Challenges of computer-assisted orthognathic surgery in clinical application / 口腔疾病防治

@#After years of development, the advantages of computer-assisted orthognathic surgery have been widely recognized. However, the clinical application of this technology is challenging. Each step may generate errors from data acquisition, computer-assisted diagnosis, and computer-assisted surgical design, causing errors to be transferred from the virtual surgical plan to the operation. The accumulation and amplification of errors will affect the final surgical effect. Currently, digital devices, such as intraoral scanners, are being explored for error control, utilizing automation methods and algorithms, and implementing personalized bone positioning methods. Moreover, there are still many problems that have not been fully resolved, such as precise simulation of postoperative soft tissue, functional assessment of mandibular movement, and absorbable internal fixation materials. Fully understanding computer-assisted orthognathic surgery's limitations could provide direction for optimizing existing methods while helping clinicians avoid risks and maximize its advantages to achieve the best outcome. Many emerging and cutting-edge technologies, such as personalized titanium plates, artificial intelligence, and surgical robots, will further promote the development of this discipline. We can expect future optimization of digital orthognathic surgical technology by innovations in automation, intelligence, and personalization.

Visualization of nasal powder distribution using biomimetic human nasal cavity model

Nasal drug delivery efficiency is highly dependent on the position in which the drug is deposited in the nasal cavity. However, no reliable method is currently available to assess its impact on delivery performance. In this study, a biomimetic nasal model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology was developed for visualizing the deposition of drug powders in the nasal cavity. The results showed significant differences in cavity area and volume and powder distribution in the anterior part of the biomimetic nasal model of Chinese males and females. The nasal cavity model was modified with dimethicone and validated to be suitable for the deposition test. The experimental device produced the most satisfactory results with five spray times. Furthermore, particle sizes and spray angles were found to significantly affect the experimental device's performance and alter drug distribution, respectively. Additionally, mometasone furoate (MF) nasal spray (NS) distribution patterns were investigated in a goat nasal cavity model and three male goat noses, confirming the in vitro and in vivo correlation. In conclusion, the developed human nasal structure biomimetic device has the potential to be a valuable tool for assessing nasal drug delivery system deposition and distribution.

Analysis of three-dimensional visualization imaging of severe portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation and clinical efficacy of portal vein stent implantation / 器官移植

Objective To analyze three-dimensional imaging characteristics and advantages for severe portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation, and to evaluate clinical efficacy of portal vein stent implantation. Methods Clinical data of 10 patients who received portal vein stent implantation for severe portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Imaging characteristics of severe portal vein stenosis, and advantages of three-dimensional reconstruction imaging and interventional treatment efficacy for severe portal vein stenosis were analyzed. Results Among 10 patients, 3 cases were diagnosed with centripetal stenosis, tortuosity angulation-induced stenosis in 2 cases, compression-induced stenosis in 2 cases, long-segment stenosis and/or vascular occlusion in 3 cases. Three-dimensional reconstruction images possessed advantages in accurate identification of stenosis, identification of stenosis types and measurement of stenosis length. All patients were successfully implanted with portal vein stents. After stent implantation, the diameter of the minimum diameter of portal vein was increased [(6.2±0.9) mm vs. (2.6±1.7) mm, P<0.05], the flow velocity at anastomotic site was decreased [(57±19) cm/s vs. (128±27) cm/s, P<0.05], and the flow velocity at the portal vein adjacent to the liver was increased [(41±6) cm/s vs. (18±6) cm/s, P<0.05]. One patient suffered from intrahepatic hematoma caused by interventional puncture, which was mitigated after conservative observation and treatment. The remaining patients did not experience relevant complications. Conclusions Three-dimensional visualization technique may visually display the location, characteristics and severity of stenosis, which is beneficial for clinicians to make treatment decisions and assist interventional procedures. Timely implantation of portal vein stent may effectively reverse pathological process and improve portal vein blood flow.

