do pico máximo da deglutição entre a parte inferior do osso hioide e a inserção do músculo milo-hioideo. Cálculos de média e o desvio padrão foram utilizados na análise descritiva, enquanto o teste ANOVA de medidas repetidas foi aplicado na análise inferencial.Resultados evidenciaram que indivíduos disfágicos apresentaram menor elevação do osso hioide, marcada por maior distância da aproximação do osso hioide no momento do pico máximo da deglutição quando comparados aos indivíduos saudáveis, independentemente da consistência alimentar ofertada. Concluiu-se que a medida ultrassonográfica de distância da aproximação do osso hioide no momento do pico máximo da deglutição mostrou menor elevação laríngea em indivíduos com disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica quando comparados aos indivíduos saudáveis para todas as consistências alimentares ofertadas.
ABSTRACT To compare the ultrasound measurement of distance from the approximation of the hyoid bone during of the maximum deglutition peak between healthy individuals and neurogenic dysphagic individuals and to verify the effect of food consistencies on the displacement of the hyoid bone. Prospective, controlled clinical study. Ultrasound recordings of the oropharyngeal deglutition were conducted in 10 adults diagnosed with oropharyngeal dysphagia and in 10 healthy adults, matched by sex and age group. A portable ultrasound model Micro ultrasound system with a microconvex transducer 5-10 MHz, coupled to a computer as well as the head stabilizer were used. The ultrasound images were recorded using the AAA software (Articulate Assistant Advanced) at a rate of 120 frames/second. Food consistencies level 0 (free volume and 5 mL) and level 4 (5 mL) were used, based on the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDSSI). The calculation of the mean and standard deviation was used for the descriptive analysis, while the repeated measures ANOVA test was used for the inferential analysis. Results showed dysphagic individuals had lower elevation of the hyoid bone marked by a longer distance from the approximation of the hyoid bone during of the maximum deglutition peak when compared to healthy individuals, regardless of the food consistency offered. It was concluded that the ultrasound measurement of distance from the approximation of the hyoid bone during of the maximum deglutition peak showed less laryngeal elevation in individuals with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia when compared to healthy individuals for all food consistencies offered.
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Abstract Objective The purpose of the present study is to compare intraoperative blood loss, operating time, laminectomy time, hospital length of stay, and complications in thoracolumbar spinal decompression using ultrasonic bone scalpels (UBSs) with conventional procedures. Methods Forty-two patients who underwent decompressive laminectomy and pedicular screw fusion with a surgical level of 1-5 levels between February 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022, in a single institution were evaluated for eligibility, and 11 were excluded due to a history of spinal surgery (n= 3), spinal tumor (n= 3), and spinal infection (n= 5). A total of 31 patients were randomly divided into the UBS group (n =15) and the conventional group (n =16). Intraoperative blood loss, operating time, laminectomy time, hospital length of stay, and complications were recorded. Results Intraoperative blood loss and laminectomy time were significantly lower in the UBS group (656.0 ± 167.6 ml, 54.5 ± 27.4 minutes, respectively) than in the conventional group (936.9 ± 413.2 ml, 73.4 ± 28.1 minutes, respectively). Overall operation time, hospital length of stay, and complications were all similar between the groups. Conclusion The UBS is a useful instrument for procedures performed near the dura mater or other neural tissue without excessive heat or mechanical injury. This device is recommended for various spinal surgeries in addition to high-speed burrs and Kerrison rongeurs.
Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo é comparar perda de sangue intraoperatória, tempo de operação, tempo de laminectomia, tempo de internação hospitalar e complicações na descompressão espinhal torácica utilizando bisturis ósseos ultrassônicos (BOUs) em relação aos procedimentos convencionais. Métodos Quarenta e dois pacientes submetidos a laminectomia descompressiva e fusão pedicular do parafuso com um nível cirúrgico de 1 a 5, entre 1° de fevereiro de 2020 e 30 de junho de 2022 em uma única instituição, foram avaliados para elegibilidade e 11 foram excluídos devido ao histórico de cirurgia espinhal (n= 3), tumor espinhal (n= 3) e infecção espinhal (n= 5). Perda de sangue intraoperatória, tempo de operação, tempo de laminectomia, tempo de internação e complicações foram registradas. Resultados A perda de sangue intraoperatória e o tempo de laminectomia foram significativamente menores no grupo BOU (656,0 ± 167,6 ml, 54,5 ± 27,4 min, respectivamente) do que no grupo convencional (936,9 ± 413,2 ml, 73,4 ± 28,1 min, respectivamente). O tempo de funcionamento total, o tempo de internação e as complicações foram todos semelhantes entre os grupos. Conclusão O bisturi ósseo ultrassônico é um instrumento útil para procedimentos realizados próximos à dura-máter ou outro tecido neural sem calor excessivo ou lesão mecânica. Este dispositivo é recomendado para várias cirurgias de coluna vertebral, juntamente com rebarbas de alta velocidade e pinça Kerrison.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thoracic Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Decompression, Surgical , LaminectomyABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the temperature changes that the different methods of agitation of irrigants promote on the external dental root surface. Nine extracted human lower premolars were standardized by cone-beam computed tomography and used. The root canal was instrumented with a Reciproc 40.06 file. Temperature measurement was performed using K-type thermocouple sensors attached to the middle, cervical, and apical thirds of the teeth. The teeth had their roots immersed in distilled water at 37ºC, which were distributed into 3 experimental groups according to the mechanical agitation methods to be studied. US Group (n=3), Irrisonic Ultrasonic Tip activated through ultrasound; EC Group (n=3), Easyclean Tip coupled to a contra-angle low-speed handpiece; XP Group (n=3), XP-endo Finisher file coupled to an endodontic electrical motor. Temperature measurements were performed simultaneously with agitation and irrigation of intracanal irrigants. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software with a significance level of 5%. For multiple comparisons, the Tukey test was used. The association between mechanical agitation methods and root third was statistically significant. Regarding the temperatures recorded on the external surface of the roots, the ultrasonic tip was significantly higher than the XP-endo Finisher file and the Easyclean tip, which did not differ from each other. Regarding the ultrasonic tip, the external temperature in the middle third (39.46ºC) of the root was significantly lower than in the cervical (40.41ºC) and apical third (40.53ºC). None of the agitation methods of irrigants studied presented heating above 47ºC, and their use is safe for periodontal tissues.
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as mudanças de temperatura que os diferentes métodos de agitação de irrigantes promovem na superfície externa da raiz dentária. Nove pré-molares humanos extraídos foram padronizados por tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico e usados. O canal radicular foi instrumentado com uma lima Reciproc 40.06 de 25 mm. A medição da temperatura foi realizada usando sensores termopares do tipo K fixados nos terços médio, cervical e apical dos dentes. Os dentes tiveram suas raízes imersas em água destilada a 37ºC, as quais foram distribuídas em 3 grupos experimentais de acordo com os métodos de agitação mecânica a serem estudados. Grupo US (n=3), Ponta Irrisonic Ultrasonic ativado por ultrassom; Grupo EC (n=3), Ponta Easyclean acoplada a um contra-ângulo de baixa rotação; Grupo XP (n=3), Lima XP-endo Finisher acoplada a um motor elétrico endodôntico. As medições de temperatura foram realizadas simultaneamente com agitação e irrigação de irrigantes intracanal. A análise estatística foi realizada no software SPSS com nível de significância de 5%. Para comparações múltiplas, foi utilizado o teste de Tukey. A associação entre métodos de agitação mecânica e terço radicular foi estatisticamente significativa. Em relação às temperaturas registradas na superfície externa das raízes, a ponta ultrassônica foi significativamente maior que a lima XP-endo Finisher e a ponta Easyclean, que não diferiram entre si. Com relação à ponta ultrassônica, a temperatura externa no terço médio (39,46ºC) da raiz foi significativamente menor do que nos terços cervical (40,41ºC) e apical (40,53ºC). Nenhum dos métodos de agitação dos irrigantes estudados (Irrisonic, XP-endo Finisher e Easyclean) apresentou aquecimento acima de 47ºC, sendo seu uso seguro para os tecidos periodontais.
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Abstract Root canal infections are typically polymicrobial and involve strong bacterial interactions. The goal of endodontic treatment is to remove infected content from the root canal system to allow the healing of a pre-existing periapical lesion or to prevent infection of the periradicular tissues. Instrumentation alone is not capable of touching all of the root canal walls. Therefore, the irrigation process is an essential step in the endodontic treatment. However, due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system, this cleaning is very challenging. Although syringe and needle irrigation associated with the use of chemical substances is still the most used method, it does not guarantee optimal cleaning of the root canals. As a result, not only alternative irrigating substances but also numerous activation systems - which are technologies that aim to optimize the action of irrigating substances, both chemically and physically - have been developed. This work aimed to review the characteristics of both classic and current alternatives of irrigating substances and irrigation activation systems.
