Determination of pentachlorophenol in wooden chopping boards with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 预防医学

Objective@#To optimize the determination of pentachlorophenol in wooden chopping boards through pretreatment of miniaturized samples.@*Methods@# The pretreated wooden chopping board samples were subjected to ultrasound extraction (1 mL of 0.5 mol/L K2CO3 added in 5 mL extraction solution) in 8 mL acetone and 2 mL water, followed by derivatization with 0.3 mL acetic anhydride, extraction with n-hexane and separation with DB-5ms column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm). Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with quantitative analysis using the internal standard method.@*Results@#The GC-MS/MS assay showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.01 to 0.2 µg/mL (R2>0.999), with a 0.003 mg/kg limit of detection and 0.01 mg/kg limit of quantitation. The mean recovery rates were 84.2% to 96.7% at spiked concentrations of 0.003, 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg, with relative standard deviation of 2.2% to 6.1%.@*Conclusions@#The established GC-MS/MS assay is easy to perform, environment-friendly, highly accurate and sensitivity, which is feasible for determination of pentachlorophenol in wooden chopping boards.

Application of a comprehensive risk assessment method for occupational disease hazards of employers in occupational health classification management of wooden furniture manufacturing factories / 环境与职业医学

Background The contradiction between science and operability has always existed in the model of classified occupational health supervision and management. Comprehensive risk assessment method for occupational disease hazards of employers provides risk grading and classification for occupational health management, and it's a new attempt to explore classification supervision and law enforcement. Objective To apply a comprehensive risk assessment method for occupational disease hazards of employers to estimate health risk level of wood furniture enterprises, discuss its advantages and disadvantages, and provide a basis for improving the classified management of occupational health. Methods Seven typical factories were selected in counties with highly concentrated wooden furniture manufacturing. Occupational health field investigation and testing were carried out to estimate occupational disease hazard risk level (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ). A self-rated checklist was applied to score occupational health management status by interviewing employers, one by one, and to determine occupational health management status grade (A, B, and C) by the score. Thus, a comprehensive risk level (Class A, Class B, and Class C) of a specific factory was obtained from a matrix of occupational disease hazard risk level and management status grade. Risk verification was carried out based on any abnormality reported by regular occupational physical examination in past 3 years. Results Defects in occupational health management were identified in all 7 factories, among which 6 were grade C with key nonconformities (poor), and 1 was grade B (medium). Disqualified occupational disease hazards were found in 6 of 7 factories, and the workstation-specific disqualified rates were 26.09% (12/46) for noise, 14.71% (5/34) for wood dust (hard), and 12.50% (1/8) for xylene. Level Ⅱ (medium) of occupational disease hazard risk was estimated in 5 of 7 factories, while level Ⅲ (high) in 2 factories. All 7 factories were class C (high risk) accessed by the comprehensive risk assessment method for occupational disease hazards. The occupational health surveillance documents showed 636 batches of regular occupational physical examination were ordered by the 7 employers, and a total of 37 workers from 5 factories reported abnormalities in physical examination, among which 3 workers reported dust exposure and 34 workers reported noise exposure. Conclusion The comprehensive risk assessment method for occupational disease hazards of employers is not able to perform with satisfaction in occupational health classification of wooden furniture manufacturing factories yet. It is necessary to expand the pilot to improve this assessment method and develop an efficient supervision mechanism to ensure the authenticity of the data before it is popularized and applied in classified occupational health management.

