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Objective:To investigate the ability of separate and combined biopsy methods to distinguish clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa)from clinically insignificant prostate cancer(incsPCa),we assessed diagnostic positive rates for patients undergoing transperineal pro-state systematic biopsy(SB),cognitive fusion targeted biopsy(CF-TB),and combined biopsy(CB)(i.e.SB combined with CF-TB)under intra-venous anesthesia.Methods:We analyzed clinical data from 151 patients with prostate-specific antigen(PSA)≤50 ng/mL undergoing their first prostate biopsy in Cancer Hospital of Huanxing Chaoyang District Beijing and National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from January 2019 to November 2021.The 3.0 Tesla standard prostate multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)examinations found 161 lesions with prostate ima-ging reporting and data system(PI-RADS)scores≥3.With patients under intravenous anesthesia and indwelling catheter,2-4 needle CF-TB biopsies were performed using transperineal ultrasound guidance,followed by 12 needle SB.Patients who underwent SB,CF-TB,and CB were each analyzed by stratification for their respective csPCa and incsPCa detection rates,age,PSA,CF-TB needle count,PI-RADS score,and digital rectal examination results.Results:The median PSA value for all patients was 11.50(0.52-49.37 ng/mL).In total,161 lesions with PI-RADS score≥3 points were found.All 151 patients received 12 needles of SB,while 47,52,and 52 patients received 2,3,and 4 needles of CF-TB,respectively.The respective positivity rates of SB,CF-TB and CB in diagnosing csPCa were 54.3%(82/151),53.0%(80/151)and 58.9%(89/151).Statistical results indicate that the difference in positivity rate between CB and SB is significant(P=0.016)as is the difference between CB and CF-TB positivity rates(P=0.004).The respective positivity rates of SB,CF-TB,and CB in diagnosing incsPCa were 7.9%(12/151)、9.3%(14/151),and 11.3%(17/151).The positivity rate of CB was not significantly different than that of SB or CF-TB(all P>0.05).Stratification plane analysis with age,PSA value,number of CF-TB needles,PI-RADS score,and digital rectal examination results showed that the 2-needle CF-TB scheme was inferior to CB in diagnosing csPCa(P=0.031).There was no significant difference in the csPCa positivity rates of 3-needle and 4-needle CF-TB relative to CB.Conclusions:CB achieves a higher csPCa diagnosis rate without increasing de-tection of incsPCa under transperineal ultrasound guidance.CF-TB with 3-needles per lesion was highly effective in diagnosing csPCa.
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Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system, also known as "the king of cancer" . Its incidence is increasing year by year worldwide. At present, there is still a lack of effective screening methods for pancreatic cancer, and the early symptoms are not obvious. Most pancreatic cancer is diagnosed in the late stage, and the best time for surgery has been lost, and patients often have poor response to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy, so the prognosis is very poor. The occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer are closely related to genetic background, environmental factors, basic diseases and living habits. So far, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, alcohol, chronic pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and family history, the cause of pancreatic cancer is still not very clear. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that in addition to the already recognized risk factors for pancreatic cancer, there is a certain relationship between digestive microecological disorders and the progression of pancreatic cancer. The authors review the research status of digestive system microecology and pancreatic cancer, in order to understand the role of digestive system microecology disorders in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer, thus providing a new way to effectively improve the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
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El cáncer de mama es el tumor de la mujer más diagnosticado en la gran mayoría de los países. Los factores no hereditarios son los principales impulsores de las diferencias internacionales e interétnicas observadas en la incidencia de este cáncer. Las tasas de incidencia del cáncer de mama han aumentado en la mayoría de los países en transición en las últimas décadas, en tanto que en la mayoría de los países más avanzados, las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de mama han ido en descenso como resultado de la detección temprana de la enfermedad, los avances en el trata miento y mayor accesibilidad a los servicios de salud. Los principales factores de riesgo para el cáncer de mama no son fácilmente modificables porque se derivan de exposiciones hormonales endógenas prolongadas. La prevención a través de la promoción de la lactancia materna, particularmente su mayor duración, pudiera ser beneficioso. La incidencia de cáncer de mama en Panamá se comporta de manera similar a los países con índice de desarrollo Humano en transición; ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas como resultado del aumento en la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo conocidos y la mejoría en la recolección de datos.