Resumo As infecções dos canais radiculares são tipicamente polimicrobianas e envolvem fortes interações bacterianas. O objetivo do tratamento endodôntico é remover o conteúdo infeccioso do sistema de canais radiculares, a fim de permitir a cicatrização de uma lesão periapical pré-existente ou prevenir a infecção dos tecidos perirradiculares. A instrumentação por si só não é capaz de tocar todas as paredes dos canais radiculares, desta forma a irrigação é uma etapa essencial no tratamento endodôntico. No entanto, devido à complexa anatomia do sistema de canais radiculares, essa limpeza é muito desafiadora. Embora a irrigação convencional com seringa e agulha, fazendo o uso de substâncias auxiliares seja o método mais utilizado, ela não garante a limpeza ideal dos canais radiculares. Como resultado, foram desenvolvidos inúmeros sistemas de ativação que visam otimizar a ação das substâncias irrigadoras, tanto química quanto fisicamente. O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar as características das substâncias irrigadoras (clássicas e alternativas) e dos sistemas de ativação destas substâncias.
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Introducción: La aspiración de contenido gástrico representa la principal causa de muerte relacionada con la anestesia. El ultrasonido gástrico parece ser útil para el estudio del contenido gástrico, en especial en situaciones donde no existen o se desconocen las condiciones de ayuno. Objetivo: Describir la utilidad del ultrasonido para la valoración del contenido gástrico preoperatorio. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda estructurada en las bases de datos Pubmed, Embase, SciELO y Cochrane Library con los descriptores fasting; anesthesia; anesthesia, general; ultrasonics, ultrasonography, stomach (MeSH) Resultados: Se encontraron alrededor de 29 artículos con información relevante para el desarrollo de la presente revisión. Conclusiones: Aunque el ultrasonido gástrico parece ser una técnica útil para el estudio del contenido gástrico, se desconoce su impacto en la incidencia de aspiración neumónica, por lo que se necesitan más estudios para promover su uso rutinario en la práctica clínica.
Introduction: Gastric content aspiration represents the main cause of death related to anesthesia. Gastric ultrasound seems to be useful for studying gastric content, especially in situations where fasting conditions do not exist or are unknown. Objetive: To describe the utility of ultrasound for the evaluation of gastric content. Methods: A structured search was carried out with the descriptors: fasting; anesthesia; general anesthesia; ultrasounds, ultrasonography, stomach (MeSH), in the databases: Pubmed, Embase, SciELO and Cochrane Library. Results: 29 articles were found with relevant information for the development of this review. Conclusions: Although gastric ultrasound seems to be a useful technique for the study of gastric content, the impact that this may have on the incidence of pneumonic aspiration is unknown, so more studies are needed to promote its routine use in clinical practice.
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Objective: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength in different dentine conditions (etched-E, non-etched-N, dry-D and wet-W) of a multimode adhesive (Scotchbond Universal-SU, 3M/ESPE) and a total etching adhesive (Ambar-AB, FGM) using a sonic device (Smart Sonic Device-SD, FGM). Material and methods: In this in vitro study, ninety six sound extracted human molars were divided into 12 groups (n=8) according to different dentine conditions and adhesive systems. Enamel was removed and the middle dentine surfaces were polished. Each adhesive system was applied according to the different dentine conditions, and composite resin blocks were incrementally built up and stored for 24 hours. Specimens were sectioned into sticks and bond strength data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: No effects of sonic application and were observed. In general, AB showed lower results compared to the SU. E and N conditions did not statistically affect the bond strength of SU groups. Dry dentine presented statistically superior bond strength values when compared to wet dentine for SU/E/SD group. Conclusion: Adhesion of dry dentine with multimode adhesive system may be superior to wet dentine with sonic application. The modes of application had no influence in bond strength of studied adhesives.
