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Background: Students favthisteaching methods employing combination of audio visual aids and blackboard teaching over didactic lectures not using these aids. Different methods of lecture are-blackboard teaching, power point presentations (PPT) and mix of aids. This study was primarily done to know the students’ attitude and preferences regarding the lectures using PowerPoint (PPT) presentations and the traditional ‘black-board teaching’ method with an aim to improve the quality of didactic lectures in pharmacology by their appropriate use in further teaching – learning process, with an aim to improve their use in didactic lectures.Methods: A questionnaire-based observational study (annexure-1) observational study was conducted among all the medical students of 4th semester MBBS attending theory classes in the department of Pharmacology in Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal.Results: In this study, as a whole Majority 68 % (42 students) of students preferred mix of aids as teaching method over blackboard and power point. Sixty two students participated in the study out of which 58% (36) were male and students 42% (26) were female. Students told that the lectures using mix of aids were well organized and the lecture contents were well informative. As far as matter of suggestions is concerned 46 (74.2 %) students gave suggestions to improve teaching methods. As compared to blackboard the lectures taken on PowerPoint were clearly visible and well audible to all the students of the classroom..Conclusions: This study demonstrates that lectures delivered by using a mixture of audio visual aids are more appreciated by the students over blackboard teaching and power-point teaching individually. For further improving their lectures, if possible teachers should plan to implement feasible student suggestions by using a combination of audio visual aids.
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Objective To analyze the causes of visual impaired and explore the visual improvement with aids,application effects and problems.Methods A series of cases study was adopted.Seven hundred and ninetyseven patients with visual impairment were selected from January 2012 to December 2016 in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital.The etiological analysis,visual function evaluation and visual aids fitting were performed for 797 patients with visual impairment.After 6 months,400 patients were randomly selected for follow-up,and application effects,daily use time and the reasons for abandon were evaluated and analyzed.This study followed the Helsinki declaration and was approved by Ethic Committee of the Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital.Results The causes for top three in 797 visual impairment patients were high myopia,congenital eye diseases and diabetic retinopathy respectively.With distant optical visual aids,distance vision of the patients was significantly improved.Thereinto,66.3％ patients used visual aids occasionally every day.The overall effective rate of visual aids fitting was 86.92％,the efficiency of electronic visual aids is obviously higher than that of other near optical visual aids,and the use effect evaluation of electronic aids is also the best.It is found that poor vision,inconvenient use and inability to use are common influencing factors,among which poor vision is the main reason.Conclusions High myopia has become the leading cause of visual impairment.Professional visual aids fitting can greatly improve residual vision and effectiveness of visual aids.During the process of application,most of the patients usually don't use the devices for longer duration due to severe eye diseases.Once visual aids meet the patients' visual demands in a certain,they work effectively.
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@#AIM:To analyze the pathogenesis, refraction states, refractive error correction with glasses and distant vision rehabilitation using optical far-range visual aids in children with childhood blindness and low vision. <p>METHODS: A selection of 212 blind and low vision children, 422 eyes, aged 6-16, were examined by our team at the Kunming Children's Hospital Opthalmology Clinic and Kunming School of the Blind during opthalmic screening from December 2015 to April 2018 for their pathogenesis and refraction states. A portion of those patients were able to receive refractive error correction and be fitted with optical far-range visual aids to have their rehabilitation condition analyzed afterwafrds. <p>RESULTS: The most common pathogenesis discovered in blind and low vision children was congenital genetic oculopathy with congenital cataracts reported as the leading disease in our group(19.3%). Mild, moderate myopia and hyperopia was the most common in subjects with low vision refractive error(65.3%). Children achieved blindness correction(26.4%)and disability correction(14.6%)with refractive error correction alone was much less than those achieved blindness correction(58.3%)and disability correction(91.1%)using refractive correction alongside fitted far-range visual aids; differences were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.01). <p>CONCLUSION: The pathogenesis of children with blindness and low vision is multi-faceted and complex; priority should be given to prevention by working to provide regular opthalmic screening. Children with low vision should receive routine refraction examinations and be prescribed glasses as well as fitted far-range visual aids for satisfactory rehabilitation results.