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed woman's tumor in the vast majority of countries. The nonhere ditary factors are the main drivers of the international and interethnic differences observed in the incidence of this cancer. Breast cancer incidence rates have increased in most countries in transition in recent decades, while in most of the more advanced countries, breast cancer death rates have been declining asa result of breast cancer. early detection of the disease, advances in treatment and greater accessibility to health services . The main risk factors for breast cancer are not easily modifiable because they are derived from prolonged endogenous hormonal exposures. Prevention through the promotion of breastfeeding, particularly its longer duration, could be beneficial. The inci dence of breast cancer in Panama behaves similarly to countries with a Human Development Index in transition; It has been increasing in recent decades as a result of the inc rease in the prevalence of k nown risk factors and the improvement in data collection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Breast Neoplasms/ethnology , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Literature , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Development IndicatorsABSTRACT
El cáncer de Mama es el tumor más frecuente de la mujer y su incidencia va en aumento. En la atención primaria del paciente, se debe establecer el riesgo de padecer cáncer de mama durante la vida, a través de una historia clínica orientada a los factores de riesgo familiares e individuales, de tal forma que podamos implementar las estrategias de tamizaje apropiadas. Las estrategias de tamizaje deben ser aplicadas de manera sistemáticas, y los resultados anormales referidos a un centro con experiencia en el diagnóstico. Los pacientes diagnosticados deben ser evaluador por un equipo multidisciplinario con experiencia en el manejo de la muestra, estadificación y tratamiento del cáncer de mama.
Breast cancer is the most frequent tumor in women and its incidence is increasing. In the primary care of the patient, the risk of suffering from breast cancer should be established during life, through a clinical history focused on family and individual risk factors, in such a way that we can implement the appropriate screening strategies. Screening strategies should be applied systematically, and abnormal results referred to a center with experience in diagnosis . Patients diagnosed should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team with experience in the management of the sample, staging and treatment of breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/blood , Mass Screening , Biopsy, Large-Core Needle/methods , Breast/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of down-regulated PVT1 on the proliferation,migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC)C666-1 cells. Methods Expression of PVT1 in NPC cell lines was de-tected by real-time RT-PCR. The effects of PVT1 silencing on cell proliferation were detected using MTT assay. Transwell assay was performed to assess the effect of down-regulated PVT1 on C666-1 cells migration and invasion. Protein level of N-cadherin,Vimentin and E-cadherin were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results Expression of PVT1 was significantly increased in seven NPC cell lines. Expression of PVT1 was reduced compared to the control group after the siPVT1 transfection. C666-1 cell proliferation was inhibited as compared with siNC group after transfection. The number of migration and invasion cells were significantly reduced while down-regulat-ed PVT1 expression. E-cadherin expression was upregulated while N-cadherin and Vimentinafter was downregulat-ed after PVT1 silencing. Conclusions Downregulation of PVT1 in C666-1 cells via siPVT1 transfection can inhib-it cell growth,migration and invasion,as well as reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PVT1 may serve as a biomarker or even a therapeutic target for NPC.
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Objective: To observe the influence of TRPV6 gene silence on SW480 colon cancer cell biological behavior, change in the in-tracellular concentration of calcium, as well as influence of 1,25 (OH)2D3CaCl2and CuCl2on SD rat colonic neoplasm models. Method: SW480 colon cancer cells were infected using lentivirus particles. TRPV6 protein and mRNA expression was detected using immunohistochemical tests, Western blot, and PCR. Moreover, the proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis of SW480 colon cancer cells were detected through MTT assay and metastasis and apoptosis experiments, and the concentration of Ca2+in SW480 colon cancer cells was measured using high-speed ionic imaging. The SD rat colon cancer model was established based on DMH, and were assigned into experimental group (DMH group, 15) and intervention group (DMH+1,25 (OH)2D3group, DMH+CuCl2group) and control group, 10 in each group. The SD rat colon cancer model is established based on DMH, given 1,25(OH)2D3(37.5 nmol/kg) and CuCl2(375 μmol/kg) separately as intervention. The occurrence of colonic neoplasms and glandular cancers in each group of rats was observed, and Western blot was employed for detection of the TRPV6 protein expression. Results: After the transfection of SW480 colon cancer cells by TRPV6-RNAi, the expression of TRPV6 mRNA and protein decreased, intracellular concentration of Ca2+decreased, proliferation and metastasis rate of SW480 colon cancer cells decreased, and apoptosis rate of these cells increased. The differences between the groups with intervention and the blank control group and negative control group showed statistical significance (P<0.05). The colon cancer occurrence rate in the control group was 0, while that of the DMH+1,25 (OH)2D3 group, DMH group, and DMH+CuCl2were 100%, 84.62%, and 33.33%, respectively. The TRPV6 protein expression was detected in all groups, while DMH+1,25(OH)2D3group was observed to exhibit the highest level of expression, followed by the DMH group, DMH+CuCl2group, and control group. The differences were of statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusions: The proliferation and metastasis of SW480 colon cancer cells can be prohibited by lowering the concentration of Ca2+in the cells. Thus, the apoptosis of the cells can be induced. 1,25 (OH)2D3can help improve the expression of TRPV6 protein in experimental rat colon tissues and promote the formation of colon neoplasms. CuCl2can help lower the expression of TRPV6 protein in experimental rat colon tissues and prevent the formation of colon neoplasms.