Research progress on the stress-strain index of Corvis ST / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST)is currently the most commonly used clinical device for assessing in vivo corneal biomechanics. The new parameter stress-strain index(SSI)has been a hot topic of clinical research in recent years, which not only directly reflect corneal biomaterial stiffness, but also closely correlates with the progression of certain diseases. SSI was generated based on the predictions of corneal behavior using finite element(FE)numerical modeling to simulate the effects of intraocular pressure and Corvis ST jets. The SSI algorithm does not change with central corneal thickness(CCT), intraocular pressure, or biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure(BIOP), but it is clearly associated with altered collagen fibres in the corneosclera. The principles of SSI, the relationship between age and SSI, the relationship between axial length and SSI, the relationship between myopia and SSI, and the application of SSI are summarized and concluded.

MobileNetV3 network-based diagnosis of caries and periapical periodontitis from periapical films / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To research the effectiveness of deep learning techniques in intelligently diagnosing dental caries and periapical periodontitis and to explore the preliminary application value of deep learning in the diagnosis of oral diseases@*Methods@#A dataset containing 2 298 periapical films, including healthy teeth, dental caries, and periapical periodontitis, was used for the study. The dataset was randomly divided into 1 573 training images, 233 validation images, and 492 test images. By comparing various neural network models, the MobileNetV3 network model with better performance was selected for dental disease diagnosis, and the model was optimized by tuning the network hyperparameters. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were used to evaluate the model's ability to recognize dental caries and periapical periodontitis. Class activation map was used to visualization analyze the performance of the network model@*Results@#The algorithm achieved a relatively ideal intelligent diagnostic effect with precision, recall, and accuracy of 99.42%, 99.73%, and 99.60%, respectively, and the F1 score was 99.57% for classifying healthy teeth, dental caries, and periapical periodontitis. The visualization of the class activation maps also showed that the network model can accurately extract features of dental diseases.@*Conclusion@#The tooth lesion detection algorithm based on the MobileNetV3 network model can eliminate interference from image quality and human factors and has high diagnostic accuracy, which can meet the needs of dental medicine teaching and clinical applications.

Representaciones de estudiantes sobre el conflicto mapuche en Chile y Argentina / Representations of students regarding the Mapuche conflict in Chile and Argentina / Representações estudantis sobre o conflito mapuche no Chile e na Argentina

(analítico) Las investigaciones de las representaciones sociales de estudiantes acerca de los problemas contemporáneos representan un espacio fundamental de exploración. Este estudio busca analizar las representaciones de estudiantes de educación primaria chilenos y argentinos sobre el conflicto entre los Estados de Chile, Argentina y el pueblo mapuche. La investigación es cualitativa, con un enfoque de teoría fundamentada y los datos recolectados a través de grupos focales en escuelas chilenas y argentinas. El análisis realizado se basa en los procedimientos del paradigma de la codificación, con el motivo de indagar de manera procesual y estructural las representaciones sociales. Los resultados revelan el rol que otorgan los estudiantes a la enseñanza de la historia. Las conclusiones sostienen que la enseñanza de la historia no contribuye a la comprensión de este problema.

(analytical) Research on social representations constructed by students in relation to contemporary problems represents a fundamental space for investigative exploration. This study sought to analyze the representations of Chilean and Argentine primary school students regarding the "conflict" between the Chile, Argentina and the Mapuche people. The research was qualitative and used a grounded theory approach. The data was collected through holding focus groups in Chilean and Argentine schools. The analysis involved the use of coding paradigm procedures in order to investigate social representations in a procedural and structural way. The results reveal the role that students give to the teaching of History. The conclusions identify that the teaching of History does not contribute to the understanding of this problem.

(analítico) Este estudo examina o conhecimento sobre as propriedades formais e a função referencial de desenho, escrita e numerais que mães, filhos e filhas (2 anos e meio e 4 anos) apresentados em tarefa de produção conjunta. O método comparativo constante foi utilizado para a construção do sistema de codificação; se analisou mediante provas não paramétricas. As duplas do grupo de 2 anos e meio conversaram sobre a função referencial dos três sistemas, especialmente do desenho. No grupo de 4 anos aumentaram o interesse pela escrita, a consideração das propriedades formais da escrita e dos numerais e as produções independentes de desenho e escrita. O estudo mostrou a produção gráfica conjunta como uma interação educacional na família que estimula a apropriação precoce de sistemas de representação externa.

