Wearable technology for electrocardiogram and vectocardiogram using the Dower Transformation / Tecnologia vestível para exames de eletrocardiograma e vetocardiograma utilizando a transformada de Dower / Tecnología vestible para exámenes de electrocardiograma y vetocardiograma utilizando de la transformada de Dower

Objectives: Thousands of people suffer from cardiovascular diseases. Even though the electrocardiogram is an exam consolidated. The lack of methodological observation in the placement of sensors can compromise the results. This article proposes a wearable vest capable of conditioning cardiac signals from three simultaneous channels, reducing the chance of failures in the exam due to the smaller number of electrodes attached to the patient's body. Methods: It adds the vectorcardiogram technique to the electrocardiogram wearable, which consists of three orthonormal derivations Vx, Vy, and Vz, measuring dynamic components of the heart vector. Results: The display of the cardiac biopotential in the web-mobile application represents the visualization of the twelve derivations synthesized from the Dower transform and the spatial projections of the cardiac loop under a three-dimensional view. Conclusion: Feasibility of integrating the vectorcardiogram with the electrocardiogram exam.

Objetivos: Milhares de pessoas sofrem com doenças cardiovasculares, apesar do Eletrocardiograma ser um exame consolidado, a falta de observação metodológica na colocação dos sensores pode comprometer os resultados. O presente artigo propõe um colete vestível capaz de condicionar sinais cardíacos de três canais simultâneos, reduzindo a chance de falhas na execução do exame em função da menor quantidade de eletrodos fixados ao corpo do paciente. Métodos: Acrescenta a técnica do vetocardiograma ao vestível de eletrocardiograma, que consiste em três derivações ortonormais Vx, Vy e Vz, medindo componentes dinâmicos do vetor coração. Resultados: Exibição do biopotencial cardíaco na aplicação web-mobile representa de forma satisfatória a visualização das doze derivações sintetizadas a partir da transformada de Dower, bem como, as projeções espaciais do loop cardíaco sob uma visão tridimensional. Conclusão: Viabilidade de integração do vetocardiograma ao exame de eletrocardiograma.

Objetivos: Miles de personas padecen enfermedades cardiovasculares, a pesar de que el electrocardiograma es un examen consolidado, la falta de observación metodológica en la colocación de sensores puede comprometer los resultados. Este artículo propone una tecnología vestible capaz de acondicionar las señales cardíacas de tres canales simultáneos, reduciendo la posibilidad de fallas en el examen por la menor cantidad de electrodos adheridos al cuerpo del paciente. Métodos: Agrega la técnica del vetocardiograma al electrocardiograma vestible, que consta de tres derivaciones ortonormales Vx, Vy y Vz, midiendo los componentes dinámicos del vector cardíaco. Resultados: La visualización del biopotencial cardíaco en la aplicación web-móvil representa satisfactoriamente la visualización de las doce derivaciones sintetizadas a partir de la transformada de Dower, así como las proyecciones espaciales del bucle cardíaco bajo una vista tridimensional. Conclusión: Viabilidad de integrar el vetocardiograma con el examen electrocardiográfico.

Vectorcardiographic Investigation of Brugada ECG Unmasked by Recording at Higher Intercostal Space

Aims: Brugada syndrome is characterised by ST segment elevation in right precordial leads and associated sometimes with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation leading to sudden cardiac death. Although ECG recording at higher intercostal space unmasks Brugada syndrome, the vectorcardiographic (VCG) mechanisms of this unmasking remain unknown. Place and Duration of Study: Noninvasive ECG laboratory of Heart Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, from November 2013 to April 2015. Methodology: Twelve-lead digital ECG was recorded at standard (4th) and higher (3rd and 2nd) intercostal space in 5 patients with Brugada syndrome. The ECG data were transformed automatically to the VCG data based on the corrected three orthogonal Frank leads (X, Y and Z) and three vector loops of P, QRS and T waves were constructed and projected to the three (horizontal, frontal and right sagittal) orthogonal planes. Results: ST elevation in the standard right precordial leads (V1 to V3) was augmented by the 12-lead ECG recorded at higher intercostal space. Saddle back ST elevation was often converted to coved type ST elevation by this invent. QRS loop was open in all 5 patients, and the maximum J-point vector showed right anterosuperior direction, whereas T loop showed left anteroinferior direction. The J-point vector faced toward and the maximum T vector faced backward the right precordial ECG electrodes, which was accentuated by shifting them to the higher intercostal space. Conclusion: Unmasking of Brugada ECG was explained well even in this small-sample study by the spatial relationship between the orientations of ST-T vector and the standard right precordial ECG electrodes positioned at the higher intercostal space.