Scholars'consensus on the construction and development of chinese medical humanities:summary of"seminar on the construction of Chinese medical humanities"held in Harbin in August 2023 / 中国医学伦理学

On August 2-4,2023,the"Third Summit Forum on'Building a Community of Shared Future for Doctors and Patients'"was jointly organized by institutions such as the Chinese Medical Ethics,the Hospital Humanities Management and Talent Training Special Committee of the China Population and Culture Promotion Association,Center for Ethical Studies of Renmin University of China,the Newspaper for China's Physicians,the China Health Law Society,the China Anti-Cancer Association,and the China Association For Ethical Studies in Harbin.The conference arranged a sub-forum for the"Seminar on the Construction of Chinese Medical Humanities",with domestic medical humanities scholars attending the conference.After heated discussions at the seminar,the Scholars'Consensus on the Construction and Development of Chinese Medical Humanities was formed.It was proposed that in the new era,it is urgent to build the medical humanities discipline,as well as lead the academic integration and development of medical humanities under the core socialist values.At the same time,for the construction of the medical humanities discipline,it is necessary to optimize the organizational mechanism,prosper and develop the overall framework of the medical humanities discipline,accelerate the construction of a professional teaching team for the medical humanities discipline,promote the establishment of a new carrier medical humanities education and teaching in cultivating morality and nurturing talents,as well as focus on solving problems related to the cultivation of medical humanities graduate students.

Study on the Conjugate Mechanism of Hospital Performance Management and Disciplines Construction / 中国医院管理

Hospitals without disciplines have no performance performance,the focus of performance reform lies in mechanism transformation.Hospital performance management and discipline construction are interdependent relationships.Performance management provides guidance and motivation for the process of discipline construction,the construction of disciplines provides a value basis for the business connotation of performance management.Guiding discipline construction by clarifying the disease efficacy system.Clarify discipline construction by refining the technical system.Quantify discipline construction by organizing departmental projects.Transform financial and personnel performance assessment into technical value management.The conjugate mechanism can trigger and drive the deployment,support,and fulfillment of business.Performance management plans are only effective when they are publicly available.Only solutions that comply with business logic can be made public.By mining valuable data,we tap into potential business value.

Implications of Symbiosis Theory for the Coordinated Development of Subspecialties in Large General Hospitals / 中国医院管理

The relationship between antagonism and symbiosis exists not only in the biological world,but also among the subspecialties of large tertiary grade A general hospitals.In the context of symbiosis theory,the following recommendations based on the four basic elements of subspecialty symbiosis systems were proposed to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the path of high-quality development of subspecialties:enhance the capacity of the symbiosis unit itself and clarify the role of the unit;establish efficient information system and make full use of management platform;improve interest coordination mechanism and strengthen inter-subspecialty ties;implement relevant support policies and solid sense of symbiotic to synergy provide a theoretical basis for exploring pathways for high quality development of subspecialties.

Research on the Construction Path of a New Mechanism for the Operation of Public Hospitals in China / 中国医院管理

Improving the construction of new mechanisms for the operation of public hospitals is an important task in promoting the comprehensive reform of public hospitals and the construction of modern hospital management systems.It analyzes the background of constructing new operational mechanisms based on policy evolution,histori-cal evolution,and practical needs,and analyzes the problems of imbalanced management resource allocation struc-ture,one-sided pursuit of economic benefits,low input-output efficiency,and low personnel enthusiasm in hospital operation.It proposes to grasp the key path and main measures to improve the construction of new operating mecha-nisms for public hospitals while respecting industry characteristics,adhering to government leadership,and improving market regulation.