Análisis y visualización de datos de infección por SARS-CoV-2 de la población atendida en los establecimientos de salud de atención primaria de la Corporación Municipal de Viña del Mar, durante los años 2021-2022 / Analysis and visualization of data on infection by SARS-CoV-2 the population of the primary care health attended in the establishments of the Corporación Municipal de Viña del Mar, during the years 2021-2022

ntroducción: en Chile, la circulación del virus SARS-CoV-2 se inició el 03 de marzo de 2020, desencadenando un rápido aumento de casos en el país. Los datos epidemiológicos y de movilidad fueron fundamentales, para evitar la propagación y severidad de la infección. Sin embargo, la limitación de ser extrapolados desde niveles de división administrativa mayor a niveles menores, ha dificultado la toma de decisiones. Una forma de resolver esto, es analizar y visualizar los datos de la infección en su contexto local, como los datos recopilados desde la Atención Primaria en Salud. Materiales y Métodos: estudio que analizó y visualizó, mediante Microsoft Excel, Stata y Looker Studio, 173.881 exámenes de SARS-CoV-2 realizados en la Corporación Municipal de Viña del Mar (366.981 beneficiarios), durante los años 2021-2022. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 33.633 casos positivos para SARS-CoV-2, de los cuales 11.084 pertenecen al rango etario entre 30 a 49 años. CESFAM Dr. Jorge Kaplán presentó mayor cantidad de casos positivos (5.838), mientras que CECOSF Villa Hermosa la menor cantidad (628). CECOSF Sergio Donoso y Santa Julia presentaron una cantidad notable de casos positivos entre 0 a 14 y 70 a 79 años, respectivamente. Discusión: existió una relación importante entre la cantidad de muestras y casos positivos según lugar de toma de muestra, jurisdicción, población per cápita atendida por jurisdicción y su distribución espacial. Conclusión: la metodología realizada permitió analizar y visualizar los datos de infección por SARS-CoV-2 por jurisdicción, lo que se puede utilizar para observar tendencias y generar estrategias para la comuna.

Introduction: in Chile, the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus began on March 3, 2020, triggering a rapid increase in cases in the country. Epidemiological and mobility data were essential to prevent the spread and severity of the infection. However, the limitation of being extrapolated from higher levels of administrative division to lower levels has made decision-making difficult. One way to solve this is to analyze and visualize infection data in its local context, such as data collected from Primary Health Care.Materials and Methods: a study that analyzed and visualized, using Microsoft Excel, Stata, and Looker Studio, 173,881 SARS-CoV-2 tests performed in the Viña del Mar Municipal Corporation (366,981 beneficiaries) during 2021-2022.Results: there were 33,633 positive cases for SARS-CoV-2, of which 11,084 were in the age range between 30 and 49 years. CESFAM Dr. Jorge Kaplán had the highest positive cases (5,838), while CECOSF Villa Hermosa had the lowest number (628). CECOSF Sergio Donoso and Santa Julia had a notable number of positive cases between 0 and 14 and 70 to 79 years, respectively. Discussion: there was a significant re lationship between the number of samples and positive cases by sampling site, jurisdiction, population per capita served by jurisdiction, and spatial distribution. Conclusion: The methodology used allowed for the analysis and visualization of SARS-CoV-2 infection data by jurisdiction, which the municipality can use to observe trends and generate strategies.

Needle visualization during ultrasound-guided puncture: image optimization / Visualização da agulha durante punção guiada por ultrassom: otimização de imagem

Abstract Background Obtaining an adequate image of the needle by ultrasound reduces complications resulting from punctures, increasing patient safety and reducing hospitalization costs. Objectives To verify human perception in relation to number of pixels, while also identifying the best puncture angle and which needle should be used, and to evaluate whether there is a difference if needle visualization software is used. Methods 20 images were analyzed by 103 students who classified them as being sufficient or insufficient and were compared with the quality observed using photoshop. We evaluated whether there were differences between puncture angles of less than 45º and more than 45º, between IV catheter and introducer needles, and between images obtained with and without visualization software. Results There was a higher percentage of sufficient ratings for images those that had more than 60 pixels and when the puncture angle was less than 45º, with significant associations between students' evaluations and each of these groups (p < 0.001). The percentages of images classified as sufficient were higher for images in which a IV catheter was used and also higher for those using the needle visualization software, with significant associations between the results for students' classifications and each of these groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions The human eye classifies an image as sufficient according to higher numbers of pixels. Images of punctures at angles smaller than 45º in relation to the surface, of punctures performed with a IV catheter, and when using specific visualization software are also better detected by the human eye.