Objetivo: Evaluar la resistencia de la unión microtensil en diferentes condiciones de dentina (grabado-E, sin grabado-N, seco-D y húmedo-W) de un adhesivo multimodo (Scotchbond Universal-SU, 3M/ESPE) y un adhesivo de grabado total (Ambar-AB, FGM) utilizando un dispositivo sónico (Smart Sonic Device-SD, FGM). Material y Métodos: En este estudio in vitro, noventa y seis molares humanos extraídos sanos se dividieron en 12 grupos (n=8) de acuerdo con diferentes condiciones de dentina y sistemas adhesivos. Se eliminó el esmalte y se pulieron las superficies centrales de la dentina. Cada sistema adhesivo se aplicó de acuerdo con las diferentes condiciones de dentina, y los bloques de resina compuesta se acumularon de forma incremental y se almacenaron durante 24h. Las muestras se seccionaron en barras y los datos de resistencia de la unión se analizaron con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney. Resultado: No se observaron efectos de la aplicación sónica. En general, AB mostró resultados más bajos en comparación con el SU. Las condiciones E y N no afectaron estadísticamente la fuerza de unión de los grupos SU. La dentina seca presentó valores de fuerza de adhesión estadísticamente superiores en comparación con la dentina húmeda para el grupo SU/E/SD. Conclusión: La adhesión de la dentina seca con un sistema adhesivo multimodo puede ser superior a la dentina húmeda con aplicación sónica. Los modos de aplicación no tuvieron influencia en la resistencia de la unión de los adhesivos estudiados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tensile Strength , Dentin-Bonding Agents , Dentin , Ultrasonics , In Vitro TechniquesABSTRACT
Aim: This study investigated the influence in vitro of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) agitation protocols associated or not with DualRinse (HEDP) on the temperature of the solution. Methods: Forty-eight premolars were instrumented and their apical third sealed to allow a closed irrigation system. The teeth remained immersed in a basin of warm water (37°C). The teeth were divided into the groups: G1 (NaOCl+Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI)), G2 (NaOCl/HEDP + PUI), G3 (NaOCl + EasyClean (EC)) and G4 (NaOCl/HEDP + EC). The canals were filled with the respective solutions and after 180 seconds the first temperature measurement was taken (T0). Then, the solutions were agitated, following the different protocols, for 60 seconds and a new measurement was performed (T60). The temperature was measured using a digital thermometer for type "K" sensors that was inserted into the middle third of the teeth. At the end of the measurements, the teeth were sectioned and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The dentinal wall of middle third was graded according to the amount of debris and smear layer remaining on the walls. The results were analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey's multiple comparisons (p<0.05). Results: G1 and G2 had an average increase in temperature of 1.1°C and 1.65°C, respectively (p>0.05). EasyClean caused a decrease in the temperature of the solutions in both groups, without a significant statistical difference with T0 (p>0.05). Regarding cleaning, it was only possible to observe clean dentinal tubules in the groups with the chelator. PUI discretely increased the temperature of the solution, regardless of the solution. The opposite effect was observed after activation with EasyClean. Conclusion: The association of NaOCl with a chelating agent promoted the cleaning of the dentinal tubules
Subject(s)
Root Canal Irrigants , Sodium Hypochlorite , Temperature , Ultrasonics , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Chelating AgentsABSTRACT
Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between quadriceps muscle thickness and functional performance on the 60s sit-to-stand test (60s-STS), the six-minute walk test (6MWT), and handgrip strength in non-dialytic stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that evaluated 40 CKD patients aged between 30-70 years. Participants were submitted to an assessment that included quadriceps muscle thickness evaluated by a portable ultrasound. Functional performance tests included the 60s-STS, distance walked in the 6MWT, and handgrip strength. Also, body composition evaluated using electrical bioimpedance analysis and physical activity level through the short version of International Physical Activity were measured. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between the quadriceps thickness and functional performance. Results: Quadriceps muscle thickness was correlated to 60s-STS (R2 = 43.6%; 95% CI = 0.022 - 0.665; β = 0.34; p = 0.037). Also, a moderate correlation between this muscle thickness and appendicular skeletal muscle (ALM) was found in CKD patients (r = 0.603, p <0.001). No relationship was found between quadriceps muscle thickness with the 6MWT and handgrip strength. Conclusion: Quadriceps muscle thickness is associated to 60s-STS, thus our results demonstrate the repercussions of the disease on the musculoskeletal system.
