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Abstract Objective: We aim to assess the quality of life of older individuals living in nursing homes. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on institutionalized elderly individuals for over three months. The sample size of the study was 260 and Non-randomized convenience sampling was used. The study excluded participants with cognitive impairment, severe medical conditions, physical limitations, communication barriers, severe pain, recent surgery, acute illness, or psychiatric disorders. Ethical approval was obtained, and participants were given informed consent. The study took place in various nursing homes in Lahore in June and July 2023, for the analysis of data Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) was used, employing frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, and correlation. Results: The Pearson Correlation coefficient of 0.459 suggests a significant positive correlation between these variables (p < 0.01). This correlation is evident in both directions: Quality of life (QoL) score to Mini Mental Scale and vice versa. Conclusion: While assessing the QoL in elderly inhabitants of nursing residences, cognitive impairment, and high Body mass index (BMI) appeared to influence the overall QoL.

Resumen Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores que viven en residencias de ancianos. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en ancianos institucionalizados durante más de tres meses. El tamaño de la muestra del estudio fue de 260 y se utilizó un muestreo de conveniencia no aleatorizado. El estudio excluyó a los participantes con deterioro cognitivo, afecciones médicas graves, limitaciones físicas, barreras de comunicación, dolor intenso, cirugía reciente, enfermedad aguda o trastornos psiquiátricos. Se obtuvo la aprobación ética y los participantes dieron su consentimiento informado. El estudio se llevó a cabo en varias residencias de ancianos de Lahore en junio y julio de 2023. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS versión 22), empleando distribución de frecuencias, media, desviación estándar y correlación. Resultados: El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0,459 sugiere una correlación positiva significativa entre estas variables (p < 0,01). Esta correlación es evidente en ambas direcciones: puntuación de calidad de vida a Escala Mini-Mental y viceversa. Conclusión: Al evaluar la calidad de vida de los ancianos que viven en residencias, el deterioro cognitivo y un índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado parecen afectar la calidad de vida general.

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Background: Obesity increases the risk of and modifies the severity of various pulmonary illnesses. There is a variation in the published literature regarding the association between peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and anthropometric obesity parameters, particularly in young adult males. Aim and Objectives: The aim and objectives of the study were to determine the impact of general obesity and abdominal obesity markers on PEFR in young adult males with and without obesity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 140 healthy young Indian adult males in the age group of 18–25 years. Participants were divided into two groups: The study group (n = 70; BMI ? 25 kg/m2) and the control group (n = 70; BMI: 18.5–22.9 kg/m2), based on the Asia–Pacific body mass index (BMI) classification. Weight and BMI were considered measures of general (overall or relative) obesity. For abdominal (central) obesity, hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. PEFR was recorded with the Mini-Wright’s peak flow meter, and the best of three readings was considered. Statistical analysis was done with the Mann–Whitney U-test and Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The PEFR value did not show any significant difference between the study groups, while a significant negative correlation was observed in the study (obese) group between BMI and PEFR. Conclusion: BMI can be a better obesity marker to evaluate pulmonary disorders with PEFR and should be included in prediction equations for PEFR in young Indian adult males.

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Abstract Objectives: Age at menarche (MA) is a proxy for biological maturation and a parameter of socioeconomic changes. Worldwide, anticipation of menarche is associated with nutritional transition and excess weight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MA in Amazonian students and its association with nutritional status, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,017 students aged 6 to 17 living in the city of Manaus, Brazil. MA was analyzed by status quo and recall; its association with body mass index (BMI), race, socioeconomic status, and adult height was examined. Results: 559 (51.9%) participants had already experienced menarche. In 91.7%, menarche occurred between 10 and 14 years of age; the mean age at the onset of menarche was 11.9 years. Overweight (11.6 years) and obese (11.4 years) participants reached menarche earlier than those with normal weight (12 years) and lean (12.7 years) participants. The associations between MA and nutritional status showed that overweight and obesity are risk factors for the early occurrence of menarche. MA was not associated with socioeconomic status/parental education or race. However, excess weight was associated with earlier MA in all races and social classes. The adult height was slightly lower in girls with menarche before 12 years old (157.9 vs 159.4 cm). Conclusion: Regardless of socioeconomic level or ethnicity, excess weight was associated with earlier menarche in Amazonian students.

