TRACING THE ROOTS OF AGGRESSIVE VIOLENT BEHAVIOR AND APPREHENSION ANXIETY AMONG SPORTS PERSONS: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

gressive violent behavior and apprehension anxiety are two common mental health issues that sports persons often experience. These issues can have negative effects on the sports persons' performance, as well as their overall well-being. This paper aims to explore the roots of these mental health issues and their relationship with sports participation. There are various factors that contribute to aggressive violent behavior among sports persons. One major factor is the intense competition that is inherent in sports. Sports persons often feel pressure to win, which can lead to frustration and aggression. Additionally, some athletes may have a predisposition towards aggression due to genetics or past experiences. Apprehension anxiety is another issue that many sports persons face. This anxiety can be caused by a variety of factors, including fear of failure, fear of injury, or fear of public speaking. Sports persons may also experience anxiety due to the high expectations placed on them by coaches, fans, and teammates. Furthermore, social and cultural factors can contribute to these issues among sports persons. The culture of sports may glorify aggression, which can lead sports persons to believe that aggression is necessary to succeed. Additionally, social pressures can lead sports persons to suppress their emotions, leading to increased levels of anxiety and aggression. It is important for sports organizations and coaches to recognize the causes of these mental health issues and to implement strategies to prevent and address them. By addressing these issues, sports organizations can help sports persons to perform at their best while also maintaining their mental well-being.

Violent behavior, perceived safety, and assault experiences among adolescents: results from the Brazilian National Adolescent School-based Health Survey

Objective To investigate factors associated with violent behavior in a large nationally representative sample of Brazilian adolescents. Methods The data were derived from the 2015 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar [PeNSE]). The independent variables of interest included feelings of safety while on the way to and at school. The outcome was violent behavior, including bullying. Logistic regression models were developed to examine the relationship between violent behavior and each independent and control variable. Results In the adjusted regression model, male sex (aOR: 1.75; 95%CI 1.65-1.86), being assaulted by a family member (aOR: 1.74; 95%CI 1.59-1.90), and being assaulted in the past year (aOR: 1.70; 95%CI 1.57-1.85) all increased the chance of violent behavior. Feeling safe on the way to school (aOR: 0.82; 95%CI 0.74-0.92) and at school (aOR: 0.82; 95%CI 0.73-0.92) reduced the chance of violent behavior. Conclusion This study extends the body of literature on violent behavior among adolescents, demonstrating a correlation between school, domestic, family, or community violence and violent behavior. Our research supports the idea that adolescents who experience violence act violently with greater frequency. This finding has significant implications for pediatricians, child psychiatrists and psychologists, other health care professionals, school professionals, and other professionals involved in adolescent health. School professionals must be prepared to identify adolescents with violent behavior due to its potential consequences for their mental and physical health.

The relationship between anxiety and depression mood and substance abuse history in male prisoners / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of substance abuse history on anxiety and depression of male prisoners during their imprisonment, and its relationship with violent behavior.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 455 prisoners from October to November 2019.Self-administered personal substance abuse history questionnaires were used to collect the information on substance abuse (alcohol, tobacco, and drug use). The generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to investigate anxiety and depression.All subjects were divided into substance abuse group ( n=871) and non substance abuse group ( n=584) according to whether they had a history of substance abuse or not.SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The statistical methods were t-test, chi square test and Logistic regression analysis. Results:(1)The scores of GAD-7 ((4.95±5.88) vs (3.35±5.33), t=-5.407, P<0.01) and PHQ-9 ((6.69±6.50) vs (4.48±5.73), t=-6.821, P<0.01) scales in the substance abuse group were higher than those in the no-substance abuse group.(2)Somatic disease( β=0.700, OR=2.014, 95% CI=1.599-2.538, P<0.05), history of alcohol abuse( β=0.434, OR=1.543, 95% CI=1.176-2.025, P<0.05), history of tobacco abuse( β=0.387, OR=1.473, 95% CI=1.154-1.880, P<0.05), age ≤ 45( β=0.372, OR=1.450, 95% CI=1.118-1.881, P<0.05) were the risk factors of anxiety among prisoners.Somatic disease( β=0.686, OR=1.986, 95% CI=1.581-2.496, P<0.05), history of tobacco abuse( β=0.488, OR=1.629, 95% CI=1.286-2.063, P<0.05), age ≤ 45( β=0.484, OR=1.622, 95% CI=1.260-2.089, P<0.05), history of alcohol abuse( β=0.344, OR=1.410, 95% CI=1.073-1.854, P<0.05) were the risk factors of depression among prisoners.(3) Years of education ≤ 9 years( β=0.900, OR=2.459, 95% CI=1.855-3.261, P<0.05), age ≤ 45( β=0.788, OR=2.199, 95% CI=1.690~2.860, P<0.05), unmarried( β=0.683, OR=1.980, 95% CI=1.421-2.759, P<0.05), history of alcohol abuse( β=0.308, OR=1.361, 95% CI=1.053-1.758, P<0.05), history of drug abuse( β=0.557, OR=1.745, 95% CI=1.055-2.885, P<0.05) were risk factors for violent behavior of prisoners. Conclusion:The history of substance abuse may be a risk factor for anxiety and depression of prisoners during their imprisonment.Alcohol and drug abuse are both factors influencing the occurrence of violent behavior.