Resumo Antecedentes: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre espessura muscular do quadríceps e desempenho funcional no teste sit-to-stand de 60s (STS-60s), no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M), e na força de preensão manual em pacientes não dialíticos com doença renal crônica (DRC) estágios 4 e 5. Métodos: Este foi um estudo transversal que avaliou 40 pacientes com DRC com idades entre 30-70 anos. Os participantes foram submetidos a uma avaliação que incluiu a espessura muscular do quadríceps avaliada por um ultrassom portátil. Os testes de desempenho funcional incluíram o STS-60s, a distância percorrida no TC6M e a força de preensão manual. Além disso, foram medidos a composição corporal, avaliada usando a análise de bioimpedância elétrica e o nível de atividade física por meio da versão curta do International Physical Activity. A regressão linear múltipla foi usada para investigar a relação entre a espessura do quadríceps e o desempenho funcional. Resultados: A espessura muscular do quadríceps foi correlacionada com o STS-60s (R2 = 43,6%; IC 95% = 0,022 - 0,665; β = 0,34; p = 0,037). Também foi encontrada uma correlação moderada entre esta espessura muscular e a massa muscular esquelética apendicular (MEA) em pacientes com DRC. (r = 0,603, p <0,001). Nenhuma relação foi encontrada entre a espessura muscular do quadríceps com o TC6M e a força de preensão manual. Conclusão: A espessura muscular do quadríceps está associada ao STS-60s, assim nossos resultados demonstram as repercussões da doença sobre o sistema músculo-esquelético.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of XP-endo Finisher (XP) on removal of the smear layer in root canals by comparing different irrigation protocols. Methods: Seventy-two human single-rooted teeth were similarly instrumented using R25 Reciproc files (VDW, Munich, Germany) applied in reciprocating mode with a VDW GOLD endo motor (VDW, Munich, Germany). The working length was determined at 1 mm short of the apical foramen. The canals were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite during instrumentation. The teeth were divided at random into six groups (n=12). A control group, which was not submitted to the final irrigation protocol, and five experimental groups with different irrigants and agitation techniques: EDTA/File, EDTA/XP, EDTA/Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), Distilled Water (DW)/XP, and DW/PUI). Smear layer removal quality scores were assessed in the apical, middle, and cervical thirds of the root canal based on images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by two-by-two comparisons with the Dunn test (α=5%). Results: EDTA/File, EDTA/PUI, and EDTA/XP groups demonstrated significantly lower scores than the other groups (P<0.05) in all thirds evaluated. No significant difference was observed between the groups in which distilled water was used and the control group in all thirds evaluated (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The XP-endo Finisher file did not increase the efficiency of EDTA in removal of the smear layer in root canals.
RESUMO Objective: Avaliar a eficácia do XP-endo Finisher (XP) na remoção da smear layer em canais radiculares, comparando diferentes protocolos de irrigação. Métodos: Setenta e dois dentes humanos unirradiculares foram similarmente instrumentados usando limas R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) aplicadas no modo reciprocrantes em um motor endodôntico VDW GOLD (VDW, Munich, Germany). O comprimento de trabalho foi determinado a 1 mm aquém do forame apical. Os canais foram irrigados com 5 mL de hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% durante a instrumentação. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos (n=12). Um grupo controle, que não foi submetido ao protocolo final de irrigação, e cinco grupos experimentais com diferentes irrigantes e técnicas de agitação: EDTA/Lima, EDTA/XP, EDTA/Irrigação Ultrassônica Passiva (IUP), Água destilada (AD)/XP, e AD/IUP). Os escores de qualidade de remoção da camada de smear layer foram avaliados nos terços apical, médio e cervical do canal radicular com base em imagens obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido de comparações dois a dois pelo teste de Dunn (α = 5%). Resultados: Os grupos EDTA/lima, EDTA/PUI e EDTA/XP demonstraram escores significativamente menores que os outros grupos (P <0,05). Não foi observada diferença entre os grupos que utilizaram água destilada e o grupo controle em todos os terços avaliados (P> 0.05). Conclusão: A lima XP-endo Finisher não aumentou a eficiência do EDTA na remoção da smear layer em canais radiculares.