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Objective We investigated the expression profile of cancer related genes in hMSCs co-cultured with U251 glioma cells, to evaluate the risk of malignant transformation of hMSCs in glioma environment. Methods hMSCs were co-cultured with U251 glioma cells for 5 days and the expression profile of cancer-related genes were investigated by using microarray assay, followed by Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Of the 440 cancer-re?lated genes covered by Oligo GEArray Human Cancer Microarray OHS-802, SPINT2, TK1, STC1, MMP1, CCND1, SORT1, SEPT6, CDC20, SHB, CDK5, RELA, XRCC4, KIT, CTPS, CAPNS1 and ETV6 were significantly upregulated (>3-fold) whereas none was downregulated in hMSCs co-cultured with U251 glioma cells. The upregulation of oncogenes KIT, CAPNS1, TK1, MMP1, CCND1, CDC20, RELA and STC1 in co-cultured hMSCs were confirmed by Real-time quan? titative RT-PCR. The upregulation of protein expression of oncogenes KIT, MMP1, CCND1 and RELA were detected by Western blot. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that co-culture of hMSCs with human glioma cells leads to up?regulation of some important oncogenes in hMSCs, indicating the tumorigenic potential of hMSCs in glioma environment.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of medroxyprogesterone or dydrogesterone combined with hystero-scopic electrosurgery in the treatment of early estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer. METHODS:42 patients with early estro-gen-dependent endometrial cancer were randomly divided into medroxyprogesterone group (21 cases) and dydrogesterone group (21 cases). All patients received hysteroscopic electrosurgery. Medroxyprogesterone group received 100 mg Medroxyprogesterone acetate tablet,3 times a day. Dydrogesterone group received 100 mg Dydrogesterone tablet,twice a day. The treatment course for both groups was 6 months. Clinical efficacy,carbohydrate antigen CA125(CA125),body mass and the incidence of adverse reac-tions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:After 3 months of treatment,the total effective rate in dydrogesterone group was sig-nificantly lower than medroxyprogesterone group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in CA125 and body mass in 2 groups (P>0.05). After 3 and 12 months,CA125 levels in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,12 months was lower than 3 months,and dydrogesterone group was higher than medroxyprogesterone group after 3 months,the differ-ences were statistically significant (P0.05). After treatment,the body mass in medroxyprogesterone group was significantly higher than before,the difference was statis-tically significant (P0.05). And the incidence of adverse reactions in dydrogesterone group was significantly lower than medroxyprogesterone group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The short-term efficacy of medroxyprogesterone combined with hysteroscopic electrosurgery is superior to dydrogesterone combined with hysteroscopic electrosurgery in the treatment of early estro-gen-dependent endometrial cancer,but medroxyprogesterone combined with hysteroscopic electrosurgery shows high incidence of adverse reactions. Long-term effects of both Dydrogesterone and Medroxyprogesterone are equivalent.
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AIM:ToinvestigatetheroleofMALAT1incolorectalcancermetastasis.METHODS:ThemRNA expression levels of MALAT1 and Rac1b in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues were examined by real-time PCR. MALAT1 was knocked down by siRNA in colorectal cancer cell lines .The expression of Rac1b and the epithelial-mesen-chymal transition markers was examined by Western blot .Cell proliferation was determined by EdU analysis .The effects of MALAT1 on the cell migration and invasion were examined by Transwell assay .RESULTS: The expression of MALAT1 was down-regulated in colorectal cancer .Down-regulation of MALAT1 induced Rac1b overexpression, which in turn in-creased the expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin.Furthermore, down-regulation of MALAT1 promoted the cell proliferation, invasion and migration.CONCLUSION:MALAT1 is associated with metastasis of colorectal cancer through regulating the expression of Rac1b and the downstream factors.
