Anti-senescence and anti-wrinkle activities of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde from Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey in human dermal fibroblasts

Objective:To investigate the anti-senescence effect of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) from Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Methods:HDF were subjected to treatment of BDB and then treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce premature senescence. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity in HDF was determined using the SA-β-gal staining method. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. Western blotting assay was performed to assess the level of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1). In addition, intracellular collagen and collagenase contents were analyzed using the respective ELISA kits. Elastase activity in HDF supernatants was measured from p-nitroaniline release and normalized using total protein content. Results:Treatment of HDF with H2O2 increased the activity of SA-β-gal, but BDB pre-treatment resulted in the reduction of SA-β-gal activity. Moreover, BDB significantly reduced H2O2-induced intracellular ROS production. BDB also markedly increased the level of GPX1, which was inhibited by 400 μM of H2O2. Furthermore, in in vitro study, BDB significantly increased intracellular collagen content and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-1 and elastase activities in HDF. Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that BDB shows anti-senescence and anti-wrinkle activities in vitro.

An observational study on glabellar wrinkle patterns in Indians

Background: Botulinum A exotoxin is an established treatment for glabellar frown lines, crow's feet, and horizontal furrows of the forehead. The glabella is probably the most common site for botulinum toxin treatment in Asians. Five glabellar contraction patterns have been classified in earlier studies based on eyebrow approximation, depression, and elevation. Unfortunately, this was found to be confusing by many practitioners. Indians, as all Asians, have smaller muscles compared to the European population, and there is no consensus on the optimal dosage per injection site or concentration of toxin to be used. Aims: (a) Identification and classification of glabellar wrinkle patterns in Indians. (b) Optimization of the minimal effective dose of toxin per site. Materials and Methods: Retrospective photographic analysis of 200 patients who received botulinum toxin for the first time to treat glabellar wrinkles was conducted. The wrinkle patterns were identified and classified by the authors based on the prevalence of perpendicular and transverse glabellar lines, nasal, and forehead wrinkles. Results: Six patterns were identified: (1) 11 (2) U (3) Pi (4) X (5) W (6) I. The relevant muscles were identified and doses optimized for those sites. Limitations: The doses mentioned in this study are not universal for all patients and toxin units would have to be altered and individualized according to the bulk of the facial muscles and individual needs. Conclusion: The investigators classification, injection patterns, and dosage may provide valuable guidance to facial esthetic treatment.

Clinical effect of nanofat on improving superficial rhytides of face and neck and dark lower eyelids / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of nanofat on superficial rhytides of face and neck and dark lower eyelids.Methods From September 2014 to January 2017,a total of 86 cases were collected in our hospital for voluntary nanofat transplantation on superficial rhytides and dark lower eyelids.This was a retrospective study,which included 18 cases of eye wrinkles,14 cases of forehead wrinkles,neck wrinkles in 14 cases,and 22 cases of dark lower eyelids.First of all,we harvested mircofat through liposuction,and then transformed mircofat to nanofat.At last,nanofat was grafted into intradermal layer of the skin with sharp needles.We took the standard photographs of the patients.After six months follow-up,doctors and patients evaluated the short term and long-term postoperative effect.Results No serious complications occurred in all patients.Postoperative evaluation of facial and neck superficial wrinkles showed that the satisfactory rate of doctors and patients after one month,was 85.9％and 84.3％,and after 6 months 87.5％ and 84.3％,respectively.Postoperative evaluation of dark lower eyelids showed that the satisfactory rate of doctors and patients after one month was 45.5％ and 36.4％,and after 6 months 81.8％ and 86.4％,respectively.Conclusions Nanofat can rectify the superficial rhytides of face and neck and dark lower eyelids in some patients.However,for some patients the effect is not satisfied.

Effective Use of Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives (CRD) in Managing Photoaging of the Skin: A Case Report / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

Ultraviolet (UV)-induced wrinkle and pigmentation are very common in clinical practice. In this report, we presented the case of a 58-year-old man who developed wrinkle and pigmentation around right hand, face and neck for ten years. Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives (CRD) was administrated orally 2.1g twice a day for 6 months. These lesions were improved in the third month, and a dramatic response was obtained at the end of 6 months of treatment. Further research is needed to define the optimal dose and duration of CRD intake.