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Abstract Background: Fontan circulation can be associated with significant morbidity, especially Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE). Echocardiographic parameters can provide valuable diagnostic information about a patient's risk of developing PLE after Fontan surgery. Objectives: To describe echocardiographic/ultrasonographic parameters associated with PLE in patients after Fontan surgery through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Methods: A literature search was performed in electronic databases to identify relevant studies about echocardiographic parameters and PLE prediction in children after Fontan surgery. The search terms used were: "echocardiography", "ultrasonography", "Fontan," and "protein-losing enteropathy". A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 653 abstracts were obtained from electronic databases and bibliographic references. From these, six articles met criteria to be included in the qualitative analysis and three in the quantitative (meta-analysis). The resistance index in the superior mesenteric artery was described in three studies, and the quantitative analysis showed statistical significance (p < 0.001). Other echocardiographic and ultrasonographic parameters were also described, albeit in single studies not allowing a meta-analysis. Conclusion: This systematic review with meta-analysis identified echocardiographic and ultrasonographic parameters related to PLE in patients with Fontan physiology. Vascular ultrasonography seems to play a prominent role in this aspect, but additional studies are needed to increase the degree of evidence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Protein-Losing Enteropathies/diagnostic imaging , Fontan Procedure/methods , Echocardiography/methods , Ultrasonography/methods , Fontan Procedure/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasonography (US) (POCUS) has been used in several specialties, particularly in medical emergency. Despite the confirmation of its numerous benefits, the use of POCUS is still timid in nephrology. In the present study, we aim to investigate the use of POCUS by Brazilian nephrologists. Methods: A survey carried out among the members of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology, through institutional e-mail, using the SurveyMonkey platform. We included 12 self-administered questions, which answers were given anonymously. Results: It was evident that the majority (64%) of the participants did not have the opportunity to practice US during their nephrological training in their residency, specialization, or even in internships; those with experience with US use the method mainly for implanting central vascular accesses (68%), performing a renal biopsy (58%) and evaluating renal morphology (50%); and the main barriers for nephrologists who do not yet use US are the high price of US machines (26%) and the lack of time to learn about US (23%). Also, POCUS use for examinations of other organs, such as the lung (31%) and heart (18%), which are fundamental in the cardiovascular and volume assessment of patients with kidney diseases, is even more limited. However, 95% of the participants expressed an interest in learning POCUS for use in their medical practice. Conclusion: Most of the Brazilian nephrologists interviewed were not trained in US; however, almost all of the research participants expressed an interest in learning to use POCUS in nephrological practice.
Resumo Introdução: A ultrassonografia (US) pointof-care (POCUS) tem sido utilizada emvárias especialidades, particularmente na urgência médica. Apesar da constatação de seus numerosos benefícios, a utilização da POCUS ainda é tímida na nefrologia. No presente estudo, objetivamos fazer um levantamento sobre a utilização da POCUS pelos nefrologistas brasileiros. Métodos: Levantamento realizado entre os sócios da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia, por meio do e-mail institucional, utilizando a plataforma SurveyMonkey. Foram incluídas 12 perguntas autoadministradas, cujas respostas se deram de forma anônima. Resultados: Ficou evidente que a maioria (64%) dos participantes não teve oportunidade de praticar a US durante sua formação nefrológica na residência, especialização ou mesmo em estágios; que aqueles com experiência com a US usam o método, principalmente, para implantação de acesso vascular central (68%), realização de biópsia renal (58%) e avaliação da morfologia renal (50%); e que as principais barreiras para os nefrologistas que ainda não utilizam a US são o preço elevado das máquinas de US (26%) e a falta de tempo para aprender sobre US (23%). Além disso, o uso da POCUS para exames de outros órgãos, como pulmão (31%) e coração (18%), fundamentais na avaliação cardiovascular e volêmica dos pacientes com doenças renais, ainda é mais limitado. Porém, 95% dos participantes expressaram interesse em aprender a POCUS para aplicação na sua prática médica. Conclusão: A maioria dos nefrologistas brasileiros entrevistados não foi treinada em US, contudo, a quase totalidade dos participantes da pesquisa manifestou interesse em aprender a utilizar a POCUS na prática nefrológica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Point-of-Care Systems , Nephrology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ultrasonography , NephrologistsABSTRACT
