Unilateral acute cataract after facial aesthetic procedure: a case report

ABSTRACT Aging and face sagging have many causes, and various techniques are used for treatment, including noninvasive procedures, such as focused ultrasound, which uses the principle of collagen regeneration by coagulative necrosis of the dermis layers using radiofrequency, but this procedure has complications. We reported a case of a 54-year-old female patient who complained of poor visual acuity in her right eye three days after a focused ultrasound facial aesthetic procedure, with the best visual acuity of 20/60. Biomicroscopy of the right eye revealed an acute cataract with three points of fibrosis extending from the posterior to the anterior capsule. The patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery with visual rehabilitation and improved vision of 20/20. We hypothesized that the occurrence of acute cataract was related to the inappropriate use of focused ultrasound.

Exposición a temperaturas extremas y su efecto en la gestación en un departamento de Colombia / Exposure to extreme temperatures and its effect on pregnancy in a department of Colombia

Introducción: Diversas investigaciones han establecido la relación entre temperatura y duración del embarazo, la exposición a temperaturas altas durante el embarazo plantea interrogantes en especial el papel que esta juega frente a los partos prematuros y partos de bajo peso, es indispensable determinar si las temperaturas altas o bajas tienen un comportamiento protector o de riesgo sobre el feto durante la gestación en regiones tropicales. Objetivo: describir la relación entre la exposición a temperaturas altas y bajas durante el embarazo y su efecto en la edad gestacional y peso al momento del parto en los recién nacidos del departamento del Guaviare-Colombia. Metodología: Estudio tipo observacional, analítico, retrospectivo de corte transversal que busco determinar la relación entre exposición a temperaturas altas y bajas durante el embarazo y su efecto en la edad gestacional y peso al momento del parto en los recién nacidos, el universo estuvo conformado por 10.137 nacidos vivos, de los cuales 9.932 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se determinó Odds Ratio para estimar la asociación entre las variables. Resultados: Dentro de la semana de retraso 3 el estar expuesto a temperaturas máximas percentil 90 es un factor protector para la ganancia ponderal de peso OR < 1, la exposición a temperaturas mínimas percentil 10 se asoció como factor protector para el parto prematuro en la semana de retraso 1 y 2 OR < 1.Conclusión: A pesar del beneficio de las altas y bajas temperaturas durante el embarazo en la ganancia ponderal de peso y disminución del parto prematuro, es recomendable prevenir la exposición a temperaturas extremas durante el periodo de gestación[AU]

Introduction: Various investigations have established the relationship between temperature and duration of pregnancy. Exposure to high temperatures during pregnancy raises questions, especially the role it plays in premature births and low-weight births. It is essential to determine whether high temperatures or low have a protective or risky behavior on the fetus during pregnancy in tropical regions.Objective: to describe the relationship between exposure to high and low temperatures during pregnancy and its effect on gestational age and weight at the time of delivery in newborns in the department of Guaviare-Colombia.Methodology:Observational, analytical, retrospective cross-sectional study that sought to determine the relationship between exposure to high and low temperatures during pregnancy and its effect on gestational age and weight at the time of delivery in newborns. The universe was made up of 10,137 births. alive, of which 9,932 met the inclusion criteria. Odds Ratio was determined to estimate the association between the variables.Results:Within the 3rd week of delay, being exposed to maximum temperatures at the 90th percentile is a protective factor for weight gain OR < 1, exposure to minimum temperatures at the 10th percentile was associated as a protective factor for premature birth in the week. of delay 1 and 2 OR < 1. Conclusion: Despite the benefit of high and low temperatures during pregnancy in weight gain and reduction in premature birth, it is advisable to prevent exposure to extreme temperatures during the gestation period[AU]