Investigation on polyurethane grouting waterproof material-induced occupational acute 1,2-dichloroethane poisoning in the construction industry / 中国职业医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the causes of occupational acute 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) poisoning accident during the use of polyurethane grouting materials for waterproof plugging operation in the construction industry. Methods By combining the clinical symptoms of the patient, worksite survey of occupational health and workplace occupational hazards monitoring method, the cause of an occupational acute 1,2-DCE poisoning accident was investigated at a construction site during the use of polyurethane grouting material for waterproofing and plugging operations. Results The patient was engaged in waterproof grouting work using polyurethane grouting material. The main volatile organic components in the raw materials were 1,2-DCE, with traces of dichloromethane, methyl acetate and others. The result of post-incident on-site investigation showed that the short-term exposure concentration of 1,2-DCE in the workplace air was 578.70 mg/m3, which was more than 30 times higher than the national occupational health standard limit. The mass concentration of 1,2-DCE in the patient's blood was 230 μg/L. Combined with the patient's occupational hazard exposure history, clinical manifestations, worksite survey of occupational health, and laboratory test results, according to GBZ 39-2016 Diagnosis of Occupational Acute 1,2-Dichloroethane Poisoning, this incident was diagnosed as a severe occupational acute 1,2-DCE poisoning event caused by the use of inferior polyurethane grouting material. Conclusion The excessive concentration of 1,2-DCE in the workplace air is the main cause of this poisoning accident. Construction sites with confined space operations should improve various occupational health management systems, occupational health engineering protective facilities, and personal protective equipment must be provided for workers.

Analysis of on-site technical evaluation of 88 provincial health enterprises in Shandong Province / 中国职业医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the on-site technical evaluation results of the provincial-level health enterprises in Shandong Province. Methods A total of 88 provincial-level health enterprises in Shandong Province in 2021 were selected as the research subjects using the convenient sampling method. The scores of on-site technical assessments were analyzed. Results The total score of on-site technical evaluations for the 88 provincial health enterprises was (942.1±21.8) points. The scores for the first-level indicators, including management system, health environment, health management and services, and health culture, were (193.7±4.7), (191.6±5.2), (414.4±16.4), and (142.3±6.7) points, respectively. The score for health culture in large-sized enterprises was higher than that in medium-sized and below enterprises (P<0.05). State-owned enterprises had higher total scores than private enterprises and joint-stock enterprises (both P<0.05). The score for health management and services in the mining industry was higher than that in the manufacturing industry (P<0.05). Enterprises with high total investment in health promotion had higher scores for health culture than those with low investment (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the scores for indicators of management system and health environment among enterprises of different sizes, natures, industries, and total investments in health promotion (all P>0.05). Conclusion The overall score of these 88 enterprises was higher than the standard for provincial health enterprises. Except for management systems and general environment, there were some differences in the scores for health management and services, and health culture assessments among enterprises of different sizes, natures, industries, and total investments in health promotion.

Exploration and Practice of Curriculum Construction of Biological Clock and Health / 生物化学与生物物理进展

General education in natural sciences is a critical component in higher education. In this article, I introduced the exploration and practice of curriculum construction of “Biological Clock and Health” at Tsinghua University. The course has been open to students for 3 semesters so far. Students who selected the course come from 27 departments of the university. The students provided positive feedbacks after taking this class, including self-report of improved sleep quality and better understanding of the research logic and methods in life sciences. The logic and methods of the construction of “Biological Clock and Health” described in this article provide insights to the construction of other courses in natural sciences of general education.

Aproximaciones a la sexualidad en la niñez desde terapia ocupacional / Aproximações à sexualidade na infância a partir da terapia ocupacional / Approaches to sexuality in childhood from occupational therapy

Resumen El presente artículo consta de una revisión bibliográfica que tiene por objetivo describir los distintos factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la sexualidad infantil para comprenderla desde la terapia ocupacional. La problemática planteada aborda la invisibilidad de los componentes naturales y normativos de la sexualidad en la primera y segunda infancia y cómo la terapia ocupacional se aproxima a estos factores en su intervención. Para llevar a cabo esta búsqueda bibliográfica, se utilizaron variadas bases de datos y revistas de terapia ocupacional, con el fin de encontrar textos que tuvieran relación con el objetivo y problemática propuesta, los cuales fueron filtrados de acuerdo a criterios de exclusión e inclusión. De los resultados se obtiene que existe escasa información académica respecto a cómo se relacionan directamente los componentes de la sexualidad infantil con las áreas de trabajo de la terapia ocupacional. Por lo anterior se concluye que la disciplina está recientemente en la incorporación del abordaje de esta temática y se plantea la necesidad urgente de reconstruir la conceptualización de la sexualidad infantil, desde una base de derechos de la niñez y alejándose de la hegemonía de una cultura heteronormada y adultocéntrica. Se consideran los distintos factores que influyen al desarrollo de la sexualidad infantil y entendiéndola no solo como ocupación sino como parte fundamental de la identidad ocupacional, que tiene como componentes la autonomía corporal, el desarrollo socio afectivo, el placer y el disfrute, el género y las elecciones ocupacionales, los cuales guiarían el abordaje de terapia ocupacional.

