The value of transcutaneous oxygen pressure/transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure monitoring in early warning of the observing patients in emergency department / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the relevant factors of early warning in emergency patients with high risk of acute sores, explore the application value of transcutaneous oxygen pressure(TcPO2) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure(TcPCO2)monitoring in the early warning of emergency patients with pressure ulcers. Methods This was a study of 186 consecutive emergency patients who were under care in the emergency department. The transcutaneous oxygen/carbon dioxide pressure monitor was used in monitoring the oxygen saturation of the skin of sacrococcygeal region and the chest. Meanwhile,the Braden scale was used in assessing risk factors for pressure ulcers and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was applied to evaluate the early prediction of pressure sore with TcPO 2/TcPCO2 monitor. Results Implementing the logistic regression model with six indicators, this research concluded that TcPO2 CV and PO2 were independent risk factors for the development of Braden scale in patients with high risk. The area under the ROC curve showed that TcPO2 CV had a excellent predictive value for the high-risk group and determined its cut-off value to be 20％. Which means patient with both a value of TcPO2CV over 20％ and a high risk of Braden scale had a larger possibility of pressure ulcers. Conclusions TcPO2 CV was an independent risk factor for patients under emergency care to develop pressure ulcers. A value of TcPO2CV over 20％indicated a high risk of pressure ulcers.

60Co-γ Radiation-induced Population Variation and Cluster Analysis of M1 Generation of Andrographis paniculata / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of 60Co-γ radiation on the botanical traits and property of Andrographis paniculata， and to screen suitable irradiation dose. METHODS： The seeds of A. paniculata were irradiated by 60Co-γ rays with different irradiation doses（0，10，20，50，100，200，300 Gy）. The botanical traits indexes of A. paniculata as seed germination rate， root length， seedling rate， seedling height， leaf area， fresh weight， dry weight， stomata number of lower epidermis of leaf， and its property indexes as the contents of andrographolide， dehydrated andrographolide and chlorophyll， activity of T-SOD enzyme and CuZn-SOD enzyme， were determined after radiation. The coefficient of variation （CV） was calculated. The linear regression analysis was performed for seedling rate， and medial lethal dose was calculated. The correlation analysis was performed between the parameters of botanical trait and quality property with irradiation dose. Cluster analysis was conducted for M1 generation of A. paniculata in different irradiation dose groups by connection method combined with squared euclidean distance. RESULTS： Different irradiation doses showed different effects on botanical traits and property of A. paniculata. According to the average value of CV， the index of botanical traits was ranked as leaf area ＞ fresh weight ＞ dry weight ＞ plant height ＞ root length ＞ stomata number ＞ seedling rate ＞ germination rate； among different irradiation dose groups， the coefficient of variation was ranked as 50 Gy＞200 Gy＞100 Gy＞20 Gy＞10 Gy＞300 Gy＞0 Gy. According to the average value of CV， the index of property was ranked as dehydrated andrographolide content＞andrographolide content＞chlorophyll content＞CuZn-SOD enzyme activity＞T-SOD enzyme activity； among different irradiation dose groups， the coefficient of variation was ranked as 100 Gy＞50 Gy＞200 Gy＞20 Gy＞10 Gy＞300 Gy＞0 Gy. The medial lethal dose was 195.10 Gy. According to the botanical traits， M1 generation of A. paniculata of 7 dose groups could be divided into 4 types. According to the property， M1 generation of A. paniculata of 7 dose groups could be divided into 3 types. CONCLUSIONS： The suitable irradiation dose interval for irradiating A. paniculata is 50-200 Gy.