Abstract: Accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) in root canal irregularities may negatively impact adequate root canal disinfection. In light of this, the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) to reduce AHTD has been largely studied in in vitro studies, which have adopted different analytic methods of varying accuracy to determine the extent of AHTD more correctly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare how well PUI and non-activated irrigation (NAI) systems perform in reducing AHTD during final irrigation protocols, based exclusively on studies whose analyses used microCT scanning. A systematic search of the studies published up to April 2020 was performed using MeSH terms and free terms, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS (Lilacs and BBO) and Embase. The inclusion criteria consisted of laboratory studies that evaluated the amount of AHTD, and compared PUI with NAI protocols using microCT analysis. The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed critically by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan software program (P<0.05), and included studies providing the standardized mean difference (SMD), using a fixed effect model, and adopting a confidence interval of 95%. In all, 3495 studies were identified, three of which met the inclusion criteria. All three were considered as having a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis comparing the ability of PUI and NAI protocols to remove hard tissue debris showed a higher percentage of AHTD reduction (P<0.01) for PUI, with a confidence interval of 1.41 [0.79, 2.02]. The heterogeneity among the studies was 82% (I2). Considering the limitations of the present study, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed that PUI was more effective than NAI in removing hard tissue debris, based exclusively on studies that used microCT scanning to provide a more precise analysis of the two techniques used. The findings presented in the present study reinforce the concept that PUI can increase residue removal and improve the cleanliness of the root canal in endodontic treatments.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: to relate ultrasound images with auditory-perceptual data on vocal quality settings in adult speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: the corpus consisted of speech samples (sentences contained in the instructional material of the Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme - VPAS-PB) from seven adult subjects of both genders, recorded simultaneously by acoustic and ultrasonographic means. Data analysis was based on auditory-perceptual judgments of vocal quality and ultrasound images generated by the AAA software. Results: vocal quality settings related to the position of the tongue body and the extension of the tongue and jaw found correspondences to the contours of ultrasound images of the tongue in selected key segments (oral vowels), especially those with greater degrees of manifestation. Conclusion: there were correspondences between vocal quality settings detected in the perceptual sphere and their respective tongue body and jaw ultrasound images.
RESUMO Objetivo: relacionar imagens de ultrassonografia com dados perceptivo-auditivos de ajustes de qualidade vocal em adultos falantes do português brasileiro. Métodos: o corpus foi constituído por amostras da fala (sentenças constantes do material instrutivo do roteiro Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme -VPAS-PB) de sete sujeitos adultos de ambos os gêneros, gravadas simultaneamente por meios acústico e ultrassonográfico. A análise dos dados versou dos julgamentos perceptivo-auditivos da qualidade vocal e imagens ultrassonográficas geradas pelo software AAA. Resultados: ajustes de qualidade vocal referentes à posição do corpo da língua e à extensão de língua e de mandíbula encontraram correspondências aos contornos de imagens ultrassonográficas da língua em segmentos chave eleitos (vogais orais), especialmente aqueles em maiores graus de manifestação. Conclusão: ajustes de qualidade vocal detectados na esfera perceptiva com respeito a corpo de língua e mandíbula encontram correspondência com as imagens de ultrassom.
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of scaling procedures using different ultrasonic tips on the surface roughness, color stability and bacterial accumulation of lithium disilicate ceramic. Material and Methods: Scaling procedure was carried out using ultrasonic scaler (Satalec, Acteon, North America) with stainless-steel tip (US), titanium tip (UT) and plastic tip (UP), on disc shaped lithium disilicate samples cemented into a cavity prepared onto the labial surface of freshly extracted bovine teeth (10 samples per group). The samples were stored in coffee solution in an incubator at 37°C for 12 days, which is equivalent to 1 year of coffee consumption. The surface roughness was measured before and after the scaling procedure using a profilometer and atomic force microscopy. The color parameters were measured before and after scaling and staining procedures using VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 according to the CIE L*a*b* color order system. The samples were then incubated with Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) suspension. After incubation, the plates with 30 to 300 typical colonies of S. mutans were counted in a colony counter and mean values of colony forming units were obtained (CFU/mL). Results:The titanium scaling tip showed a statistically significant higher mean values of change in surface roughness ΔRa and bacterial count than the plastic scaling tip. Color changes (ΔE) were not a statistically significant among the groups. The results showed a statistically significant positive (direct) correlation between surface roughness and color change (p = 0.012) and also between surface roughness and bacterial count (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, titanium scaling instruments cause irreversible surface alterations of lithium disilcate ceramics which was in direct correlation to the color changes and bacterial accumulation; therefore, dentists should proceed with caution when scaling lithium disilicate surfaces. The findings of the current study may indicate the need for instruments or equipment that can remove plaque and calculus without causing surface damage (AU)