Wooden breast and white striping: comparative occurrence in three poultry companies

ABSTRACT: To increase the amount of meat produced, researchers have promoted intensive genetic selection for growth rate and muscling and have improved nutrition and management conditions. However, there has been an increase in the number of reports of breast muscle myopathies observed in poultry processing plants, including white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB). This study aimed to evaluate and to compare the occurrence of WS and WB myopathies in three poultry processing plants and to perform an anatomopathological characterization, including macroscopic and microscopic analyses. A total of 408,334 carcasses were condemned or downgraded due to the presence of WB or WS, which represents 0.73% of the total number of slaughtered animals during the evaluated period. WB was more frequent than WS, but the occurrence of each myopathy varied significantly according to each establishment. WB was more frequent in the establishment which includes only male flocks, an average age of 45 days, and an average live weight of 2775g (B). WS was more frequent in establishment with male, female and mixed flocks, average ages ranging from 41 to 44 days, and average live weight 1731g-2830g (A). It is probably related with specific condition of each poultry company, including genetics, age, nutrition and management conditions. Macroscopically, WB and WS lesions are characterized by hypertrophy and stiffness of the pectoralis major muscle. Under microscopy, the myopathies showed similarities regarding the detected histological abnormalities, characterized by a process of myodegeneration, although the connective tissue infiltrate was more severe in the breasts with WB than in those with WS myopathy. The results found in this study demonstrate that the rates of condemnation for these myopathies are high, vary significantly among the analyzed companies and may cause major economic losses for the productive sector in the region.

RESUMO: Para melhorar a quantidade de carne produzida, os pesquisadores têm promovido ao longo dos anos uma seleção genética intensiva para a taxa de crescimento e desenvolvimento de músculos, além de melhorias nas condições nutricionais, sanitárias e de manejo. No entanto, houve um aumento no número de relatos de miopatias dos músculos do peito observados em abatedouros-frigoríficos de aves, incluindo white striping (WS) e wooden breast (WB). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de WB e WS em três abatedouros-frigoríficos de aves e realizar uma caracterização anatomopatológica, incluindo análises macroscópicas e microscópicas. Um total de 408.334 carcaças foi condenado (total ou parcialmente) devido à presença WB ou WS, o que representou 0,73% do número total de animais abatidos durante o período avaliado. Apesar de a ocorrência de WB ter sido maior do que a de WS, a frequência de cada uma variou significativamente de acordo com o estabelecimento. WB foi mais frequente no estabelecimento que incluía apenas lotes de machos, com média de 45 dias de idade e peso médio ao abate de 2775g (B). WS foi mais frequente no estabelecimento com lotes de machos, fêmeas e mistos, com idade entre 41 e 44 dias e peso médio ao abate entre 1731g-2830g (A). Isto pode ser justificado por condições específicas de cada empresa, incluindo genética, idade das aves, nutrição e condições de manejo. Macroscopicamente, as lesões de WB e de WS foram caracterizadas principalmente por hipertrofia e rigidez do músculo pectoralis major. À microscopia, ambas as miopatias mostraram semelhanças em relação às anormalidades histológicas detectadas, caracterizadas principalmente por um processo de miodegeneração. Nos músculos apresentando WB, o infiltrado de tecido conjuntivo foi mais intenso quando comparado àqueles com WS. Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho demonstram que os índices de condenação por essas miopatias são altos, variam significativamente entre as empresas analisadas e podem causar grandes perdas econômicas para o setor produtivo da região.

Wooden breast and white striping: comparative occurrence in three poultry companies / Wooden breast e white striping: ocorrência em três empresas avícolas

To increase the amount of meat produced, researchers have promoted intensive genetic selection for growth rate and muscling and have improved nutrition and management conditions. However, there has been an increase in the number of reports of breast muscle myopathies observed in poultry processing plants, including white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB). This study aimed to evaluate and to compare the occurrence of WS and WB myopathies in three poultry processing plants and to perform an anatomopathological characterization, including macroscopic and microscopic analyses. A total of 408,334 carcasses were condemned or downgraded due to the presence of WB or WS, which represents 0.73% of the total number of slaughtered animals during the evaluated period. WB was more frequent than WS, but the occurrence of each myopathy varied significantly according to each establishment. WB was more frequent in the establishment which includes only male flocks, an average age of 45 days, and an average live weight of 2775g (B). WS was more frequent in establishment with male, female and mixed flocks, average ages ranging from 41 to 44 days, and average live weight 1731g-2830g (A). It is probably related with specific condition of each poultry company, including genetics, age, nutrition and management conditions. Macroscopically, WB and WS lesions are characterized by hypertrophy and stiffness of the pectoralis major muscle. Under microscopy, the myopathies showed similarities regarding the detected histological abnormalities, characterized by a process of myodegeneration, although the connective tissue infiltrate was more severe in the breasts with WB than in those with WS myopathy. The results found in this study demonstrate that the rates of condemnation for these myopathies are high, vary significantly among the analyzed companies and may cause major economic losses for the productive sector in the region.(AU)