Factores diferenciales entre desistimiento individual y colectivo de mujeres de las FARC-EP en prisión / Differential factors between individual and collective desistance of FARC-EP women in prison / Fatores diferenciais entre a desistência individual e coletiva das mulheres das FARC-EP na prisão

Para el año 2017 se encontraban vigentes en Colombia dos marcos jurídicos para promover el desistimiento y desarticulación de las FARC-EP. Los dos, aunque desde contextos diferentes, han promovido, por un lado, el desistimiento individual y por otro, el desistimiento colectivo de sus miembros. Las mujeres han sido partícipes de ambos procesos, desde la libertad o la prisión de manera minoritaria y asimétrica en comparación con los hombres. Con el interés de analizar este fenómeno, el presente estudio buscó identificar los factores que llevaron a las mujeres a desistir según una u otra modalidad y de-terminar diferencias y similitudes. Para este propósito se diseñó un modelo probabilístico que captara las relaciones de causalidad entre desistimiento y factores predichos desde las teorías del aprendizaje social, de la elección racional y del control social informal, en una muestra de mujeres farianas en prisión que desistieron de forma individual y colectiva. Se encontró que factores como pertenecer a un rango de edad entre 20 y 31 años, tener pareja y haber participado en delitos graves, asociados al terrorismo, influyeron en la selección de la modalidad individual, mientras que tener más de 31 años, participar en delitos comunes junto a los asociados con el terrorismo, incluyendo el narcotráfico, y proceder de regiones con historia de conflicto arraigada predijeron el desistimiento colectivo.

By 2017, there were two legal frameworks in force in Colombia to promote the disbanding and dismantling of the FARC-EP. Both, although from different contexts, have promoted, on the one hand, the individual disbandment and, on the other, the collective disbandment of its members. Women have participated in both processes, from freedom or prison, in a minority and asymmetrical manner compared to men. In order to analyse this phenomenon, this study sought to identify the factors that led women to desist in one or the other modality and to determine differences and similarities. For this purpose, a probabilistic model was designed to capture the causal relationships between desistance and factors predicted from the theories of social learning, rational choice and informal social control, in a sample of women in prison who desisted individually and collectively. It was found that factors such as belonging to an age range between 20 and 31 years, having a partner and having participated in serious crimes associated with terrorism, influenced the selection of the individual modality, while being over 31 years old, participating in common crimes along with those associated with terrorism, including drug trafficking, and coming from regions with a history of deep-rooted conflict predicted collective desistance.

Até 2017, havia duas estruturas legais em vigor na Colômbia para promover a dissolução e o desmantelamento das FARC-EP. Ambos, embora de contextos diferentes, têm promovido, por um lado, a dissolução individual e, por outro, a dissolução coletiva de seus membros. As mulheres participaram de ambos os processos, da liberdade ou da prisão, de forma minoritária e assimétrica em relação aos homens. A fim de analisar este fenômeno, este estudo procurou identificar os fatores que levaram as mulheres a desistir em uma ou outra modalidade e determinar diferenças e semelhanças. Para este fim, um modelo probabilístico foi projetado para capturar as relações causais entre a desistência e os fatores previstos a partir das teorias de aprendizagem social, escolha racional e controle social informal, em uma amostra de mulheres na prisão que desistiram individual e coletivamente. Constatou-se que fatores como pertencer a uma faixa etária entre 20 e 31 anos, ter um parceiro e ter participado de crimes graves associados ao terrorismo, influenciaram a seleção da modalidade individual, embora tendo mais de 31 anos de idade, participar de crimes comuns juntamente com aqueles associados ao terrorismo, incluindo o tráfico de drogas, e vindo de regiões com um histórico de conflitos profundamente enraizados preveram a desistência coletiva.

Retorno social de la inversión tras eliminar la transmisión vertical de chagas, VIH/sida, HB y sífilis: caso de un municipio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires / Social Return on the investment of the elimination of the vertical transmission of Chagas, HIV / AIDS, HB and Syphilis: Case of a Municipality of the Province of Buenos Aires

Resumen Introducción: se busca cuantificar los retornos de la inversión asociados a una intervención en el sistema público de salud de un municipio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, consistente en el fortalecimiento de la estrategia denominada Eliminación de la Transmisión Maternoinfantil de la Infección por VIH, Sífilis, enfermedad de Chagas Congénita e Infección Perinatal por Hepatitis B (ETMI-PLUS). Metodología: el estudio (cuantitativo) se basa en la metodología de Retorno Social de la Inversión (RSI). Se establecieron definiciones ad-hoc para la medición de los retornos sobre la base de los datos disponibles provenientes de diversas fuentes: información primaria de la Secretaría de Salud del MAB; tasas de transmisión congénita de cada enfermedad notificados al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Salud; presupuestos detallados de los recursos asignados al proyecto por parte de la Fundación Mundo Sano y costos de tratamientos e insumos de nomencladores oficiales. Resultados: por cada peso invertido para reforzar la ETMI-PLUS en el MAB, se obtuvo un retorno de casi 4 pesos, gracias a las mejoras en la eliminación vertical de las cuatro enfermedades y al descenso de las complicaciones cardiacas en las mujeres embarazadas diagnosticadas con chagas y tratadas oportunamente. Conclusiones: estos resultados sugieren la existencia de una relación retorno-inversión favorable, analizada bajo una perspectiva conservadora, ya que, se incluyen exclusivamente los ahorros para el sistema de salud y se excluyen otras dimensiones de los retornos vinculadas con las mejoras en los resultados alcanzados.

