ABSTRACT
This center was established at its downtown in 2011. In order to either maintain or promote health-welfare status at the elderly life stage, the center has been providing regular physical exercise courses using hot spring water pumped up there. These activities have been performed cooperating with all 32 community general support centers covered whole the city. Main findings and indication from our activities in these10 years were as follows: 1．Total number of attendants increased from around 60 to 90 thousands a year. About one fourth of them were the QOL (Quality of Life) tour member aged 65 years or more attending twice a week in every 3-month by the courtesy bus, and the others aged 40 years or more attended with their own ways. The attendants aged 75 years or more has gradually increased to 70〜80% of QOL tour member. For the other member, it has been in 20〜30% these 10 years. In addition to the physical exercise in 33〜36°C hot spring water consisted of walking, stretch & flex, aquatic exercise for joint-musculoskeletal pain and others, power-up rehabilitation, exercise for joint-musculoskeletal pain and others were performed on floor, too. The grade of these exercise consisted of 30, 40 and 50% of maximum heart rates depending on physical examination results of 5 m-walk, timed up & go test (TUG), the 30 seconds chair-stand test (CS30), hand grip, functional reach and posture forward bending, and doctors’ inspection. 2．On the follow-up of the physical examinations measured every 3-month, 5 m-walk, hand grip and CS30 were shown to be suitable items due to the availability as the routine examination. The results are substantially useful for reviewing each attendant status in longitudinal course, and indicate our treatments for them. 3．The attendants increased and distributed over the whole city in these 10 years. However, as the proportion of new ones is several percentages each year, the exchange of attendants was less than we expected. This indicates that we should have closer communication with community general support centers in order to distribute our activities to people who need health-welfare promotion, but have never been in the center. On top of that, the usage of our center should be increased for people of middle ages for ideal prevention.
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ABSTRACT Considering that aging leads to losses in postural control and balance, our objective was to analyze the effects of water aerobics on posture alignment and risk of falls in older adults. A quasi-experimental intervention study included 49 older adults in the Intervention Group (IG) and 34 in the Control Group (CG). A plumbed symmetrograph assessed posture alignment, while a Time Up & Go test determined the fall risk. The IG performed water aerobics twice a week for three months. Posture alignment significantly improved in most body segments assessed for the IG, and worsened in the CG. The low risk of falls in the IG increased by 28% in relation to the CG. We concluded that water aerobics improved posture alignment and reduced fall risk in older adults.
RESUMO O envelhecimento leva à perdas no controle postural e no equilíbrio. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da hidroginástica no alinhamento postural e no risco de quedas de idosos. Um estudo de intervenção quasi-experimental incluiu 49 idosos do Grupo Intervenção (GI) e 34 do Grupo Controle (GC). Um simetrógrafo de prumo foi usado para avaliar o alinhamento da postura e o teste Time Up & Go para determinar o risco de quedas. O GI realizou hidroginástica, duas vezes por semana, durante três meses. Houve melhora significativa no alinhamento postural da maioria dos segmentos corporais avaliados no GI e piora no GC. O baixo risco de quedas no GI aumentou 28% em relação ao GC. Concluímos que a hidroginástica melhorou o alinhamento postural e reduziu o risco de quedas em idosos.
RESUMEN El envejecimiento conduce a pérdidas en el control postural y el equilibrio. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de los aeróbicos acuáticos sobre la alineación postural y el riesgo de caídas de los adultos mayores. Un estudio de intervención quasi-experimental incluyó a 49 adultos mayores en el Grupo de Intervención (GI) y 34 en el Grupo de Control (GC). Para evaluar la alineación de la postura se utilizó un simétrograma plomado y la prueba Time Up & Go para determinar el riesgo de caídas. El IG realizó aeróbicos acuáticos, dos veces por semana durante tres meses. Hubo una mejora significativa en la alineación de la postura de la mayoría de los segmentos corporales evaluados en el GI y un empeoramiento en el GC. El bajo riesgo de caídas en el GI aumentó un 28% en relación al GC. Concluimos que los aeróbicos acuáticos mejoraron la alineación de la postura y redujeron el riesgo de caídas de los adultos mayores.
