ABSTRACT
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenous RNA molecules with length of more than 200 bp, without specific open reading frame, and almost without protein coding function. LncRNA can regulate gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcription-al, and epigenetic levels. Thus, this molecule affects diverse biological processes. LncRNA may function as an oncogene or anti-onco-gene in urothelial bladder carcinoma. Moreover, this molecule is closely related not only to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of urothelial bladder carcinoma but also to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Progress on the study of lncRNA in bladder cancer and the relationship between lncRNA and occurrence and development of bladder cancer was discussed. A new direc-tion for the exploration of molecular markers and targeted therapies for bladder cancer is provided.
ABSTRACT
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenous RNA molecules with length of more than 200 bp, without specific open reading frame, and almost without protein coding function. LncRNA can regulate gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcription-al, and epigenetic levels. Thus, this molecule affects diverse biological processes. LncRNA may function as an oncogene or anti-onco-gene in urothelial bladder carcinoma. Moreover, this molecule is closely related not only to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of urothelial bladder carcinoma but also to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Progress on the study of lncRNA in bladder cancer and the relationship between lncRNA and occurrence and development of bladder cancer was discussed. A new direc-tion for the exploration of molecular markers and targeted therapies for bladder cancer is provided.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the expression and gene amplification status of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in the different stages of invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma. Methods:Tumor tissues from 49 patients with different stages of invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma were tested by immunohistochemical staining for HER2 and HER2 gene fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results:The number of male patients was higher than that of females. The positive rate of HER2 protein expression was higher in the patients with the higher stage of invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma. However, no gene amplification was observed in all patients. Twelve patients had ployploid chromosome 17. More ployploids were observed in the patients with the higher stage of inva-sive urothelial bladder carcinoma. Conclusion:The increase in the protein expression of HER2 in the invasive urothelial bladder carci-noma patients was not caused by gene amplification. Other transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms were probably involved in the regulation of the HER2 protein.