Mechanics properties of red blood cell measured by atomic force microscope in patients with hypertension / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the mechanical properties of erythrocytes in the patients with hypertension.Methods Venous blood of 32 patients with hypertension were collected and divided into three groups of H1,H2,and H3 (degree Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ),with 8 cases of healthy adults into a control group.Erythrocytes were isolated,the diameter,height and elastic modulus were detected by the atomic force microscope (AFM).Statistical analysis was carried out.Results The RDW-CV of H2,H3 were much larger than the control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01);The height of erythrocyte in H2,H3 groups were lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The elastic modulus of H 1,H2 groups were larger compared with normal erythrocytes (P＜0.05).Furthermore,erythrocytes elastic modulus correlated with RDW-CV (R2=0.629).Conclusion Hypertension could affect the elasticity modulus of erythrocytes.AFM could be an effective tool in measuring the mechanical characteristics of erythrocytes at single cell level.This study investigates the relationship between hypertension and the structure and function of erythrocytes from a biomechanical aspect.

Experimental research on parameters of red blood cells in additive solution leukocytes reduced preserved in navy ship force / 军事医学

Objective To study the changes in red blood cells(RBCs),hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(HCT),mean corpuscular volume(MCV),RBC distribution width variation coefficient(RDW-CV)and RBC distribution width standard deviation(RDW-SD)of leukocyte-poor red blood cells preserved in navy ship force on a long voyage.Methods According to the Requirement of Health Examination for Blood Donors(GB 18467 -2011),red blood cells in additive solution leukocytes reduced were randomly collected from ten healthy voluntary blood donors one day before sailing.Each blood sample was preserved.The relevant parameters were detected as data before sailing.Each blood sample was divided into two parts,one in test group and the other in control group.Samples were taken from the two groups of leukocyte-poor red blood cells for the sampling detection after 21 days of sailing respectively.Results ①After sailing, the concentrations of RBCs and Hb declined in both groups,and the difference of RBC concentrations was not significant(P=0.319),but that of the concentrations of Hb was significant(P=0.002).②After sailing, the concentrations of HCT and MCV increased, but the change of HCT was significant(P=0.015),while that of MCV was insignificant(P=0.051).③After sailing,the concentrations of RDW-SD and RDW-CV were higher,but the change of RDW-SD was significant(P<0.001),while that of RDW-CV was not(P=0.528).Conclusion When leukocyte-poor red blood cells are preserved in navy ship force,the concentrations of RBC and Hb decrease,while the concentrations of HCT,MCV,RDW-SD and RDW-CV increase with the prolongation of preservation.A long voyage has some impact on the parameters of red blood cells in additive solution leukocytes reduced,as is the case with the conventional blood storage refrigerator(4 ±2)℃.

Modelos de regressão com platô na estimativa do tamanho de parcelas em experimento de conservação in vitro de maracujazeiro / Using of regression plateau models in estimation of plot sizes for experiments with passion fruit

A determinação do tamanho de parcela é uma prática pertinente ao planejamento experimental e sua caracterização otimizada, em conjunto com o controle do material experimental, permite a obtenção de resultados com maior precisão e qualidade. Neste trabalho, determinou-se o tamanho de parcelas para experimentos de conservação in vitro de maracujazeiro, em dez ensaios de uniformidade com a espécie Passiflora Giberti N. E. Brown, utilizando-se o modelo de regressão linear segmentado com platô e o modelo de regressão quadrática segmentado com platô, que utilizam a técnica de resposta com platô a modelos que possuam mínimo. Os ensaios de uniformidade foram oriundos de experimento conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 20 unidades básicas (ub), e os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial com três concentrações de sacarose, três concentrações de sorbitol e uma testemunha. A coleta dos dados foi realizada aos 60 dias após a incubação, medindo-se o comprimento das brotações. Os tamanhos de parcelas variaram com o método utilizado, encontrando-se parcelas formadas por seis explantes pelo modelo da regressão linear segmentado com platô e de dez explantes pelo modelo de regressão quadrática segmentado com platô.

The determination of the plot size is a practical question to the experimental design, and its characterization in an optimized way allows obtaining larger precision and quality results. This research aimed to determine the plot size in experiments in vitro that seek the passion fruit plant conservation in ten uniformity assays with the species Passiflora Giberti N. E. Brown. The tests of uniformity came from an experiment conducted in a completely randomized design with treatments in a factorial design with three concentrations of sucrose, three concentrations of sorbitol and a control. Each treatment was considered as a uniformity assay, with 20 basic units. The evaluations of the experiments were done in the 60 days of incubation, being measured the shoots' length. For the estimate of the optimal plot size it was used the models segmented with linear- plateau, and the quadratic-plateau. The plot size varied with the method used, with values from 6 basic units for the linear-plateau model segmented, and from 10 basic units, for quadratic-plateau model.

