Review of mortality of very low birthweight infants at the University Hospital of the West Indies over the past four decades / Examen de la mortalidad en neonatos de peso muy bajo al nacer en el Hospital de West Indies en las últimas cuatro décadas

A review of two previously published studies done at the University Hospital of the West Indies, an unpublished study and annual perinatal statistics was conducted to detect trends in the mortality of very low birthweight infants at the institution over four decades. Mortality decreased from 54% to 38% over the time period, the decrease was greater for infants weighing 1001-1500 g (40%) than those weighing ≤ 1000 g (28%). Despite increased access to mechanical ventilation over time, there was no appreciable decrease in mortality for infants weighing ≤ 750 g. There was a statistically significant decrease in mortality with increasing birthweight for the time period 1987-2002, p < 0.001. The mean ± SD weight of survivors 1.18 ± 0.24 kg was significantly greater than that for non-survivors 0.89 ± 0.21 kg for the same period. Further decrease in mortality of very low birthweight infants will involve measures aimed at decreasing mortality in infants weighing ≤ 750 g and increasing the availability of parenteral nutrition and the accessibility of surfactant.

Se llevó a cabo un examen de dos estudios previamente publicados realizados en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies, un estudio inédito, y las estadísticas perinatales anuales, con el propósito de detectar las tendencias en la mortalidad de los neonatos de muy bajo peso al nacer en la institución en un período de cuatro décadas. La mortalidad disminuyó de 54% a 38% durante ese periodo de tiempo. La disminución fue mayor para los infantes que pesaban 1001-1500 g (40%) que para aquellos que pesaban ≤ 1000 g (28%). A pesar del aumento del acceso a la ventilación mecánica con el tiempo, no se produjo una disminución apreciable en la mortalidad de infantes cuyo peso era ≤ 750 g. Hubo una disminución estadísticamente significativa de la mortalidad en relación con el aumento del peso en el período de 1987-2002, p < 0.001. El peso ± SD promedio de los sobrevivientes (1.18 ± 0.24 kg) fue significativamente mayor que el de los no sobrevivientes (0.89 ± 0.21 kg) para el mismo periodo. Una ulterior disminución de la mortalidad en neonatos de muy bajo peso al nacer implicará medidas encaminadas a disminuir la mortalidad en neonatos de peso ≤ 750 g y a aumentar la disponibilidad de la nutrición parenteral y la accesibilidad de los surfactantes.

Physeal Growth Arrest Caused by Thromboembolism of the Right Femoral Artery in a Premature Infant / 대한정형외과학회잡지

The known causes of premature physeal growth arrest are trauma, infection, tumor, antibiotics, radiation and vascular insult. We report here on a premature, very low birth-weight infant who was complicated with premature physeal arrest of the proximal and distal tibial physis after severe limb ischemia due to thromboembolism of the right femoral artery. This case suggests that a severe ischemic state of the lower extremity might cause premature physeal arrest in premature infants.

Riesgo de morbimortalidad neonatal de recién nacidos < 1500 g asociado al volumen de pacientes, personal médico y de enfermería: una investigación multicéntrica latinoamericana / Patient volume, medical and nursing staffing and its relationship with risk-adjusted outcomes of vlbw infants in 15 Neocosur neonatal network Nicus

Objetivo. Evaluar si la morbilidad y mortalidad de los neonatos <1500 g se relacionan con el volumen de pacientes atendidos y el número y capacitación del personal médico y de enfermería,y si existen diferencias entre centros públicos y privados. Población, material y métodos. Los quince centros del Grupo Colaborativo Neocosur se clasificaron según el número de nacimientos anualesde <1500 g en: <50 (bajo), 50-100 (medio) y >100 (alto), y su condición de públicos o privados. Se analizaron la base de datos y se realizó una encuesta sobre indicadores de actividad, número, carga laboral y capacitación del personal médico y de enfermería.Las medidas de resultados fueron muerte antes del egreso y morbilidades: hemorragia intracraneana (HIC), retinopatía del prematuro (ROP),displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) y sepsis tardía. Resultados. Entre enero 2005 y diciembre 2007 hubo 2019 neonatos <1500 g. La media (DE) de mortalidad fue 23,24 por ciento (8,48); las medianas (intervalo intercuartílico) fueron: DBP 20,8 por ciento(15-43), ROP mayor o igual III 5, 6 por ciento (2,7-8,5), HIC, mayor o igual III 7,3 por ciento(6-14) y sepsis tardía 23 por ciento (15,4-29). Los centros con menos RN < 1500 g tuvieron la tasa de sepsis tardía más elevada (p: 0,004). Los centros con mayor número de nacimientos presentaron mayo rriesgo de HIC y ROP y contaban con más pediatras neonatólogos. Los centros medios tuvieron mayor número de jornadas completas de enfermería. Siete centros tuvieron una relación enfermera-cuna <0,77.Conclusiones. Los resultados neonatales están relacionados con el volumen de actividad y el nivel de los profesionales, especialmente enfermeras y auxiliares. No hubo diferencias significativas entre centros públicos y privado.