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Aim: This study assess the prevalence of malnutrition and underweight among school boys in Ogbia LGA, Bayelsa state. Methods: The was a cross sectional study consisting of 250 school boys within the ages of 5-10yrs selected randomly from five communities during school period. Data were obtained using weight scale balance calibrated in (kg), metre rule (m), muac tape (cm) and well-structured questionnaire. The weight for age, height for age, MUAC and BMI methods used in this study was in accordance with WHO, IAP classification. Results: This study shows a significant difference (<0.05) between the weight, height and BMI of school boys in Ogbia, Oloibiri/Otuogidi when compared with Otuabagi/otuakeme. Muac mean value for the entire age 5-10yrs in Ogbia axis was 17cm compared with Otuabagi axis of 16cm with no significant p-value observed. Carbohydrate (56.8%) dietary food was mostly consumed regularly in comparison with carbohydrate/protein (32%), protein (8%) and vegetable/vitamins (3.2%) among the children. More so 78.4% of the study population have not been deworm for the past over 3months and above. However 21.6% of the study population are deworm within 3month intervals. This study further observe 41.6% among the children as underweight falling below the 1st percentile level with just 13.2% in the median green line zone having normal weight in both communities. However 15.2% are within the 97th percentile while 1.6% are above this zone. The weight for age regarding PEM classification shows 55.89% and 0.74% children suffering from severe and very severe malnutrition in Ogbia, Oloibiri/Otuogidi though 32.37% are PEM free compared with 66.68% normal children in Otuabagi/otuakeme, however 28.07% and 1.75% are suffering from severe and very severe cases of malnutrition in the just two mention communities above. Conclusion: The combination of the entire percentages from the different communities considered in this study shows 1.2% and 43.2% prevalence rate of very severe and severe malnutrition compare with 48% PEM free among boys in Ogbalga while 44% and 16.8% are underweight and overweight/obese compared with 13.2% on the green median zone of normal weight for age. Intervention strategies that include appropriate children feeding with micronutrients should be implemented to reduce the burden of under nutrition in addition to effective regular deworming to help reduce the burden of weight deficit among children in the state.

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Background: The authors noticed during their practice that most of patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) owing to acute cholecystitis are associated with increased intraoperative blood pressure especially during manipulation on the gallbladder which may increase the risk of bleeding. A retrospective analysis was carried out to estimate the risk and the potential risk factors of intraoperative hypertension. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the data of patients who underwent LC for acute cholecystitis in our university hospitals from June 2022 to December 2023. The patients� documents and records were revised with exclusion of patients with incomplete data. The data of age, gender, ASA class, BMI, co-morbidities, preoperative CRP, preoperative TLC, preoperative temperature, and preoperative bilirubin were collected and reported. The data of duration of surgery, time for devascularization of the gallbladder, and the changes in the blood pressure were also recorded. Results: Seventy-three patients underwent LC for acute cholecystitis during the study period, 44 (60.27%) of them developed intraoperative hypertension with statistically significant difference between the patients who did not develop intraoperative hypertension in BMI (p=0.0003), preoperative CRP (p=0.008), preoperative TLC (p=0.001), duration of surgery (p=0.034), and time to devascularization of the gallbladder (p=0.027). The regression analysis revealed an increased risk of intraoperative hypertension with decreased age (p=0.0191), increased BMI (p=0.034), and increased preoperative TLC (p=0.038). Conclusions: The risk of intraoperative hypertension during LC for acute cholecystitis increased with decreased age, increased BMI, and increased preoperative TLC.

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Background: The prevalence of Hypertension and its risk factors among the elderly has been extensively researched in many studies on Hypertension in India and abroad. However, it has not been studied much among young adults in the age group of 20- 40 years. Hypertension needs early intervention for prevention and control measures. Therefore, a study on the prevalence and risk factors of Hypertension among young adults in the age group of 20-40 years is essential to improve our efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of Hypertension and its risk factors among young adults (20- 40 years age group) in urban/suburban population. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1000 young adults in the age group of 20-40 years was conducted in the urban and suburban localities of district Bhopal, MP, India, for ten months (Jan-Oct 2023). Socio-demographic data and risk factors of Hypertension were assessed by interviewing subjects. Blood pressure of every participant was measured under well-defined conditions. Results: Hypertension was detected in 219 subjects out of 1000 subjects (21.9%). There was a significant association (p<0.05) of BP with age, education status, occupation, socio-economic class, tobacco consumption, smoking, and alcohol consumption. No significant association was found with gender, religion, or family history with NCDs. Conclusion: Results showed that One in Five adults in urban/semi-urban population is having Hypertension without being aware of it. This is an alarming situation.

