A Cadaveric Study Of Variations In The Urological System

Introduction: Knowledge of anatomical variations of the urinary system is important for urological surgeriesinvolving renal transplant and radiological interpretations. When urologists and clinicians have a soundknowledge of anatomical variations, it eases management, surgical interventions and helps to reducecomplications.Advanced imaging technology is the boon for the patients requiring minimally invasive approaches for variouskidney disorders. These approaches require precise knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of the kidneys,ureters and vascular structures at the hilum of the kidney. Therefore, the objective of this study was to furnish theclinicians with the major anatomical variations of urological system.Method: Ninety adult human cadavers were examined for number, shape and position of kidneys and the uretersover a period of 5 years. Out of these, 85 were males and 15 were female cadavers.Results: Kidneys were bilaterally present in all the cadavers. Hypoplastic kidneys were seen bilaterally in 3.3%cadavers. Out of 90 cadavers, 3 showed bilateral and 6 showed unilateral lobulated kidneys. 2 cadavers showedunilateral (1 L, 1 R) incomplete double ureter. One showed bilateral and 5 showed unilateral accessory renalartery amongst 90 cadavers. Ectopic kidney was seen in one cadaver.Conclusions: Morphological variations in the kidney are very common and are clinically important for urosurgeons

Role of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation nonselective channel in spontaneous contrac-tion of smooth muscles in human isolated ureters / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate effects of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation nonselective channel in the hu-man ureter on the spontaneous contraction of smooth muscles. Methods Four HCN subtypes were detected in human ureteral tissue using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,Western blotting and immunohistochemical. ZD7288,the HCN blocker, was used to observe the changes of ureteral muscle contraction amplitude and frequency by applying the ureteral smooth muscle strip test in vitro. Results HCN1-4 isoforms were all identified in human ureter using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Through the immunohistochemical,HCN channel was found mostly in the urothelium layer and muscular layer of human ureteral wall. ZD7288 significantly decreased the bladder excitation. Conclusion All 4 HCN channel hypotypes exist in the human ureter, and affect the ureteral excitation.

Long-term Result in Ureteroneocystostomy for Complete Duplicated Ureters in Renal Transplantation / 대한이식학회지

Duplicated ureters are the most common congenital malformation of the upper urinary tract, but there are few reports on the transplantation of kidneys with duplicated ureters. We introduce different techniques for the ureteroneocystostomy of double ureters and long-term results. We specifically detail the experience of two patients with duplicated ureters at Bong Seng Memorial Hospital from March 1995 to May 2012. In our first case, the top technique of spatulating and suturing duplicated ureters was applied with the bottom technique for double ureteroneocystostomy. The operation time was 4 hours and 45 minutes, while the ureteroneocystostomy took 32 minutes. In the second case a double-armed 4.0 Vicryl suture was placed on each tip of the ureter and both needles passed from the inside out through the bladder wall. The ureters were pulled into the bladder and the suture was tied on the serosa of the bladder. The operation time was 3 hours and 50 minutes, while the ureteroneocystostomy took 15 minutes. Neither urological complications nor urinary tract infections were observed in the follow-up period and no double-J stent was needed. We therefore conclude that these two techniques are available procedures for handling duplicated ureters, with the technique applied in the second case particularly time-effective.

Ureterocele ectópica em cão: relato de caso / Ectopic ureterocele in a dog: a case report

Relataram-se o quadro clínico, o diagnóstico, o tratamento e o acompanhamento de um cão com ureterocele ectópica e hidronefrose/hidroureter associados. Após as informações obtidas nos exames laboratoriais e de diagnóstico por imagem, o animal foi submetido à ureterocelectomia e à neoureterostomia. O cão apresentou evolução favorável após a conduta terapêutica. Apesar de pouco frequente, a ureterocele deve ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial em animais jovens com histórico de incontinência urinária.

The clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of a dog with an ectopic ureterocele and concomitant hydronephrosis/hydroureter were reported. After the information obtained in laboratory tests and imaging diagnosis, the animal was submitted to ureterocelectomy and neoureterostomy. The dog presented a favorable evolution after the therapy. Although infrequent, the ureterocele should be considered a differential diagnosis in young animals with history of urinary incontinence.