ABSTRACT
This center was established at its downtown in 2011. In order to either maintain or promote health-welfare status at the elderly life stage, the center has been providing regular physical exercise courses using hot spring water pumped up there. These activities have been performed cooperating with all 32 community general support centers covered whole the city. Main findings and indication from our activities in these10 years were as follows: 1．Total number of attendants increased from around 60 to 90 thousands a year. About one fourth of them were the QOL (Quality of Life) tour member aged 65 years or more attending twice a week in every 3-month by the courtesy bus, and the others aged 40 years or more attended with their own ways. The attendants aged 75 years or more has gradually increased to 70〜80% of QOL tour member. For the other member, it has been in 20〜30% these 10 years. In addition to the physical exercise in 33〜36°C hot spring water consisted of walking, stretch & flex, aquatic exercise for joint-musculoskeletal pain and others, power-up rehabilitation, exercise for joint-musculoskeletal pain and others were performed on floor, too. The grade of these exercise consisted of 30, 40 and 50% of maximum heart rates depending on physical examination results of 5 m-walk, timed up & go test (TUG), the 30 seconds chair-stand test (CS30), hand grip, functional reach and posture forward bending, and doctors’ inspection. 2．On the follow-up of the physical examinations measured every 3-month, 5 m-walk, hand grip and CS30 were shown to be suitable items due to the availability as the routine examination. The results are substantially useful for reviewing each attendant status in longitudinal course, and indicate our treatments for them. 3．The attendants increased and distributed over the whole city in these 10 years. However, as the proportion of new ones is several percentages each year, the exchange of attendants was less than we expected. This indicates that we should have closer communication with community general support centers in order to distribute our activities to people who need health-welfare promotion, but have never been in the center. On top of that, the usage of our center should be increased for people of middle ages for ideal prevention.
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<b>Background</b>: Although crenobalneotherapy is used commonly for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, scientific evidence from our previous systematic review on its efficacy was not strong enough.<BR><b>Objective:</b> To conduct an update of a previous systematic review by analyzing each component of crenobalneotherapy separately for knee osteoarthritis.<BR><b>Data sources</b>: A computerized MEDLINE literature search (1966 to October 2013) was performed and personal data and references were added. Studies that compared crenobalneotherapy to any other intervention or to no intervention were selected.<BR>Study eligibility criteria<BR> Comparative studies published in English or French, evaluating one of the components of crenobalneotherapy (use of mineral water, massages, showers, baths, mud packs and/or water exercises) on patient with knee osteoarthritis were selected. <BR><b>Data collection and analysis</b>: A checklist was used to assess the internal validity, external validity and the quality of statistical analyses. We analyzed several components of crenobalneotherapy separately. We also analyzed the effect of crenobalneotherapy on 4 types of judgment criteria, pain, function, stiffness and quality of life.<BR><b>Findings & conclusion: </b>Crenobalneotherapy appears to improve pain, function, stiffness and quality of life in knee or hip osteoarthritis patients. The efficacy of multiple mineral interventions, as a whole, including water exercise, has a high level of evidence, but, when analyzed for each component the efficacy is not very well validated except for water exercise and heat application. Additional studies with higher methodological quality and larger sample sizes are needed.
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Background: Although crenobalneotherapy is used commonly for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, scientific evidence from our previous systematic review on its efficacy was not strong enough. Objective: To conduct an update of a previous systematic review by analyzing each component of crenobalneotherapy separately for knee osteoarthritis. Data sources: A computerized MEDLINE literature search (1966 to October 2013) was performed and personal data and references were added. Studies that compared crenobalneotherapy to any other intervention or to no intervention were selected. Study eligibility criteria Comparative studies published in English or French, evaluating one of the components of crenobalneotherapy (use of mineral water, massages, showers, baths, mud packs and/or water exercises) on patient with knee osteoarthritis were selected. Data collection and analysis: A checklist was used to assess the internal validity, external validity and the quality of statistical analyses. We analyzed several components of crenobalneotherapy separately. We also analyzed the effect of crenobalneotherapy on 4 types of judgment criteria, pain, function, stiffness and quality of life. Findings & conclusion: Crenobalneotherapy appears to improve pain, function, stiffness and quality of life in knee or hip osteoarthritis patients. The efficacy of multiple mineral interventions, as a whole, including water exercise, has a high level of evidence, but, when analyzed for each component the efficacy is not very well validated except for water exercise and heat application. Additional studies with higher methodological quality and larger sample sizes are needed.
