ABSTRACT
Health-preservation thoughts of the four major schools (Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Medicine) have important reference values for the health preservation and health care industry. The core of health-preservation thought of the Taoism is taking mind training as the focus and physical exercise as the supplementary means, Taoism is nature-admiring, emphasizes the idea of natural laws and inaction and humanity follows natural laws, as well as advocates following nature's courses, realizing the passive inaction, and keeping calmness, also, it advocates the way of keeping good health through preserving vital essence, energy and mentality, in order to achieve the purpose of training vital essence into energy, training energy into mentality and maintaining complete vital essence, energy and vitality. Through long-term development, Medicine has formed a relatively complete set of theoretical and systematic health-preservation methods. The holistic concept of Medicine emphasizes the uniformity among human, nature and society, considers human body as an organic whole, and advocates the health-preservation thoughts of living in harmony with nature, accommodating the four seasons, keeping good circulation of energy and blood, dredging collaterals, nourishing essence and replenishing energy, accumulating healthy energy and repelling pathogenic factors, maintaining the inseparability of the body and spirits, as well as taking proper exercises and keeping mental calmness. Based on the health-preservation thoughts of the four major schools, this paper summarizes the modern health-preservation guiding thoughts of dredging collaterals, nourishing essence, taking exercises and keeping mental calmness, in order to provide the theoretical guidance for traditional Chinese medicine health-preservation services.
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ABSTRACT The Brazilian Savanna biome has the largest plant diversity among savannas worldwide and is the predominant biome in Goiás state, Brazil. Among plant species previously catalogued in the Brazilian Savanna, the Myrtaceae family has received attention, as these plants show great economic potential for its medicinal properties, food and ecological importance, highlighting in this context the Psidium genus. In order to contribute to the differentiation of problematic taxonomic groups, such as Myrtaceae, and to quality control of its plant material, morphological and venation leaf studies of four species of Psidium were performed. For this purpose, leaf samples of Psidium firmum O.Berg., P. myrsinites DC., P. laruotteanum Cambes., and P. guineense Sw. were collected from Goiás State University, Anápolis Air Base, and Serra de Caldas Novas State Park and submitted to classical techniques for morphological and leaf venation characterizations. The results showed that P. firmum presents brochidodromous secondary veins, marginal last venation of the fimbrial type, an abaxial surface with a grooved midrib, flat secondary veins on both sides, an apex obtuse to mucronate, and a rounded base. P. guineense presents trichomes on both surfaces, a grooved midrib on the adaxial surface and a prominent midrib on the abaxial surface, which distinguishes this species from all other Myrtaceae species examined in the present study. The species P. guineense and P. firmum presented a set of differential leaf characteristics among the others taxa of the genus, clearly separating these plants in the morphological identification key.
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ABSTRACT The leaves extracts of some species of Bauhinia L. s.l. are consumed to treat diabetes, inflammation, pains and several disorders in traditional medicine in austral South America. Despite its wide use and commercialization, sale is not controlled, and botanical quality of samples is not always adequate because of plant misidentification and adulteration. Here, we characterized leaf vein pattern in nineteen taxa to contribute to the recognition and commercial quality control of plant material commercially available. The vein characters intercostal tertiary and quinternary vein fabric, areole development and shape, free ending veinlet branching and marginal ultimate venation allowed to distinguish the main medicinal species in the region.
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This study was aimed to establish an identification method between leaflets of Dimocarpus longan and leaflets of Litchi chinensis. The leaflet morphological-venation pattern (LMVP) and quantitative analysis were reliable identification method for Chinese herbs. The results showed that the main differences of leaflets of Dimocarpus lon-gan were the eucamptodromous camptodromous pinnate venation; the secondary veins gradually changed into little near margin and a few brochidodromous; the type of tertiary vein was percurrent or reticulate. The main differences of leaflets of Litchi chinensis were brochidodromous camptodromous pinnate venation; the course of the secondary veins was sinuous or zigzag, and abruptly curved then linked; the type of tertiary vein was reticulate. With three groups of key differences mentioned above, both plants can be successfully identified from each other. The accuracy of identification results (AC) was from 98.1% to 100%. The agreement rate for observation (ARO) was from 98.5% to 100%. And the Kappa value was from 0.97 to 1.00. It was concluded that the established LMVP is simple, rapid, e-conomic and reliable in the identification between leaflets of Dimoc arp us longan and leaflets of its confused herb Litchi chinensis.
ABSTRACT
VFP Database Management System was applied in the establishment of the first Chinese Medicine Leaf Morphological-venation Pattern (LMVP) Identification Database Management. It stores 46 species of Chinese medicine confusing LMVP identification criteria (characteristics) and its 10 kinds of basic information, as well as 117 families with a total of 358 species of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and plant references document when study-ing in the TCM identification and methodology. It can provide query identification criteria (features), literature, and data for statistical analysis. It is the technology platform for the implementation, promotion and improvement of LMVP identification method, and further development on LMVP data mining. This database has a simple structure, multiple functions and applications, convenient management and maintenance, which are suitable for teaching.
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The present research aimed to evaluate the foliar morphology (morphometry and leaf venation) of origins of maté collected in southern Brazil and Argentina. For the study of the morphometry, thirty leaves/plant were analyzed, and five measurements (leaf total length, maximum width, length from the base until maximum width, area and petiole length) and two indices were obtained (total leaf length on maximum width and length from basis until maximum width on total leaf length). The leaves were clarified by the clarification technique and examined in stereomicroscope. The highest and lowest values of leaf morphometry were, respectively, 118 and 67 mm for total leaf length, 51 and 34 mm for maximum width, 78 and 42 mm for length from the base until the maximum width, 16 and 10 mm for petiole length, 2.3 and 2 mm for total length on maximum width, and 0.65 and 0.6 for length from the base until the maximum width on total leaf length. In regards to leaf venation, differences between leaves of different origins were not observed, which presented pinnate primary venation; semicraspedodromous secondary venation, alternate percurrent and sinuous tertiary venation, regular polygonal reticulate quaternary venation and dichotomizing 5tha vein category
O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a morfologia foliar (morfometria e nervação foliar) de procedências de erva-mate coletadas no Sul do Brasil e Argentina. Analisaram-se 30 folhas de cada procedência, obtendo-se cinco medidas (comprimento total da folha, largura máxima, comprimento desde a base até a largura máxima, comprimento do pecíolo e área) e calculando-se dois índices (comprimento total sobre a largura máxima e comprimento desde a base até a largura máxima sobre o comprimento total da folha). Para a nervação foliar, as folhas foram clarificadas por meio da técnica de diafanização. Os maiores e menores valores morfométricos foram, respectivamente, 118 e 67 mm para comprimento da folha, 51 e 34 mm para largura máxima, 78 e 42 mm para comprimento desde a base até a largura máxima, 16 e 10 mm para comprimento do pecíolo, 2,3 e 2 mm para comprimento sobre largura máxima e 0,65 e 0,6 para comprimento desde a base até a largura máxima sobre o comprimento da folha. Quanto à nervação foliar, não foram observadas diferenças entre as folhas das distintas procedências, as quais apresentaram nervação primária penada, nervação secundária semicraspedódroma, nervuras terciárias com percurso alternado e sinuoso, nervação quaternária reticulada, constituída por polígonos regulares e nervação de 5ª ordem dicotomizante