Avaliação da precisão experimental em ensaios de competição de cultivares de soja / Experimental precision evaluation of soybean cultivar yield trials

Foram usados os dados de produtividade de grãos, de 216 ensaios de competição de cultivares de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], realizados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, nos anos agrícolas 2003/2004, 2004/2005 e 2005/2006, com o objetivo de avaliar a acurácia seletiva e outras 15 estatísticas como medidas do grau de precisão experimental dos ensaios de soja. Os valores mínimo, máximo, média, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação foram obtidos para 16 estatísticas de cada ensaio. A estatística acurácia seletiva, AS=(1-1/F)½, foi correlacionada com as demais estatísticas. Para cada faixa de precisão (baixa, moderada, alta e muito alta), segundo a estatística AS, foi obtida a frequência simples e relativa de ensaios para as diferentes categorias (ciclo, ano, significância entre blocos e entre genótipos) e no geral. Segundo esta estatística, 76,4 por cento dos ensaios de competição de cultivares de soja têm precisão alta e muito alta e apenas 6,9 por cento tem precisão baixa. A estatística acurácia seletiva é adequada para avaliar a precisão experimental dos ensaios de competição de genótipos de soja. Descartar ensaios apenas por ter coeficiente de variação muito alto é uma atitude desaconselhável.

Data of 216 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] yield trials conducted in the State of Rio Grande do Sul during the 2003/04, 2004/05 and 2005/06 were used in order to evaluate the selective accuracy and other 15 statistics as a measurement of the degree of experimental precision of soybean yield trials. The minimum, maximum, average standard deviation and variation coefficient were obtained of 16 statistics in each experiment. The statistics selective accuracy, SA=(1-1/F)½, was correlated with all others. For each precision class (low, moderate, high and very high) according to the selective accuracy, the simple and relative frequency were obtained for each different categories (growth duration, year, significance among blocks and among genotypes) and general frequencies. According to these selective accuracy statistics, 76.4 percent of the soybean yield trials have a high and very high degree of precision whereas and only 6.9 percent have a low precision. The statistics selective accuracy is adequate to evaluate the experimental precision of soybean yield trials. It is not advisable to discard results of experiments for having a variation coefficient considered as too high.

Tamanho ótimo de parcela para experimentos com plantas de mamoeiro em casa de vegetação / Optimal size of plots for experiments with papaya plants under greenhouse conditions

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se a determinação do tamanho ótimo de parcelas em experimentos em casa de vegetação com a cultura do mamoeiro. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios de uniformidade com as cultivares Golden, do grupo Solo, e com o híbrido Tainung Nº 1, do grupo Formosa. Os ensaios foram formados por plantas em sacos de polietileno, dispostas em 10 fileiras, com 10 plantas em cada fila. Entre o período do desbaste e do aparecimento da primeira flor funcional, foram feitas avaliações das variáveis: altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, número de folhas, largura e comprimento de folha madura. Foram simulados diversos tamanhos e formas de parcelas, em que cada planta foi considerada primeiramente como uma unidade básica (parcela) ate 50 plantas por unidade básica. Para a estimação do tamanho ótimo de parcelas empregou-se o método da máxima curvatura modificado. Pode-se concluir que, para os materiais e variáveis estudadas, o tamanho de parcela ótimo deve ser formada por oito plantas.