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of personalized fitting for visual aids in patients low vision.Methods A total of 173 low vision patients were given visual function evaluation and visual aids fitting,and followed up for the usage of devices after 1 year.Then several variables were analyzed,including vision,the duration of wearing visual aids per day,reasons for discontinuance and existing problems.Results The top 3 underlying etiologies of low vision were high myopia,congenital eye diseases and diabetic retinopathy.As for the usage of visual aids,patients wearing device occasionally accounted for 66.47％,＜ 1 hour for 4.62％,＞ 1-2 hours for 19.08％,＞ 2-3 hours for 4.62％,＞ 3 hours for 5.20％.The overall efficiency rate of visual aids fitting was 79.77％.and the difference in effectiveness of distance-optical visual aids had no statistical significance (X2 =0.794,P =0.939),but there was significant difference among near-optical visual aids (X2 =12.535,P ＜ 0.05).Among abandoned 23 aids,17 (73.91％) was discarded due to decreased visual acnity,4 (17.39％) due to inconvenience to use,and 2 (8.70％) was unknown to use.Conclusion Personalized fitting can make visual aids more efficient,and the appropriate use of optical visual and electronic visual aids can significantly improve the residual vision by follow-up and enhanced service.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of personalized fitting for visual aids in patients low vision.Methods A total of 173 low vision patients were given visual function evaluation and visual aids fitting,and followed up for the usage of devices after 1 year.Then several variables were analyzed,including vision,the duration of wearing visual aids per day,reasons for discontinuance and existing problems.Results The top 3 underlying etiologies of low vision were high myopia,congenital eye diseases and diabetic retinopathy.As for the usage of visual aids,patients wearing device occasionally accounted for 66.47％,＜ 1 hour for 4.62％,＞ 1-2 hours for 19.08％,＞ 2-3 hours for 4.62％,＞ 3 hours for 5.20％.The overall efficiency rate of visual aids fitting was 79.77％.and the difference in effectiveness of distance-optical visual aids had no statistical significance (X2 =0.794,P =0.939),but there was significant difference among near-optical visual aids (X2 =12.535,P ＜ 0.05).Among abandoned 23 aids,17 (73.91％) was discarded due to decreased visual acnity,4 (17.39％) due to inconvenience to use,and 2 (8.70％) was unknown to use.Conclusion Personalized fitting can make visual aids more efficient,and the appropriate use of optical visual and electronic visual aids can significantly improve the residual vision by follow-up and enhanced service.
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AIM: To analyze the reasons of low vision and blindness in elderly patients and the application of optical aids in rehabilitation.METHODS: Totally 87 elderly patients which had 74 cases of low vision,13 cases of blind,including 53 males and 34 females.Routine internal and external eye examinations should be performed,and special removal examinations should be performed if necessary.Both refractive correction,and try with far and near optical aids,check after wearing a typoscope distant and near vision,distant vision ≥0.05 out the blindness,distant vision ≥0.3 out the disability.Near vision ≥ 0.5 was valid,0.5 effective in 60 cases (69%),<0.5 ineffective in 27 cases (31%).Typoscope was often used in 58 cases,not often used 18 cases,11 cases rarely used or give up.CONCLUSION: High myopia is the leading cause of low vision and blindness in the elderly,followed by macular degeneration.The application of visual aids is still reliable and economical and effective treatment method,patients should be encouraged to use visual aids to improve the utilization rate of aids,so as to improve the quality of life of patients.
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PURPOSE: Patients and their caretakers need to understand various problems and requirements in the dying process so that they may prepare for death for the rest of their remaining life. Accordingly, a systematic audio-visual resource was developed to educate hospice patients and their families at the palliative care ward about the process of dying. METHODS: For the development of an audio-visual resource, a initial education material was produced in the form of simple and accessible Power Point handouts based on literature study. Then, the program was completed through five rounds of a process, including expert advice, revision, update and evaluation. RESULTS: The final version of the program was filmed with cooperation of the medical literature information division. Using the program, patients and families were educated through five phases over three sessions for a total 26 minutes and 34 seconds. CONCLUSION: The significance of this study lies in the fact that it was conducted after the establishment of the palliative care ward, which made it easier for nurses provide the education. It is expected that the program may be used by hospice specialists as well as nurses as an education resource for hospice patients and their families.