Para melhorar a quantidade de carne produzida, os pesquisadores têm promovido ao longo dos anos uma seleção genética intensiva para a taxa de crescimento e desenvolvimento de músculos, além de melhorias nas condições nutricionais, sanitárias e de manejo. No entanto, houve um aumento no número de relatos de miopatias dos músculos do peito observados em abatedouros-frigoríficos de aves, incluindo white striping (WS) e wooden breast (WB). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de WB e WS em três abatedouros-frigoríficos de aves e realizar uma caracterização anatomopatológica, incluindo análises macroscópicas e microscópicas. Um total de 408.334 carcaças foi condenado (total ou parcialmente) devido à presença WB ou WS, o que representou 0,73% do número total de animais abatidos durante o período avaliado. Apesar de a ocorrência de WB ter sido maior do que a de WS, a frequência de cada uma variou significativamente de acordo com o estabelecimento. WB foi mais frequente no estabelecimento que incluía apenas lotes de machos, com média de 45 dias de idade e peso médio ao abate de 2775g (B). WS foi mais frequente no estabelecimento com lotes de machos, fêmeas e mistos, com idade entre 41 e 44 dias e peso médio ao abate entre 1731g-2830g (A). Isto pode ser justificado por condições específicas de cada empresa, incluindo genética, idade das aves, nutrição e condições de manejo. Macroscopicamente, as lesões de WB e de WS foram caracterizadas principalmente por hipertrofia e rigidez do músculo pectoralis major. À microscopia, ambas as miopatias mostraram semelhanças em relação às anormalidades histológicas detectadas, caracterizadas principalmente por um processo de miodegeneração. Nos músculos apresentando WB, o infiltrado de tecido conjuntivo foi mais intenso quando comparado àqueles com WS. Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho demonstram que os índices de condenação por essas miopatias são altos, variam significativamente entre as empresas analisadas e podem causar grandes perdas econômicas para o setor produtivo da região.(AU)

An intraorbital foreign body with paradoxical radiological interpretations to dive in or not? a surgeon’s dilemma

A 10-year-old girl presented to our O.P.D. with intra-orbital trauma. On radiological workup following admission, USG B Scan, MRI Brain and 3D reconstructed faciomaxillary imaging were indeterminate for presence of foreign body, whereas CT scan showed a hyperdense lesion suggestive of intra-orbital foreign body. In this condition of imaging dilemma, surgical exploration was decided since there was no improvement in clinical symptoms via lateral orbital approach. Two small wooden pieces were detected in orbital exploration. This case highlights the role of history taking, clinical judgement in all cases of intraorbital tumour more so in paediatric population than solely going by the investigative modalities.

An unusual case of orbitocranial wooden foreign body with amazing outcome: A case report

Penetrating orbitocranial injuries can present with foreign body/bodies (FBs) lodged in eye, orbit, and/or brain. But limited literatures are available about FBs lodged partly in orbit and partly intracranially. Here, we present a rare case of orbitocranial wooden FB impacted in right palpebral aperture extending intracranially following accidental fall from height. Unexpectedly, the patient himself removed the FB in fully conscious and oriented state while waiting for neurosurgical intervention, later completely recovered under observation and antibiotic prophylaxis. Therefore, it is important to have high suspicion of intracranial extension in impacted orbital FBs and a team approach for managing such cases.