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Adolescents serve as the foundational resources and future citizens of the nation. India boasts the highest number of adolescents globally, with a staggering count of 253 million individuals falling between the age range of 10 to 19 years, while Assam is ranked thirteenth among the many states and Union territories in India, with a total adolescent population of 65,60,308. During the stage of adolescence, there is a notable surge in growth. With this background, the present study was carried out to study and compare the nutritional status of rural and urban adolescents of the Kamrup-metropolitan district of Assam. Based on the purposive sampling technique, a totalof 200 adolescents were selected. A standardised pre-tested questionnaire was developed to collect information on somatic status and dietary intake. Findings revealed that the majority ofindividuals in both Urban and Rural areas have a BMI of less than 18.5, but the prevalence wasslightly higher in the rural group (56.0%) compared to the Urban group (53.0%). Urban respondents (25.4 cm, 11.28 mm) had a slightly higher mean MUAC and TSF than rural respondents (23.7 cm, 11.19mm). There is a notable difference in the amount of nutrients consumed by adolescents compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Energy intake is below the recommended levels, with adequacy percentages varying from 78.6% to82.4%, indicating a critical area of concern. Conversely, Visible fat intake is above RDA, ranging from 110.8% to 118.2%, highlighting potential overconsumption in this category. Adolescents were observed to have deficiencies in vitamins A, C, and folic acid compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).

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Background: Maternal BMI outside the range of 18.5 to 24.9 is associated with adverse maternal and/or foetal outcome. In India, due to extreme socioeconomic distribution, double burden of malnourishment & obesity is being observed, though it varies from state to state. Many studies are conducted showing association of obesity with pregnancy outcome, while importance of underweight is not studied frequently in our geographical area, hence this study was planned to be conducted.Methods: Our aim was to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients belonging to different BMI categories. We performed retrospective observational study at department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Suri Sadar Hospital, a secondary level care hospital at Birbhum, West Bengal, India between July 2021 to May 2022. Sample size taken was 170. Detailed data were collected from the MCP card (maternal child protection card) of the mothers, antenatal follow up sheets of these women and hospital medical records. The study participants were then divided into 5 groups according to their first trimester BMIs. Statistical analysis was carried out with the help of Micro soft Excel and Epiinfo 7.1 software, p<0.05 were considered significant.Results: Average mean weight gain in our study was 9.1118 kg and we found significant association between weight gain during pregnancy & BMI status (p<0.001). We also observed significant association of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, caesarean section, pre-term labour, post-partum haemorrhage, post-partum wound infection with obese & overweight mother. FGR and MAS were also found to be significantly associated with maternal BMI. Complex maternal metabolic environment on developing foetus in obese mother alone or complicated by PIH or GDM may be the cause. In underweight mother, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency may lead to development of FGR.Conclusions: Pre conceptional normal BMI is essential for every woman willing to conceive. Nutrition-sensitive programs like food security, poverty alleviation, women education, women empowerment, dietary consultation for all newly married couples is required for developing countries to prevent altered pre pregnancy BMI.

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Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a menstrual disorder defined as a cluster of various physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms that negatively affect women’s quality of life. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of common PMS symptoms and determine their association with body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, dietary habits, perceived stress, menstrual flow, family history and family income among medical students at Al-Andalus University in Syria. Methods: A sample of 205 female students were interviewed and filled out a questionnaire. All data were coded and entered into excel (Microsoft 2019). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the association between PMS symptoms and the studied factors. Results: The most frequently reported PMS symptoms were anxiety (80%), bloating (74.6%), and breast tenderness (62.9%). Our study found a significant association between weight gain pre-menstruation and BMI (p=0.02). A significant relationship was found between increased premenstrual consumption of sweets and both breast tenderness and bloating (p=0.01). Daily consumption of coffee was significantly correlated with weight gain and headaches (p<0.001). This study found a significant relationship between smoking cigarettes and abdominal and back pain (p=0.04, p=0.02, respectively). Smoking shisha was significantly associated with fatigue and bloating (p=0.01, p<0.001, respectively). A significant relationship was found between menstrual flow and both abdominal pain and headaches (p=0.01, p=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: A high prevalence of PMS symptoms was reported in Al-Andalus University female medical students. Additionally, this study found multiple significant associations between BMI, dietary habits, lifestyle, menstrual flow and the severity of symptoms.

