Vitamin D status in Mexican women at reproductive age, Ensanut 2018-19 / Estado de vitamina D en mujeres en edad reproductiva, Ensanut 2018-19

Abstract Objective: To describe the prevalence of deficiency (VDD) and insufficiency (VDI) of vitamin D (VD), by sociodemographic factors, obesity and physical activity in a probabilistic sample of Mexican women participating in Ensanut 2018-19. Materials and methods: In 1 262 women aged 20 to 49 years, the prevalence of VDD/IVD was estimated and the factors associated with it were evaluated with a multinomial regression model. Results: The prevalence of VDI was 46.1% and of VDD was 31.6%. The probability of presenting VDI and VDD was higher for residents of urban areas, in tertiles 2 and 3 of socioeconomic status, and with obesity, while was lower in women with moderate physical activity. Conclusión: The prevalence of vitamin D in Mexican women continues to be a public health problem in Mexico despite the high availability of sunlight in the country. It is necessary to promote healthy sun exposure in the population and consider fortifying foods with vitamin D.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de deficiencia (VDD) e insuficiencia (VDI) de vitamina D (VD) por factores sociodemográficos, obesidad y actividad física, en una muestra probabilística de mujeres mexicanas participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19. Material y métodos: En 1 262 mujeres se estimó la prevalencia de VDD y VDI y se evaluaron los factores asociados con ellas con un modelo de regresión multinomial. Resultados: La prevalencia de VDI fue de 46.1% y de VDD fue 31.6%. La probabilidad de presentar VDI y VDD fue mayor en residentes de áreas urbanas, en terciles más altos de nivel socioeconómico y con obesidad, mientras que fue menor en mujeres con actividad física moderada. Conclusión: La prevalencia de VDI y VDD en mujeres mexicanas continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en México a pesar de la alta disponibilidad de luz solar en el país. Es necesario fomentar en la población una saludable exposición solar y considerar la fortificación de alimentos con vitamina D.

A survey of reproductive health of women at reproductive age / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the status of reproductive health of women at the reproductive age.Method A self-designed questionnaire was used among 960 married women at the reproductive age to investigate the health status.Results The women(59.8%)had an abnormal pregnant history.The reproductive diseases in them were mainly cervicitis(11.6%),pelvic inflammatory disease(5.4%)and uterine fibroids(4.0%).Thirty-one point one perent of them knew well about their fertile time, 58.6%of them wanted most to know the choice of contraception,and 30.0%obtained the knowledge on female reproductive health knowledge from the hospitals.Conclusion Such measures as doing health education in various ways,strengthening the reproductive health knowledge and enhancing the knowledge of contraception are important for the improvement of the reproductive health knowledge.

Reprodutibilidade e validade da codificação da declaração de óbito em mulheres em idade fértil de Belém, Pará, Brasil. / Reproducibility and validity of death certificates of women at reproductive age in Belém do Pará city, Brazil.

As mulheres em idade fértil representam parcela importante da população brasileira, sendo relevante estudar o perfil da mortalidade pela possível contribuição associada a fatores reprodutivos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a reprodutibilidade e validade da classificaçãoda causa básica de óbito em mulheres em idade fértil residentes em Belém, estimando as repercussões dos erros nas taxas de mortalidade. Todas as 532 declarações de óbitos de mulheres de 10 a 49 anos registrados no SIM em 2004 como residentes em Belém foramreclassificadas por um técnico independente. Foram calculadas as mortalidades proporcionais e as taxas de mortalidade das duas classificações. A codificação, analisada segundo capítulosda CID-10, revelou concordância de 93% (kappa = 0,92) e um valor preditivo positivo variando de 83,7% a 100%. Em relação à Lista Especial para Mortalidade 2, as causas mais frequentes foram o câncer de colo de útero, o de mama e as doenças cerebrovasculares, que tiveram astaxas de mortalidade subestimadas pelo sistema oficial em, respectivamente, 4,8%, 7,4% e 12%. A mortalidade das mulheres em idade fértil não sofreu alterações substanciais, permitindoconcluir que a estatística de mortalidade em Belém é uma fonte de dados fidedigna para a população estudada.

Women at reproductive age are an important fraction of general population in Brazil, being relevant to study their mortality pattern aiming to ascertain the contribution of associated reproductive risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the death certificate reproducibility and validity among women at reproductive age in the city of Belém, thus allowing estimating theproportion of mistakes on mortality rates. All deaths among women aged 10 - 49 years old in Belem in 2004 (n= 532 death certificates) were retrieved from the Sistema Nacional de Mortalidade (SIM ? Brazilian national mortality system) files, being the causes of death reanalyzed byan independent trained professional. Mortality rates and proportional mortality were also ascertained using both classifications. Coding reliability was evaluated, and an agreement of 93% (kappa = 0.92) between ICD10th chapters was observed. Positive predictive value ranged from 83.7% to 100%, in the diverse chapters. According to the Mortality?s Special List 2, the causes of deaths showing highest frequencies were uterus cervical cancer, breast cancer andbrain vessels diseases, which yielded into underreported mortality coefficients in the official coding system of, respectively, 4.8%, 7.4% and 12%. As a whole, the mortality pattern among women at reproductive age was not substantially affected, allowing the conclusion that mortalitystatistics in Belém remain a valid data source in the studied population.

THE ROLE OF SERUM TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR IN SCREENING IRON DEFICIENCY IN NON-PREGNANT WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE / 营养学报

Objectives: To study the reliability and sensitivity of serum transferrin receptor(sTfR) and sTfR/SF in assessing iron status,and explore the efficacy for monitoring early iron deficiency. Methods:941 women at reproductive age from Hebei Province and Shunyi county were included in the study. We determined the serum ferritin (SF)、zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and hemoglobin (Hb), and divided them into four groups: iron normal, IDS (iron deficiency store),IDE (iron deficiency erythropoiesis),IDA (iron deficiency anemia), according to the current criteria for assessing iron status. We randomly selected 189 aliquotes of serum from four groups to determine their sTfR and calculated the ratio of sTfR/SF, ie, sTfR/LogSF、Log (sTfR/SF). Results: sTfR increased significantly according to ID status of different stages,but sTfR/SF greatly increased in all stages. sTfR correlated with the conventional iron status parameters significantly, and could reflect the different aspects of iron status. The efficacy of Log (sTfR/SF) in identifying iron store deficiency reached 99%,higher than sTfR/LogSF and sTfR. sTfR can effectively identify functional iron deficiency,with the efficacy of 83%. Conclusion: sTfR and sTfR/SF all are promising for assessing iron status and screening iron deficiency in women at reproductive age.