Introdução: Várias investigações estabeleceram a relação entre temperatura e duração da gravidez. A exposição a altas temperaturas durante a gravidez levanta questões, especialmente o papel que desempenha nos partos prematuros e nos nascimentos de baixo peso. É essencial determinar se as temperaturas altas ou baixas têm um comportamento protetor ou de risco para o feto durante a gravidez em regiões tropicais. Objetivo:descrever a relação entre a exposição a altas e baixas temperaturas durante a gravidez e seu efeito na idade gestacional e no peso no momento do parto em recém-nascidos no departamento de Guaviare-Colômbia. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, analítico, retrospectivo e transversal que buscou determinar a relação entre a exposição a altas e baixas temperaturas durante a gravidez e seu efeito na idade gestacional e no peso no momento do parto em recém-nascidos. O universo foi composto por 10.137 nascimentos. vivos, dos quais 9.932 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. O Odds Ratio foi determinado para estimar a associação entre as variáveis. Resultados:Na 3ª semana de atraso, a exposição a temperaturas máximas no percentil 90 é fator de proteção para ganho de peso OR < 1, a exposição a temperaturas mínimas no percentil 10 foi associada como fator de proteção para parto prematuro na semana. de atraso 1 e 2 OR < 1.Conclusão:Apesar do benefício das altas e baixas temperaturas durante a gravidez no ganho de peso e redução do parto prematuro, é aconselhável evitar a exposição a temperaturas extremas durante o período de gestação[AU]

The role of parental stress on emotional and behavioral problems in offspring: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Abstract Objective Empirical evidence underscores an association between parental stress and emotional and behavioral problems in offspring. However, a comprehensive systematic review or meta-analysis on this topic is lacking. Thus, this study aims to address the scientific inquiry: Is there a relationship between parental stress and emotional/behavioral problems in children? Sources This systematic review with a meta-analysis surveyed PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde between August and September 2021. The present search combined terms (school-age children) AND (parental stress OR parenting stress OR family stress) AND (emotional and behavioral problems OR internalizing and externalizing problems). Eligibility criteria encompassed cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies published within the last five years, exploring the association between parental stress (stressful life events and parenthood-related stress disorders) and emotional/behavioral problems in school-age children. PROSPERO ID CRD42022274034. Summary of the findings Of the 24 studies meeting all inclusion criteria (n = 31,183) for the systematic review, nine were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed an association between parental stress and emotional problems (COR: 0.46 [95 % CI: 0.27 - 0.61], p < 0.001, Heterogeneity = 89 %) as well as behavioral problems (COR: 0.37 [95 % CI: 0.27 - 0.46], p < 0.001, Heterogeneity = 76 %). Conclusions These findings indicate that parental stress predicts emotional/behavioral problems in school-age children. Since these problems are related to long-term negative effects in adulthood, these results are crucial for preventing mental health problems in offspring and for screening and managing parental stress.

The Intersection Of Aging And Antibiotic Resistance: Implications For Treatment And Healthcare Policy

Antibiotic resistance presents signicant challenges in geriatric care, where aging-related factors such as weakened immune systems, polypharmacy, and frequent hospitalizations increase susceptibility to multidrug-resistant infections. This review explores the causes and contributing factors of antibiotic resistance in elderly populations, including inappropriate prescribing practices and frequent exposure to healthcare environments. It also examines the health risks, such as higher morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stays, associated with resistant infections. Current strategies, including antibiotic stewardship programs, education for healthcare providers, and enhanced infection control, are discussed. Additionally, emerging research on alternative therapies, new antibiotics, and personalized medicine approaches is highlighted. Addressing antibiotic resistance in older adults requires a multifaceted approach to ensure more effective treatment and improve overall outcomes for this vulnerable population.

An Evaluation of Synergy between Consumption of Dairy Products and Yoga for Improved Digestive Health

