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Persons with drug refractory TLE have the option of being managed by surgery. They may develop memoryimpairment with specific etiology of mesial temporal sclerosis and anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR).The study evaluated the semantic verbal memory outcomes in pre- and post-surgery temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE) patients using functional MRI and voxel morphometric methods. Twenty consecutive persons withdrug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and 20 healthy controls were recruited after obtaining the institute ethicsapproval. The fMRI scans were performed on a 1.5 T MR Scanner using standardized semantic verbal memorytasks using a native Hindi paradigm, before and after an anterior temporal lobectomy (in cases). A task-basedfunctional connectivity (FC) was estimated using a conn toolbox. Data analysis was carried out using thestatistical parametric imaging (SPM12) and CAT12 toolbox. Post-surgery TLE group showed increased robustFC in the right middle and posterior temporal regions as compared to pre-surgery session. A significantreduction in grey matter volume was observed in the left temporal lobe post-operatively as compared to presurgery and healthy control groups. In the post-surgery TLE group, neuropsychological scores were reduced inspecific PGI domains such as visuospatial, working memory, and executive functioning. Our results may helpin understanding of memory reorganization in TLE post-operatively.
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OBJECTIVES: Obsessive-compulsive(OC) symptoms have yet to be directly studied in neurodegenerative conditions involving behavioral changes. To examine regional abnormalities in the brains of dementia patients with OC symptoms, we assessed the gray matter density using voxel-based morphometry(VBM). METHODS: We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) with VBM analysis in 106 dementia patients with OC behaviors. In this study, OC behaviors were investigated in patients with neurodegenerative disease using the modified Manchester Behavior Questionnaire. RESULTS: The OC behavior scores were correlated with structural brain volume using VBM. The total OC symptom score correlated negatively with the volume of both putamens, the right middle orbitofrontal gyrus, both anterior cingulate cortices, and the left insula(p<0.001, uncorrected). No gray matter reductions were associated specifically with the OC symptom sub-categories. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that abnormalities in these brain regions may play an important role in the pathophysiology of OCD in neurodegenerative disease. This is the first lesion study to investigate the neural basis of OCD behaviors in neurodegenerative disease.
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Humans , Brain , Dementia , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Putamen , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To estimate brain grey matter volume changes and location of abnormal brain regions cerebrum in early stage of bipolar disorder I (BD),in order to provided objective basis for diagnosing early stages BD.Methods 1 7 cases of BD with duration less than 2 years and 1 7 normal controls were recruited in this study.The volumetric difference of grey matter between two groups were analyzed by using voxel-based morphometry(VBM)software.Statistical threshold was voxel> 100,P <0.001 (uncor-rected).Results Compared to the normal controls,the grey matter volume of BD patients decreased in the left dorcial anterior cingu-late cortex(ACC),left insular,right sub-genu ACC,left superior temporal cortex,bilateral hippocampus-parahippocampus-amydala and left posterior lobe of cerebellum(P <0.001).Conclusion The grey matter volume of early stage BD patients is decreased,main-ly locating in the bilateral limbic system,the superior temporal gyrus and the cerebellar cortex,which probably is the morphological appearance of pathomechanism in early stages of BD.
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OBJECTIVES: The abnormal eating behaviors are revealed in neurodegenerative disease, especially frontotemporal dementia. Several studies have demonstrated that structural changes are related to functional changes in regulation of feeding. But areas in determining eating disorder in dementia remain unclear. We applied voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to assess brain tissue abnormalities in neurodegenerative patients with abnormal eating behaviors. METHODS: We assessed abnormal eating behaviors of sixty three patients with dementia using the modified Manchester Behavior Questionnaire. Volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all patients and gray matter changes were assessed using VBM. RESULTS: Dementia patients with eating problems showed gray matter loss predominantly involving right insula, right anterior cingulate, right superior medial frontal cortex, right orbitofrontal cortex. Overeats scores were associated with atrophy of right anterior cingulate, right superior orbitofrontal cortex, right superior medial frontal cortex, right insula, and right putamen. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that right orbitofrontal cortex, insula, anterior cingulate, striatum regions integrate sensory and motivational information regarding food. The dementia patients with abnormal eating behaviors may be explained by disruption of this integrating system.
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Objective:To explore the pathological mechanism of brain structure in schizophrenia male patients with predominant negative symptoms by Voxel-based Morphometry(VBM) and Wiconsin Card Sorting test(WCST).Methods:Schizophrenia patients were assessed by the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS),the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms(SANS).Finally,fifteen male schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms and fifteen matched healthy controls participated in the study and finished the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST) and 3D MRI scans.Results:The total trails,the number of response errors and perseverant response errors of WCST in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P