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Abstract: Background: Physical growth pattern and nutritional status using anthropometric measures are the key inputs to understand general health condition of the population even in micro level communities like tribal communities in India. In order to find out the present condition of physical growth pattern and nutritional status in such communities in a tribal dominated state with increasing impact of globalization and modernization, this present cross-sectional study was conceptualized to assess the physical growth patterns and nutritional status by using anthropometric measures among the Apatani and the Nyishi tribal children in Arunachal Pradesh, India through a comparative way. Methods: A total of 442 children (240 boys and 202 girls) aged 5 to 15 years living in rural areas of Lower Subarnasiri (the Apatani tribe) and Kamle (the Nyishi tribe) districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India were considered for the present analysis. The international standards were used to collect height and weight and other anthropometric data to understand physical growth patterns. BMI for age percentiles were calculated and used for nutritional status categorization. Results: The results revealed that the height (cm), weight (kg), Waist Circumference (cm), Hip Circumference (cm) and Mid Upper Arm Circumference (cm) showed a gradual increase over the age in both Apatani and Nyishi children. The maximum increase of anthropometric measures was observed between 10 and 13 years of age in both the groups but Apatani children were slightly taller and heavier than the Nyishi children. Apatani children had higher percentage of overweight and obesity compared to Nyishi children i.e. 12.6% and 9.5%, respectively. It may be due to the modification of traditional dietary pattern and regular consumption of fast food. Conclusions: Therefore, the Apatani tribal children were heavier and taller compared to Nyishi counterparts. Besides, both the undernutrition as well as overnutrition problem were observed among studied children, perhaps correlated with rapid alternation from traditional food consumption towards fast food and less physical activities in their early age.

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Background: Corona virus which is the source of severe acute pulmonary syndrome causes an airway tract contamination (COVID 19). Prolonged sitting for online classes in the college students leads to the enlarged postural deviation, increased low back pain. Prolonged static contraction of skeletal muscles of the cervical region, lower back leads to impaired flow of blood to the muscle groups together with edema and accumulation of waste metabolites will trigger the muscle spasm. Methods: Total 30 college students aged between 18-25 years who attended the online classes during COVID-19 were included in this study by using a questionnaire. The outcome measures used were the measurement of CV angle, SEBT and BBS. The postural control was estimated by using star excursion balance test and Berg balance scale. Results: Using Karl Pearson抯 correlation coefficient, a positive correlation was observed between CV angle and BBS (r = 0.82). Between BMI and CV angle there exists a statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.564). Conclusions: This study proved that there exists a forward neck posture in the students who attended the online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic and that also affected their postural control.

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Background: The arthrokinematic characteristics of foot misalignment compromise the foot's static and dynamic nature and its capacity to sustain body weight. Teaching needs physical activity such as prolonged standing and effort. Postural changes in the feet cause pain and discomfort. Therefore, the primary aspect of an appropriate clinical response involves evaluation of the foot posture. Signi?cant differences including increased BMI, age, and gender are considered to be causative factors. Therefore, it is important to address this for the bene?t of the teachers. To evaluate the Foot Posture Index among School teachers and their association withAim: anthropometric determinants and balance. A cross-sectional study with 60 individuals was included. A self-made demographicMethods: questionnaire, Near Tandem Balance test and Foot Posture Index -6 (FPI-6) were administered. The balance and foot posture index ofResults: the right leg (FPIR) are normally distributed (p-value is less than 0.05). Parameters like age, BMI, and foot posture index of the left leg (FPIL) are statistically insigni?cant (p-value more than 0.05). Age when correlated with the FPIR and FPIL showed a negative and weak correlation of -0.14 and -0.12 respectively. BMI when correlated with the FPIR and FPIL showed a positive and weak correlation of 0.002 and a negative and weak correlation of -0.078 respectively. The common foot posture was maximum neutral and least pronated. There were variations in theConclusion: left and right foot FPI values in different foot groups. As age increases the foot posture is more likely to be supinated. Balance affection was most common in the pronated foot group.

