ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the characteristics of attention during visual search tasks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:Totally 45 adult patients with ADHD who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and 44 healthy controls matched with age,gender and IQ were selected.The reaction time and accuracy rate of two groups were compared under visual search tasks of low and high visual working memory load.Results:The reaction time was longer in patients with ADHD than in the healthy controls in both low-load task [(823 ± 144) ms vs.(754 ± 123) ms,P ＜ 0.01] and highload task [(912 ± 163) ms vs.(851 ± 162) ms,P ＜ 0.01].Compared with the performance in low load task,the search reaction time was longer in high load task [ADHD group:(823 ± 144) ms vs.(912 ± 163) ms,P ＜ 0.01;control group:(754 ± 123) ms vs.(851 ± 162) ms,P ＜0.01] and the accuracy rate was lower during high load task than low load task[ADHD group:(95.9 ±4.3)％ vs.(91.2 ± 14.29)％;control group:(95.8 ± 4.2)％ vs.(94.4 ±4.9) ％,P ＜ 0.01] in both ADHD and control groups.Conclusion:The results suggest impairment in top-down attentional control in ADHD adults.When the visual working memory load is increasing,ADHD patients allocate more working memory resources on storing the target representation and less resources on visual attention,so the search efficiency may be influenced.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the mobile phone dependence college students'features of detection of different facial expressions and give suggestion to future intervention for mobile phone dependence students.Methods:Totally 548 college students were assessed with the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS).Two groups were screened by cluster analysis and high and low group standard,namely,mobile phone dependence group and control group,40 participants in each.A visual search task was used to examine the efficiency of facial processing.Participants searched displays of schematic faces and were required to determine whether the faces displayed were all the same or whether one was different.Results:When the expressions of the faces were the same,the main effect of number of faces was significant [F(1,468) =11.26,P ＜ 0.01],the detection of four faces was faster than that of eight faces [(1079.1 ± 187.9) msvs.(1139.2 ±202.7) ms].When the expressions of the faces were different,the main effect of expression types was statistically significant [F (1,312) =10.30,P ＜ 0.01],the detection of sad faces was faster than that of happy faces [(941.0 ± 168.5) ms vs.(997.8 ± 152.7) ms,P ＜ 0.01].The types of expressions had significant interaction with groups of participants [F (1,312) =16.55,P ＜ 0.01],mobile phone dependence group detected the sad faces significantly faster than the control group [(975.5 ± 112.4) ms vs.(906.4 ± 126.5) ms,P ＜0.05].Conclusion:The detection of sad faces is faster in those with mobile phone dependence than in controls.The detection of the sad and happy faces are serial search in both groups.