Introdução: Avaliar o efeito de procedimentos de raspagem com diferentes pontas de ultrassom na rugosidade superficial, estabilidade de cor e acúmulo bacteriano em cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio. Material e Métodos: O procedimento de raspagem foi realizado usando um aparelho de ultrassom (Satalec, Acteon, América do Norte) com ponta de aço inoxidável (US), ponta de titânio (UT) e ponta de plástico (UP), em amostras de dissilicato de lítio em forma de disco cimentadas em uma cavidade preparada na superfície vestibular de dentes bovinos recém-extraídos (10 amostras por grupo). As amostras foram armazenadas em solução de café em incubadora a 37 ° C por 12 dias, o que equivale a 1 ano de consumo de café. A rugosidade da superfície foi medida antes e após o procedimento de raspagem usando um perfilômetro e um microscópio de força atômica. Os parâmetros de cor foram medidos antes e depois dos procedimentos de raspagem e armazenagem no café usando VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 de acordo com o sistema de ordem de cores CIE L*a*b*. As amostras foram incubadas com suspensão de Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Após a incubação, as placas com 30 a 300 colônias típicas de S. mutans foram contadas em contador de colônias e obtidos os valores médios das unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC / mL). Resultados: A ponta de titânio mostrou valores estatisticamente maiores de mudança na rugosidade da superfície ΔRa e contagem de bactérias do que a ponta de raspagem de plástico. A mudança de cor (ΔE) não foi estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Os resultados mostraram uma correlação positiva (direta) estatisticamente significativa entre rugosidade superficial e alteração de cor (p = 0,012) e também entre rugosidade superficial e contagem bacteriana (p = 0,00). Conclusão: Dentro das limitações deste estudo, os instrumentos de raspagem de titânio causam alterações irreversíveis na superfície das cerâmicas de dissilicato de lítio que estão em correlação direta com as mudanças de cor e o acúmulo de bactérias. Portanto, os dentistas devem proceder com cautela ao realizar raspagem em superfícies de dissilicato de lítio. Os resultados deste estudo podem indicar a necessidade de instrumentos ou equipamentos que possam remover a placa e cálculo sem causar danos à superfície. (AU)
Subject(s)
Surface Properties , Ultrasonics , Bacterial Adhesion , Dental Scaling , ColorABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el hallazgo de una masa interlabial en una niña crea dudas en cuanto a su etiología. Las glándulas de Skene son unas glándulas de pequeño tamaño que se localizan en la cúpula de la vagina. El quiste del conducto de Skene, es una anomalía congénita con una incidencia de 1 en 7000 nacimientos vivos femeninos. Presentación de caso: paciente femenina, nacida a término, de buen peso, que al examen físico de los genitales presenta una tumoración amarillenta, redondeada, en relación con el meato uretral. Conclusión: los quistes de la glándula de Skene son entidades raras, con múltiples diagnósticos diferenciales, mayormente clínicos, con varias opciones de tratamiento.
ABSTRACT Introduction: the discovery of an interlabial mass in a girl creates doubts concerning its etiology. Skene's glands are small glands located in the dome of the vagina. Skene's duct cyst is a congenital anomaly with an incidence of 1 in 7000 live female births. Case presentation: female patient, born at full term, normal weight, at physical examination of the genitals she presented a yellowish, rounded tumor in relation to the urethral meatus. Conclusion: Skene's gland cysts are rare entities, having multiple differential diagnoses, mostly clinical, with many options of treatment.
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Abstract: The present study investigated the intracanal decontamination and apical extrusion of bacteria and debris from root canals instrumented with rotary and reciprocating systems (ProDesign Logic or ProDesign R), with different file diameters and using conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Eighty extracted mandibular premolars were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and randomly assigned to eight experimental groups according to the root canal instrumentation and irrigation technique employed (n = 10): G1: Prodesign Logic 25.06; G2: Prodesign R 25.06; G3 and G4 were instrumented with the same single-file systems, respectively, using 35.05 diameters and CSI. G5, G6, G7, and G8 were instrumented like the previous groups, but with PUI. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into pre-weighed microtubes. The weight of the empty microtube was subtracted from the final weight to establish the amount of extruded debris. Bacteria from root canals and extruded debris were collected for a microbiological evaluation of colony forming units (CFU/mL). For statistical analyses, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn's tests were used (α = 0.05). All instruments caused extrusion of debris. For irrigation techniques, PUI promoted greater debris and bacterial extrusion (p < 0.05). The CFU/mL count indicated that the instrumentation of the experimental groups were equally effective in the decontamination of the root canal (p > 0.05). The systems tested (regarding file diameter and kinematics) were associated with similar amounts of apically extruded debris and root canal decontamination. PUI was associated with greater debris and bacterial extrusion.