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Objective: To observe the changes of lung tissue and lung microbiome in mice after inhalation of vehicle exhaust, and to assess the impact of air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust on the respiratory system of the population. Methods: Ten C57BL/6 mice were divided into experimental group and control group randomly. Experimental group was inflicted with continuous exposure to automobile exhaust for 5 d (1 h/d), while the control group was exposed to clean air. After a 5-day of environmental exposure, the lung microbial composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and the structure of the lung tissue was assessed by histological analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in pathological changes of lung tissue between the experimental group and the control group. However, there were significant differences in the composition and abundance of bacteria in the experimental and control groups. At the phylum level, comparing with the control group the Firmicutes was significantly increased in the experimental group, while the Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly reduced. At the genus level, the increase of the Firmicutes was mainly related to the increase of the Coprococcus. The reduction of the Bacteroidetes was related to the reduction of Cytophaga while the reduction of the Proteobacteria was related to three main strains namely Ochrobactrum, Methylobacterium and Acinetobacter. Amycolatopsis was also reduced significantly. Conclusion: Short-term exposure to vehicle exhaust conditions changes the species composition and abundance of lung microbiome in mice, but no lung tissue lesions were observed.
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Objective·To observe the changes of hmg tissue and lung microbiome in mice after inhalation of vehicle exhaust,and to assess the impact of air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust on the respiratory system of the population.Methods· Ten C57BL/6 mice were divided into experimental group and control group randomly.Experimental group was inflicted with continuous exposure to automobile exhaust for 5 d (1 h/d),while the control group was exposed to clean air.After a 5-day of environmental exposure,the lung microbial composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and the structure of the lung tissue was assessed by histological analysis.Results· There was no significant difference in pathological changes of lung tissue between the experimental group and the control group.However,there were significant differences in the composition and abundance of bacteria in the experimental and control groups.At the phylum level,comparing with the control group the Firmicutes was significantly increased in the experimental group,while the Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly reduced.At the genus level,the increase of the Firmicutes was mainly related to the increase of the Coprococcus.The reduction of the Bacteroidetes was related to the reduction of Cytophaga while the reduction of the Proteobacteria was related to three main strains namely Ochrobactrum,Methylobacterium and Acinetobacter.Amycolatopsis was also reduced significantly.Conclusion-Short-term exposure to vehicle exhaust conditions changes the species composition and abundance of lung microbiome in mice,but no lung tissue lesions were observed.
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Objective To evaluate the inflammatory response in the airway of healthy rats following exposure to motor vehicle exhaust. Methods Sixty healthy SD rats(30 males and 30 females,aged 6 weeks) were randomly divided into 6 groups. The rats in the exposed groups were placed by the main traffic road and those in the control group were placed in the normal laboratory environment. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was analyzed on the 14th,30th and 90th day of exposure .WBC,NO,TNF-?,and IL-8 in BALF of the rats in each group were tested. Results The NO content [(9.75?4.78) ?mol/L] in BALF of the rats in the group exposed for 30 days was obviously higher than that in the control group [(4.40?1.45) ?mol/L],but there was no any obvious difference between the two groups in terms of the content of TNF-? and IL-8 in BALF. Conclusion This study demonstrates that exposure to vehicle exhaust can induce inflammatory response in healthy rats,the on-the-spot experiment on animal exposure can be used to observe early respiratory tract inflammation and 30 days of exposure is the sensitive period for the change of the inflammatory indicators.
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Objective To research the estrogen-like activity of the DDTs and the extract of vehicle exhaust by recombinant yeast system.Methods Being added into the yeast cell culture fluid,the objects reached the final concentration of 10-9～10-15 mol/L for 17?-estradiol,10-4～10-9 mol/L for DDTs(p,p'-DDT,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDD,p,p'-DDE),0.25～8.00 ml/ml for the extract of vehicle exhaust,then the cultivation was performed for 4 hours,the quantitative assay of ?-galactosidase activity accounts for the estrogenlike effect of the samples was carried out.Results DDTs were a group of environmental estrogens hormones,which could integrate estrogen receptors as the stimulators do and express the estrogen-like effect.Being tested separately,the DDTs showed the estrogen-like activity,which was stronger for o,p'-DDT and weaker for p,p'-DDE.The?-galactosidase activity of gasoline-fueled vehicle exhaust at the final concentration of 2.00～4.00 ml/ml was significantly different from that of the DMSO(P
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Objective To explore whether pollutants exposure has a measurable impact on lung function and inflammatory factors level of healthy pupils in vehicle exhaust polluted region. Methods Primary school near the trunk road with a distance no more than 30 meters was selected,and 50 qualified pupils were chosen. A time-series panel study was conducted with these pupils,and the following consecutive five days'study of vehicle exhaust pollution level,3-days’personal exposure measurement and its health effects were carried out in May and November in 2008. Results The main pollutant in this region was motor vehicle exhaust. Compared to May,the value of FVC% declined significantly in November(P=0.02) . And the reduction of the value of FVC% was negatively associated with an increase in NO2 concentrations(P=0.04) . The levels of IL-2,IL-6,IL-8 became lower in November compared with May,and were negatively associated with personal exposure with IL-6 with statistically significant difference(?PM10=-0.62,?NO2=-0.62,?O3=-0.64,?SO2=-0.63) . The levels of TNF-? and IL-4 were positively associated with personal exposure,in which PM10 has the largest regression coefficient with TNF-?(?=0.65,P
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Objective To explored the effects of vehicle exhaust on the cardiovascular system in a panel of 32 middle and old aged people,to discover the sensitive effect indicators of vehicle exhaust. Methods Thirty-two middle and old aged people living near a main road were followed-up,The health-related indicators and individual time-weighted outdoor exposure concentration of air pollutants were determined;The mixed model was used to evaluate association between vehicle exhaust and health indicators of cardiovascular system. Results In single-pollutant models,TNF-? was positively associated with PM10,SO2,NO2 and FVC,IL-6 was negative. The indicators of heart rate variability(HRV) in SDNN(?:-0.57,SE:0.18) ,SDNN index(?:-0.74,SE:0.20) had a strong association with PM10,and NO2 related indicators was SDNN index(?:-0.66,SE:0.17) . In the multi-pollutant model,after adjusting the effect of other pollutants,IL-6 had a positive correlation with PM10;And TNF-? was positively correlated to NO2,SO2;FVC had a negative correlation with PM10. Conclusion The air pollutants of this location show a vehicle exhausts characteristic,and the pollution is serious;TNF-?,IL-6,FVC,SDNN,SDNN index are closely related to exposure of the vehicle exhaust,and can be used to evaluate the effects of vehicle exhaust pollution on the cardiovascular system of the elderly.
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Objective To investigate the exposure level to vehicle exhaust pollution for population by different commuting modes in roadside environment in Wuhan. Methods Eight air monitoring sites were selected in the six main roads in urban area of Wuhan, Hubei province. The concentrations of NO2, CO, total hydro carbon (THC), PM10, benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) emitted from the vehicles were monitored and analyzed in winter and summer of 2007, respectively and combined with breathing rate and time spent of the population in traffic environments, exposure doses of different subpopulation were calculated as indicators in order to evaluate their exposure level to traffic exhaust. Results The PM10 was the primary pollutant on the roadside. Compared with the Ambient Air Quality Standard, the rate of exceeding standard limit for PM10 was 8% in summer and 100% in winter. As for on the roadside, the exposure level for adults was higher than that for the children (P