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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(6): 1758-1763, dic. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528794

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The Olympic Games always offer great interest when it comes to water polo. Currently, many selections have an approximate quality and details determine who will win. Prior to the tournament the authors wanted to verify body composition and anthropometric characteristics of players of the three national teams, Serbia, the United States of America (USA) and Montenegro. The purpose of this research was to determine the differences in body composition and anthropometric characteristics between the water polo players of the national team of Serbia and Olympic champion in Tokyo 2021, the national team of USA which took sixth place and the national team of Montenegro, which took the eighth place. Body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass (body composition variables) were evaluated by Bioelectric Impedance type MC-980 and body height, body weight, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, abdominal skinfold, upper leg skinfold, lower leg skinfold (other anthropometric characteristics) were evaluated by an anthropometer and a calliper. ANOVA showed that there was a statistically significant difference in fat percentage. The LSD post hoc test showed statistically significant differences between the water polo players of the Montenegrin national team (13.33 %) compared to the water polo players of the USA national team (16.67 %). It can be stated that water polo players from Montenegro had a statistically significantly lower fat percentage than water polo players from the USA and a lower level of fat than water polo players from Serbia, though this was not statistically significant. Although the fat percentage is a disruptive factor with athletes, it had no effect on the result at the Olympic Games in Tokyo, because Serbia eventually won the gold medal, the USA obtained sixth place, and Montenegro eighth place. It means that some other abilities influenced the results at the Tokyo Olympics in water polo, for example tactical, physical, psychological, technical... which is to be shown by some other research.


Los Juegos Olímpicos siempre ofrecen un gran interés en lo que respecta al waterpolo. Actualmente, muchas selecciones tienen una calidad aproximada y los detalles determinan quién ganará. Antes del torneo, los autores deseaban comprobar la composición corporal y las características antropométricas de los jugadores de las tres selecciones nacionales: Serbia, Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) y Montenegro, que siempre tienen las mayores ambiciones en las grandes competiciones. El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias en composición corporal y características antropométricas entre los jugadores de waterpolo de la selección nacional de Serbia, que fue campeona olímpica en Tokio 2021, la selección nacional de Estados Unidos que ocupó el sexto lugar y la selección nacional de Montenegro, que acabó octavo. El índice de masa corporal, el porcentaje de grasa y la masa muscular (variables de composición corporal) se evaluaron mediante Impedancia Bioeléctrica tipo MC-980 y la altura corporal, el peso corporal, el pliegue del tríceps, el pliegue del bíceps, el pliegue de la espalda, el pliegue abdominal, el pliegue de la parte superior de la pierna y la parte inferior de la pierna. Los pliegues cutáneos (otras características antropométricas) fueron evaluados mediante un antropómetro y un calibrador. ANOVA mostró que había una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el porcentaje de grasa. La prueba post hoc de LSD mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los jugadores de waterpolo de la selección nacional de Montenegro (13,33 %) en comparación con los jugadores de waterpolo de la selección de Estados Unidos (16,67 %). Se puede afirmar que los jugadores de waterpolo de Montenegro tenían un porcentaje de grasa estadísticamente significativamente menor que los jugadores de waterpolo de EE. UU. y un nivel de grasa más bajo que los jugadores de waterpolo de Serbia, lo que no es estadísticamente significativo. Aunque el porcentaje de grasa es un factor perturbador para los atletas, no tuvo ningún efecto en el resultado de los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio, ya que al final Serbia ganó la medalla de oro, Estados Unidos quedó en sexto lugar y Montenegro en el octavo lugar. Esto significa que en los resultados de los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio en el waterpolo influyeron otras habilidades, por ejemplo tácticas, físicas, psicológicas y técnicas, tal como lo demostrarán investigaciones a futuro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Body Composition , Anthropometry , Water Sports , Analysis of Variance
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(2): 430-435, abr. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385348