Biochemical and technological view of broiler chicken meat with pectoral / Visão bioquímica e tecnológica de carne de frango com anomalias peitorais

ABSTRACT: There has been a significant advance in the poultry industry, and new technological and biological processes have accompanied the development of animals and inputs. Alongside the new possibilities for growth, there has been an emergence of new paradigms, including the rise of myopathies among which PSE, DFD, deep pectoral myopathy, oregon disease, acid breast, white stripping, wooden breast and spaghetti meat stand out. They cause considerable damage to the industry, as well as to ride hypotheses for studies in an attempt to better describe them. Researches seek to know about the behavior of proteins and specific protein groups in these anomalies. Groups of proteases are determinant to understand what may be occurring in muscle activity and; consequently, to understand the process in a more detailed way. Therefore, proteolytic systems may be acting on abnormal tissues. Proteases act differently in birds and mammals, but how altered they may be is still unknown. Besides, it is essential to relate the activities of these proteases, measures that indicate technological aspects that are relevant to meat quality standards. These quality standards must be directly associated with the consumption of raw meat in the material destined for processing, regardless of the final product. The important thing is to guarantee information that will lead the industry and consumers that will have, even with the anomaly developed, products that are nutritionally safe . This review discusses the biochemical and technological changes in poultry with pectoral anomalies, and how this affectsmeat quality.

RESUMO: Sabe-se que houve um avanço considerável na indústria de frangos de corte nos últimos sessenta anos, e que consequentemente novos processos tecnológicos e biológicos acompanharam o desenvolvimento tanto de animais quanto de insumos. Com novas possibilidades de crescimento houve também o surgimento de novos paradigmas, sendo um deles o surgimento de diferentes tipos de miopatias. Como o peito é um dos pontos fortes da indústria de aves, muito tem se estudado sobre o assunto, e pode-se destacar PSE, DFD, Miopatia peitoral profunda ou peito verde, Peito ácido, White striping, Wooden breast e Spaghetti meat são as mais comuns. As três ultimas são mais recentes quando comparadas as outras citadas, e ainda há necessidade de compreensão do seu desenvolvimento, mas sabe-se que acarretam prejuízos consideráveis para o setor, além de permear a mente dos pesquisadores com hipóteses para estudos na tentativa de descrever melhor o que ocorre, o porquê de sua ocorrência e, futuramente, compreende-la ao ponto de poder gerar mecanismos para minimiza-las ou até mesmo suprimi-las. Os grupos de pesquisa nos USA, Italia, Brasil, Finlândia, Canadá e Inglaterra estão em busca destas respostas, todavia, até o momento, a Itália é o país que mais tem reportado informações sobre a problemática em torno de White striping e Wooden breast. Mas com todos os artigos até o presente momento, pouco se sabe sobre o comportamento de proteínas e grupos proteicos específicos nestas anomalias. O que há descrito trata-se de diferença entre conteúdo proteico e colágeno e taxa de degradação proteica. Contudo, sabe-se que grupos de proteases são determinantes para compreender o que pode estar ocorrendo na atividade muscular e consequentemtne entender o processo de forma mais detalhada. Logo, uma possibilidade é a compreensão de sistemas preoteolícos como as calpaínas, caspases e como podem estar atuando nos tecidos anômalos. Sabe-se que estas proteases atuam de maneira diferenciada em aves, quando comparada a mamíferos, mas o quão alterada podem estar ainda não se sabe. Além disto, é importante relacionar a atividades destas proteases com medidas que indiquem aspectos tecnológicos que sejam relevantes para padrões de qualidade de carnes. Estes padrões de qualidade devem estar diretamente associados ao consumo da carne in natura quanto ao material destinado à processamento, não importando qual seja o produto final. O mais importante é garantir informações que levem a indústria e os consumidores que terão, mesmo com a anomalia desenvolvida, produtos seguros nos aspectos nutricionais, bioquímicos e tecnológicos. Com base nestas breves informações, foi definido o procedimento metodológico desta proposta que permeia aspectos que incluam o maior número de informações sobre a alteração White striping em carne de aves, e com a reunião destas informações a possibilidade de entender melhor o que ocorre nestas carnes, levando a um conjunto de analises ainda não relatado na atual literatura.