Resumo O presente artigo consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica que tem como objetivo descrever os diferentes fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento da sexualidade infantil para compreendê-la a partir da terapia ocupacional. A problemática levantada aborda a invisibilidade dos componentes naturais e normativos da sexualidade na primeira e segunda infâncias e como o terapeuta ocupacional aborda esses fatores em sua intervenção. Para realizar esta busca bibliográfica, foram utilizadas diversas bases de dados e periódicos da área de terapia ocupacional, a fim de encontrar textos que estivessem relacionados ao objetivo e problemática propostos, os quais foram filtrados segundo critérios de exclusão e inclusão. Dos resultados obtém-se que há escassa informação acadêmica a respeito de como os componentes da sexualidade infantil estão diretamente relacionados às áreas de atuação do terapeuta ocupacional. Portanto, conclui-se que a disciplina está incorporando recentemente a abordagem dessa temática e se levanta a urgente necessidade de reconstruir a conceituação da sexualidade infantil, a partir de uma base de direitos da criança e afastando-se da hegemonia de uma cultura heteronormativa adultocêntrica. São considerados os diferentes fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento da sexualidade infantil, entendendo-a não apenas como uma ocupação, mas também como parte fundamental da identidade ocupacional, cujos componentes são autonomia corporal, desenvolvimento socioafetivo, prazer e gozo, gênero e escolhas ocupacionais, os quais orientariam a abordagem da terapia ocupacional.

Abstract This article consists of a bibliographical review that aims to describe the different factors that influence the development of child sexuality to understand it from Occupational Therapy (OT). The problem raised addresses the invisibility of the natural and normative components of sexuality in early and second childhood and how OT approaches these factors in its intervention. To carry out this bibliographic search, various databases and journals of Occupational Therapy were used, in order to find texts that were related to the objective and proposed problem, which were filtered according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. From the results it is obtained that there is limited academic information regarding how the components of child sexuality are directly related to the areas of work of the OT. From the foregoing, it is concluded that the discipline is recently incorporating the approach to this issue and the urgent need to reconstruct the conceptualization of child sexuality is raised, from a base of children's rights, moving away from the hegemony of a heteronormative culture, and adult centric. The different factors that influence the development of child sexuality are considered, understanding it not only as an occupation but also as a fundamental part of occupational identity, whose components are bodily autonomy, socio-affective development, pleasure and enjoyment, gender and occupational choices, which would guide the occupational therapy approach.

Biomechanical impact of labiolingual diameter on endodontically treated anterior teeth with crown restoration under occlusal loading

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of the labiolingual diameter and construction of an endodontically treated (ET) anterior tooth with crown restoration on stress distribution and biomechanical safety under occlusal loading. Methodology Three-dimensional finite element models were generated for maxillary central incisors with all-ceramic crown restorations. The labiolingual diameters of the tooth, defined as the horizontal distance between the protrusion of the labial and lingual surfaces, were changed as follows: (D1) 6.85 mm, (D2) 6.35 mm, and (D3) 5.85 mm. The model was constructed as follows: (S0) vital pulp tooth; (S1) ET tooth; (S2) ET tooth with a 2 mm ferrule, restored with a fiber post and composite resin core; (S3) ET tooth without a ferrule, restored with a fiber post and composite resin core. A total of 12 models were developed. In total, two force loads (100 N) were applied to the crown's incisal edge and palatal surface at a 45° oblique angle to the longitudinal axis of the teeth. The Von Mises stress distribution and maximum stress of the models were analyzed. Results Regardless of the loading location, stress concentration and maximum stress (34.07~66.78MPa) in all models occurred in the labial cervical 1/3 of each root. Both labiolingual diameter and construction influenced the maximum stress of the residual tooth tissue, with the impact of the labiolingual diameter being greater. A reduction in labiolingual diameter led to increased maximum stress throughout the tooth. The ferrule reduced the maximum stress of the core of S2 models (7.15~10.69 MPa), which is lower compared with that of S3 models (19.45~43.67 MPa). Conclusion The labiolingual diameter exerts a greater impact on the biomechanical characteristics of ET anterior teeth with crown restoration, surpassing the influence of the construction. The ferrule can reduce the maximum stress of the core and maintain the uniformity of stress distribution.