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: This research aimed to determine the differences between the junior (U18) water polo players of five Croatian and one Montenegrin clubs in the anthropometric characteristics and body composition. The first sample of the subjects consisted of 14 players of the water polo club Mladost average age 17.57±0.65, the second sample consisted of 11 players of the water polo club Sibenik (17.82±0.65), the third sample consisted of 13 players of the water polo club Primorje (17.23±1.01), the fourth sample consisted of 15 players of the water polo club Mornar (17.13±0.64), the fifth sample consisted of 13 players of the water polo club Medvescak (17.92±0.76) and the sixth sample consisted of 10 players of the water polo club Jadran Herceg Novi (Montenegro) (17.70±1.34). In the 2010-11 season, these clubs participated in Regional Water Polo League, commonly known as the Regional League or Adriatic League in Southeast Europe. The measurements was conducted in the competition season in the period September-December 2010, at sports centers and swimming pools of water polo clubs that participated in the research. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were evaluated using a battery of 12 variables: body height, body weight, arm length, arm span, leg length, foot length, chest skinfold, triceps skinfold, back skinfold, abdominal skinfold, upper leg skinfold and body mass index. The standard central and dispersion parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the water polo players of six teams in the variables for assessing anthropometric characteristics and body composition were determined using ANOVA and an LSD Post Hoc test.Based on the central and dispersion parameters, it can be stated that the values of all the variables are highly similar to all of the water polo players of these six clubs. The ANOVA test found that the water polo players of the six international clubs do not have statistically significant differences in the variables for assessing anthropometric characteristics and body composition.


RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre los jugadores de waterpolo juvenil (U18) de cinco clubes croatas y uno montenegrino en las características antropométricas y la composición corporal. La primera muestra estuvo conformada por 14 jugadores del club de waterpolo Mladost de una edad promedio 17,57 ± 0,65 años, la segunda muestra estuvo conformada por 11 jugadores del club de waterpolo Sibenik (17,82 ± 0,65), la tercera muestra estuvo conformada por 13 jugadores de waterpolo del club Primorje (17,23 ± 1,01), la cuarta muestra estuvo formada por 15 jugadores del club de waterpolo Mornar (17,13 ± 0,64), la quinta muestra estuvo formada por 13 jugadores del club de waterpolo Medvescak (17,92 ± 0,76) y la sexta muestra consistió en 10 jugadores del club de waterpolo Jadran Herceg Novi (Montenegro) (17,70 ± 1,34). En la temporada 2010-11, estos clubes participaron en la Liga Regional de Waterpolo, comúnmente conocida como la Liga Regional o Liga Adriática en el sudeste de Europa. Las mediciones se realizaron en la temporada de competencias en el período septiembre-diciembre de 2010, en los polideportivos y piscinas de los clubes de waterpolo que participaron en la investigación. Las características antropométricas y la composición corporal se evaluaron utilizando una batería de 12 variables: altura corporal, peso corporal, longitud del brazo, extensión del brazo, longitud de la pierna, longitud del pie, pliegue del pecho, pliegue del tríceps, pliegue cutáneo de la espalda, pliegue cutáneo abdominal, pliegue cutáneo de la parte superior de la pierna e índice de masa corporal. Se calcularon los parámetros estándar central y de dispersión de todas las variables. Se determinó la significancia de las diferencias entre los jugadores de waterpolo de seis equipos en las variables de evaluación de características antropométricas y composición corporal mediante ANOVA y un test LSD Post Hoc. Con base en los parámetros central y de dispersión, se observó que los valores de todas las variables eran muy similares en todos los jugadores de waterpolo de estos seis clubes. La prueba ANOVA mostró que los jugadores de waterpolo de los seis clubes internacionales no tienen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables para evaluar características antropométricas y composición corporal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Body Composition , Anthropometry , Water Sports , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Analysis of Variance
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(3): 720-725, June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098311

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research was to determine the differences between the cadets (U15) water polo players of national teams of Montenegro and Croatia in the body composition and anthropometric characteristics. A sample of 32 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects was consisted of 16 water polo players of Montenegro national team of the average age 14.69±.48, the vice champions on the European Championships in Burgas (Bulgaria) 2019, while the other sub-sample was consisted of 16 water polo players of national team of Croatia of the average age of 14.75±.45, who occupied the eighth position on the European Championships in Burgas (Bulgaria) 2019. Water polo players were tested at the final preparations just before the European championship. Body composition and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, abdominal skinfold, upper leg skinfold, lower leg skinfold, body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass. The standard central and dispersion parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the water polo players of two national teams in the variables for assessing body composition and anthropometric characteristics was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that there are statistically significant differences in five variables, in three variables at p<0.01 (body height, triceps skinfold and biceps skinfold), and in two variables at p<0.05 (upper leg skinfold and muscle mass). It can be stated that the water polo players of Montenegro have statistically significantly higher triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold and upper leg skinfold, and statistically significantly lower body height and muscle mass than the water polo players of Croatia.