Introduction. Few studies have attempted to evaluate the relationship between medical and nursing staffing and neonatal outcomes providinginconclusive evidence. The purpose wasto assess whether morbidity and mortality of VLBW infants are associated with levels of patientvolume, provision and training of medical and nursing, and if exist differences between public and private centers. Material and methods. Neonatal outcomes of all VLBW inborn infants consecutively admitted to 15 South-American NICUs between 2005and 2007 were retrospectively studied. Data of patient volume and provision of medical & nursing resources were obtained from questionnaires.Outcome measures: death before discharge, incidence of severe IVH, BPD, ROP and late onset sepsis, adjusted for initial risk (Neocosurscore). Units were categorized using total annual number of newborns <1500 g (low <50, medium 50-100, and high >100) and in publicand private centers. Results. 2019 preterms were admitted. Mean(SD) gestational age, birth weight and initial risk were 28.9 (0.7) weeks, 1088 (53) g and 0.24 (0.04) respectively. Mortality varied among units and ranged between 6 to 38% (mean 23.2%), as well as other outcomes (median, intercuartil range[ICR]): severe IVH 7.3% (6-14); BPD 20.8% (15-43); ROP ≥ III 5.6% (2.7-8.5); late sepsis 23% (15-29).Staff provision were: daily medical hours (median, ICR) 2.6 (1.4-4.0), full-time (>40 h/week) equivalent physicians (mean, SD) 15(8), dailynurse hours 6.1 (4.3-7.9), full-time (>40 h/week) equivalent nurses 32 (22-56) and nurses-to-infant ratio 0.78 (0.52-0.92). Median daily NICU censuswas 9.8 (8.9-12). A low medical hours provision was significantly associated with increased mortality (OR 1.30 [95%CI: 1.04-1.76], p= 0.020); on the other hand low nurse provision was significantly associated with increased risk of mortality, adjusted by motherage and initial risk (trained NIC 1.52 [1.16 -1.99], nurses-to-infant ratio 1.81 [1.40-2.33])...

Small babies on a small island: survival of very low birthweight infants in Antigua and Barbuda 1986 to 2006 / Bebés pequeños en islas pequeñas: supervivencia de infantes con muy bajo peso al nacer en Antigua y Barbuda, de 1986 a 2006