Determinação das características físico-químicas e das miopatias do músculo Pectoralis major em frangos de corte criados em piso de plástico perfurado / Determination of the physical-chemical characteristics and myopathy of the Pectoralis major muscle in broiler chickens raised on perforated plastic floor

Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da criação de frangos de corte em pisos plásticos perfurados sobre a qualidade físico-química da carne e a incidência de miopatias peitorais. Para isso, os animais foram alojados em 14 box, em dois tratamentos, cama e piso, 25 animais por box. Para a capacidade de retenção de água as aves do tratamento piso apresentaram melhores resultados; no entanto, apresentaram maior perda de água por cocção. O músculo Pectoralis major dos animais criados no piso de plástico, apresentou menor valor de força de cisalhamento, entretanto, maior força de deformação. Para as miopatias, o peito dos frangos criados no piso de plástico apresentaram maior incidência de white striping, enquanto os que permaneceram na cama de casca de arroz apresentaram maior incidência de wooden breast. A criação de frangos de corte em pisos de plástico perfurados não influenciou as características físico-químicas da carne, bem como a incidência de miopatias peitorais.

Application of semi-quantitative risk assessment method in occupational health risk assessment of wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To explore the applicability of semi-quantitative risk assessment methods in wood furniture manufacturing companies.@*Methods@#Two medium-sized wooden furniture manufactures were randomly selected as research objects, namely A company and B company. Used the Semi-Quantitative risk assessment method (the ratio method, the index method and the comprehensive method) in the "Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemicals in the workplace" (GBZ/T 298-2017) to conduct occupational hygiene survey, occupational hazard factor testing and occupational health risk assessments for two wood furniture manufacturers from January to October 2018, and compared and analyzed the applicability of these three semi-quantitative risk assessment methods in wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises.@*Results@#The occupational health status of A enterprises was worse than that of B enterprises, and the occupational health risk level was higher than that of B enterprises, and the risk level of A enterprise is 3~4, and the risk level of B enterprise is 2~3. The occupational health risk level obtained by the index method was consistent with the comprehensive method, while the risk level of some occupational disease hazards used the ratio method was inconsistent with the results of the index method and the comprehensive method. Compared with the index method and the comprehensive method, when E/OEL<0.5 or E/OEL≥2, there might be a certain fluctuation in the occupational health risk level obtained by the ratio method.@*Conclusion@#The semi-quantitative risk assessment is more objective, comprehensive and flexible in the application of occupational health risk assessment, and can assess the occupational health risk level of chemical poisons in wood furniture manufacturing enterprises.

A challenging case of a large intraorbital foreign body perforating the nasal septum in a child

A 5 year old boy with a history of fall from a height of about 4 feet, presented after one week with swelling, watering and discharge of the right eye. He had severe conjunctival chemosis with superior displacement of the globe. Computed Tomography (CT) showed a linear low attenuation tract in the right orbit extending from the inferolateral wall up to the left uncinate process of the ethmoid bone with increasing Hounsfield unit after 10 days. The parents did not agree for early exploration. After 10 days an exploration was done and a large linear and irregular wooden foreign body (FB) measuring 4.5 x 1.5 cm2 was removed from the right orbit and a smaller one from the nasal cavity. Four weeks post surgery, his vision was 6/9 in the right eye with the eyeball in the normal position. This case was challenging because of the late presentation, parents not agreeing for early exploration, difficulty in diagnosing by CT and a large and very deep penetrating FB.