El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre los jugadores cadetes de waterpolo (U15) de los equipos nacionales de Montenegro y Croacia en la composición corporal y las características antropométricas. Se dividió una muestra de 32 jugadeores en dos submuestras. La primera submuestra consistió en 16 jugadores de waterpolo del equipo nacional de Montenegro con una edad promedio de 14,69 ± 0,48, los vicecampeones del Campeonato de Europa en Burgas (Bulgaria) 2019, mientras que la otra submuestra estuvo compuesta de 16 jugadores de waterpolo del equipo nacional de Croacia con una edad promedio de 14,75 ± 0,45, que ocuparon la octava posición en el Campeonato de Europa en Burgas (Bulgaria) 2019. Los jugadores de waterpolo fueron probados en los preparativos finales justo antes del campeonato europeo. La composición corporal y las características antropométricas se evaluaron mediante una batería de 11 variables: altura corporal, peso corporal, pliegue cutáneo del tríceps, pliegue cutáneo del bíceps, pliegue cutáneo de la espalda, pliegue abdominal, pliegue superior de la pierna, pliegue inferior de la pierna, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa y músculo masa. Se calcularon los parámetros estándar centrales y de dispersión de todas las variables. La importancia de las diferencias entre los jugadores de waterpolo de dos equipos nacionales en las variables para evaluar la composición corporal y las características antropométricas se determinó mediante una prueba t para muestras independientes. Se observó que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cinco variables, en tres variables con p <0,01 (altura corporal, pliegue de tríceps y pliegue de bíceps), y en dos variables con p <0,05 (pliegue superior de la pierna y masa muscular). Los jugadores de waterpolo de Montenegro tienen pliegues cutáneos de tríceps estadísticamente significativamente más altos, pliegues cutáneos de bíceps y pliegues superiores de las piernas, y una altura corporal y masa muscular estadísticamente significativamente menor que los jugadores de waterpolo de Croacia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Body Composition , Water Sports , Anthropometry , Croatia , Montenegro
4.
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ; : 113-120, 2011.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-362588

ABSTRACT

This study examined the effects of the use of contact lenses on static and kinetic visual acuity, ocular pain, and blurred vision during a water polo match. Eleven male water polo players participated in this study, and were assigned to one of two groups: contact lens users (CL, n=5) and non-users (NCL, n=5). Both groups participated in a typical water polo match with four 7-min periods and 2-min resting intervals between the four periods. Static and kinetic visual acuity, subjective ocular pain, and blurred vision were measured before the match (pre-test), during the match (after each of four 7-min periods), and during the recovery phase at 5, 15, and 30 min after the completion of the match.Results showed that kinetic visual acuity was significantly lower for the NCL group than for CL in the 4<sup>th</sup> period of the match. In addition, for the NCL group, kinetic visual acuity was significantly lower in the 3<sup>rd</sup> and the 4<sup>th</sup> periods than at the pre-test time. On the other hand, static visual acuity did not significantly differ between the two groups; but, for NCL, static visual acuity was significantly lower in the 4<sup>th</sup> period than at the pre-test time. According to self-evaluation scores, ocular pain significantly increased in NCL compared to CL in the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> periods. Ocular pain in NCL was significantly higher between the 2<sup>nd</sup> period and recovery phase at 5 min than at the pre-test time. Blurred vision was significantly higher in NCL than CL between the 2<sup>nd</sup> period and recovery phase at 5 min. Blurred vision in NCL was significantly higher at the same duration than at the pre-test time.These findings indicate that the use of contact lenses may prevent ocular pain and blurred vision, maintaining both the static and kinetic visual acuity at a normal level during a water polo match. Further, the results of this study suggest that the use of contact lenses is effective for water polo players.

5.
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ; : 105-114, 2007.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-362399

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of contact lens use in the pool for water polo players. A total of 627 male subjects were studied : junior high school players (n=190), high school players (n=188), college players (n=121) and water polo club players (n=128).Results were summarized as follows : 1) The percentage of players using vision correction devices in daily life was 43.38%, and use of contact lenses during water polo play was 30.14% for all subjects. 2) Junior high school players using contact lenses during water polo play showed a significantly lower rate compared with other players (<i>X</i><sup>2</sup>=34.38, p<.01). 3) There were a lot of users of disposable type contact lenses during water polo play. 4) Players using contact lenses during water polo play had significantly higher corneal and conjunctival damage than subjects using vision correction devices in daily life and subjects without vision correction devices (<i>X</i><sup>2</sup>=13.64, p<.01).We concluded that it was a problem for junior high school players with low vision acuity during water polo play.

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