This work hap the adm was of determining the optimal size of plots of papaya plants in greenhouse experiments. Two uniformity essays with the cultivars Golden, from the Solo group, and the Tainung Nº 1, from the Formosa group, were conducted. The essays were formed by plants in polyethylene plastic bags, placed in 10 lines with 10 plants in each line. Between the cutting period until the appearance of the first functional flower, evaluations of the variables were performed: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and length and width of the mature leaf. Several sizes and plot forms, in which each plant was considered atfirt as a basic unit. Were simulated till fifty plants for basic unity. For the estimation of the optimal size of plots, one applied the methods of maximum modified curvature. One may conclude that, for the materials and variables studied, the optimal plot size may be formed by eight plants.

Dos temas polémicos en el contexto de la medición de las desigualdades en salud / Two controversial topics in the context of health inequality measurement

El artículo se ocupa de dos temas candentes en el ámbito de la medición de las desigualdades con relación a la salud: uno, la disyuntiva entre la medición total de la desigualdad entre todos los individuos de una población o la medición de la desigualdad asociada a grupos socioeconómicos; el otro, el dilema entre medir desigualdades per se, o desigualdades condicionales al nivel total o promedio de salud de la población. En ambos casos se toma partido por la segunda opción. Se razona críticamente a partir de la literatura reciente sobre el tema y se construyen y analizan varios ejemplos ficticios simples en los que se pone de manifiesto, por un lado, la necesidad de medir desigualdades relativas a grupos socioeconómicos debidamente elegidos y por otro, la llamada “paradoja del suceso raro”, que pone en entredicho muchas de las conclusiones sobre los cambios en los niveles de desigualdad, al margen de los niveles promedio de salud en la población.

This article dealt with two hot topics in the context of health inequality measurement: one is the alternative between total measurement of inequalities among all the individuals in a population or the measurement of inequalities associated to socio-economic groups and the other is the dilemma of measuring inequalities per se or inequalities depending on the total or average health level of the population. In both cases, the second option was supported. There was a critical reasoning on the recent literature published about this topic and additionally, several simple and fictional examples were created and analyzed to show, on one hand, the need of measuring inequalities related to duly selected socioeconomic groups and on the other hand, the so-called "paradox of the awkward success" that questions many of the conclusions about changes in levels of inequality, leaving the average health levels of the population on one side.

Coherence Resonance in a Nonlinear Neuronal Model Driven by Correlated Noise / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To investigate the phenomenon of coherence resonance(CR)in a nonlinear integrate-and-fire neuronal model(NIF)induced with correlated voltage-gated channel noise and synaptic noise.Meanwhile,the effects of intensity of the voltage-gated channel noise,intensity of the synaptic noise and the strength of the correlation between noises on coherence resonance are discussed.Methods Based on the adiabatic approximation theory and the two-state theory,the approximate expressions of the probability distribution of neuron first fire(FPD)and the coefficient of variation(CV)of the inter-spike intervals of neuron discharging were obtained.Results It was shown that the FPD and the CV were the function of intensities of the voltage-gated channel noise,intensities of the synaptic noise and the strength of the correlation between noises.Conclusion By choosing appropriate the intensity of noise and the strength of the correlation between noises,the minimum of the CV can be obtained,to make the maximum coherence of system and the phenomenon of coherence resonance will occur.

Corneal Endothelial Cell Change after Phacoemulsification according to the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change of corneal endothelial cell morphology after phacoemulsification according to the degree of the severity of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative 6 months after phacoemulsification, the specular microscopy was performed on all the subjects. The patients were divided into three groups: Group I (n=30 eyes), non diabetic, Group II (n=30 eyes), diabetes with non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and Group III (n=30 eyes), diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). RESULTS: Postoperative corneal endothelial cell density and hexagonality significantly decreased, and cell size variation coefficient increased in all groups compared to preoperative stage (P<0.001). At the postoperative 6 months, corneal endothelial cell density was significantly decreased in all groups (P<0.001). Cell size variations were significantly increased in Group III compared to Group I and Group II (P<0.05), but the percentage of hexagonal cell was not significantly decreased in all groups (P=0.082). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal endothelial cell density significantly decreased and cell size variation coefficient significantly increased in diabetic retinopathy patients undergoing phacoemulsification compared to normal. Therefore, it may be necessary to observe for the postoperative corneal complications in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy after phacoemulsification.