Abstract Introduction: we seek to quantify the returns on investment associated with an intervention in the public health system of a Municipality of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This intervention consists of strengthening the strategy for the Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection, Syphilis, Congenital Chagas Disease and Perinatal Hepatitis B Infection, a strategy called ETMI-PLUS. Methodology: the study (quantitative) is based on the Social Return on Investment (RSI) methodology. Ad-hoc definitions are established for the measurement of returns based on the information available from various sources: primary information from the Ministry of Health of the MAB; rates of congenital transmission of each disease reported to the National Health Surveillance System; detailed budgets of the resources assigned to the project by Fundación Mundo Sano and costs of treatments and supplies from official nomenclators. Results: for each argentinean peso invested in strengthening the ETMI-PLUS in the MAB, a return of almost 4 pesos would have been obtained thanks to the improvements in the vertical elimination of the 4 diseases and the reduction of cardiac complications in pregnant women.Conclusions: these results suggest the existence of a return / investment relationship favorable to the intervention, analyzed under a conservative analysis since savings for the health system are exclusively included and other dimensions of returns associated with improvements in results are excluded.

The mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between trait anger and aggressive behavior among male prisoners / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between trait anger and aggressive behavior among male violent prisoners.Methods:A sample of 268 male violent prisoners completed self-report measures of the trait anger scale (TAS), Toronto alexithymia scale-20 (TAS-20) and the Chinese college students' version of Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire. SPSS 23.0 software and Mplus 8.0 software were used to test the mediating effect.Results:The total scores of trait anger, aggressive behavior and alexithymia were (17.75±4.93), (52.15±10.61)and (70.90±19.40), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that trait anger was both significantly positively correlated with aggressive behavior ( r=0.67, P<0.01) and alexithymia ( r=0.40, P<0.01), and there was also a significantly positive correlation between alexithymia and aggressive behavior ( r=0.55, P<0.01). Multivariate hierarchical regression analysis showed that trait anger directly predicted aggressive behavior ( β=0.67, P<0.01) after controlling the influence of alcohol addiction. Emotional recognition disorder played a partially mediating role in the relationship between trait anger and aggressive behavior ( β=0.18, 95% CI=0.11-0.27). Conclusion:Trait anger not only directly affects male violent prisoners aggressive behavior, but also indirectly affects male violent prisoners aggressive behavior through emotional recognition disorder.

¿Memoria oficial o literatura testimonial? El libro "Comuna 13 de Medellín, El Drama del Conflicto Armado" del policía Yoni Alexander Rendón Rendón / Is it Official Memory or Testimonial Literature? The book "Comuna 13 de Medellín. El Drama del Conflicto Armado" by the policeman Yoni Alexander Rendón Rendón

Resumen: El artículo analiza el libro "Comuna 13 de Medellín. El Drama del Conflicto Armado" publicado por Yoni Alexander Rendón Rendón, en 2007 cuando el autor era patrullero de la Policía Nacional, en una las zonas más violentas de Colombia: los barrios populares de Medellín. El libro se analizó en sus dimensiones textuales y extratextuales lo que permitió clasificarlo en el género testimonial y en algunos de los universos discursivos sobre el conflicto urbano, lo que explica su inserción exitosa en las disputas sobre la verdad de lo ocurrido en la Comuna 13 en octubre de 2002 en la operación Orión.

Abstract The article analyzes the book "Comuna 13 de Medellín. El Drama del Conflicto Armado" published by Yoni Alexander Rendón Rendón Rendón, in 2007 when the author was a patrolman of the National Police, in one of the most violent areas of Colombia: the popular neighborhoods of Medellín. The book was analyzed in its textual and extratextual dimensions, which allowed it to be classified in the testimonial genre and in some of the discursive universes on the urban conflict, which explains its successful insertion in the disputes about the truth of what happened in Comuna 13 in October 2002 in the Orion Operation.

Perfil dos autores de letalidade violenta no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2015) / Profile of Rio de Janeiro's violent lethality perpetrators, Brazil (2015)

Resumo Apresenta-se o perfil dos autores de mortes por agressões intencionais no município do Rio de Janeiro, em 2015, segundo dados de investigação da Polícia Civil do Estado (PCERJ) sobre letalidade violenta. É um estudo quantitativo descritivo e transversal. As informações englobam homicídios dolosos, roubo seguido de morte, lesões corporais seguidas de morte e homicídios provenientes de oposição à intervenção policial. Do total de 1.562 mortes, subtraíram-se as cometidas por intervenção policial. Dos 1.255 crimes estudados, apenas 20% tiveram os autores identificados. Demonstra-se a significância das atividades ilegais de traficantes de drogas e milicianos nas mortes. Mas também a da violência interpessoal nos espaços domésticos e de convivência e vizinhança. Existe grande semelhança entre o perfil dos autores e das vítimas de letalidade violenta no contexto urbano estudado: homens, jovens e adultos jovens entre 19 e 39 anos, negros e pardos, com baixa escolaridade e elevados níveis de desemprego e ocupação informal.

Abstract This study presents the profile of the perpetrators of deaths caused by intentional aggressions in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015, as per data from the State Civil Police (PCERJ) investigations. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The information encompasses "premeditated murder", "larceny", "bodily injury followed by death" and "homicide caused by resisting police intervention". The study analyzes the profile of the authors of each category, except homicides committed by police intervention. The crimes committed by police intervention were excluded from the total number of the 1,562 identified deaths. Only about 20% of the perpetrators of the 1,255 crimes investigated were identified. The data recognized show the relevance of drug traffickers and militiamen illegal activities in the deaths and interpersonal violence in domestic and community spaces and neighborhoods. A remarkable similarity is observed between the profile of violent lethality perpetrators and victims in the studied urban contexts: men, young people, and young adults aged 19-39 years, blacks, with low schooling, high levels of unemployment, and informal occupations.