INTRODUCTION: Recent attention has been focussed on pregnancy outcomes in developing countries, with the publication of the World Health Organization Report 2005, Make Every Mother and Child Count and the Neonatal Survival Series from the Lancet in 2005. Scant outcome data from the smaller islands of the Caribbean exist for very low birthweight (VLBW) babies (birthweight < 1500 g). PATIENTS AND METHODS: a retrospective review of mortality data on vlbw babies in antigua and barbuda was performed. antigua and barbuda had a population of 71 500 with per capita income of (us) $6054 dollars in 1998. in november 1985, a neonatal special care nursery (scn) was established. the survival to discharge from scn for vlbw babies was reviewed from january 1986 to december 2006. RESULTS: there were 26 455 babies born from 1986 to 2006; 344 (1.3%) were vlbw babies. survival to scn discharge was 45% from 1986 to 1992, 46% from 1993 to 1999, and increased to 60% from 2000 to 2006 (p < 0.05 compared with the first two time-periods). babies from 1000 to 1499 g accounted for 64% of vlbw babies and survival to scn discharge was 60% from 1986 to 1992, 58% from 1993 to 1999, and increased to 83% from 2000 to 2006 (p < 0.01 compared with the first time period; p < 0.001 compared with the second). babies < 1000g accounted for 36% of VLBW babies and survival to SCN discharge was 10% from 1986 to 1992, increased to 25% from 1993 to 1999 and to 28% from 2000 to 2006 (trend of p < 0.10 compared with first time period). conservative newborn care only was available. antenatal steroids were given from 2000 to 2006. CONCLUSION: the outlook for vlbw babies using conservative newborn care techniques has significantly improved over 21-years in antigua and barbuda.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Recientemente se ha centrado la atención en los resultados del embarazo en los países en vías de desarrollo, a partir de la publicación del Informe 2005 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, Que cada madre y cada niño cuente y la Serie de Supervivencia Neonatal de la Lancet en 2005. Son escasos los datos de resultados existentes en las islas más pequeñas del Caribe, acerca de los bebés con muy bajo peso al nacer (MBPN) (peso al nacer < 1500 g). PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: se llevó a cabo una revisión retrospectiva de datos sobre la mortalidad de bebés mbpn en antigua y barbuda. antigua y barbuda tenían una población de 71 500 con un ingreso per cápita de $6054 usd en 1998. en noviembre de 1985, se creó una sala de cuidados especiales del Recién Nacido (SCN). La supervivencia en término de los bebés MBPN dados de alta de la SCN fue examinada de enero de 1986 a diciembre de 2006. RESULTADOS: De 1986 a 2006, hubo 26 455 bebés nacidos; de ellos 344 (1.3%) fueron bebés MBPN. La supervivencia en término de las altas de la SCN fue de 45% de 1986 a 1992, 46% de 1993 a 1999, y aumentó a 60% de 2000 a 2006 (p <0.05 en comparación con los primeros dos períodos de tiempo). Los bebés de 1000 a 1499g representaron el 64% de los bebés MBPN y la cifra de los supervivientes dados de alta del SCN fue de 60% de 1986 a 1992, 58% de 1993 a 1999, y aumentó a 83% de 2000 a 2006 (p < 0.01 en comparación con el primer periodo de tiempo; p <0.001 en comparación con el segundo). Los bebés <1000 g representaron el 36% de los bebés MBPN, y la supervivencia en términos de los dados de alta de la SCN fue 10% de 1986 a 1992, aumentó a 25% de 1993 a 1999, y a 28% de 2000 a 2006 (la tendencia de p <0.10 en comparación con el primer periodo de tiempo). Sólo hubo disponible atención neonatal conservadora Se administraron esteroides antenatales desde el año 2000 al 2006. CONCLUSIÓN: El pronóstico para MBPN usando técnicas de cuidado neonatal conservadoras ha mejorado significativamente a lo largo de 21 años en Antigua y Barbuda.

Neonatal outcomes of very low birthweight infants from spontaneous and indicated preterm delivery / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To analyse neonatal outcomes of the very low birthweight infants born to women who underwent an indicated preterm delivery and spontaneous preterm delivery. METHODS: We performed an observational study of 150 very low birthweight(<1500 grams) infants delivered at Samsung Medical Center. The study population was limited to singleton infants without major congenital anomalies. The primary reason for delivery was categorized as indicated preterm delivery or spontaneous preterm delivery. Selected neonatal outcomes were compared between infants born to women in each of these groups. RESULTS: Univariate analyses showed some survival benefits in infants born to women who underwent indicated preterm delivery. Selected neonatal outcomes, however, did not differ between the groups in the multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: There was no survival advantage to the very low birthweight infants born to women who underwent an indicated preterm delivery compared to those born to women with spontaneous preterm delivery.

Effects of Stressed Pregnancies on Preterm Neonatal Outcomes / 대한주산의학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether fetuses delivered prematurely because of pregnancy complications had a different neonatal outcomes than that of those bom after either spontaneous preterm labor or after premature rupture of membrane. METHODS: The study design was a retrospective analysis of 150 very low birthweight(<1500 grams) infants and their mothers who delivered preterm neonates at Samsung Medical Center. Only singleton infants without major congenital anomalies were included. The primary reason for delivery was categorized as preterm delivery because of pregnancy complications(indicated preterm delivery) or spontaneous preterm delivery. Selected neonatal outcomes were compared between infants born to women in each of these groups. RESULTS: There were some survival benefits in infants born to women who underwent indicated preterm delivery from univariate analyses. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, however, selected neonatal outcomes did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: We concluded that a "stressed" pregnancies confer negligible survival advantage to the very low birthweight infants.