This article explores the interconnected roles of yoga and dairy in promoting digestive health across various life stages, emphasizing their potential to enhance overall well-being. By investigating the unique digestive challenges faced by children, teenagers, adults, middle-aged individuals, and seniors, the research identifies specific yoga practices and dairy consumption strategies tailored to each age group. The findings reveal that for children Simple poses like Balasana (Child's Pose) and Pavanamuktasana (Wind-Relieving Pose) can promote gut mobility and Ghee and probiotic dairy products are suggested, For teenagers Yoga poses like Ardha Matsyendrasana (Half-Spinal Twist) and Uttanasana (Standing Forward Bend) can aid digestion, relieve stress, and balance hormones and Dairy, such as milk and cheese, can be crucial for the calcium and protein needs of growing bodies can be suggested. Further for Adults the more advanced digestive-friendly poses like Naukasana (Boat Pose) and Paschimottanasana (Seated Forward Bend) to stimulate digestion and Dairy products like kefir, probiotic yogurt, and certain types of cheese can balance gut flora, aiding digestion can be suggested. For seniors (60+) Gentle restorative yoga and seated poses such as Supta Baddha Konasana (Reclined Bound Angle Pose) can stimulate digestion and aid gut health and easy-to-digest dairy products like yogurt or cottage cheese for calcium and protein intake can be suggested. Overall it can be concluded that the synergy between yoga and dairy not only helps alleviate common digestive issues but also improves nutrient absorption and supports holistic health. This comprehensive analysis offers practical insights and age-specific recommendations, serving as a valuable resource for individuals seeking to optimize their digestive health throughout their lifespan. By integrating these two approaches, individuals can foster better digestive function and overall wellness, highlighting the importance of lifestyle choices in maintaining health across all ages.

Experiences & Perspectives on Injectable Contraceptive on Its Users in Tamil Nadu- A Qualitative Report

Background: Injectable contraception, Depot Medroxy-Progesterone Acetate (DMPA), is a popular birth control option due to its safety, effectiveness, and discretion. It offers three months protection with minimal impact on the daily lives, reducing the need for frequent visits to healthcare facilities. Understanding women’s experiences with DMPA is crucial for improving the quality of contraceptive services and their reproductive health outcomes. This study aimed to elucidate the experiences and perspectives of women using injectable contraceptive - Depot Medroxy-Progesterone Acetate. Methodology: The study employed a Phenomenological approach, with in-depth, semi-structured interviews among ten women, aged 21-40 years, who received DMPA at a Family Planning Clinic in Tamil Nadu, India. Participants who had used DMPA for at least three months to one year were selected using convenience sampling. Data were analysed and identified themes through the Colaizzi method. Results: Thematic analysis revealed eight key themes: reasons for choosing DMPA, decision-making process, concerns and discontinuation, information sources, management strategies, willingness to recommend, reluctance to recommend, and suggestions for improving DMPA utilization. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for enhancements in injectable contraceptive services, providing insights to inform future family planning policies and strategies.

Relationship of intraocular pressure with age, blood pressure, and central corneal thickness in subjects with open-angle glaucoma

Background: Glaucoma, a chronic optic neuropathy, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. The difficulties in the identification and treatment of open-angle glaucoma lie in the multifactorial nature of the disease, including individual variations, various risk factors, and the need for personalized treatment plans. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven treatment for glaucoma, and controlling its fluctuations is crucial in preventing disease progression. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between IOP and various factors in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects and compare it to control subjects. Materials and Methods: The study utilized a case–control design that included a total of 144 participants, divided into two groups: 72 individuals recently diagnosed with POAG and 72 apparently healthy subjects without glaucoma. The age range of the participants was between 40 and 75 years old, and both sexes were represented in the study. The factors examined were age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and central corneal thickness (CCT). Results: The results of the study showed that individuals with POAG had significantly higher IOP, older age, higher SBP, and higher DBP compared to the control group. In addition, CCT was significantly lower in the POAG group. There were significant positive correlations between IOP and SBP, DBP, and CCT in both the POAG and control groups. There was also a significant negative correlation between age and IOP in both the groups. Conclusion: Determination of a target IOP and achieving the set target IOP does not give complete assurance that glaucoma progression will be prevented, as many other factors also play a part in it. The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering these factors when determining the target IOP for glaucoma treatment.