Violencia en las relaciones románticas y tipología familiar en jóvenes universitarios / Violence in romantic relationships and family typology in young university students

Resumen La violencia en el noviazgo durante la juventud se transcribe en un problema social de gran importancia en razón al impacto y consecuencias que conlleva para la vida, incluyendo el hecho de ser un fuerte predictor de la violencia en la adultez. El propósito del presente estudio fue identificar la relación entre las conductas violentas en el noviazgo, la tipología familiar y algunos factores sociodemográficos, en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios de la Sabana de Bogotá. Para tal fin se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal, con un diseño de tipo descriptivo correlacional a una muestra de 515 estudiantes universitarios de cinco instituciones de educación superior de la región sabana de Bogotá, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 25 años. Dentro de los hallazgos, para la muestra en estudio, se encontraron relaciones entre dichos factores de violencia y algunas tipologías familiares y los factores sexo y nivel socioeconómico. En conclusión, variables como la edad, el nivel socioeconómico y la tipología familiar se relacionan con la presentación de algunos tipos de violencia presentada durante el noviazgo.

Abstract Dating violence during youth transforms into a social problem of great importance because of its impact and consequences for life, including the fact that it is a strong predictor of violence in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between dating violence, family typology and some sociodemographic factors in a sample of young university students from the Bogota savanna. To this end, a cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out with a descriptive correlational design on a sample of 515 university students from five higher education institutions in the Bogotá savanna region, aged between 18 and 25 years. Among the findings, for the sample under study, relationships were found between these factors of violence and some family typologies and the sex and socioeconomic level factors. In conclusion, variables such as age, socioeconomic level and family typology are related to the appearance of some types of dating violence.

Escola e manejo de condutas violentas: as contribuições do sociodrama temático / School and management of violent behavior: the contributions of thematic sociodrama / Escuela y manejo del comportamiento violento: las aportaciones del sociodrama temático

A escola é essencialmente reconhecida como local no qual a aprendizagem acontece, porém esse se amplia, podendo também apresentar condutas relacionais violentas entre: aluno-escola, professor-aluno e professor-docência. Diante desse tema, o objetivo deste artigo foi compreender as contribuições do sociodrama temático no manejo das condutas violentas. O ato socionômico apresentado caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa ação realizada com 19 professores em uma escola pública. A aplicação do sociodrama temático possibilitou a revelação, discussão e compreensão da dinâmica de violência que acontecia no contexto escolar.

The school is essentially recognized as a place where learning takes place, but it expands and can also present violent relational behaviors between: student-school, teacher-student and teacher-teaching. Given this theme, the objective of this article was to understand the contributions of thematic sociodrama in the management of violent behavior. The socioeconomic act presented is characterized as an action research carried out with 19 teachers in a public school. The application of the thematic sociodrama made it possible to reveal, discuss and understand the dynamics of violence that happened in the school context.

La escuela es esencialmente reconocida como un lugar donde se produce el aprendizaje, pero se expande y también puede presentar comportamientos relacionales violentos entre: alumno-escuela, profesor-alumno y profesor- enseñanza. Ante esta temática, el objetivo de este artículo fue comprender los aportes del sociodrama temático en el manejo de conductas violentas. El acto socioeconómico presentado se caracteriza por ser una investigación-acción realizada con 19 profesores de una escuela pública. La aplicación del sociodrama temático permitió revelar, discutir y comprender las dinámicas de violencia ocurridas en el contexto escolar.

Estudio cualitativo sobre sujetos de vida violenta en Venezuela desde la perspectiva generacional / Qualitative Study on Subjects with Violent Lives in Venezuela from a Generational Perspective / Estudo qualitativo sobre s de uma perspectiva geracional

Resumen Con base en la premisa teórica de que tanto el aumento de la inseguridad ciudadana, y de la violencia en general, como la ineficiente reacción institucional formal para regular las conductas sociales, tuvieron un efecto en la estructura de socialización e interacción individual del venezolano, el presente estudio hace un análisis comparativo generacional entre sujetos de vida violenta. Se expone la manera como la violencia se ha convertido en un valor de socialización y moralización para estos sujetos, quienes han centralizado la misma como un valor de vida para la interacción cotidiana con los demás individuos e instituciones. Al emplear una metodología cualitativa, a través de historias de vida, entrevistas a profundidad y revisión documental, los hallazgos permiten concluir que, como consecuencia de una socialización primaria y secundaria precaria (caracterizada por el establecimiento de vínculos débiles, en el plano afectivo y moral, con figuras como los padres, la familia, la sociedad, las instituciones y la autoridad), para el sujeto de vida violenta de la nueva generación la violencia pasó a ser un valor central, moralizado y legitimado. Estos sujetos tienen una mayor propensión a la violencia, la cual se configura no solo como su modo de vida, sino también como su rol principal para las relaciones con los demás y con las estructuras sociales.

Abstract Based on the theoretical premise that both an increase in citizen insecurity and general violence, as well as inefficient formal reactions by institutions regulating social conducts, affected Venezuelans' social and individual interaction structures, this study performs a generational comparative analysis between subjects with violent lives. The study shows how violence has become a value of social interaction and moralization for these subjects, who have centralized violence as a life value for daily interactions with other individuals and institutions. By using a qualitative methodology through life stories, in-depth interviews and documentary review, the findings allow concluding that, as a consequence of primary and secondary unstable social interaction (characterized by establishing weak emotional and moral bonds with figures, such as parents, family, society, institutions and authorities), violence became a central, moralized and legitimized value for subjects with violent lives in the new generation. These subjects are more likely to have a violent behavior, which is demonstrated not just by their ways of life, but in the main role violence plays in their relationships with others and social structures.