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PURPOSE: To confirm the effect of water exercise program for treating the gestational edema. METHODS: Both low leg volume, body weight and urine specific gravity were measured in thirty women with gestational edema before and after water exercise program. Fetal heart rate, maternal heart rate and maternal blood pressure were measured before and after water exercise program. RESULTS: Right leg volume was decreased by 286 ml from 1714 to 1428 mL (P<.0001), left leg volume was decreased by 267 mL from 1,644 to 1,377 mL (P<0.0001), and total leg volume was decreased by 553 mL from 3,359 to 2,805 mL (P<0.0001). Urine specific gravity was decreased by 0.0047 from 1.0197 to 1.0150 (P=0.004). Maternal body weight, heart rate, blood pressure, and fetal heart rate were showed no significant change. CONCLUSION: Water exercise program is effective and safe method for treating the gestational edema.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Blood Pressure , Body Weight , Edema , Heart Rate , Heart Rate, Fetal , Leg , Specific GravityABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of water exercise, including functional mobility in water, performed either once or twice a week in elderly who require nursing care. Twenty-one subjects were assigned to two groups. Ten subjects trained once a week for 6 months. Eleven subjects trained twice a week for 6 months. Water exercise consisted of warming up on land and walking,ADL exercise,resistance training, stretching and relaxation in water. Functional mobility was evaluated by FIM during pre-exercise,after 3 months and 6 months. There were significant improvements in functional mobility after 6 months compared to pre-exercise in both groups. Functional mobility in the group who trained once a week did not improve at 3 months compared to pre-exercise. Although the group who trained twice a week showed a dramatic improvement in functional mobility after 3 months compared to pre-exercise, and no change after 3 months compared to after 6 months. These results indicate that water exercise once or twice a week for 6 months, including functional mobility in elderly who require nursing care, can improve functional mobility, especially, exercise twice a week could improve it within 3 months.
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The purposes of this study were to develop a low-impact underwater exercise program that can be implemented at water temperatures around 40 degrees C, an environment commonly available in many hot-spring bathing facilities in Japan, and further to verify the effectiveness of the program by experiments.<br>This program assumes three patterns of bathing, i. e., foot bathing, hip bathing, and chest bathing, considering the designs of bathtubs in such facilities. It also incorporates five categories of underwater exercise, i. e., warming up, toning, flexibility exercise, relaxation, and cooling down, for each pattern of bathing.<br>The underwater exercise program was tried by ten elderly female subjects (aged 67±5).<br>The results indicated significant differences in rectal temperature and heart rate from those in plain-water bathing but with little physiologic damage. Therefore, these results suggest that the aged can participat in the newly developed underwater exercise program while they are bathing in hot springs.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between underwater and land-based exercise in leg muscle activity. Nine healthy males (mean age : 21.7±0.5 years, mean height : 173.4±2.2 cm) had electrodes placed on their left leg muscles (Tibialis Anterior ; TA, Medial Gastrocnemius ; MG, Soleus ; SOL, Rectus Femoris ; RF, and Biceps Femoris ; BF), and their muscle activity was measured during various exercises. The subjects performed six types of exercise such as the forward walk, backward walk, squat, calf raise, leg range, and one leg wave, both in the water (waist level) and on land. These exercises were categorized as 3 types of leg movement according to direction ; horizontal, vertical, and mixed movement.<BR>In the forward walk and backward walk, categorized as horizontal movements, the integrated electromyogram (IEMG) significantly increased during underwater exercise compared with on land. In the squat, as a vertical movement, the IEMG showed a similar change under both conditions. In the calf raise, as a vertical movement, and leg range and one leg wave, as mixed movements, the IEMG significantly decreased during underwater exercise compared with on land. These results suggest that leg muscle activity during underwater exercise is different based on the movement direction of the legs. In a word, it was apparent that movement in a horizontal direction underwater provides greater activity for leg muscles than on land; but movement in a vertical and/or mixed direction underwater provides less activity for leg muscles than on land. In prescribing an exercise program, it may be helpful to understand the differences between underwater and land-based exercise in leg muscle activity.
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BACKGROUND: Because up to 80% of all illness encountered in a primary care physician's office is due to psychological stress, stress management is important for the aged who are susceptible to stress. The positive effect of exercise therapy on psychological stress has been studied for a long time, but the research related to geriatric stress and exercise is still insufficient. Therefore, we investigated the effect of aquarobics, which is known to be suitable for the aged, on the stress reduction. METHODS: The data were collected from 11 women over 60 years old who visited the Public Health Center of Seodaemun-gu Office. The subjects participated in a 3 months' water exercise program 2 times a week for 60 minutes. Before and after exercise program, they were assessed according to Modified-Korean BEPSI scores. RESULTS: The subjects exercised 31 times on average (Maximum 40). Before exercise, mean BEPSI score was 1.6, which conformed to moderate risk group, but after 3 months exercise program they showed statistically significant stress reduction when compared to pre-exercise state (P=0.0313). CONCLUSION: We conclude that 3 months water exercise program reduced stress effectively in the aged over 60 years.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Exercise Therapy , Geriatrics , Physicians' Offices , Primary Health Care , Public Health , Stress, Psychological , WaterABSTRACT
The under-water exercise is a specific sports.Because of the different of pressure,buoyancy,resistance and heat conductivity between water and land,The effect of under-water exercise on body's physiological function was different from the land.It has been evaluate in this paper that the characteristic of physiological function and regularity of energy metabolism in the under-water exercise
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of acute water and land exercises on pain, state anxiety and salivary cortisol concentration in chronic low back pain (LBP) patients. Ten myofascial LBP patients participated in the experiment. Their mean age was 60.2 (SD : 9.0) yrs, and their mean duration of pain was 5.6 (3.7) yrs. The water and the land exercise programs consisted of the same physical movements, and prescribed according to the intensity of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) 11. The heart rate of the participants was measured during exercise to monitor exercise intensity. Results showed that the mean heart rate during exercises (except Warming up and Cooling down) were 88.1±1.6 bpm for water exercise, and 97.0±2.1 bpm for land exercise (p<0.01) . Significant decreases were found in pain score (visual analogue scale ; VAS, p<0.05) and state anxiety (p<0.01) after water exercise. Salivary cortisol concentration showed a significant increase after water exercise (p<0.05) . No significant changes were shown after land exercise in VAS, state anxiety and salivary cortisol concentration. From these results, we suggested that acute water exercise has the benefit in chronic LBP patients of decreasing pain and state anxiety compared with acute land exercise. In addition, salivary cortisol concentration might be much more influenced by exercise intensity than physical or psychological stress such as pain and anxiety.