Study on the white channel system carved on the wooden acupoint figurine of: comments on lacquer-coating acupoint figure / 中国针灸

There are two systems as the red channel system and the white channel system carved or painted on the wooden figurine ofof Benque school. The two systems are horizontally staggered each other without overlapped. The red channel system, similar towooden figurine, have channels, but without points. For the white channel system, the running courses of channels result from the sensation distributions of the points after optional stimulation. Thewooden figurine focuses on the illustration of the white channel system, named as white channel figurine. Compared with thered channel figurine, together with examples, such as the running course of the white channel related to the meridian of heart-transfer-point, the white channel related to the belt vessel linking to lung-transfer-point, stomach-transfer-point and kidney-transfer-point, as well as the corresponding photographs. It is indicated that thewhite channel figurine is a training aid for testing the sensation marching along channel (SMC) caused by transfer-point stimulation. The white channel system is a flexible way of channel. The study aims to observe the/SMC reaching the affected area and contributes to clinical practice. This discovery is not related to the "intermediate link theory" in the Yellow Emperor meridian system.

Management experience of severe wooden foreign bodies injuries in head and neck region / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To describe our experience with the surgical treatment of severe wooden foreign body (WFB) injuries in the head and neck region.@*Methods @#A case series review of WFB injuries in the head and neck region that were managed at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between 2008 and 2014 was performed retrospectively. The clinical findings and surgical details of ten cases were reviewed. @*Results @#The WFBs were integrally removed from all patients with the average age of 40.9 years. 8 cases dued to falling and 2 cases because of industrial injuries. All cases under-went general anesthesia (6 cases tracheal incision, 3 cases through nose intubation, 1 cases through oral intubation).The lengths of the WFBs ranged from 4.0 cm to 17.5 cm (average 9.96 cm). The procedures lasted 30 to 180 min. No se-vere bleeding was observed. Total blood loss ranged from approximately 3 to 200 mL (average 69 mL). The patients were followed for 11 to 38 months, and no postoperative complications, only 1 cases appeared open type deviation and 2 cases of scar discomfort after neck operation. @*Conclusion @#Surgical treatment of severe WFB injuries in the head and neck region is acceptably safe and effective. Endoscopic surgery can be used in patients with WFBs that are embedded in the maxilla.

The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi

Background: Many buildings in Egypt e.g. museums, mosques and churches, do not possess controlled environments for minimizing the risks of damage of wooden artifacts due to the growth of fungi. Fungal damage usually appears as change in wood color, appearance of stains, and sometimes deformation of wooden surfaces. In this study we focused on the effect that some fungi exert on the properties of wooden artifacts and evaluated the effectiveness of different concentrations of chitosan on their protection against damage by mold fungi. Results: Samples were collected from different monuments and environments, and fungi growing on them were isolated and identified. The isolated Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus flavus and /Aspergillus niger strains were used for the infestation of new pitch pine samples. The results revealed that the lightness of samples infected with any of the tested fungi decreased with increasing incubation times. XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity of incubated samples treated individually with the different concentrations of chitosan was lower than the crystallinity of infected samples. The crystallinity index measured by the first and the second method decreased after the first and second months but increased after the third and fourth months. This may due to the reducing of amorphous part by enzymes or acids produced by fungi in wooden samples. Conclusions: The growth of fungi on the treated wood samples decreased with increasing the concentration of chitosan. Hence, it was demonstrated that chitosan prevented fungal growth, and its use could be recommended for the protection of archeological wooden artifacts.