Resumo Contexto A obtenção de uma imagem adequada da agulha pelo ultrassom diminui complicações decorrentes de punções, trazendo segurança para os pacientes e diminuindo custos com hospitalização. Objetivos Verificar a percepção do olho humano em relação aos pixels, identificar qual o melhor ângulo da punção e qual agulha deve ser utilizada e avaliar se há diferença com o uso de software de visualização de agulha. Métodos Vinte imagens foram analisadas por 103 alunos, que as classificaram como sendo suficientes ou insuficientes, e comparadas com a qualidade observada pelo photoshop. Avaliou-se se havia diferença entre punções com menos de 45º e mais de 45º, entre cateter EV e agulha introdutora e entre imagens obtidas com e sem software de visualização. Resultados Houve um percentual mais elevado de imagens suficientes entre aquelas que tinham mais de 60 pixels e quando o ângulo era menor que 45º, com associação significativa entre a classificação das avaliações pelos alunos e cada um desses grupos (p < 0,001). O percentual de imagens suficientes foi maior nas imagens realizadas com cateter EV e naquelas que utilizaram o software de visualização da agulha, ocorrendo associação significativa entre os resultados da classificação pelos alunos e cada um desses grupos (p < 0,001). Conclusões O olho humano classifica a imagem como sendo suficiente de acordo com a maior quantidade de pixels. Imagens puncionadas com ângulos menores que 45º em relação à superfície, realizadas com cateter EV e utilizando software específico de visualização também são mais bem detectadas pelo olho humano.

Cien años de la Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública: visualización de sus contenidos / One hundred years of the Pan American Journal of Public Health: visualizing its content / Cem anos da Revista Pan-Americana de Saúde Pública: visualização do seu conteúdo

RESUMEN Objetivos. Explorar la alineación del contenido de los artículos publicados por la Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública durante sus 100 años de existencia, con los temas sanitarios claves de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis bibliométrico con visualización de sus resultados. Se recuperó la información sobre los artículos publicados en la Revista a partir del Repositorio Institucional para Intercambio de Información (IRIS) de la OPS para los primeros 75 años y de Scopus para los últimos 25 años hasta febrero del 2022; para establecer los temas claves de la OPS se usaron referencias a documentos de los Cuerpos Directivos y declaraciones de los directores. Resultados. Se obtuvieron inicialmente 12 573 publicaciones y se consideraron para el análisis 9 289 para el período 1922 a 1996 y 3 208 para el período 1997 a 2022. Para el análisis bibliométrico de la información de Scopus se tuvieron en cuenta indicadores como los autores y su procedencia, el idioma de las publicaciones, y el número y la procedencia de las citas. Para las visualizaciones, se dividieron las publicaciones en cinco períodos a fin de que estos coincidieran con los períodos establecidos para el análisis de los temas prioritarios de la OPS. Se realizaron mapas de coocurrencia de palabras claves para observar la evolución de los temas de las publicaciones y relacionarlos con los enfoques de la salud pública en cada período. Conclusión. Las temáticas publicadas en la Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública y sus boletines precursores reflejan la historia de la salud pública regional y su evolución a lo largo del tiempo, así como los temas sanitarios claves de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud.

ABSTRACT Objectives. Explore how the content of the articles published by the Pan American Journal of Public Health during its 100 years of existence has aligned with the key health issues of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Methods. A bibliometric analysis was carried out, with visualization of its results. Information on articles published in the Journal was retrieved from PAHO's Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS) for the first 75 years and Scopus for the last 25 years, until February 2022; References to Governing Bodies documents and statements by the directors were used to establish PAHO's key themes. Results. Initially, 12 573 publications were obtained and 9 289 were considered for analysis for the period 1922 to 1996, and 3 208 for the period 1997 to 2022. For the bibliometric analysis of the Scopus information, indicators such as the authors and their origin, language of publication, and number and origin of citations were considered. For the visualizations, publications were divided into five periods so that they coincided with the periods established for the analysis of PAHO's priority themes. Keyword co-occurrence maps were made to observe the evolution of published topics and relate them to public health approaches in each period. Conclusion. The topics published in the Pan American Journal of Public Health and its precursor bulletins reflect the history of regional public health and its evolution over time, as well as the key health issues of the Pan American Health Organization.