Study of Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Centre: An Observational Study

Background: Thorough documentation of morbidity and mortality is crucial for understanding health trends in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Morbidity and mortality in VLBW neonates represent significant health issues, making it essential to identify associated risk factors. The perinatal and neonatal periods are critical in highlighting the health conditions of at-risk populations. This study aims to examine intricate patterns of morbidity and mortality among VLBW neonates. Methods: VLBW neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, BKL Walawalkar Hospital, from November 2022 to May 2024 were examined. We collected comprehensive maternal information, such as age, birth locality, gestational age, and various risk factors. The study focused on demographic profiles, clinical variables, and outcomes. Results: Out of 203 VLBW neonates, 31% were appropriate for gestational age, 66% were small, and 6.4% were restricted Intrauterine growth. Common morbidities were respiratory distress syndrome (39.9%) followed by sepsis (25.6%). The majority of VLBW neonates were born of normal vaginal delivery (44.8%) with gestational age between 28-32 weeks (54.7%). A significant statistical association between gestational age and mortality outcomes was found(p-value=0.005) Conclusion: Respiratory distress syndrome is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in VLBW neonates. It is crucial to utilize surfactant therapy effectively and ensure timely transportation for neonates. To address these issues, it is essential to improve prenatal care, guarantee skilled attendance during childbirth, conduct regular screenings, implement infection control measures, and educate parents.

Relation Between Energy Intake and Obesity or Overweight in Childbearing Age Woman: A Scoping Review

Background: Obesity is a problem that affects public health all over the world, and the prevalence of obesity among women is twice as high as it is among males. The objective is to discuss the prevalence of obesity or overweight among women of reproductive age. Methods: We use a scoping review method using academic journals published from 2018 to 2023. The literature was searched using electronic databases Google Scholar and PubMed. We make use of the following search terms: overweight or obesity, prevalence or incidence, childbearing age or early adulthood, and either Indonesia or Asian. A total of 173 research was identified and 9 research was included in this review. Results: The study highlights the link between dietary patterns, particularly fast food, and obesity among childbearing age women. It emphasizes the importance of maternal dietary choices in young adulthood to reduce maternal obesity, hypertension, and CVD. Combining these parameters can provide a more comprehensive assessment. Conclusions: Food selection is crucial for women and young adults to prevent obesity and NCDs, requiring education, awareness campaigns, maternal health support, and early intervention, especially in low-income countries.

Obstetrical And Neonatal Outcomes Among Elderly Primigravidae At A Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: In the past decade there has been a gradual shift towards delayed childbearing. The outcomes of these pregnancies often are more complicated, in terms of both maternal and neonatal aspects. This study aimed at ?nding signi?cant associations between the age of these mothers and the obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. This prospective longitudinal study conducted over 19 months was based on patientMethods: interview, semi-structured questionnaire and written medical, labor room records from a tertiary care centre with around 5000 deliveries annually. Patients were recruited at ?rst out-patient/in-patient visit, informed consent obtained and followed up in subsequent visits until delivery. The impact of advanced maternal age on maternal medical, obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were assessed using statistical analysis in SPSS software. Results: During the period of 19 months, there were a total of 202 patients over 35 years with the mean (SD) being 37 years (3.2). Cervical cerclage was more common among elderly primigravidae (p value 0.000). Gestational hypertension was signi?cantly associated(p value 0.0027). Among medical disorders, elderly primigravidae had a signi?cantly higher association of age and UTI (p value 0.003) as well as URTI (p value 0.027). There was a signi?cant association of anemia as well (p value 0.032). Antenatal obstetric complications like IUFD (p value 0.007) and Prematurity (p value 0.043) were signi?cant. Induction of labor (p value 0.028) was more likely than spontaneous onset of labor. Neonatal complications that were signi?cant were prematurity (p value 0.045) and congenital/chromosomal abnormalities (p value 0.027). We found thatConclusion: pregnancy complications were more common among elderly primigravida. The neonatal outcomes also were complicated on account of age.

Clinical profile of early- and late-onset colorectal cancer patients in a referral medical center in Medellín, Colombia: A comparative analysis / Perfil clínico de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal de aparición temprana y tardía en un centro médico de referencia en Medellín, Colombia: Un análisis comparativo