Resumo Partindo da premissa teórica de que tanto o aumento da insegurança cidadã e da violência em geral, quanto a ineficiente atuação institucional formal para regular os comportamentos sociais, tiveram um efeito na estrutura de socialização e interação individual dos sujeitos venezuelanos, este estudo faz uma análise comparativa geracional entre sujeitos de vida violenta. Expõe-se a forma como a violência se tornou um valor de socialização e moralização para esses sujeitos, que a centralizaram como um valor de vida para a interação cotidiana com outros indivíduos e instituições. Adotando uma metodologia qualitativa, por meio de histórias de vida, entrevistas em profundidade e revisão documental, os resultados permitem concluir que, em decorrência de uma precária socialização primária e secundária (caracterizada pelo estabelecimento de laços fracos, no plano afetivo e moral, com figuras como pais, família, sociedade, instituições e autoridade), para o sujeito da vida violenta da nova geração, a violência tornou-se um valor central, moralizado e legitimado. Esses sujeitos apresentam maior propensão à violência, que se configura não apenas como seu modo de vida, mas também como seu principal papel nas relações com os outros e com as estruturas sociais.

Influencing factors for self-violent thoughts and behaviorsamong ninth-grade students / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn the influencing factors for self-violent thoughts and behaviors among the ninth-grade students in Jiangbei District of Ningbo, so as to provide the basis for carrying out psychological intervention. @*Methods@#The ninth-grade students in a junior high school each of the six streets ( towns ) in Jiangbei District were recruited by multi-stage cluster sampling method from October to November 2018. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the general information, life style, psychological condition, self-violent thoughts and behaviors in the latest year. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for self-violent thoughts and behaviors.@*Results@#A total of 1 300 questionnaires were issued and 1 238 valid ones were recovered, with an effective rate of 95.23%. The prevalence rates of self-violent thoughts and behaviors among the ninth-grade students were 16.88% and 8.48%. TheResults of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal marital status of parents ( OR=2.074, 95%CI: 1.139-3.775 ) , no moderate physical activity ( OR=1.764, 95%CI: 1.101-2.826 ) , sleeping less than 8 hours ( OR=1.858, 95%CI: 1.273-2.712 ) , alcohol consumption ( OR=2.108, 95%CI: 1.448-3.070 ) , sense of despair ( OR=6.397, 95%CI: 4.195-9.757 ) , sense of anxiety ( OR=4.094, 95%CI: 2.725-6.151 ) , sense of loneliness ( OR=1.879, 95%CI: 1.241-2.854 ) , and cyber-bullying ( OR=5.155, 95%CI: 2.780-9.556 ) were risk factors for self-violent thoughts; not living with parents ( OR=2.057, 95%CI: 1.021-4.145 ) , alcohol consumption ( OR=1.756, 95%CI: 1.074-2.872 ) , sense of despair ( OR=7.197, 95%CI: 4.365-11.864 ) , sense of anxiety ( OR=5.832, 95%CI: 3.276-10.382 ) , fighting ( OR=2.272, 95%CI: 1.219-4.232 ) and physical bullying ( OR=3.462, 95%CI: 1.135-10.558 ) were risk factors for self-violent behaviors. @*Conclusion@#Drinking, family relationship, bullying, and mental health problems such as sense of despair and anxiety were associated with the self-violent thoughts and behaviors of ninth-grade students.

Study of P50 sensory gating deficit in schizophrenic patients with violent and aggressive behaviors / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo assess the specificity of P50 auditory-evoked potential in schizophrenic patients with violent and aggressive behaviors， so as to provide objective biological markers for predicting violent behaviors of schizophrenic patients. MethodsA total of135 schizophrenic patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were divided into aggressive group （n=70） and non-aggressive group （n=65） according to the assessment results of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale （MOAS）， meantime， another 60 healthy individuals matched for age and gender were set as healthy group. Then the P50 auditory-evoked potentials of all selected individuals were measured using EP/EMG system （MEB-9200， Nihon Kohden， Japan）. ResultsAmp S2 of the aggressive group was significantly higher than those of the non-aggressive group and healthy control group， with statistical differences ［（9.86±6.04）μV vs. （7.06±3.88）μV， P=0.004； （9.86±6.04）μV vs. （7.82±3.87）μV， P=0.031］. The proportion of S2/S1 ratio ≥0.5 was 72.88%， 43.86% and 30.00% in aggressive group， non-aggressive group and healthy group， which was the highest in aggressive group， with statistical differences （P<0.01）. The amplitude difference of P50 （S1-S2） of the aggressive group was lower than those of the non-aggressive group and the healthy control group， the differences were of statistical significance ［（4.35±9.39）μV vs.（9.89±8.48）μV， P=0.001； （4.35±9.39）μV vs.（13.42±9.81）μV， P<0.01］. ConclusionThe violent and aggressive behaviors in schizophrenic patients may be related to the sensory gating deficit.