RESUMO Objetivos. Explorar o alinhamento do conteúdo dos artigos publicados na Revista Pan-Americana de Saúde Pública em seus 100 anos de existência com os principais temas de saúde da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS). Métodos. Fez-se uma análise bibliométrica com visualização de seus resultados. Informações sobre os artigos publicados na revista foram recuperadas do Repositório Institucional para o Intercâmbio de Informações (IRIS, na sigla em inglês) da OPAS para os primeiros 75 anos, e da base de dados Scopus para os últimos 25 anos, até fevereiro de 2022. Para estabelecer os principais temas da OPAS, foram usadas referências a documentos dos órgãos diretores e declarações dos diretores. Resultados. Inicialmente, foram obtidas 12 573 publicações - 9 289 foram consideradas na análise para o período de 1922 a 1996, e 3 208 para o período de 1997 a 2022. Para a análise bibliométrica das informações da Scopus, foram levados em consideração indicadores como os autores e sua procedência, o idioma das publicações e o número e a procedência das citações. Para as visualizações, as publicações foram divididas em cinco períodos para que coincidissem com os períodos estabelecidos para a análise dos temas prioritários da OPAS. Mapeou-se a co-ocorrência de palavras-chave para observar a evolução dos temas das publicações e para relacioná-los com os enfoques de saúde pública em cada período. Conclusão. Os temas publicados na Revista Pan-Americana de Saúde Pública e nos boletins que a antecederam refletem o histórico da saúde pública regional e sua evolução ao longo do tempo, bem como os principais temas de saúde da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde.

CiteSpace knowledge map of research status and trends of Croci Stigma / 中国中药杂志

This study retrieved Croci Stigma related literature from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Web of Science database, and used bibliometrics and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 software to analyze the published Croci Stigma related articles in Chinese and English from 2000 to 2022. The authors, research institutions, and keywords were visualized and analyzed, and the current status and development trend of Croci Stigma research was summarized by combining the information extraction methods. A total of 1 846 Chinese articles and 2 703 English articles were screened out and included. The results showed a generally steady increase in the number of Croci Stigma related articles. The results of the visualization analysis showed that there were more collaborations between researcher teams and major research institutions in English articles than Chinese articles. The Chinese articles was mainly published by China Pharmaceutical University, and most of the inter-institutional collaborations occurred in neighboring regions. The English articles was mainly published by Iranian institutions, and most of the cooperation occurred within the country, with less transnational cooperation. Keywords analysis showed that the research on Croci Stigma was mainly focused on chemical compositions, pharmacological effects, mechanisms, quality control, etc. It was predicted that the future research hotspots of Croci Stigma would mainly focus on pharmacological mechanism and clinical efficacy. The current research related to Croci Stigma still needs to be developed, cooperation should be strengthened, and more in-depth research should be conducted.

Influencing Factors and Prediction Model of Performance of Needle Visualization in Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the influencing factors and establish a model predicting the performance of needle visualization in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules. Methods This study prospectively included 175 patients who underwent FNA of thyroid nodules in the Department of Ultrasound in China-Japan Friendship Hospital and compared the display of the needle tips in the examination of 199 thyroid nodules before and after the application of needle visualization.We recorded the location,the positional relationship with thyroid capsule,ultrasonic characteristics,and the distribution of the soft tissue strip structure at the puncture site of the nodules with unclear needle tips display before using needle visualization.Furthermore,according to the thyroid imaging reporting and data system proposed by the American College of Radiology,we graded the risk of the nodules.Lasso-Logistic regression was employed to screen out the factors influencing the performance of needle visualization and establish a nomogram for prediction. Results The needle tips were not clearly displayed in the examination of 135 (67.8%) and 53 (26.6%) nodules before and after the application of needle visualization,respectively,which showed a significant difference (P<0.001).Based on the positional relationship between the nodule and capsule,anteroposterior/transverse diameter (A/T) ratio,blood supply,and the distribution of subcutaneous strip structure at the puncture site,a nomogram was established to predict the probability of unclear display of the needle tips after application of needle visualization.The C-index of the prediction model was 0.75 (95%CI=0.67-0.84) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.72.The calibration curve confirmed the appreciable reliability of the prediction model,with the C-index of 0.70 in internal validation. Conclusions Needle visualization can improve the display of the needle tip in ultrasound-guided FNA of thyroid nodules.The nomogram established based on ultrasound features such as the positional relationship between the nodule and capsule,A/T ratio,blood supply,and the distribution of subcutaneous strip structure at the puncture site can predict whether needle visualization is suitable for the examination of nodules.