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Background: Indian population has been accustomed to caffeinated beverages since time immemorial. Globally, they have become the most preferred drink since the bloom of the twentieth century. However, unbridled consumption has been associated with many side effects. The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among medical students with respect to caffeine containing drinks, and to determine the relationship between caffeine consumption and body mass index (BMI). Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Data was collected through a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire after getting informed consent. The questionnaire was in a semi-structured format. Results: A total of 372 medical students took part in this present study, out of which 312 (83.6%) students responded to have the habit of taking caffeinated beverages, coffee (58.06%) being the maximum preferred drink and taste (49.1%) being the leading reason. Mean BMI was 22.16 with 50% being normal and, 16%, 17% and 17% being underweight, overweight and obese respectively. Withdrawal effects were experienced by 47.4% of students on stopping them for at least a day. 88.7% of medical students were aware of caffeine addiction and 62.5% were confident that they can stop over drinking them after knowing the ill effects. Conclusions: The study showed that students were not following healthy practises of caffeine consumption, albeit the knowledge of caffeine addiction, in terms of BMI. However, with proper health education and awareness, the students are ready to change their views and practises regarding caffeine consumption.

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Aims and objectives: 1.To study the sleep patterns in seropositive patients 2.To study the overall sleep architecture in seropositive patients Material and method: Sample size: 50 Inclusion criteria: 1.Patients aged 18 years and above 2.Patients with seropositive status and on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) 3.Patients on regular follow-up 4.Patients with BMI more than 25kg/m2 Exclusion criteria: 1.Patients with tuberculosis and on anti-tubercular therapy 2.Patients long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) 3.Patients with recent history of myocardial infarction in past 3 months 4.Patients with history of cardiovascular accident and unable to follow commands 5.Patients unable to consent Methodology: Patients ful?lling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. ESS score was calculated in the study subjects. Those with ESS score more than 12 were advised polysomnography. Results: 1.Our study was male pre-dominated with 40 males and 10 females 2.Most common age group in our study was 48�with p?0.01 3.Most common BMI in our study subjects was 25�kg/m2 with p?0.09 4.10 patients had ESS score of 12 and above and advised polysomnography 5.5 patients were diagnosed with mild OSA and were advised lifestyle modi?cation 6.2 patients were diagnosed with moderate OSA and were advised CPAP titration and lifestyle modi?cation 7.1 patient was diagnosed with severe OSA and was advised CPAP therapy, lifestyle modi?cation and pulmonary rehabilitation 8.2 patients lost to follow-up during the study period Conclusion: Sleep breathing disorders are at a rising rate in the patients with seropositive status. These are most commonly missed during the routine follow-ups and also there is limited literature available. Further studies are required in this regards. SeropositiveClinical implications: patients should also be screened for sleep breathing disorders during follow-ups.

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BACKGROUND Ultrasound elastography is a novel technique in ultrasound that quantifies the tissue stiffness in organs and recently has emerged as a tool in complementing the evaluation of renal allograft function. The pathological processes underlying the graft dysfunction cause the changes in elasticity of the graft tissue. This change in elasticity is detected and imaged using elastography. US-based elastography is now a noninvasive complementary tool in addition to the existing laboratory and Doppler-based parameters in the evaluation of renal allograft dysfunction. METHODS The present prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Malabar Institute of Medical sciences, Kerala, India from January 2019 to June 2020. RESULTS Renal allograft parenchymal stiffness by shearwave sonoelastography correlated positively with S. creatinine (p <0.001) and RI (p <0.001) and inversely correlated with eGFR (p<0.001). There was no correlation between the SWE values and BMI of the recipient. There was no correlation between the SWE values and age of the donor and between the SWE values and age of the patient. CONCLUSIONS The renal parenchymal stiffness by shearwave elastography showed positive correlation with serum creatinine and RI values and inverse correlation with eGFR which reflected the functional status of the renal allograft. The renal allografts with graft dysfunction were found to have higher SWE values than the stable renal allografts. The renal parenchymal stiffness can help to differentiate stable allografts and graft with allograft dysfunction, hence may be used as a reliable tool in addition to the existing laboratorical and Doppler based parameters in predicting allograft dysfunction. The cut-off value for differentiating stable renal allografts and renal allografts with dysfunction was found to be 14.32 kpa. There was no correlation between shear wave elastography values with the BMI of the recipient and age of the donor.