Introduction. Incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals aged < 50 years, is rising worldwide. Despite the increasing international scientific production on EOCRC, research is limited in Colombia. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical features of adults with EOCRC and late-onset CRC (LOCRC, CRC in individuals aged ≥ 50 years). Methods. An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with CRC patients ≥ 18 years old at one medical center in Medellín, Colombia. Clinical and pathological data were retrieved from the Institutional Cancer Registry. Two analysis groups were established: EOCRC and LOCRC. The Chi-Square test was applied to compare the variables of interest between both groups. Results. The sample included 1,202 patients, 53.5% were female (N=643) and the median age was 65 years (interquartile range: 55-73). EOCRC represented 15.9% (N=192). LOCRC tended to have more history of cardiometabolic diseases and smoking (p<0.001) than EOCRC. CRC family history was proportionally more frequent in EOCRC (7.3% vs 3.8%; p=0.028) than in LOCRC. Right-sided tumors were more common in LOCRC (30.4% vs 21.9%; p=0.041) and left-sided tumors in EOCRC (30.7% vs 23.2%; p=0.041). Only one patient had inflammatory bowel disease history. Conclusion. EOCRC is clinically distinct from LOCRC regarding pathological and toxicological history as well as tumor location. Our findings provide valuable insights for enhancing clinical decision-making, particularly in relation to age at onset in Colombian CRC patients.

Introducción. La incidencia de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) de aparición temprana (CCR-ATem), definido como CCR en individuos menores de 50 años, está aumentando en todo el mundo. A pesar del incremento en la producción científica internacional sobre CCR-ATem, la investigación es limitada en Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar clínicamente los adultos con CCR-ATem y CCR de aparición tardía (CCR-ATar, CCR en individuos ≥ 50 años). Métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, en el que se incluyeron los pacientes adultos con CCR atendidos en un centro médico de Medellín, Colombia. Los datos se obtuvieron del Registro Institucional de Cáncer. Se establecieron dos grupos de análisis: CCR-ATem y CCR-ATar. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparar las variables de interés entre ambos grupos. Resultados. La muestra incluyó 1.202 pacientes, 53,5 % fueron mujeres (N=643), y la mediana de edad fue de 65 años (rango intercuartil: 55-73). CCR-ATem representó el 15,9 % (N=192). CCR-ATar tuvo más casos de enfermedades cardiometabólicas y tabaquismo (p<0,001). El antecedente familiar de CCR fue proporcionalmente más frecuente en CCR-ATem (7,3 % vs. 3,8 %; p=0,028). Los tumores del colon derecho fueron más frecuentes en CCR-ATar (30,4 % vs. 21,9 %; p=0,041) y los del colon izquierdo en CCR-ATem (30,7 % vs. 23,2 %; p=0,041). Solo un paciente tuvo antecedente de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Conclusión. CCR-ATem es clínicamente distinto de CCR-ATar con respecto a antecedentes patológicos y toxicológicos, y localización tumoral. Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan información útil para mejorar la toma de decisiones clínicas, particularmente en relación con la edad de inicio en pacientes colombianos con CCR.

Ocular-manifestations-of-prolonged-screen-time-in-paediatric-age-group-a-questionnaire-based-study

Today's digital era has gifted the modern generation with a variety of smart electronic audiovisual gadgets which has eventually reached children and is keeping them busy for a significant part of the day. This cross sectional questionnaire based study has been conducted on 237 subjects below 18 years of age by obtaining data from their guardians to find out the ocular manifestations in them to establish a correlation between screening time and occurrence of symptoms and a directly proportional trend has been observed between the two parameters

Semen quality analysis: A study of age impact on sperm parameters

Background: Advancing age is believed to be an important factor that affects various microscopic sperm parameters. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to find the impact of advancing age on sperm motility, concentration, and vitality. Materials and method: The total collected 190 samples of normozoospermic, oligozoospermic, and necrozoospermic were divided into two categories which are less than 35 and more than 35 years of age. Data of sperm motility, concentration, and vitality were collected in all groups and then compared statistically using an unpaired t-test, and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and vitality with advancing age but sperm concentration was not significantly affected. Conclusion: We concluded that advancing age can be a considerable factor that can affect the microscopic sperm parameters and can be a major cause of male infertility.