Ponytail Left Anterior Descending Artery: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Division of the anterior descending branch into many small arteries is a rare coronary anomaly. We report the case of a 64-year-old female with severe stenosis (>75%) in the proximal region of the anterior descending branch as indicated by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). In addition, coronary angiography showed that the anterior descending branch of the coronary artery split into numerous small arteries, an anomaly that can confound clinical examination.

Bibliometric analysis of a leadership indicator system in the medical field / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the current status of research on the construction of leadership indicator system in the medical field at home and abroad, and to analyze the characteristics of the indicator system therein.Methods:This was a bibliometric study. The group applied subject keywords to search relevant literature on the construction of leadership indicator system in the medical field at home and abroad on English websites PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scopus and Chinese websites Baidu Academic, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, with a time frame of 2016-2023. The basic characteristics of the literature, the theoretical framework of the research application and the research theme were extracted, and the content of the indicator system in the literature was reviewed and summarized.Results:A total of 21 literatures were included, including 7 Chinese literatures and 14 English literatures. Of these literatures, 10 focused on physician leadership, 5 on medical manager leadership, and 2 on general practitioner leadership. Among 16 research literatures, 9 informed the theoretical basis of leadership, and 4 literatures were applied research. Five main themes were identified: leadership studies of individual healthcare administrators, leadership development in healthcare, interest and attitudes of healthcare workers towards leadership learning, applications of leadership in healthcare, and the impact of leadership in healthcare on patients and healthcare organizations.Conclusions:At present, research on the construction of the leadership indicator system in the medical field presents is diverse, with differences in theoretical basis and content. The original and empirical research is still insufficient.

Inheritance and innovation: pursue the best in discipline development of microsurgery / 中华显微外科杂志

Microsurgery is not only a technology, but also a science. Microsurgery was enlisted as a tier-three discipline in the Classification of National Clinical Medicine Disciplines (Discipline code 320.2715) in 1992. In the new era, the discipline development of microsurgery should be inherited, innovated, realistic and pragmatic, and it also relies on the other surgical specialties to expand the applications of microsurgery. Microsurgery technology should firmly adhere to its core competitiveness and hold high the banner of microsurgical characteristics by offering the best possible serves to all the clinical surgical disciplines; Pay equal attention to medicine, teaching and scientific researches; Unite, collaborate and strengthen academic exchanges at home and abroad; Focus on talent training (i.e. exports of great country, leading figures, etc.) and support the development of private hospitals specialised in microsurgery. The supportive roles of the Chinese Journal of Microsurgery shall be further enforced to facilitate the discipline development of microsurgery and promoting high-quality development of microsurgery.

Establishment and exploration of evaluation system for science and technology achievements in university-affiliated hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To construct a scientific and technological evaluation system based on the needs of the pilot program for building a national high-quality hospital and establishing a national medical center.Methods:Xiangya Hospital of Central South University gradually improved its academic evaluation system by following the guidelines outlined in national authorities′ documents regarding "abolishing the five only" and "setting new standards", adhering to the guiding principles of "quality, contribution, efficiency, and impact" and employing the principles of "high-standard evaluation, quantitative evaluation, representative work evaluation, and third-party evaluation" .Results:The hospital established a comprehensive, scientific, and quantifiable indicator pool. These indicators were applied to various aspects of medical innovation evaluation, including awarding incentives, discipline assessment, professional promotion, personnel assessment, mentor selection for graduates, and excellence evaluation. Simultaneously, the hospital developed an intelligent platform for medical innovation evaluation and assessment in university-affiliated hospitals based on performance management theory.Conclusions:Through the construction and practice of the Xiangya technology evaluation system, the hospital further improved and optimized its academic evaluation work, guiding researchers to high-quality innovation and efficient translational research, ultimately promoting the high-quality development of the hospital.