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Objective To summarize and analysis the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of the cases which were positive for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Methods We analyzed the disease process, clinical characteristics, auxiliary examination , diagnosis, treat-ment, and prognosis of five cases positive for anti NMDA receptor antibodies in their serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results Four of the five cases positive for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antibodies were di-agnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and one was diagnosed with Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis(HSE). The five cases had a similar disease presentation including prodromal flu-like symptoms in three cases and psychiatric symptoms at onset in three cases. Four cases developed epilepsy and respiratory failure during the disease course and received treatment in the NICU. Four cases had movement disorders during the late stage of isease..Electroencephalo-graphs and brain MRI showed abnormalities in most cases. The virus infection and dysimmunity test were positive in four cases. Patients with the anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis could have a good immediate prognosis after treatment with hormone and immune globulin. However, two cases developed cancer and one case died during one year fol-low-up. Conclusion Patients with HSE may also test positive for anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. Thus, diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis requires a thorough evaluation including patient’s history and disease course to avoid misdiagnosis.
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As a new model of pre-cancer, organoid is essential for the basic understanding of tumor characteristic and effective tumor treatment. Organoids derived from prostate play an especially important role in the research of fundamental oncology and anticancer drug screen against prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts derived directly from primary human tumors are widely used now as models to study prostate cancer and have proven very valuable. But there are some caveats and shortcomes of these two models that have to be accounted for. Here we outline organoid as a third preclini?cal cancer model which may potentially overcome the shortcomes of cancer cell lines and PDTX. This article aims to summa?rizee recent progress of the role of organoid in prostate cancer research.
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Objective To compare the application value of laparoscopic-assisted radical resection of right colon cancer and open radical resection of right colon cancer. Methods Fifty-three patients receiving laparoscopic-assisted radical resection of right colon cancer were selected as the laparoscopy group and fifty-two patients receiving open radical re-section of right colon cancer were selected as the laparotomy group. The operative situation, postoperative functional re-covery situation, postoperative complications, postoperative local recurrence and metastasis situation of the two groups were compared. Results The laparoscopy group had less (shorter) intraoperative blood loss, intestinal exhaust time and length of hospital stay than the laparotomy group(P<0.01); The incidence of postoperative complications of the la-paroscopy group was 9.43%, which was significantly lower than the 30.77%of the laparotomy group(P<0.01);The local recurrence rate and metastasis rate of the laparoscopy group were 7.55% and 3.77%, which were not significantly dif-ferent from the 15.38%and 13.46%of the laparotomy group (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared to open radical resection of right colon cancer, laparoscopic-assisted radical resection of right colon cancer has the advantages of less intraoper-ative blood loss, faster recovery of bowel function, lower incidence of complications and shorter hospital stay, which is in line with radical treatment principles of tumor and worthy of clinical large-sample and long-term follow-up verifica-tion on surgical methods and effects.
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Objectives To observe the pre and post-operational changes of the expressions of survivin, caspase-3 and CD44V6 in patients with colorectal cancer after intra-abdominal implantation of sustained releasing fluorouracil. Meth-ods Sixty-four patients with colorectal cancer (Dukes’stage of B and C) were divided into treatment group and control group, 32 patients in each group. The standard radical surgery was performed in two groups of patients. The fluorouracil im-plants were implanted intra-abdominally in treatment group. The peripheral blood levels of surviving and caspase-3 were de-tected by RT-PCR. The level of CD44V6 was detected by flow cytometry in two groups of patients. Results There were no significant differences in levels of survivin, caspase-3 and CD44V6 before surgery between two groups (P>0.05). The level of survivin (0.362 ± 0.183) was significantly lower at 14 days after operation in treatment group than that of control group (0.585±0.207), but the level of caspase-3 (2.001±0.146) was significantly higher than that of control group (1.654±0.111). The levels of CD44V6 were significantly lower in treatment group (1.857±0.535) and control group (3.471±0.496) after opera-tion than those before operation (9.557±1.170 and 9.729±0.943, P<0.05), and the level of CD44V6 was significantly lower in treatment group than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The implant for the sustained release of fluorouracil showed a positive impact on micrometastases and prognosis of colorectal cancer, while improved the long-term efficacy of postoperative colorectal cancer.