Ovarian fibroma thecoma with serous cystadenoma-an unusual combination in young patient: a case report

The article is a case report of a 16-year-old patient who came to tertiary care centre in western part of India with a case of ovarian tumor with torsion. The ovarian mass was a composite tumor of ovarian thecoma fibroma and serous cystadenoma. The detection of ovarian mass was made with ultrasonography and CT scan. Her tumor markers were not raised. The patient was managed surgically with ovarian mass removal along with removal of non-salvageable ovary. The present literature has very few cases of ovarian thecoma fibroma with serous cystadenoma and there is no such case occurring at a young age of 16 years. Such a case needs to be kept in mind when dealing with ovarian masses in young age as a solid mass with a cystic tumor may raise a suspicion of malignancy in preliminary evaluation. Also, further evaluation is necessary as to occurrence of such composite tumors and that too in younger age groups.

Ormeloxifene in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding in tertiary care centre South Kerala

Background: AUB is the most common presentation in the reproductive age group. Many females suffer from AUB and its related effects. A study on the effectiveness of an easily available drug (ormeloxifene) with an easy dosing schedule was done and its wonderful role in controlling the symptoms and improvement of quality of life of a female with no financial burdens and surgical morbidity was studied.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted among women attending the outpatient clinic of OBG department at Dr Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College, Karakonam, Trivandrum district.Results: Total 50 women with AUB took part in the study. 62% had menstrual duration of <7 days with regular cycles (84%). 86% of them had history of passage of clots. 48% of them had dysmenorrhea. Efficacy of ormeloxifene was assessed by using PBAC score and haemoglobin level measurement. A repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction determined mean PBAC score differed significantly between months. Post hoc analysis with a Bonferroni adjustment revealed PBAC score was statistically significantly decreased from pre-intervention to 3 months to 6 months. There is statistically significant difference with respect to haemoglobin level improvement.Conclusions: Ormeloxifene is an excellent drug in controlling AUB as evidenced by the PBAC score and haemoglobin levels. Ormeloxifene has better compliance and acceptability. It is cost effective with a simple dosage schedule. A significant decrease in the menstrual blood loss and marked improvement in the hemoglobin concentration.

Audit of caesarean deliveries in a tertiary care rural hospital of Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Background: Due to the rise in caesarean section rates Robsons classification system was adopted by WHO as a global standard to asses and audit the caesarean section rates within different hospitals, to reduce the caesarean section rates and the associated complications and also improve patient care along with it. The aim of the present study is to audit the number of caesarean deliveries in the hospital. Objective were to audit the caesarean deliveries in the institution using Robsons classification system as the starting point to find the contributing factors responsible for the caesarean section rates.Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study was conducted at MVJMC and RH. The study included all pregnant patients undergoing caesarean section during the period of one year from March 2023 to February 2024. All the data was entered into Microsoft excel, sheet, which was then classified according to Robson抯 classification system.Results: In our study we noted that the highest percent of caesarean deliveries was noted among multigravida which contributed about 66.5 of the total caesarean deliveries and according to classification 35% of the caesarean deliveries was noted in group 3 with multiparous women of more than 37 weeks in spontaneous labour. Conclusions: Globally accepted Robsons classification should be used for regular audits among hospitals to curb the caesarean section and its associated maternal and perinatal complications in order to improve patient care.

Factores asociados a la duración de la lactancia materna en niños menores de 2 años en el Perú 2021-2022

Introducción: La duración de la lactancia materna es crucial para la salud infantil, sin embargo, la prevalencia ha disminuido en los últimos años, situando a los niños en una población de riesgo. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la duración de la lactancia materna en niños menores de 2 años en el Perú 2021-2022. Metodología: Estudio analítico transversal, a través del análisis secundario de datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) del año 2021 y 2022. El tamaño muestral fue de 4951 niños/niñas con sus respectivas madres. Se evaluaron factores infantiles y maternos utilizando el Estadístico F corregida para el análisis bivariado con una significancia estadística p<0,05 y un intervalo de confianza al 95%. Finalmente, para medir la asociación se calculó la razón de prevalencia cruda (RPc) y la razón de prevalencia ajustada (RPa) mediante la Regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados: El 85,3% tuvo una duración de 0-6 meses y solo el 14,7% tiene una duración hasta los 23 meses. El no contacto piel a piel precoz bebe-madre (p <0,01) (RPa 1,19) y el consumo de bebidas diferentes a la leche materna los primeros 3 días de nacido (p <0,01) (RPa 0,66) se asociaron con una duración hasta los 6 meses de lactancia materna. Las madres adolescentes tuvieron un 30,7% de duración de lactancia materna de 6 meses (p<0,01) (RPa 2,49), por el contrario, el lugar de residencia rural, el grado no superior y un menor ingreso económico permiten una lactancia materna por más de 6 meses. Discusión: Los resultados asocian no recibir contacto piel a piel precoz bebe-madre, edad materna igual o menor de 18 años, grado superior, lugar de residencia urbano y mayor ingreso económico con una menor duración de lactancia materna en niños menores de 2 años.