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Humans , Audiovisual Aids , Education , Hospices , Palliative Care , SpecializationABSTRACT
Background: Refractive errors (RE) are the most common cause of avoidable visual impairment in children. But benefits of visual aids, which are means for correcting RE, depend on the compliance of visual aids by end users. Aim: To study the compliance of spectacle wear among rural school children in Pune district as part of the sarva siksha abhiyan (education for all scheme) after 6 - 12 months of providing free spectacles. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional follow-up study of rural secondary school children in western India. Materials and Methods: The students were examined by a team of optometrists who collected the demographic details, observed if the child was wearing the spectacles, and performed an ocular examination. The students were asked to give reasons for non-wear in a closed-ended questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression used for data analysis. Results: Of the 2312 students who were dispensed spectacles in 2009, 1018 were re-examined in 2010. 523 students (51.4%) were female, the mean age was 12.1 years 300 (29.5%) were wearing their spectacles, 492 (68.5%) students claimed to have them at home while 211 (29.4%) reported not having them at all. Compliance of spectacle wear was positively associated to the magnitude of refractive error (P < 0.001), father's education (P = 0.016), female sex (P = 0.029) and negatively associated to the visual acuity of the better eye (P < 0.001) and area of residence (P < 0.0001). Of those that were examined and found to be myopic (N = 499), 220 (44%) wore their spectacles to examination. Factors associated with compliance to spectacle usage in the myopic population included increasing refractive error (P < 0.001), worsening visual acuity (P < 0.001), and higher academic performance (P < 0.001). The causes for not wearing spectacles were ‘lost spectacles’ 67(9.3%), ‘broken spectacles’ 125 (17.4%), ‘forgot spectacles at home’ 117 (16.3%), ‘uses spectacles sometimes’ 109 (15.2%), ‘teased about spectacles’ 142 (19.8%) and ‘do not like the spectacles’ 86 (12%). Conclusion: Spectacle compliance was poor amongst school children in rural Pune; many having significant vision loss as a result.
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Adolescent , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Eyeglasses/supply & distribution , Eyeglasses/statistics & numerical data , Humans , India/epidemiology , Myopia/diagnosis , Myopia/epidemiology , Myopia/therapy , Patient Compliance , Refractive Errors/diagnosis , Refractive Errors/epidemiology , Refractive Errors/therapy , Rural Population , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Epidemiologic evaluation and investigating the causes of visual impairment in any society is a matter of concern and has a direct effect on the country's health care planning. In this study we describe causes of low vision and blindness in Iranian patients referred to rehabilitation clinics for taking vision aids. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, visual acuity was classified based on best-corrected visual acuity in the better eye according to the World Health Organization definition (blindness, visual acuity [VA] < 20 / 400; severe visual impairment, VA < 20 / 200-20 / 400; mild to moderate visual impairment, VA < 20 / 60-20 / 200). The causes of blindness and low vision were determined using the 10th version of International Classification of Diseases based on the main cause in both eyes. To describe data, we used mean +/- SD and frequency. RESULTS: The study included 432 patients, 65% male, with a mean age of 43.6 +/- 25.5 years (range, 3 to 92 years). Mild to moderate visual impairment, severe visual impairment and blindness were present in 122 (28.8%), 196 (46.4%) and 105 (24.8%) of the patients, respectively. The main causes of visual impairment were retinal and choroidal diseases (74.5%), optic nerve and optic tract diseases (9.8%), vitreous and globe disorders (5.3%), congenital cataract (3.1%), and glaucoma (2.6%). The distribution pattern of the causes was similar in all age subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Diseases of the retina and choroid are the main cause of visual impairment among patients referred to an academic visual rehabilitation clinic in Iran.