Exploration of high-quality development of the national regional medical center driven by discipline construction / 中华医院管理杂志

Discipline construction is the main focus of the high-quality development of public hospitals. The authors elaborated on the practice of Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen), Fudan University, based on the " double-center" homogenization management, implementing the 123456 strategy of " integrated management and homogeneous development" in discipline construction. The hospital has promoted discipline construction from six aspects: building discipline cluster, promoting talent cultivation, building science and technology innovation platform, precise personnel classification, medical and education collaborative education, and information sharing and support. It has achieved new development goals of filling weak discipline gaps, transforming talent transfusion into hematopoietic, and integrating medical, educational, research and management innovation. However, it also encountered difficulties such as homogenization barrier of discipline construction, shortage of excellent talents, and limited brand influence of superior disciplines. The authors put forward suggestions from three dimensions: deepening homogeneous management, building talent echelon, and increasing publicity, in order to provide experience for the high-quality development of other hospitals.

Exploration on Constructing Good Tutor-postgraduate Relationship Under the Background of Striving for"Double First-class"Traditional Chinese Medicine Universities / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the construction measures of a new pattern of tutor-postgraduate relationship under the background of striving for"double first-class"traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)university,in order to continuously improve the quality of postgraduate training in TCM universities.[Methods]Under the background of striving for"double first-class"TCM universities,this paper introduces the practical significance of building a good mentoring relationship,and analyzes the outstanding problems existing in the mentoring relationship in the current TCM universities from the perspective of tutors and postgraduates-the two main subjects.[Results]Through the establishment of a good mentoring relationship,the tutor-postgraduate relationship has generally been positively influenced,and the communication between teachers and students has become closer and more efficient.Through a series of positive incentive mechanisms,tutors are more active in providing support and help to postgraduates in academic guidance,academic guidance and life care,and postgraduates are more active in cooperating with tutors in various scientific research work.The quantity and quality of academic papers published by postgraduates have been significantly improved,and the scientific research and teaching work of the tutor team have been carried out more efficiently with remarkable progress.[Conclusion]Starting from the three aspects of strengthening the positive core value of"respecting teachers and medicine",perfecting the relevant system and correcting the imbalance of the tutor-postgraduate relationship,the School of Basic Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University focuses on exploring the new mode of building a good tutor-postgraduate relationship,and puts forward feasible suggestions through a series of measures.This mode has significantly improved the tutor-postgraduate relationship.It not only plays a positive role in improving postgraduates'professional level and communication-scientific research-innovation ability,but also provides a guarantee for tutors to complete teaching and scientific research work successfully,which is worthy of further improvement and promotion.

Construction and reliability and validity of a scale for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe existing tools in China for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint do not sufficiently consider the specialty in psychiatric practice， and the scale items are somewhat cumbersome to use， which together restrict their further promotion and application. Accordingly， there is an urgent need for developing a more scientific assessment tool. ObjectiveTo construct a scale for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint and to verify its reliability and validity， so as to provide a generic tool for the assessment. MethodsBased on the theoretical framework of the knowledge-attitude-practice model， the preliminary scale was formed through systematic literature review， qualitative interview and Delphi method. From July to December 2021， a stratified sampling was utilized to select 729 psychiatric nurses from tertiary， secondary and primary （including unclassified medical institutions and grassroots hospitals） psychiatric hospitals in Guangdong Province. The formal scale was developed through item analysis， exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The validity of the scale was evaluated by content validity and structure validity， and the reliability was verified by procedures including Cronbach's α coefficient， test-retest reliability， and split-half reliability. ResultsA total of 12 items of three dimensions （knowledge， attitude， practice） were included in the scale for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint. The scale-level content validity index （S-CVI） was 0.941， and the item-level content validity index （I-CVI） ranged from 0.812 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors， and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 62.948%. The confirmatory factor yielded adequate fit. Cronbach's α coefficient was found to be 0.887 for the scale， 0.819 for knowledge dimension， 0.842 for attitude dimension， and 0.831 for practice dimension. The split-half reliability and test-retest reliability for the scale were 0.712 and 0.922， respectively. ConclusionThe scale shows satisfactory reliability and validity， which can be used to assess psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint. ［Funded by Guangdong Clinical Teaching Base Teaching Reform Research Project （number， 2021JD119）］