Functional analysis of functional membrane microdomains in the biosynthesis of menaquinone-7 / 生物工程学报

Functional membrane microdomains (FMMs) that are mainly composed of scaffold proteins and polyisoprenoids play important roles in diverse cellular physiological processes in bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between MK-7 and FMMs and then regulate the MK-7 biosynthesis through FMMs. Firstly, the relationship between FMMs and MK-7 on the cell membrane was determined by fluorescent labeling. Secondly, we demonstrated that MK-7 is a key polyisoprenoid component of FMMs by analyzing the changes in the content of MK-7 on cell membrane and the changes in the membrane order before and after destroying the integrity of FMMs. Subsequently, the subcellular localization of some key enzymes in MK-7 synthesis was explored by visual analysis, and the intracellular free pathway enzymes Fni, IspA, HepT and YuxO were localized to FMMs through FloA to achieve the compartmentalization of MK-7 synthesis pathway. Finally, a high MK-7 production strain BS3AT was successfully obtained. The production of MK-7 reached 300.3 mg/L in shake flask and 464.2 mg/L in 3 L fermenter.

Visualization analysis of the current situation of tiered health care system of type 2 diabetes in China based on CiteSpace / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the research hotspot and development trend of tiered health care system of type 2 diabetes in China. Methods The relevant research in the field of the tiered health care system of type 2 diabetes in China was sorted out and summarized by using CNKI, WangFang, VIP and Web of Science databases as search objects, and the relevant literature collected between January 1, 2009, and September 28, 2022, was searched. CiteSpace was used to describe the number of articles published, high-frequency keywords, emerging words, and trends. Results A total of 147 valid papers were included. The overall volume of related articles published showed an upward trend. After visual analysis, nine clusters were obtained, including family doctors, tiered health care system, health service system, and primary care. In the past two years, the research trends were mainly focused on primary care, general practitioners, specialist nurses, and quality of survival. Conclusion Research hotspots are focused on the areas of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, primary care, family doctors, and community health services, with the words “medical association” and “specialist nurse” emerging in the past two years. In the future, research should be devoted to improving the tiered health care system of type 2 diabetes and opening up a multi-level cooperative research model, so as to effectively bring into play the advantages and effects of the tiered health care system.

Application of SpyGlass endoscopic direct visualization system in complicated biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the application efficacy of SpyGlass endoscopic direct visualization system in management of complex biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 369 adult patients with biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation who received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for the first time were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative conditions, intraoperative manifestations, treatment outcomes and complications of patients treated with SpyGlass system were analyzed. Results Fifty-six patients were treated with SpyGlass system. The main preoperative symptoms included abdominal discomfort in 38 cases, fever in 8 cases, jaundice in 6 cases and skin itching in 4 cases. Ultrasound examination in 18 patients indicated common bile duct stenosis and significant intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) of 56 patients revealed that 36 cases were diagnosed with common bile duct stenosis complicated with stones, 16 cases of common bile duct stenosis alone and 4 cases of suspected tumors. All patients had definite indications for SpyGlass system treatment. Among 56 patients treated with SpyGlass system, 34 cases were diagnosed with anastomotic stricture complicated with stones, 12 cases of anastomotic stricture alone, 1 case of biliary stone and 4 cases of tumors. Among 48 cases who were successfully treated, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin at postoperative 48 h were all significantly lower than preoperative levels (all P<0.05). No severe complications occurred in 56 patients treated with SpyGlass system. Conclusions Use of SpyGlass system may significantly increase success rate and guarantee surgical safety in the treatment of complex biliary complications after liver transplantation, which is worthy of promotion and application.

