Propuesta de implementación de sistema de vigilancia sanitaria de medicamentos de uso veterimario en etapa postcomercialización / Proposed implementation of health surveillance system for veterinary use drugs on stage postmarketing

El presente trabajo de grado tiene como objetivo general: Proponer la implementación del sistema de vigilancia sanitaria de medicamentos de uso veterinario en etapa postcomercialización en los expendios agropecuarios de los mercados principales del Municipio Bolivariano Libertador, Distrito Capital. Metodológicamente, la investigación se ubicó dentro del paradigma cuantitativo y cualitativo, bajo la modalidad de proyecto factible, de tipo descriptiva y con un diseño de campo. La elección de la muestra respondió al criterio de la investigadora, estuvo representada por el total de la población de los expendios agropecuarios que comercializan en los mercados principales del Municipio Bolivariano Libertador, Distrito Capital. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la técnica de la entrevista y como instrumento el cuestionario estructurado y una guía de observación durante el segundo trimestre Mayo-Junio 2013. Luego de la aplicación de los procedimientos de análisis a través de la matriz DOFA, se concluye que: los alcances de la acción reguladora del sistema de vigilancia, no responde de manera eficiente al fortalecimiento de los vínculos interinstitucionales para la vigilancia, prevención y control en los expendios agropecuarios. Posterior a ello, se hizo necesaria la elaboración de una propuesta para la implementación del sistema de vigilancia sanitaria de medicamentos de uso veterinario mediante la creación de dos coordinaciones dentro de la dirección de Salud Animal del ente regulador y el diseño de instrumentos de inspección enmarcados dentro de la Ley para dar cumplimiento al objetivo general de la propuesta: Proponer un sistema de vigilancia sanitaria para medicamentos de uso veterinario en la etapa post-comercialización en los expendios agropecuarios de los mercados principales del Municipio Bolivariano Libertador del Distrito Capital..

The present degree work has as general aim: To propose the implementation of the sanitary surveillance system of medicines for veterinary use in the post-marketing stage in the agricultural expenditures of the principal markets of the Bolivarian Municipality of Libertador, Capital District. Methodologically, the investigation was located inside the quantitative and qualitative paradigm, under the modality of feasible project of descriptive type with a field design. The election of the sample answered to the criterion of the investigator, it was represented by the whole population of the agricultural expenditures that commercialize inside the principal markets of the Bolivarian Municipality of Libertador, Capital District. The compilation of the information was performed applying the interview and as a resource the constructed questionnaire and observation guide during the second trimester of the year, May - June, 2013. After the application of the analysis procedures by the SWOT analysis, there concludes that: the goals of the regulatory action of the surveillance system, does not answer in a very efficient way to the strengthening of the interinstitutional links for the surveillance, prevention and control inside the agricultural expenditures. Later, it was necessary the elaboration of a proposal for the implementation of the sanitary surveillance system of medicines for veterinary use by means of the creation of two coordinations Inside the Animal Health Direction of the regulatory entity and the design of inspection instruments framed inside the Law, in order to fulfill the general aim of the proposal: To propose a sanitary surveillance system of medicines for veterinary use in the post-marketing stage inside the agricultural expenditures of the principal markets of the Bolivarian Municipality of Libertador, Capital District.

Rationalizing antibiotic use to limit antibiotic resistance in India.

Antibiotic resistance, a global concern, is particularly pressing in developing nations, including India, where the burden of infectious disease is high and healthcare spending is low. The Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership (GARP) was established to develop actionable policy recommendations specifically relevant to low- and middle-income countries where suboptimal access to antibiotics - not a major concern in high-income countries - is possibly as severe a problem as is the spread of resistant organisms. This report summarizes the situation as it is known regarding antibiotic use and growing resistance in India and recommends short and long term actions. Recommendations aim at (i) reducing the need for antibiotics; (ii) lowering resistance-enhancing drug pressure through improved antibiotic targeting, and (iii) eliminating antibiotic use for growth promotion in agriculture. The highest priority needs to be given to (i) national surveillance of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use - better information to underpin decisions on standard treatment guidelines, education and other actions, as well as to monitor changes over time; (ii) increasing the use of diagnostic tests, which necessitates behavioural changes and improvements in microbiology laboratory capacity; (iii) setting up and/or strengthening infection control committees in hospitals; and (iv) restricting the use of antibiotics for non-therapeutic uses in agriculture. These interventions should help to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance, improve public health directly, benefit the populace and reduce pressure on the healthcare system. Finally, increasing the types and coverage of childhood vaccines offered by the government would reduce the disease burden enormously and spare antibiotics.