Correlation between event-related potential P300 and violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the change characteristics of event-related potential P300 in different violence risk levels of schizophrenic patients and analyze the risk factors of violence in schizophrenic patients.Methods:Totally 158 schizophrenic patients in Lyuzhou hospital of Shihezi City from January 2019 to August 2020 were collected and assessed with the violence risk scale for 3 days.According to the assessment results, the patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into low-risk group( n=78), medium-risk group( n=51) and high-risk group( n=29). The auditory P300 of patients in each group was completed within 3 days and act of violence was observed and recorded within one week.Data analysis was carried out by SPSS 20.0 software.The changes of P300 in different violence risk groups were analyzed by ANOVA, and the influencing factors of violence in patients with schizophrenia were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:There was no significant difference in latency of P300 among the three groups (χ 2=4.71, P=0.10), but there was significant difference in amplitude of P300( F=6.67, P<0.01). Compared with the low-risk group ((12.14±9.19) μV), the amplitude of P300 in medium-risk group ((8.25±7.13) μV) and high risk group ((6.71±4.97) μV) decreased significantly ( t=-3.14, -5.45, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in amplitude of P300 between the high-risk group and the middle-risk group( t=-2.31, P>0.05). The latency and amplitude of schizophrenia patients with violent behavior were significantly different from those without violent behavior ( Z=-6.30, 9.78, both P<0.01). High BVC grade (compared with high-risk group, low-risk group: OR=0.03, 95% CI : 0.00-0.35; the middle risk group: OR=0.09, 95% CI : 0.01-0.62), prolonged P300 latency ( OR=1.30, 95% CI : 1.13-1.48) and decreased P300 amplitude ( OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.36-0.70), delusion of victimization ( OR=0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.76)were the risk factors for violent behavior. Conclusion:The latency and amplitude of P300 can be used as the reliable neuroelectrophysiological indicators for evaluating violence risk in patients with schizophrenia.It has important clinical application value for evaluating violence in patients with schizophrenia.

Las inequidades de esperanza de vida según la provincia de nacimiento en Costa Rica entre 2013 y 2017 / Health inequalities in life expectancy according to the province of birth in Costa Rica

Resumen Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si existen inequidades de esperanza de vida en Costa Rica, en función de la provincia de nacimiento y el sexo, entre 2013 y 2017. Se valora el rol de las muertes violentas (homicidios y accidentes de tránsito) en dichas inequidades. Metodología. Se calcularon la esperanza de vida bruta y teórica (sin las muertes violentas) entre 2013 y 2017 a partir de dos padrones electorales, del registro de nacimientos y del registro de defunciones. La población estudiada sumó más de 4 millones de personas y más de 93 000 defunciones durante el período de estudio. Resultados. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas de esperanza de vida, según la provincia de nacimiento en Costa Rica. La mayor diferencia fue hallada en los hombres al comparar la provincia de Limón (76.1 años) versus el resto de las provincias del país (entre 77.6 años en San José y 78.7 en Alajuela). Las muertes violentas permiten explicar parcialmente esta diferencia, sin embargo la asociación continúa siendo significativa una vez que se toma este factor en cuenta en el modelo. Para las mujeres, los resultados son relativamente similares en las siete provincias, con un mínimo de 82.6 años en Puntarenas y San José, y un máximo de 83.2 en Alajuela. Conclusión. Las inequidades de esperanza de vida según la provincia de nacimiento existen en Costa Rica, pero se concentran sobre todo en los hombres que nacieron en la provincia de Limón. La ausencia de relación clara entre el desarrollo de la provincia y la esperanza de vida, en particular en las mujeres, es interesante y merece mayor investigación.

Abstract Introduction. The objective of this study is to determine the existence of life expectancy inequities depending on the province of birth in Costa Rica, according to sex, between 2013 and 2017. The role of violent deaths (homicide and traffic accidents) in these inequities is disentangled. Methods. The gross and theoretical life expectancy (without violent deaths) between 2013 and 2017 is calculated from two Electoral rolls, the Birth Registry and the Death Registry. The sample size is superior to 4 million and more than 93,000 people died during the study period. Results. There are statistically significant differences in life expectancy, according to the province of birth in Costa Rica. The greatest difference in life expectancy was found when comparing the province of Limón (76.1 years) versus the rest of the provinces of the country in men (between 77.6 years in San José and 78.7 in Alajuela). The homicide rate and mortality due to traffic accidents partially explain this difference, but the association is still significant. For women, despite being significantly different, life expectancies are similar in the seven provinces, with a minimum of 82.6 years in Puntarenas and San José, and a maximum of 83.2 in Alajuela. Conclusion. The inequities of life expectancy according to the province of birth exist in Costa Rica, but are concentrated in men who born in the province of Limón. The absence of a clear relation between province's wealth and life expectancy, particularly in women, is surprising and deserves more research.

Vulneración a la integridad física de personas mayores: prevalencia del maltrato y factores asociados / Violation of the Physical Integrity of the Elderly: Prevalence of Abuse and Related Factors

Resumen El envejecimiento poblacional que experimenta actualmente América Latina trae consigo retos para la sociedad, como la prevención de la vulneración a los derechos humanos y libertades de las personas mayores y la eliminación de todas las formas de maltrato. La prevalencia de maltrato físico a personas mayores fue de 4,1%. Se presentó principalmente en mujeres, personas sin pareja y con ingreso económico. Además, fue más prevalente en personas mayores con riesgo de depresión, ante cedentes de pensamientos suicidas, insatisfacción con la salud y que convivían con familias disfuncionales. Los hallazgos de esta investigación muestran como las re laciones familiares pueden ser un factor clave a la hora de abordar la problemática del maltrato; además, las graves repercusiones que generan estos hechos sobre la víctima, como afectaciones no solo a la salud física sino también mental.