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We performed electromyographic observations of M. deltoideus, M. biceps, M. triceps brachii, and extensor and flexor muscles of the right forearms of four healthy males (22.3 years old average) during various exercises of the right upper extremity on ground and in water. All electromyographic activities were examined through integral analysis. During exercise in water, the proximal part of the upper arm showed a significantly lower electric discharge than that for the exercises on the ground (p<0.05). Furthermore, forearm muscles showed significantly higher electrical discharge than that for the same exercise on the ground (p<0.05). We investigated the effects of therapeutic exercises in water in a temperature-adjusted pool on 15 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (average 48.0 years old, Stage 2.3, and Class 1.9). The respiratory function, dorsal muscle power, power around a knee, grasping power, elasticity of the trunk and lower extremities, Lansbury index, and Japan Orthopedic Association's judgment score for rheumatoid arthritic knees were improved significantly (p<0.05) after an eight-week course of therapeutic exercises in water (two session a week). The result of a psychological test showed that their mental conditions were significantly improved (p<0.01) by therapeutic exercises in water. No aggravation of inflammatory reactions was observed in serological examinations before and after the exercise. We concluded that therapeutic exercise in water was an effective treatment method for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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We subjected six male lumbago patients (average age of 58.2 years) to underwater therapeutic exercise with and without a hydropower system (Flow Machine (FM)) twice a week for 4 weeks (a total of 10 hours) at an interval of 10 weeks between the two therapeutic sessions. The FM produced running water (average speed of 0.9meter/second) in a temperature-controlled pool. The water temperature was kept to about 30°C, The subjects received a total of four examinations before and after these two therapeutic sessions. We compared the results of these two therapeutic sessions (under-water therapeutic exercise with FM and without FM) and obtained the conclusions described below.<br>Improvements of obesity, anaerobic power, power around knee, vital capacity and total score in lumbago treatment (results of Japanese Orthopaedic Association) were observed more significantly (p<0.05) and rapidly with the use of FM than without FM. Further, increased HDL-cholesterol and decreased free fatty acid in blood were observed significantly (p<0.05) only for FM use.<br>It was suggested that the resistance of running water, vibratile massage effect, and heat action of produced supersonic waves promoted the above improvements. We concluded that the hydropower system was useful in underwater therapeutic exercise on lumbago patients.
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of exercise training in water (water exercise) in sedentary obese women. Twenty-three women, aged 23-58 years (mean±SD 41.7±11.7), partici pated in this study. Any volunteer with diagnosed disease or taking prescribed medication that might influence the outcome of this study was excluded from participation. The women were allocated either to the exercise group (n =15, weight =65.2±12.3 kg, %body fat=39.2±7.0%) or the control group (n = 8, 62.4±8.3 kg, 34.0±2.4%), respectively. The exercise program consisted of dynamic movements for 60 minutes per session, three days per week for 16 weeks. The exercise intensity was set at approximately 65% of the age-related maximal heart rate. The attendance rate on the program was 89.2±3.0%. The body mass and %body fat of the exercise group decreased significantly by 4.7±1.9 kg (<I>P</I><0.05) and 3.6±2.4% (<I>P</I><0.01), respectively, compared with the preexercise values. Significant improvements in their aerobic capacity, trunk flexibility and vertical jump (<I>P</I><0.05) were also observed. Their energy intake and the amount of other daily physical activity remained essentially unchanged throughout the study. No significant changes in any of the parameters measured occurred, in the control group. These findings indicate that water exercise improved the body composition and physical fitness of obese women.