Clinical application of ultra-pulsed fractional CO2 laser with lower energy in treatment of periocular rejuvenation / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To compare the scores of periocular wrinkle and blepharochalasis of the patients before and after the treatment of ultra-pulsed fractional CO2laser with low energy,and to illuminate the efficacy of ultra-pulsed fractional CO2laser with lower energy in eyelid rejuvenation including periocular wrinkle and blepharochalasis.Methods:Thirty patients with periocular wrinkles and blepharochalasis who met the inclusion criteria were selected. The patients were treated with ultra-pulsed fractional CO2laser; the laser parameters were 10 mm spot size, pulse energy 5 mJ and repetition rate 600 Hz and the wrinkle walking areas were treated with 2 mm spot size and the same energy again. Two senior dermatologists scored according to the eyelid laxity scale before treatment and 7 d, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment, and statistical analysis was performed.Results: Compared with before treatment,there was no significant difference in the scores of eyelid laxity scale 7 d after treatment(P>0.05); the score of eyelid laxity scale was significantly decreased 1 month after treatment (P<0.05);the scores of eyelid laxity scale were significantly decreased 3-6 months after treatment (P<0.01),and the curative effect was more obvious.In this group of 30 patients, there were usually transient erythema, swelling and mild burning pain after treatment. But no serious complications occurred. Conclusion: Ultra-pulsed fractional CO2laser with lower energy(5 mJ) can improve the periocular wrinkles and blepharochalasis effectively with high security and without severe side effects.

Correlation between cusp pattern and deflecting wrinkle in six ethnic groups from southwestern colombia / Correlación entre el patrón cuspídeo y el pliegue acodado en seis grupos étnicos del suroccidente colombiano

ABSTRACT. Introduction: the cusp pattern and the deflecting wrinkle are two morphological traits whose expression and variability contribute to the morphological configuration of the occlusal surface of deciduous and permanent lower molar teeth. The objective of the present study was to estimate the correlation between cusp pattern and deflecting wrinkle in six ethnic groups from southwestern Colombia. Methods: analysis of 480 plaster models corresponding to 100 mixed Caucasoid mestizos from Cali (50 men and 50 women), 60 Afro-descendants from Cali (34 women and 26 men), 84 Afro-descendants from Puerto Tejada (42 women and 42 men), 116 Afro-descendants from Villa Rica (57 men and 59 women), 60 misak indigenous (37 women and 23 men) and 60 nasa indigenous (35 women and 25 men). Results: there were high frequencies (over 60%) of cusp pattern (Y expression) and deflecting wrinkle (grades 2 and 3) in deciduous first lower molars, mid frequencies (between 40 and 59%) of cusp pattern (Y and + expressions) and deflecting wrinkle (grades 1 and 2) in permanent first lower molars, and mid frequencies (between 40 and 59%) of cusp pattern (+ and X expressions) and deflecting wrinkle (grades 1 and 2) in permanent lower second molars. Conclusions: these frequencies suggest a trend in cusp pattern, which may vary according to the degree of expression of the deflecting wrinkle. This tendency consists of the Y cusp pattern when the deflecting wrinkle is expressed in grades 2 and 3. Bilaterally was observed and there was no sexual dimorphism.

RESUMEN. Introducción: el patrón cuspídeo y el pliegue acodado son dos rasgos morfológicos cuya expresión y variabilidad contribuyen con la configuración morfológica de la superficie oclusal de los dientes molares inferiores temporales y permanentes. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en estimar la correlación entre el patrón cuspídeo y el pliegue acodado en seis grupos étnicos del suroccidente colombiano. Métodos: se observaron 480 modelos de yeso correspondientes a 100 mestizos caucasoides de Cali (50 mujeres y 50 hombres), 60 afrodescendientes de Cali (34 mujeres y 26 hombres), 84 afrodescendientes de Puerto Tejada (42 mujeres y 42 hombres), 116 afrodescendientes de Villa Rica (59 mujeres y 57 hombres), 60 indígenas misak (37 mujeres y 23 hombres) y 60 indígenas nasa (35 mujeres y 25 hombres). Resultados: se presentaron frecuencias altas (mayores al 60%) de patrón cuspídeo (expresión Y) y pliegue acodado (grados 2 y 3) de los primeros molares inferiores temporales, frecuencias medias (entre 40 y 59%) de patrón cuspídeo (expresiones Y y +) y pliegue acodado (grados 1 y 2) de los primeros molares inferiores permanentes, y frecuencias medias (entre 40 y 59%) de patrón cuspídeo (expresiones + y X) y pliegue acodado (grados 1 y 2) de los segundos molares inferiores permanentes. Conclusiones: con base en dichas frecuencias, se observó una tendencia en la configuración del patrón cuspídeo, el cual puede variar de acuerdo al grado de expresión del pliegue acodado; dicha tendencia consiste en el patrón cuspídeo Y cuando el pliegue acodado se expresa en los grados 2 y 3. Se observó bilateralidad y no hubo dimorfismo sexual.

Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives(CRD): An Observational study / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

Functional food research encompasses several types of study designs, including observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs). To clarify the functions of Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives(CRD), we observed 7 refractory skin diseases: case1 Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris, case2 atopic dermatitis, case3 hand eczema, case4 contact dermatitis, case5 wrinkles of a face, case6 acne vulgaris and case7 lentigo senilis(senile pigment freckle). Although CRD intake seemed to be effective in all cases, further studies are needed to define the optimal dose and duration.

Depressor orbicularis lateralis: concept, anatomy and clinical relevance / 中华整形外科杂志

The concept of depressor orbicularis lateralis arises through anatomy of brow ptosis and innovations of its correction. This vertical muscle band is usually found running inferiorly from the lateral brow down along the lateral orbital rim, adjacent to the orbicularis oculi. The muscle segment is a powerful depressor of the brow and may lead to recurrent lateral eyebrow ptosis, if it is not addressed at the time of the facelift. In this review, the anatomical evidence, basic functions of depressor orbicularis lateralis, as well as its clinical relevance and the proper measures in handling this structure as part of brow ptosis and crow′s feet surgery will be discussed.

An overview of dermatological and cosmeceutical benefits of Diospyros kaki and its phytoconstituents

Abstract Diospyros kaki L.f. belonging to family Ebenaceae, commonly known as persimmon is used as a medicinal plant in Chinese traditional medicine since many years for different ailments including cosmetics and dermatologic applications. Traditionally this plant is used to treat different skin conditions including pimples, skin eruptions and eczema. Present interest has been focused toward use of natural bioactive compounds in various curative and beautifying applications in dermatological and cosmeceutical disciplines. The objective of this article is to present cumulative data on potential use of D. kaki for its possible role in dermatologic and cosmetic applications. Scientific data has revealed an excellent position of D. kaki in both dermatology and cosmetic discipline making it a valuable choice in respective field. Active principles from different plant parts have shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, photo-protective, and anti-wrinkle effects with appreciable activities against tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase enzymes. Promising antioxidant activity and skin whitening potential, augmented by reduction in sebum contents, and reduction in size and number of skin pores make it a suitable choice as cosmetic ingredient. Data has been summarized and presented on available molecular mechanism that can contribute toward phytoconstituents usage in cosmetics and dermatology mediated by different cellular pathways. Crude extracts and some of phytochemical obtained from this plant such as isoquercitrin and hyperin have better reported activities than well-known cosmetic ingredients viz., arbutin, kojic acid and hydroquinone with possibility of having no side effects. Photo protection against degenerative effects of UVA, UVB and gamma radiation can help skin to fight well against oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. Further investigation need to be directed toward human subjects for evaluation of these reported activities for obtaining optimum commercial and industrial benefits from this valuable plant.

Synthesis and Anti-wrinkle Efficacy of Botox-like Polypeptide / 医药导报

Objective To develop a new botox-like polypeptide with anti-wrinkle and anti-aging functions, which will be used in the field of cosmetics and dermatology. Methods A series of new peptide compounds were synthesized via modifying the structure of SYN-AKE by peptide synthesis technology. Simulating muscle contraction by using co-culture model of human muscle cells and mouse embryonic spinal cord neurons to test the effects. Results Six new synthetic peptides were selected. The results showed that the muscle contraction frequency was lowered by adding C19 H30 N5 O4 compound than adding SYN-AKE in 1 min(P<0.05). Conclusion C19H30N5O4 is expected to become a new cosmetic peptide raw material and dermatology drug in the field of anti-wrinkle and anti-aging.

Synthesis and Anti-wrinkle Efficacy of Botox-like Polypeptide / 医药导报

Objective To develop a new botox-like polypeptide with anti-wrinkle and anti-aging functions, which will be used in the field of cosmetics and dermatology. Methods A series of new peptide compounds were synthesized via modifying the structure of SYN-AKE by peptide synthesis technology. Simulating muscle contraction by using co-culture model of human muscle cells and mouse embryonic spinal cord neurons to test the effects. Results Six new synthetic peptides were selected. The results showed that the muscle contraction frequency was lowered by adding C19 H30 N5 O4 compound than adding SYN-AKE in 1 min(P<0.05). Conclusion C19H30N5O4 is expected to become a new cosmetic peptide raw material and dermatology drug in the field of anti-wrinkle and anti-aging.

