ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To study the protective effect of timosaponin BⅡ（TB-Ⅱ）on blood vessels and explore its possible mechanism. METHODS ：Using aquaculture water as blank control ，the effects of 100，200 and 400 μg/mL TB-Ⅱ treatment for 48 h on the situation of subintestinal veins （SIVs）in normal zebrafish embryos 24 h after fertilization （24 hpf）were investigated. PTK787（0.06 μg/mL），a tyrosine kinase inhibitor ，was used to induce the model of zebrafish intestinal vascular injury ；using combing with 0.1％ dimethyl sulfoxide but no PTK 787 as blank control ，combing with PTK 787 but no drug as model control ，the effects treatment of 100，200 and 400 μg/mL TB-Ⅱ for 48 h on the SIVs of zebrafish model with vascular injury were investigated. Relative expressions of fam-like tyrosine kinase 1（Flt-1），kinase insert domain containing receptor （Kdr），kinase insert domain containing receptor l （Kdr-l），vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A），tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α）and interleukin 6 （IL-6）mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS ：100 μg/mL TB-Ⅱ could significantly increase the sprouting vessel of normal zebrafish SIVs sprouting vessel number （P＜0.05），and 200 μg/mL TB-Ⅱ could significantly increase SIVs number of normal zebrafish （P＜0.05）. Compared with blank control ， SIVs treatment （P＜0.01），and the relative expressions of Flt-l ， Kdr，Kdr-l，VEGF-A，TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were alse decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After treated 化。E-mail：pn333@163.com with different concentrations of TB- Ⅱ ，SIVs number of vascular injury model zebrafish increase d to different extents ；relative expressions of Flt-l ，Kdr，Kdr-l，VEGF-A，TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were increased to different extents. There was no significant difference in SIVs number and the expression of Flt-l ，TNF-α mRNA in zebrafish treated with 100 μg/mL TB-Ⅱ and the expression of TNF-α mRNA in zebrafish treated with 400 μg/mL TB-Ⅱ， but there was statistical significance in other indexes （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：TB-Ⅱ has a certain function of promoting angiogenesis and repairing damaged blood vessels ，and its mechanism is related to the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.
ABSTRACT
La fisiopatología de la hipertensión arterial es compleja, pues intervienen múltiples factores que, en su mayoría, tienen una base genética. Se ha podido mostrar que es el sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA) el que tiene mayor importancia, puesto que condiciona la acción de otros factores humorales y/o neurales, tales como producción de endotelina, la inhibición del óxido nítrico o de la prostaciclina, la acción de catecolaminas o de vasopresina, del factor ouabaína-sensible o FDE, del tromboxano A2 (TxA2) y de diversas sustancias vasopresoras endógenas. Se presenta en este artículo una revisión exhaustiva de lo que conocemos hoy acerca del SRAA. Y se incluye algunas novedades de la investigación del SRAA.
The pathophysiology of hypertension is complex because it involves multiple factors which mostly have a genetic basis. It has been shown that the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS) is the most important factor, since it determines the action of other humoral and/or neural factors such as production of endothelin, inhibition of nitric oxide or prostacyclin, action of catecholamines, vasopressin, ouabain-sensitive factor, thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and various vasopressor endogenous agents. In this article, we present a thorough review of what we know today about the RAAS. We also include some new research on this system.
ABSTRACT
The left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was made by inserting the nylon thread plug into the internal carotid artery. The behavioral score, cerebral infarction area, brain water content, ethidium bromide (EB) spillover, coagulation four indices, occludin and MMP-9 expression in brain tissues were detected after 14 days of administration, to investigate whether the protective effect of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection (GDLMI) which had obvious protective effect on cerebral ischemic injury in the previous experiment was related to reducing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reducing the risk of bleeding, and to explore its possible mechanism of action. The results showed that GDLMI could effectively alleviate the behavioral changes caused by MCAO at 24 h, reduce the behavioral score, improve the edema of brain tissue, reduce the EB overflow rate, reduce the bleeding tendency caused by long-term administration, significantly reduce the occlusion deficiency in ischemic brain tissue of model rats, and down-regulate MMP-9 expression. The above results indicate that GDLMI has obvious effect on cerebral ischemia, and the therapeutic effect of GDLMI may mainly depend on lowering the permeability of blood-brain barrier to improve brain edema.
ABSTRACT
Globally, stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major global disability. In China, it has exceeded heart disease to become the leading cause of death. Thus, it is urgent to prevent and treat stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. At present, except the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) only therapy for ischemic stroke with proven efficacy, the others still lack evidence of evidence-based medicine or their curative effects are insufficient. However, in recent years, Chinese medicine, such as Tongxinluo Capsule, in treatment of ischemic stroke has attracted extensive attention. This article reviewed the research progress in mechanisms of Tongxinluo Capsule in treatment of ischemic stroke from two aspects: vascular protection and neuroprotection.
ABSTRACT
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium is a common Chinese materia medica, with extensive distribution, abundant resource, and high medicinal value. Epidemiologic studies showed that Citrus flavonoid intake can relieve the symptom of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have found that Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and its composition were good to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, including hypolipidemic, anti-fatty liver, anti-thrombusis, anti-atherosclerosis, cardio-cerebral-vascular protection, and anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects closely related to the above. Evidence obtained from these studies indicates that Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium has the potential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.