Analysis of factors influencing the complication of dry eye after corneal transplantation and construction of nomogram predictive model / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the influencing factors of postoperative dry eye complication after corneal transplantation and to build a nomogram prediction model.METHODS: Clinical data were collected on 117 patients who underwent corneal transplantation at our hospital from March 2021 to February 2023. They were divided into dry eye group(n=96)and non-dry eye group(n=21)according to whether there was a postoperative dry eye. The risk factors of postoperative complication of dry eye after corneal transplantation were analyzed, the nomogram prediction model for predicting postoperative complication of dry eye after corneal transplantation was constructed, and the internal validation of the model and the prediction efficacy were assessed by calibration curves and decision curves, respectively.RESULTS: Comorbid diabetes mellitus, comorbid sleep disorders, comorbid meibomian gland dysfunction, chronic eye drop abuse, chronic corneal contact lens wear, interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were the risk factors for the complication of dry eye after corneal transplantation(P&#x003C;0.05). The nomogram model predicted a C-index of 0.890(95% CI 0.877-0.903). The nomogram model had a threshold &#x003E;0.07, and the nomogram model provided higher net clinical benefit than the single index in all cases.CONCLUSION: The nomogram model built in this study based on the factors affecting the complication of dry eye after corneal transplantation has a good predictive value for the complication of dry eye after corneal transplantation.

Conceptual Framework of A Next-generation General-purpose Clinical Scientific Disease Database / 肿瘤防治研究

Empowered by the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology and information security technology, basic medicine, translational medicine, and clinical medicine have entered a new era. In this process, the relevant data such as text, genetics, images, and videos have increased at an astonishing rate. Traditional specialized disease databases cannot adapt to the multimodality of data and the multicentralization of data sources in the present/future. Therefore, establishing a next-generation multimodal and multicenter collaborative specialized disease database that is suitable for secure data sharing and ethical in clinical research is essential. This paper expounds the concept and basic framework of developing a next-generation clinical research disease database with universal use, emphasizing the establishment of a multimodal data integration mechanism, a multicenter collaborative system supported by privacy-preserving computing, highly intelligent software and hardware entities, and an integrated operational management mode. It also introduces the application of this concept in the construction of a breast cancer three-dimensional life database, a project of China Breast Cancer Innovation Alliance.

Exploring the Cultural Origins and Developmental Patterns of Academic Schools in Traditional Chinese Medicine from a Constructivist Perspective / 中医杂志

Using constructivism theory， this study explored the relationship between the "origin" and "flow" of academic schools in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， clarified the developmental patterns of schools， and provided insights for the modernization， inheritance， and innovation of current schools. Academic schools originate from different cultural sources， and their differentiation and development are similar to the replication， spread and variation of biological "genes". The theoretical characteristics of constructivism align well with the principles of formation and differentiation of academic schools. The construction of academic thoughts and core diagnostic and therapeutic concepts within each school can be seen as a multilevel unity of self-construction， mutual construction among individuals， and social construction. Firstly， individual medical practitioners choose and inherit from the origins of TCM， integrating personalized understanding， which then differentiates into various schools in the history of academia. Secondly， during the process of cultural inheritance， medical practitioners from different times and regions gradually form academic schools and local medical schools through the method of "tailoring strategies to three categories of etiological factors" and mutual construction among individuals. Finally， in the context of the scientific， standardized， and intelligent development of modern medicine， the further evolution of academic schools needs to follow the evolutionary laws of traditional medicine， combine with the health needs of the new era， adopt a social construction approach， facilitate multi-party participation in the inheritance and innovation of academic thoughts and clinical experiences， and utilize the internet and intelligent technology means to empower modern development.

Let ′Rare Disease′ Been Seen: Delving into the Building up of Resource and Information Service in Medical Libraries for Rare Diseases / 罕见病研究

With the development of the diagnosis and treatment for rare diseases and the promotion of the construction of ′Double First-Class′ Universities in China, the libraries of medical schools have to make full use of their strengths to better face new challenges in discipline construction proactively. This article refers to resource and information service practices related to the rare disease carried out by medical libraries in China and in other countries; explores the possibilities of building up the resource and information in the future, aiming at improving the awareness of rare diseases among medical students, researchers, and the general public. The article also focuses on the need for strengthening the support for teaching and research into rare diseases, hoping to contribute to the overall improvement of the diagnosis, treatment, and educational research in rare diseases in China.