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Objective:To investigate the acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at the early stage of operation and its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 70 patients with ECMO who were hospitalized in the Emergency Care Unit of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital from September 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and a total of 70 patients with ECMO who were hospitalized in the emergency care unit of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital from September 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the 2012 guidelines of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine on the classification of acute gastrointestinal injury in critically ill patients, the patients were divided into AGI group and non-AGI group. The incidence of acute gastrointestinal injury in the early stage was statistically analyzed, and the results of blood gas analysis during ECMO loading and ECMO parameters, hemodynamic indexes and biochemical indexes after ECMO transfer were statistically analyzed. To explore the influencing factors and independent risk factors of AGI in the early stage. In addition, 70 patients were divided into successful group and non-successful group according to whether they were successfully withdrawn. The occurrence of acute gastrointestinal injury between the two groups was compared, and the effect of acute gastrointestinal injury on ECMO patients was analyzed.Results:Among the 70 ECMO patients, the incidence of early AGI was 71.43% (50 cases), and the components of AGI Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 18.57% (13 cases), 41.43% (29 cases), 11.43% (8 cases) and 0% (0 cases), respectively. ① Univariate analysis showed that systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), vasoactive drug index (VIS), pH, lactic acid and BMI were significantly different between AGI group and non-AGI group when ECMO was used ( P < 0.05). Logistic binary regression analysis showed that BMI was an independent risk factor for early AGI in ECMO patients (ROC area 0.657, 95% confidence interval 0.522-0.791 ( P < 0.05), and Yoden index 0.15). (3) The AGI composition ratio of the unsuccessful group was higher than that of the unsuccessful group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Patients with ECMO have a high incidence of AGI in the early stage, mainly occurring in grade I and Ⅱ. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, MAP, VIS, pH, lactic acid and BMI when ECMO is put on are influential factors for the early development of AGI in ECMO patients, among which BMI is an independent risk factor for the early development of AGI in ECMO patients. The occurrence of AGI reduces the probability of successful withdrawal in ECMO patients.

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Objective·To evaluate the relationship between body mass index(BMI)and chronic metabolic diseases.Methods·The elderly(≥60 years old)who were underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from 2014 to 2021 were studied.Their results of biochemical indicators were collected.Their height,body weight,and blood pressure were measured by trained nurses.The history of chronic metabolic diseases was collected by self-reported questionnaire.Systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),diastolic blood pressure≥90 mmHg,or self-reported hypertension history was defined as hypertension.Fasting blood glucose≥7.0 mmol/L or self-reported history of diabetes was defined as diabetes.Total cholesterol≥6.2 mmol/L,triglyceride≥2.3 mmol/L,or self-reported history of dyslipidemia was defined as dyslipidemia.The relationship between BMI and hypertension,diabetes,and dyslipidemia was evaluated by using receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and binary logistic regression.Results·Data of 59 083 subjects were collected[30 807 men and 28 276 women,average age:(67.9±6.3)years old].The prevalence of hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia was 76.5%(45 219/59 083),24.1%(14 225/59 083)and 50.0%(29 544/59 083),respectively.Compared to the elderly people aged 60?74 years,those aged 75 years and above had a higher proportion of hypertension and diabetes,and a lower proportion of dyslipidemia and no metabolic abnormalities.With ROC analysis,the BMI cut-off values for hypertension,diabetes,and dyslipidemia were 24.3,23.9,and 23.9 kg/m2.The BMI cut-off values for hypertension and diabetes in elderly men were similar to those in elderly women(for hypertension:24.3 kg/m2 in elderly men vs 24.2 kg/m2 in elderly women;for diabetes:24.0 kg/m2 in elderly men vs 23.7 kg/m2 in elderly women);however,BMI cut-off value for dyslipidemia was obviously higher in elderly men than that in elderly women(24.0 kg/m2 in elderly men vs 22.5 kg/m2 in elderly women).The BMI cut-off value for chronic metabolic diseases was higher in the elderly people aged 60?74 years than that in the elderly people aged 75 years and above(24.2?24.7 kg/m2 vs 22.9?23.8 kg/m2).Conclusion·Elderly people aged 60?74 years should maintain the BMI below 24.0 kg/m2,while those aged 75 years and above should aim for the BMI below 23.0 kg/m2,so as to reduce the risk of chronic metabolic diseases.