CiteSpace-based visualization analysis of domestic and foreign researches on post-traumatic stress disorder in recent five years / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo understand the research status of post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD） at home and abroad in recent five years， and to grasp the research frontiers and hot spots in this field. MethodsTwo electronic databases， Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， were retrieved for the literature published from January 1， 2017 to December 31， 2021. A total of 8 505 literatures were included， then the visualization analysis of the number of publications， authors， countries， institutions and keywords was conducted based on Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace software. Results① The number of publications in domestic and foreign showed an increasing trend in recent five years. ② In foreign literature， the top five countries in terms of the number of publications were the United States， the United Kingdom， China， Australia and Canada， with Canada having the highest centrality （0.18）. ③ Both domestic and foreign research institutions were dominated by universities. ④ In terms of the number of articles published， the top three foreign scholars were Bryant RA， Ressler KJ and Greenberg N， and the top three Chinese scholars were Wu Xinchun， Li Yuefeng， Yan Xingke and Zhang Guiqing （tied for the third place）. Compared with foreign authors， the number of articles published by Chinese scholars was relatively small. ⑤ In terms of research keywords， PTSD and depression were of more concern in both domestic and foreign. ConclusionIn recent five years， PTSD has been a hot topic at home and abroad， with both domestic and international studies focusing on PTSD and depression， and strengthening international exchanges may help promote progress in the field of PTSD research.

Visual analysis of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs in China by bibliometric analysis / 药学实践杂志

Objective To analyze the research status and predict the development trend of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs in China, and to provide reference for clinical comprehensive evaluation. Methods CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database were used to search the published articles of clinical comprehensive evaluation. Literature searching was set from the building time of the database to 2022, the basic information about the published articles was obtained for the evaluation of the literature quality. Bibliometrics and CiteSpace 6.1.R3 software were used to visualize the research authors, research institutions, and key words. Results After data screening, a total of 126 Chinese published articles were selected. The analysis showed that the numbers of published articles were rising continuously, and China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Xie Yanming were the institute and the author with the maximum number of literatures, respectively. Conclusion The clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs was conducted based on the clinical value of drugs, guided by the policy requirements. It is suggested that researchers should conduct the comprehensive evaluation according to the focus and requirements of government agencies, the pharmaceutical industry and the clinical applications.

ETCM v2.0: An update with comprehensive resource and rich annotations for traditional Chinese medicine

Existing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-related databases are still insufficient in data standardization, integrity and precision, and need to be updated urgently. Herein, an Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine version 2.0 (ETCM v2.0, http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM2/front/#/) was constructed as the latest curated database hosting 48,442 TCM formulas recorded by ancient Chinese medical books, 9872 Chinese patent drugs, 2079 Chinese medicinal materials and 38,298 ingredients. To facilitate the mechanistic research and new drug discovery, we improved the target identification method based on a two-dimensional ligand similarity search module, which provides the confirmed and/or potential targets of each ingredient, as well as their binding activities. Importantly, five TCM formulas/Chinese patent drugs/herbs/ingredients with the highest Jaccard similarity scores to the submitted drugs are offered in ETCM v2.0, which may be of significance to identify prescriptions/herbs/ingredients with similar clinical efficacy, to summarize the rules of prescription use, and to find alternative drugs for endangered Chinese medicinal materials. Moreover, ETCM v2.0 provides an enhanced JavaScript-based network visualization tool for creating, modifying and exploring multi-scale biological networks. ETCM v2.0 may be a major data warehouse for the quality marker identification of TCMs, the TCM-derived drug discovery and repurposing, and the pharmacological mechanism investigation of TCMs against various human diseases.