Introduction: The duration of breastfeeding is crucial for child health; however, the prevalence has decreased in recent years, placing children in a population at risk. Objective: To determine the factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in children under 2 years of age in Peru 2021-2022. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study, through the secondary analysis of data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) of 2021 and 2022. The sample size was 4951 children with their respective mothers. Infant and maternal factors were evaluated using the F-statistic corrected for bivariate analysis with a statistical significance of p<0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Finally, to measure the association, the crude prevalence ratio (cPR) and the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: 85.3% had a duration of 0-6 months and only 14.7% had a duration of up to 23 months. Early baby-mother skin-to-skin non-contact (p <0.01) (aPR 1.19) and consumption of beverages other than breast milk in the first 3 days of birth (p <0.01) (aPR 0.66) were associated with a duration of breastfeeding up to 6 months. Adolescent mothers had a 30.7% duration of breastfeeding of 6 months (p<0.01) (aPR 2.49), on the contrary, the place of rural residence, the non-higher grade and a lower economic income allow breastfeeding for more than 6 months. Discussion: The results were associated with not receiving early skin-to-skin contact between the baby and the mother, maternal age equal to or less than 18 years, higher grade, urban place of residence and higher economic income with a shorter duration of breastfeeding in children under 2 years of age.

Association between placental efficiency with anthropometry and nutritional phenotypes in full-term newborns from the 2010/2011 BRISA birth cohort

Abstract Objective: To study the association between placental efficiency with anthropometry and nutritional phenotypes in full-term newborns from a birth cohort. Method: This was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of data obtained in a cohort study (Brazilian RibeirãoPreto and São Luís Birth Cohort Studies - BRISA), whose deliveries were performed between 2010 and 2011. Standardized questionnaires were applied to mothers, and placentas and newborns were evaluated shortly after delivery. Placental efficiency was assessed using the ratio between birth weight and placental weight (BW/PW ratio); values below the lower quartile (25th percentile for gestational age) were considered to have low placental efficiency. Newborn phenotypes were small and large for gestational age, stunted and wasted, evaluated using the INTERGROWTH-21 growth standard. To identify the confounding variables theoretical model was constructed using Directed Acyclic Graphs, and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression were performed. Placental measurements were obtained blindly from pregnancy and delivery data. Results: 723 mother-placenta-child triads were studied. 3.2 % of newborns were small-for-gestational-age (SGA), 6.5 %large-for-gestational-age (LGA), 5.7 %had stunting, and 0.27 % wasting. A significantly higher risk was found between low placental efficiency and SGA (OR 2.82;95 % CI 1.05-7.57), stunting (OR 2.23; 95 % CI 1.07-4.65), and wasting (OR 8.22; 95 % CI 1.96-34.37). No relationship was found between LGA and placental efficiency. Conclusions: Low placental efficiency was associated with increased risk for small-for-gestational-age, stunting, and wasting. Placental morphometry can provide valuable information on intrauterine conditions and neonatal health, helping to identify newborns at higher risk of future comorbidities.