Effects of a Combination of Wooden Interior and Indirect Lighting in the Bedroom on Improving Sleep Quality and Attenuating Fatigue / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

Objective: We conducted a clinical study to investigate the effects of a combination of wooden interior and indirect lighting in the bedroom on improving sleep quality and attenuating fatigue. Design: Eleven healthy male subjects, whose Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were ≥ 6, participated in a 3-way crossover trial. Subjects rested from 21:00 to 22:00 under a combination of wooden interior and indirect lighting, indirect lighting, or direct lighting, went to bed at 22:00, and awoke at 6:00. We evaluated sleep quality by the St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMHSQ), autonomic nervous function by the Active Tracer, sleepiness and fatigue sensation by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and performance by the Advanced Trail Making Test (ATMT). Results: The combination of wooden interior and indirect lighting improved early morning awakening, nocturnal awakening, and satisfaction with sleep according to the SMHSQ, activated the parasympathetic nerve system at bedtime according to the Active Tracer, and attenuated sleepiness and fatigue sensation at the time of awakening according to the VAS; moreover, it improved work performance according to the ATMT. Conclusion: These results show that the combination of wooden interior and indirect lighting produces a suitable bedroom environment that improves sleep quality and attenuates fatigue.

Penetrating orbital injuries from plant material during pond and river diving.

Diving into lakes and ponds is a common activity of rural children. We present two cases of penetrating orbital injuries from plant matter sustained in this manner. Such injuries pose a particular challenge because wooden foreign bodies are often missed during orbital exploration, and current imaging modalities cannot reliably identify retained organic material. When a patient presents with orbital penetration after a high-risk mechanism of injury, such as freshwater diving, the clinician must maintain a very high index of suspicion for retained wooden foreign body.

Orbito-sinal foreign body.

Perforating injuries of the orbit involving the paranasal sinuses are uncommon. We report a case in which a large wooden foreign body lodged in the posterior orbit and maxillary sinus was surgically removed by a combined approach by ophthalmologists and ear, nose and throat surgeons.

Chronic brain abscess secondary to a retained wooden foreign body: Diagnostic and management dilemmas.

A four-year-old child presented with recent onset generalized tonic clonic seizures. She was operated for a suspected intracranial tuberculoma and was found to harbor an intra-parenchymal retained wooden foreign body with a chronic abscess. The foreign body had entered the brain parenchyma after a minor head injury, sustained three years earlier. She was asymptomatic for the intervening three years. The initial diagnosis was missed by several physicians. A retained wooden fragment via a transtemporal apparently closed head injury is an extremely rare event. The present study reveals the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and stresses the importance of high degree of suspicion to diagnose retained intracranial foreign bodies and the need for early surgical exploration, to avoid chronic and potentially life threatening neurological complications.

A humongous intraorbital foreign body in a "possessed"patient / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

A 39 years old gentleman presented with red painful right eye.He had self-inflicted an injury to his right eye with a wooden stick and he saw a vision of an old man indicating him to do so.Clinically,the right eye was moderately proptosed,complete ophthalmoplegia and the periorbital skin was severely swollen.Imaging showed right orbital cellulitis with inferior ophthalmic vein thrombosis,bilateral cavernous sinus syndromeandimpending cavernous sinus thrombosis.No intraorbital or intraocular foreign body was reported.Despite aggressive intraven ous antimicrobials,the patient's condition was not improved.Exploration done under anesthesia exposed a huge wooden stick at the inferior fornix.Patient showed a remarkable recovery after the removal of the foreign body may occur in psychiatry patient that a possibility of selfinflicted injury.A detailhistory,examinationand appropriate investigations are mandatory to reveal the correlated clinical findings with imaging studies are the most helpful guide in managing intraorbital foreign body could potentially prevent further serious morbidity or

Moxidectin interference on motor activity of rats

The present study investigated the effects of t moxidectin (MXD) in some parameters of rat motor function and neurochemical. The general activity in the open field and the motor coordination in the wooden beam were employed to evaluate the MXD effects. The results showed that, in the open field, even at high doses (2.0 and 20.0 mg/kg), the MXD did not alter the locomotion and the rearing frequencies. However, MXD was able to impair the motor coordination of the animals at wooden beam. Neurochemical studies of striatal GABA and dopamine neurotransmitters showed a reduced levels of dopamine and its metabolite, homovanillic acid, without interference on striatal GABA levels. Since GABAergic receptor stimulation had an inhibitory effect on dopaminergic striatal system, the decreased motor coordination could be attributed to an action of MXD on dopamine system via GABA activation.