Changes in corneal biomechanics after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis evaluated by corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the changes in corneal biomechanics of patients with moderate refractive error after receiving small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)using the corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST).METHODS:Prospective cohort study. A total of 65 moderate myopia patients(65 eyes)who were scheduled to undergo refractive surgery at the Ophthalmic Refractive Surgery Center of the Ningxia Eye Hospital from November 2020 to November 2021 were included in the study, and there were 30 eyes in the SMILE group and 35 eyes in the FS-LASIK group. The changes in corneal biomechanical parameters, including integrated radius(IR), inverse concave radius(ICR), deformation amplitude ratio 2mm(DAR2), stiffness parameter at first applanation(SP-A1), ambrosio relational thickness(ARTh)and the central curvature radius at highest concavity(HC-Radius)were observed by Corvis ST between both groups preoperatively and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.RESULTS: There were no statistical significance in biomechanical parameters between two groups of patients 1 and 3mo postoperatively(P&#x0026;#x003E;0.05). IR, ICR and DAR2 of each groups of patients 1 and 3mo postoperatively were significantly increased than those preoperatively, and SP-A1, ARTh and HC-Radius were significantly decreased than those preoperatively(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). The biomechanical parameters at 1mo and 3mo postoperatively showed no statistical significance(P&#x0026;#x003E;0.05). In addition, a positive correlation was found between central corneal thickness(CCT)and ARTh and SP-A1 of the two groups of patients at 3mo postoperatively(FS-LASIK group: r=0.727, 0.819, SMLIE group: r=0.683, 0.434, all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05), while a negative correlation was found between CCT and IR and ICR at 3mo postoperatively.(FS-LASIK group: r=-0.697, -0.622, SMLIE group: r=-0.447, -0.491, all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:For patients with moderate myopia, both SMILE and FS-LASIK can reduce corneal biomechanical stability. Both surgeries showed no significant differences in the effect on biomechanical, and the biomechanical has been stabilized at 1mo postoperatively. A correlation was found between postoperative CCT and ARTh, SP-A1, IR and ICR.

Visualization analysis of the therapy of recurrent high-grade gliomas based on CiteSpace / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the hotspots， progress and frontiers of the therapy of recurrent high-grade gliomas， and to provide a reference for the research in this field. METHODS The relevant literature were retrieved from the Web of Science and CNKI during Jan. 1st， 2005-Mar. 14th， 2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R3 software was used to quantitatively analyze the countries， authors， institutions and keywords of the included literature to form visual network maps and generate data. RESULTS A total of 1 019 English papers and 308 Chinese papers were included. The number of international publications kept growing and the number of domestic publications remained stable. Institutions and authors cooperated extensively. The United States featured a large centrality （0.38） and the largest number of publications （442）， with major research institutions such as the University of California San Francisco， University Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center， Dana-Farber Cancer Institute， and important researchers such as Wen， Cloughesy， Reardon， and so on. Domestic research groups were relatively fixed and closed. Internationally， the mechanism of tumorigenesis and drug resistance were the focus of basic research， while there was less basic research in China. Radiotherapy， chemotherapy， targeted therapy and combination therapy were studied the most internationally. Immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy were emerging therapies in recent years. In China， temozolomide and radiotherapy were the main research directions. CONCLUSIONS International attention and investment in the treatment of recurrent high-grade glioma are increasing. The United States has a high influence in this field. Currently， radiotherapy， traditional chemotherapeutic agents and bevacizumab are still the main treatment for recurrent high-grade glioma. Novel therapeutic approaches， including immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy， warrant more attempts and research.

Research hotspots and frontiers of hospital scientific research management based on CiteSpace: a visualization analysis / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the research hotspots and frontiers of hospital research management research from 1981 to 2022.Methods:The relevant literature in the field of hospital scientific research management was retrieved from the CNKI database to explore the trends of publications in this research field. A scientific knowledge graph was drawn and a visualization analysis of the information of authors, issuing units, and research institutions were conducted by Cite Space.5.8.R3.Research hotspots were discussed based on keyword emergence, cluster analysis, and keyword time zone graph.Results:The publication trend in this field was generally policy-oriented, but the cooperation among authors and institutions was relatively loose, and the research hotspots were gradually shifting from scientific research funding management to discipline construction, talent training, translational medicine, and informatization. Cluster analysis found that the main content of hospital scientific research management was scientific research funding and clinical scientific research management and the main management objects were the medical and nursing staff.Conclusions:Hospital scientific research managers must adhere to the policy-oriented approach, strengthen the cooperation and exchanges in scientific research management, innovate the scientific research management mode around the research hotspots and development trends, and promote the quality and efficiency of scientific research management.