Age Prediction Using Pixel Value Sum from Radiographic Proximal Femur in a Thai Population / Predicción de la Edad Utilizando la Suma de Valores de Pixeles del Fémur Proximal Radiográfico en una Población Tailandesa

SUMMARY: The present study aimed to investigate the utility of the proximal femur in the forensic age estimation by assessing changes in bone densities through radiographs. Using Otsu's threshold, bone density was quantified by counting all white pixel values within selected regions of interest, which include femoral head (FH), femoral neck (FN), Ward's triangle (WT), and greater trochanter (GT) from 354 left femora of Northern Thai descent. The pixel width of medullary cavity (MC) was also estimated. Furthermore, the study evaluated the performance of linear regression (LR) models for age estimation from radiographic images of proximal femora. Negative correlations were observed between FH, FN, WT, and GT pixel intensity with the age-at-death of the samples, with females exhibiting stronger correlations than males. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between age and MC width in female samples, while male MC widths did not show any relationship with increasing age. The results showed a slight difference between the LR model applied to both sexes, which integrated all variables, and the alternative configuration that only utilized relevant attributes. Both models exhibited similar performance, with a narrow range of root mean square error (RMSE) values, ranging from 12.67 to 12.71 years, and a correlation coefficient range of 0.51 to 0.52. For females, the LR model with FN and WT as selected attributes (RMSE = 11.85 years, correlation coefficient = 0.65) performed decently, while for males, the LR model with all variables showed RMSE of 12.52 years and correlation coefficient of 0.46. This study showcased the potential application of pixel intensity in predicting age.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la utilidad del fémur proximal en la estimación forense de la edad mediante la evaluación de cambios en las densidades óseas a través de radiografías. Utilizando el umbral de Otsu, la densidad ósea se cuantificó contando todos los valores de pixeles blancos dentro de regiones de interés seleccionadas, que incluyen la cabeza femoral (CF), el cuello femoral (CF), el triángulo de Ward (WT) y el trocánter mayor (TM) de 354 fémures izquierdos de ascendencia del norte de Tailandia. También se estimó el ancho de pixeles de la cavidad medular (CM). Además, el estudio evaluó el rendimiento de modelos de regresión lineal (RL) para la estimación de la edad a partir de imágenes radiográficas de fémur proximal. Se observaron correlaciones negativas entre la intensidad de los pixeles CF, CF, WT y TM con la edad de muerte, y las mujeres exhibieron correlaciones más fuertes que los hombres. Además, se encontró una correlación positiva entre la edad y el ancho del CM en muestras de mujeres, mientras que el ancho del CM del hombre no mostró ninguna relación con el aumento de la edad. Los resultados mostraron una ligera diferencia entre el modelo RL aplicado a ambos sexos, que integraba todas las variables, y la configuración alternativa que sólo utilizaba atributos relevantes. Ambos modelos mostraron un rendimiento similar, con un rango estrecho de valores del error cuadrático medio (RMSE), que oscilaba entre 12,67 y 12,71 años, y un rango de coeficiente de correlación de 0,51 a 0,52. Para las mujeres, el modelo RL con CF y WT como atributos seleccionados (RMSE = 11,85 años, coeficiente de correlación = 0,65) tuvo un desempeño satisfactorio, mientras que para los hombres, el modelo RL con todas las variables mostró un RMSE de 12,52 años y un coeficiente de correlación de 0,46. Este estudio mostró la posible aplicación de la intensidad de los pixeles en la predicción de la edad.

A comparative study of cord blood lipid profile in term, pre term and small for gestational age - appropriate for gestational age neonates

Background: Cord blood lipid profile in neonates helps to screen for neonatal dyslipidaemia which is associated with long term morbidity mainly cardiovascular disease.Methods: The present study is a observational study done in government medical college, Chidambaram for a period of 2 years from October-2020 till September-2022 with 222 term and pre-term small or appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates using cord blood lipid profile.Results: In the present study of above mentioned 222 neonates, preterm accounts for 30.1% and term neonates accounts for 69.9%. AGA was 63.1% and SGA was 36.9%. Term AGA was 38.2%, term SGA 31.5%, preterm AGA was 24%, preterm SGA was 5.4%. Conclusions: Preterm AGA had higher cord lipid profile values compared to the term AGA neonates. Preterm SGA neonates had lower cord lipid profile of HDL, and LDL as compared to preterm AGA neonates. SGA neonates had higher total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL compared to AGA neonates. SGA neonates had lower LDL and HDL as compared to AGA neonates.