A moxidectina (MXD) é uma droga antiparasitária amplamente empregada em animais domésticos; seu mecanismo de ação, em mamíferos, envolve o neurotransmissor ácido gama-aminobutírico (GABA). Esse neurotransmissor tem papel importante na função motora. Assim, no presente trabalho estudaram-se os efeitos da MXD em alguns parâmetros comportamentais ligados a função motora de ratos e também em sistemas de neurotransmissão central. A atividade geral no campo aberto e a coordenação motora na trave elevada foram empregadas para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de MXD. Os resultados mostraram que: no campo aberto, mesmo as doses maiores (2.0 e 20.0 mg/kg) de MXD não alteraram as freqüências de locomoção e levantar. Por outro lado, a MXD foi capaz de prejudicar a coordenação motora dos animais avaliada na trave elevada. Estudos neuroquímicos dos níveis estriatais de GABA e dopamina mostraram redução dos níveis de dopamina e seu metabólito, ácido homavanílico, sem interferência nos níveis de GABA estriatal. Considerando que a estimulação de receptores GABAérgicos tem efeito inibidor sobre o sistema dopaminérgico estriatal, nós atribuímos a redução na coordenação motora a ação da MXD sobre o sistema dopaminérgico via ativação do GABA.

Comparison of biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques for the remediation of used motor oil contaminated soil

This study was carried out on the bioremediation of used motor oil contaminated soil artificially contaminated to a pollutant level of 40,000ppm using biostimulation and bioaugmentation remediation techniques for 42 days. Four treatment options were investigated in wooden microcosms: Control (T1), water amended (T2), biostimulation (T3) and hybrid of biostimulation and bioaugmentation (T4). The effectiveness of bioremediation processes were monitored using the total petroleum hydrocarbon removal (TPH) and total bacterial count (TBC). T3 had the highest TPH removal rate (69.2±0.05 percent), followed by T4 (65.2±0.25 percent) and T2 (58.4±0.5 percent); the control (T1) had the lowest TPH removal rate (43.2±1.5 percent). TBC revealed that bioremediation actually took place; T4 had the highest maximum bacterial growth of 9.6E+07CFU/g, followed by T3 (7.2E+07CFU/g), T2 (1.7E+05CFU/g) and T1 (1.65E+05CFU/g). In addition, T3 had the highest metal removal rate (2.172 percent) and T4 had the lowest metal removal rate (0.203 percent).

O presente estudo trata da biorremediação usandose solo contaminado artificialmente com óleo de motor a um nível de poluente de 40.000 ppm usando técnicas de remediação por bioestimulação e por bioagumentação durante 42 dias. Quatro opções de tratamento foram investigadas no microcosmo de madeira: Controle (T1), água alterada (T2), bioestimulação (T3) e híbrido de bioestimulação e bioaugmentação (T4). A eficácia dos processos de biorremediação foram monitoradas usando a remoção de hidrocarbonetos totais petróleo (TPH) e contagem bacteriana total (TBC). T3 teve a maior taxa de remoção de TPH (69,2 ±; 0,05 por cento), seguido por T4 (65,2 ±; 0,25 por cento) e T2 (58,4 ±; 0,5 por cento); o controle (T1) apresentou a menor taxa de remoção de TPH (43,2 ±; 1,5 por cento). TBC revelou que a biorremediação efectivamente ocorreu; T4 teve o maior crescimento de bactérias 9,6E+07CFU/g, seguido pelo T3 (7.2E+07CFU/g), T2 (1.7E+05CFU/g) e T1 (1.65E+05CFU/g). Além disso, T3 apresentou a maior taxa de remoção metal (2,172 por cento) e T4 teve a mais baixa taxa de remoção metal (0,203 por cento).