Abstract The ageing population currently experienced by Latin America brings with it cha llenges for society, such as the prevention of human rights violation and freedoms of the elderly, and the elimination of all forms of abuse. The prevalence of physical abuse for the elderly was 4.1%. It was mainly presented in women, people without a partner, and with financial income. In addition, it was more prevalent in older people at risk of depression, a history of suicidal thoughts, dissatisfaction with health, and living with dysfunctional families. The findings of this research show how family re lationships can be a key factor in addressing the problem of abuse. In addition, the serious impact of these facts on the victim, such as affectations not only to physical health, but also to mental health.

Repercusión familiar de la conducta violenta / Family Repercussion of Violent Behavior

Introducción: El estudio de la repercusión de la violencia en el hogar constituye un problema complejo, porque la familia como sistema social posee interrelaciones peculiares entre sus miembros, determinadas por vínculos afectivos, normas, roles y su dinámica en diferentes ámbitos y momentos de la vida. Objetivo: Evaluar la repercusión familiar de la conducta violenta en hogares. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, durante el bienio 2016- 2017, en 43 familias del municipio Playa en las que aconteció comportamiento violento. Se aplicó el instrumento Repercusión Familiar a todos los integrantes de la familia mayores de 19 años, y la alternativa de respuesta a cada rubro se seleccionó por acuerdo entre los miembros. Resultados: En el 86 por ciento de la muestra predominó el maltrato mixto. En dicha modalidad prevaleció la repercusión familiar severa (78,4 por ciento), con afectación mayoritariamente elevada en las áreas de funcionamiento familiar y estado de salud individual. El maltrato por negligencia se detectó solo en el 14 por ciento, prevaleció la repercusión familiar moderada (66,7 por ciento), con afectación totalitariamente elevada del área de funcionamiento familiar. El sentido de la repercusión del comportamiento violento resultó desfavorable para la salud en el 90,7 por ciento de los núcleos familiares. Conclusiones: Se detectó un determinado grado de repercusión entre los miembros de todas las familias donde se produjo violencia. El sentido de la repercusión del comportamiento violento fue mayoritariamente desfavorable para la salud familiar, con predominio negativo de todas sus áreas(AU)

Introduction: The study of the impact of domestic violence constitutes a complex problem, because the family, as a social system, has specific interrelationships among its members, determined by affective ties, norms, roles and its dynamics in different areas and moments of life. Objective: To assess the family impact of violent behavior in homes. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out during the 2016-2017 biennium, with 43 families from Playa Municipality and with cases of violent behavior. The Family Impact Questionnaire was applied to all family members over the age of 19, and the alternative response to each field was chosen by agreement among the members. Results: Mixed abuse prevailed in 86 percent of the sample. In this modality, severe family repercussion prevailed (78.4 percent), with a mainly high impact in the areas of family functioning and individual health status. Maltreatment due to negligence was detected only in 14 percent. Moderate family repercussions prevailed (66.7 percent), with a totally elevated affectation of the area concerning family functioning. The sense of violent behavior repercussion was unfavorable for health in 90.7 percent of the families. Conclusions: A certain degree of repercussion was detected among the members of all the families in which violence occurred. The sense of impact of violent behavior was mostly unfavorable for family health, with a negative predominance in all its areas(AU)

Muerte violenta en la región Manzanillo. 2017 - 2019 / Violent death in the Manzanillo region. 2017 - 2019 / Morte violenta na região de Manzanillo. 2017-2019

RESUMEN Introducción: las muertes violentas representan un capítulo abierto al estudio desde todos los ángulos profesionales. En su génesis, producción y consecuencias participan causas sociales, económicas, culturales, emocionales, médicas y otras que, en conjunto, trazan un cuadro sumamente complejo. Objetivo: caracterizar la muerte violenta en la región de Manzanillo. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 443 casos de fallecidos de manera violenta, registrados en el servicio de Medicina Legal del Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley, en el período comprendido de enero del 2017 a diciembre del 2019. Se midieron variables como: etiología médico - legal, edad, sexo, ocupación, municipio, trimestre del año, día de la semana, causa básica de muerte y sistemas o aparatos afectados. Resultados: los accidentes predominaron como causa etiológica, los suicidios y homicidios fueron los que más aportaron a esta problemática; el sexo masculino predominó en cada una de las etiologías, mientras que los jubilados alcanzaron mayor frecuencia tanto para los accidentes como para los suicidios y los obreros no calificados y desocupados para los homicidios. Conclusiones: el municipio Manzanillo mostró un mayor número de casos, así como el tercer trimestre del año y los días del fin de semana. El ahorcamiento constituyo la causa básica de muerte fundamental y el sistema respiratorio el más afectado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: violent deaths represent an open chapter to study from all professional angles. In its genesis, production and consequences involved social, economic, cultural, emotional, medical and other causes that, together, draw a very complex picture. Objective: to characterize the violent death in the Manzanillo region. Method: a retrospective descriptive study of 443 cases of violent deaths was registered, registered in the Legal Medicine service of the Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital, in the period from January 2017 to December 2019. Variables such as: medical etiology were measured - legal, age, sex, occupation, municipality, quarter of the year, day of the week, basic cause of death and affected systems or devices. Results: accidents predominated as an etiological cause, suicides and homicides were the ones that contributed most to this problem; the male sex prevailed in each of the etiologies, while the retirees reached a higher frequency for accidents as well as for suicides and unskilled and unemployed workers for homicides. Conclusions: the Manzanillo municipality showed a greater number of cases, as well as the third quarter of the year and the days of the weekend. The hanging was the basic cause of fundamental death and the respiratory system the most affected.