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Objective To analyze the combined effect of body mass index(BMI)and age with cancer occurrence among a hypertensive population in Minhang District,Shanghai.Methods Participants of this study were 212 394 hypertensive patients without cancer in Minhang District,Shanghai,registered in the electronic health information system from 2007 to 2015.Age and BMI were included as smoothing functions in the generalized additive Cox proportional risk model.The bivariate response model was constructed to visualize results using surface plots and to comprehensively analyze the association of BMI and age with the risk of cancer occurrence.Results A total of 22 141 participants developed cancer by Dec 31,2018.The association between age and the risk of cancer incidence showed an overall linear trend while the association between BMI and the risk of cancer incidence showed an overall"U"shape.BMI at about 26 kg/m2 showed the lowest risk of cancer incidence.The risk of cancer occurrence increased with increasing age in people with different BMIs.The associations between BMI and the risk of cancer incidence were different at different age groups:there was no significant association between BMI and the risk of cancer incidence in the young people(20-44 years).While in the middle-aged and older people aged over 45 years,BMI was associated with the risk of cancer incidence in a"U"shape.The lowest risk of cancer incidence was around the BMI of 26 kg/m2.Conclusion BMI among the population with hypertension should be controlled in a reasonable range,especially in the middle-aged and older population,to prevent cancer occurrence.

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Objective:To investigate the impact of BMI1 expression in OSCC on the recruitment and differentiation of tumor-associat-ed macrophages(TAMs).Methods:BMI1 expression in 519 cases of OSCC tissues and 44 normal controls was analyzed using online datasets of GEPIA 2.0,and validated in 3 cases of OSCC samples and controls by qRT-PCR and western blotting.The function of BMI1/NF-κB axis during OSCC carcinogenesis was investigated by CCK8 assays,wound healing test and transwell assays.Macrophage phenotypes and recruitment were determined using qRT-PCR and western blotting following coculture of the cells with human monocyte cells(THP-1)by OSCC conditioned medium.Moreover,a cell line-derived xenograft(CDX)model was used to detect the effect of BMI1 on tumor growth in vivo.Results:Compared with the normal tissues and cells,the expression level of BMI1 in OSCC tissues and cells was significantly upregulated.BMI1 knockdown impaired the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities of OSCC cell lines in NF-κB-dependent manner.Furthermore,OSCC cells with high BMI1 expression inhibited the migration of THP-1 cells,promoted M2-like macrophage polarization through NF-κB pathway in vitro.Xenograft experiments further confirmed the inhibitory effect of BMI1 knockdown on the tumorigenesis ability of OSCC cells in vivo.Conclusion:BMI1 promotes M2-like polarization by regulating NF-κB and may be used as a potential therapeutic target for antitumor immunity.

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【Objective】 To understand the prevalence of overweight/obesity among school-age children in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and to explore the influence of gestational weight gain and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on weight status of school-age children. 【Methods】 From November to December 2020,a stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select first-grade students from 13 primary schools in Pudong New Area of Shanghai.After matching with the birth monitoring database, 755 students with complete birth information were selected as the study subjects.The relevant information of mothers before and during pregnancy was retrospectively collected, and the effects of pregnancy weight gain combined with pre-pregnancy BMI on overweight/obesity in school-age children were analyzed. 【Results】 1) The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity of first-grade children were 15.89% and 18.41%, respectively.2) Maternal excessive weight gain during pregnancy (OR=1.678) and overweight/obesity before pregnancy (OR=2.315,2.412) were risk factors for overweight/obesity of the offspring at school age(P<0.05).3) For mothers who were underweight before pregnancy, excessive weight gain during pregnancy was associated with overweight/obesity in school-age children in their offspring (OR=7.436, 95%CI: 1.489 - 37.143,P<0.05).4) Excessive weight gain during pregnancy combined with overweight/obesity before pregnancy significantly increased the risk of overweight/obesity in offspring (OR=3.606, 95%CI: 2.030 - 6.405, P<0.05). Mothers who gained a moderate amount of weight during pregnancy and were emaciated before pregnancy had a significantly lower risk of overweight/obesity in their school-age children (OR=0.217, 95%CI: 0.049 - 0.967, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk of overweight/obesity in school-age children in their offspring, strengthening pregnancy health education and perinatal care to help pregnant women maintain appropriate weight gain during pregnancy may be an important and novel strategy to prevent childhood obesity.