Does Retaining Ligament Exist in the Neck? / 체질인류학회지

The goal of this study was to determine the characteristics of the horizontal cervical wrinkle and to investigate histological feature, especially with respect to elastin and collagen fiber. Histologic sample were harvested from two fresh adult cadavers where the cervical wrinkle is in the neck. The tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or Masson's Trichrome. In sections of neck skin, keratinization was observed in the epidermis, and many collagen fibers were observed in the dermis layer as in other skin. Specifically, a lot of short and curly elastic fiber were observed between the collagen fibers in the dermis. These elastic fibers were not stained with eosin and observed in gray. This long ligament-like structures were observed in the dermis. The ligament-like structures were stained with dark red by trichrome. These results indicate that these ligament-like structures are neither typical ligament nor typical smooth muscles. The results obtained from present study showed a ligamentous structure originating from the fascial layer (platysma muscle or investing layer). The results may help to understand the reasons about the formation of horizontal cervical wrinkle.

Ross Syndrome with Segmental Anhidrosis and Anisocoria: Application of Finger Winkle Test

Ross syndrome is characterized by a triad of segmental anhidrosis, tonic pupil, and generalized areflexia. Selective postganglionic autonomic denervation could be the differential diagnostic point for other diseases of the autonomic nervous system. Here we report a patient with regional anhidrosis in his left hand and sole, and anisocoria. An evaluation of sweating and the pupillary response together with generalized areflexia confirmed the diagnosis of Ross syndrome. The finger wrinkle test is a simple and useful tool for revealing segmental sympathetic denervation.

Classification of Chinese glabellar wrinkles and methods of botulinum toxin type A injection / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To guide the botulinum toxin injections,the types of glabellar wrinkles and the corresponding muscle contraction patterns of aesthetic seeking patients were classified.Methods Sixty aesthetic seeking patients between 20 to 65 ages were selected randomly,whose glabellar wrinkles and muscle contraction patterns were classified and analyzed.Targeted injections of botulinum toxin were taken only within the muscles related to the wrinkles.Results Type‖accounts for 58.3％ (35/60),type ∪ accounts for 26.7％ (16/60),type ∩ accounts for 11.7％ (7/60),and type口accounts for 3.3％ (2/60).Muscle contraction receded 2 or 3 days after injection,reached optimum about 2 weeks,and then maintained 3 to 6 months.Higher satisfaction was obtained using classified injection methods.All objects achieved excellent results.Targeted injections of botulinum toxin on these muscles were able to achieve better clinical effects.Conclusions Using classified injection methods according to 4 types of aesthetic seeking patients’ glabellar wrinkles can achieve higher satisfaction.

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Treatment of Wrinkles and Skin Laxity in Seven Different Facial Areas

BACKGROUND: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment has recently emerged in response to the increasing demand for noninvasive procedures for skin lifting and tightening. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at evaluating the clinical efficacy of and patient satisfaction with HIFU treatment for wrinkles and laxity in seven different areas of the face in Asian skin. METHODS: Twenty Korean patients with facial wrinkle and laxity were analyzed after a single session of HIFU treatment. Two independent, blinded clinicians evaluated the clinical improvement in seven areas of the face by comparison of standardized photographs obtained before, and at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Assessment of subjective satisfaction and adverse effects of treatment were done by using questionnaires. RESULTS: The physicians' evaluation and patients' satisfaction with the clinical effects of HIFU in each area were similar regardless of the number of treatment shots. The jawline, cheek, and perioral areas were the sites where HIFU was most effective, in decreasing order. The adverse effects included erythema and swelling in six cases, and purpura and bruising in two cases. However, the adverse effects were mild and transient. CONCLUSION: HIFU could be a safe, effective, and noninvasive procedure that can be used to improve facial wrinkles and skin laxity in Asian skin. It is particularly effective for clinical improvement in the jawline, cheek, and perioral areas.

Novel Treatment of Neck Wrinkles with an Intradermal Radiofrequency Device

Neck wrinkles commonly develop owing to the aging process. However, recently, the number of patients with neck wrinkles has been increasing. Also, an increasing number of young patients have presented with this condition, possibly because of the effect of the head-down posture that they adopt when using their computer or smartphone. We report two cases of young adults with a prominent neck wrinkle. In case 1, a 29-year-old woman with a neck wrinkle was treated with six intradermal radiofrequency (RF) procedures. Her neck wrinkle was significantly improved with the RF treatment. In case 2, a 32-year-old woman with a wrinkle and generalized light brownish tiny papules on the neck was treated with three intradermal RF procedures simultaneously with 30% glycolic acid peeling. Her wrinkle and skin tone were improved dramatically. We conclude that intradermal RF has a considerable efficacy for reducing neck wrinkles.

Anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 inhibitory activity of earthworm extracts as potential new anti-aging agent

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine whether earthworms of Eisenia fetida, Lumbricus rubellus and Eudrilus eugeniae extracts have elastase, tyrosinase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) inhibitory activity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The earthworms extract was screened for elastase, tyrosinase and MMP-1 inhibitory activity and compared with the positive controls. It was also evaluated for whitening and anti-wrinkle capacity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The extract showed significantly (P<0.05) good elastase and tyrosinase inhibition and excellent MMP-1 inhibition compared to N-Isobutyl-N-(4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl)-glycylhydroxamic acid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Earthworms extract showed effective inhibition of tyrosinase, elastase and MMP-1 activities. Therefore, this experiment further rationalizes the traditional use of this worm extracts which may be useful as an anti-wrinkle agent.</p>

Analysis of the Distribution of Pores and Factors Affecting Facial Pores / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Pores are the openings of the pilosebaceous unit or the apocrine gland. Increase in pore size or in the number of dilated pores may be a cosmetic problem. To date, epidemiological studies on the numbers of dilated pores have been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution of pores and the factors affecting pores. METHODS: We compared the number of dilated facial pores on the face according to site, age group, and sex. The relations of pore counts to wrinkle severity and to the amount of hydration were also analyzed. Dermavision(TM), a device that can take cross-polarization, parallel polarization, and ultraviolet light images, was used. Parameters were measured at three points: the forehead, cheek, and nose. RESULTS: The results revealed that dilated pores were more common on the nose and forehead. The pore counts were increased with age, and the increment was significant between participants in their 30s and 40s. Moreover, dilated pore counts were affected by wrinkle severity. The amount of hydration did not affect the counts of dilated pores. CONCLUSION: In this study, the number of dilated pores differed depending on the location. Moreover, it was confirmed that pore counts were higher in older persons. The pore counts showed a correlation with wrinkle severity.

Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Home-use Intense Pulsed Light Device for Hair Removal, Treatment of Acne and Pigmentation Disorders, and Fine Wrinkle Reduction / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Home-use devices designed for cosmetic purposes have recently gained popularity. Small, low-energy, low-cost intense pulsed light (IPL) systems provide safe, convenient, and private treatment for several medical conditions. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a home-use IPL device for hair removal, acne treatment, achieving a whitening effect for hyperpigmentation, and wrinkle reduction. METHODS: Five IPL hair removal treatment sessions were performed at 1-week intervals. A total of 10 sessions were performed in a split-face manner for other medical conditions. Four independent randomized controlled trials were performed using a blind evaluation method. All subjects were followed up twice to evaluate the maintenance of efficacy. RESULTS: A significant reduction in hair was observed via trichoscopy following two sessions of treatment (p<0.001). A mean hair reduction of 80% was observed at week 4; however this returned to the previous state upon cessation of treatment. Acne grading decreased from 2.6 to 1.1 at week 8, and IPL treatment induced a significant reduction in melanin index after 2 weeks. The average values of the difference of R2 (Cutometer(R)) between IPL-treated areas and baseline were higher than those of the difference of R2 between control area and baseline. CONCLUSION: This home-use IPL device was effective for hair removal and treatment of acne, hyperpigmentation, and wrinkles.

Treatment of Acne Scars and Wrinkles in Asian Patients Using Carbon-Dioxide Fractional Laser Resurfacing: Its Effects on Skin Biophysical Profiles

BACKGROUND: Although ablative fractional resurfacing is known to be effective against photoaging and acne scars, studies on its efficacy, safety and changes in the skin characteristics of Asians are limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide fractional laser (CO2FL) in Koreans treated for wrinkles and acne scars, and to define the changes in skin characteristics during recovery period. METHODS: We administered one session of CO2FL on 10 acne scar patients and 14 wrinkles patients with skin types IV and V. The surveillance of efficacy and side effects along with the measurement of biophysical properties was carried out before 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: Using a non-invasive method, skin barrier damage, erythema and bronzing of skin during the recovery period were assessed, and all of the items eventually returned to the pre-treatment level. Skin elasticity was measured in the wrinkle group, and the statistically significant effect was sustained throughout the next three months. The outcome of treatment was found to be better than 'moderate improvement' in both the acne scar and wrinkle groups. Further, there were no serious side effects three months post-procedure. CONCLUSION: CO2 FL is thought to be an effective and safe method for treating moderate to severe acne scars and wrinkles in Asians.