RESUMO Introdução: as mortes violentas representam um capítulo aberto ao estudo de todos os ângulos profissionais. Em sua gênese, produção e consequências, participam causas sociais, econômicas, culturais, emocionais, médicas e outras, as quais, juntas, desenham um quadro altamente complexo. Objetivo: caracterizar a morte violenta na região de Manzanillo. Método: foi realizado um estudo descritivo retrospectivo de 443 casos de mortes violentas, registrados no serviço de Medicina Legal do Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley, no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2019. Variáveis ​​como: etiologia médica foram medidas - legal, idade, sexo, ocupação, município, trimestre do ano, dia da semana, causa básica de morte e sistemas ou dispositivos afetados. Resultados: os acidentes predominaram como causa etiológica, suicídios e homicídios foram os que mais contribuíram para esse problema; o sexo masculino predominou em cada uma das etiologias, enquanto os aposentados foram mais frequentes por acidentes e suicídios e os trabalhadores não qualificados e desempregados por homicídios. Conclusões: o município de Manzanillo apresentou um número maior de casos, assim como o terceiro trimestre do ano e os dias do fim de semana. Pendurar foi a causa básica da morte e o sistema respiratório foi o mais afetado.

Mulheres em Situações de Violência e os Sentidos de Liberdade: Relato de Experiência em uma Política Pública / Women in Situations of Violence and Senses of Freedom: Experience Report on a Public Policy / Mujeres en Situaciones de Violencia y los Sentidos de la Libertad: Relato de Experiencia en una Política Pública

Este artigo problematiza o conceito de liberdade no contexto de mulheres em situações de violência, indo além ou mesmo contrapondo a noção de liberdade vigente no âmbito da ideologia liberal. Para tanto, a partir da experiência da autora, como psicóloga em uma política pública para mulheres, busca-se articular essa discussão sobre liberdade com alguns aspectos das intervenções e práticas realizadas pelas/os profissionais, em especial psicólogas/os e assistentes sociais, junto às mulheres, abordando alguns riscos e desafios que perpassam esse fazer. As discussões indicam a possibilidade de se pensar em outros sentidos de liberdade, atravessados pelo tensionamento, pela dúvida, hesitação, incerteza e também pela relação com o/a outro/a, afastando a noção de liberdade como um poder fazer ilimitado. No que diz respeito às intervenções realizadas nas políticas públicas para mulheres, conclui-se que a violência de gênero exige descolonizar e repensar práticas e modelos de intervenção hegemônicos, principalmente aqueles voltados para a individualidade. (AU)

This paper problematizes the concept of freedom in the context of women in situations of violence, going beyond or even opposing the notion of freedom present within the scope of liberal ideology. Based on the author's experience as a psychologist in a public policy for women, this study tries to articulate the discussion about freedom with some aspects of the interventions and practices done by professionals, especially psychologists and social workers, with women, addressing some risks and challenges that go with this doing. The discussions indicate the possibility of thinking in other senses of freedom, crossed by tension, doubt, hesitation, uncertainty as well as by the relationship with the other, withdrawing the notion of freedom as an unlimited power to do. With regard to interventions carried out in public policies for women, it is concluded that gender violence requires decolonizing and rethinking hegemonic practices and models of intervention, especially those aimed at individuality. (AU)

Este artículo problematiza el concepto de libertad en el contexto de las mujeres en situaciones de violencia, yendo más allá o incluso oponiéndose a la noción de libertad vigente en el marco de la ideología liberal. Para ello, a partir de la experiencia de la autora como psicóloga en una política pública para mujeres, se busca articular esta discusión sobre la libertad con algunos aspectos de las intervenciones y prácticas llevadas a cabo por profesionales, especialmente psicólogas/os y trabajadoras/es sociales, con las mujeres, abordando algunos riesgos y desafíos que atraviesan ese trabajo. Las discusiones indican la posibilidad de pensar en otros sentidos de la libertad, atravesados por la tensión, la duda, la vacilación, la incertidumbre y también por la relación con el otro, alejándose de la noción de libertad como un poder ilimitado de hacer. En lo que respecta a las intervenciones realizadas en las políticas públicas para las mujeres, se concluye que la violencia de género requiere descolonizar y repensar las prácticas y los modelos de intervención hegemónicos, especialmente los dirigidos a la individualidad. (AU)

Rastro conductual del asaltante sexual serial desde la perfilación criminal inductiva / Behavioral trace of the serial sexual assailant from the inductive criminal profiling

Resumen La perfilación criminal ha despertado interés tanto en el contexto académico como en la cotidianidad, debido a la multiplicidad de casos aberrantes que se presentan día a día en el mundo. Es por eso que el objetivo de este artículo fue identificar a la luz del enfoque estadístico por facetas, desde la perfilación criminal de tipo inductiva, patrones conductuales inferidos de la información que se dispone de la escena del crimen de los casos de caso de Luis Alfredo Garavito Cubillo, alias "La Bestia" quien violentó y asesinó a más de 172 niños y el de Javier Velasco Valenzuela quien asesino, violó y torturó, bajo la modalidad de empalamiento, a Rosa Elvira Cely.

Abstract Criminal profiling has sparked interest both in the academic context and in daily life, due to the multiplicity of aberrant cases that occur day by day in the world. That is why the objective of this article was to identify the light of the statistical approach by facets, from inductive criminal profiling, behavioral patterns inferred from the information available at the crime scene of the cases of Luis Alfredo Garavito's case. Cubillo, alias "La Bestia", who rapes and murdered more than 172 children and Javier Velasco Valenzuela, who murdered, raped and tortured Rosa Elvira Cely in the form of impalement.