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1.
Rev. Bras. Med. Fam. Comunidade (Online) ; 19(46): e-3565, 20241804.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1566116

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o Programa Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo (PNCT) em Mato Grosso do Sul, taxas de cobertura, abandono, cessação, uso de medicamentos, rede de serviços de saúde e as razões pelas quais algumas Equipes de Saúde da Família de Campo Grande ainda não aderiram ao programa. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, baseada em dados primários e secundários sobre o PNCT em Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados primários foram obtidos por meio de questionário aplicado aos profissionais das Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) de Campo Grande, sem oferta do programa e avaliados quanto à frequência e presença de correlação entre as variáveis analisadas utilizando V de Cramer e teste de χ2. Os dados secundários foram obtidos do consolidado do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva com os registros produzidos pelos serviços. Resultados: As taxas de adesão, efetividade e apoio farmacológico na capital e interior foram: 66,80 e 59,79%; 20,58 e 34,91%; 32,14 e 99,86%, respectivamente. A oferta do programa ocorreu em 49,37% municípios e 43,85% das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) estimadas. Houve correlações entre ser capacitado e implantar o programa; treinamento de ingresso e oferta na UBS. As dificuldades relatadas pelos profissionais foram a pandemia de COVID-19, a sobrecarga e/ou equipe pequena e/ou falta de tempo e a ausência de capacitação/treinamento. Conclusões: O PNCT em Mato Grosso do Sul apresenta baixa cobertura e oferta restrita na rede de saúde, além do desempenho mediano de assistência aos tabagistas. Evidencia-se a necessidade de investimento em capacitação/treinamento, prioritariamente para as ESF de Campo Grande, dando-lhes condições de responder às necessidades de promoção da saúde, reconhecendo o programa como de maior custo-efetividade.


Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the National Tobacco Control Program (PNCT) in Mato Grosso do Sul, coverage rates, dropout, cessation, use of medication, the health services network and the reasons why Family Health Teams in Campo Grande have not yet joined the program. Methods: This was a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, based on primary and secondary data on the PNCT in Mato Grosso do Sul. The primary data were obtained by means of a questionnaire administered to Family Health Teams (ESF) in Campo Grande, which did not offer the program and evaluated the frequency and presence of correlation between the variables analyzed using Cramer's V test and the χ2 test. The secondary data were obtained from the consolidated records of the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute with the records produced by the services. Results: The rates of adherence, effectiveness and pharmacological support in the capital and interior were: 66.80 and 59.79%; 20.58 and 34.91%; and 32.14 and 99.86%, respectively. The program was offered in 49.37% of the municipalities and 43.85% of the Basic Health Units (UBS) estimated. There were correlations between being trained and implementing the program and entry training and provision in the UBS. The difficulties reported by professionals were the COVID-19 pandemic, overload and/or a small team and/or lack of time and the absence of training. Conclusions: The PNCT in Mato Grosso do Sul has low coverage and restricted supply in the health network, in addition to average performance in assisting smokers. There is a clear need to invest in capacitation/training, primarily for the ESF in Campo Grande, enabling them to respond to the needs of health promotion, recognizing the program as more cost-effective.


Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el Programa Nacional de Control del Tabaco (PNCT) en Mato Grosso do Sul, las tasas de cobertura, el abandono, la cesación, el uso de medicamentos, la red de servicios de salud y las razones por las que los Equipos de Salud de la Familia en Campo Grande aún no se han unido al programa. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo, basado en datos primarios y secundarios sobre el PNCT en Mato Grosso do Sul. Los datos primarios se obtuvieron por medio de un cuestionario aplicado a los Equipos de Salud de la Familia (ESF) de Campo Grande, que no ofrecían el programa y evaluaron la frecuencia y la presencia de correlación entre las variables analizadas utilizando la V de Cramer y la prueba de la χ2. Los datos secundarios se obtuvieron de los registros consolidados del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva con los registros producidos por los servicios. Resultados: Las tasas de adherencia, eficacia y apoyo farmacológico en la capital y en el interior fueron: 66,80 y 59,79%; 20,58 y 34,91%; 32,14 y 99,86%, respectivamente. El programa fue ofrecido en el 49,37% de los municipios y en el 43,85% de las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) estimadas. Hubo correlación entre estar capacitado e implementar el programa; capacitación de entrada y oferta en las UBS. Las dificultades relatadas por los profesionales fueron la pandemia del COVID-19, la sobrecarga y/o un equipo pequeño y/o la falta de tiempo y la ausencia de capacitación. Conclusiones: El PNCT en Mato Grosso do Sul tiene baja cobertura y oferta restringida en la red de salud, además de un desempeño medio en la asistencia a los fumadores. Hay una clara necesidad de invertir en la creación de capacidad / formación, principalmente para la ESF en Campo Grande, lo que les permite responder a las necesidades de promoción de la salud, reconociendo el programa como más rentable.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , National Health Strategies , Smoking Cessation , Smoking Prevention , Tobacco Control
2.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 45(2): 171-182, jul./dez. 2024. ilus; tab.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554827

ABSTRACT

Trans-chalcone (TC) is a flavonoid precursor characterized by a wide spectrum of action, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, no validated methods are available in official compendia for the analysis of this substance. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop and validate a simple, fast, and reproducible spectrophotometric method for the analysis of TC in raw material, and in topical pharmaceutical formulation containing TC. The established conditions were: methanol as extracting solvent, and detection wavelength of 309 nm by UV spectrophotometer. All tests followed the rules of Resolution RDC 166, 2017. The proposed method was selective. Linearity was demonstrated in the concentration range of 1 to 8 µg/mL (r = 0.999). Repeatability and intermediate precision were confirmed by low relative standard deviation values of 1.53% and 2.70% for TC, and of 1.73% and 2.91% for formulation containing TC. Accuracy, evaluated through recovery test, was adequate, with minimum of 98.24% and maximum of 100.23% of recovery. It was observed that the small deliberate modifications done did not interfere with the results, demonstrating the method is robust. The results showed that the method was considered suitable for the intended purpose, inexpensive, easy to apply, selective, linear, precise, accurate, and robust for the determination TC, and pharmaceutical formulation containing TC. Thus, the method developed satisfies the need for an analytical method for the determination of TC, and topical formulation containing TC, being effective, innovative and able to aid in the development of the pharmaceutical field.


Trans-chalcona (TC) é um precursor de flavonoides caracterizado por um amplo espectro de ação, como efeitos anti-inflamatórios e antioxidantes. No entanto, não há método validado disponível em compêndio oficial para análise deste composto. Então, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um método espectrofotométrico, simples, rápido e reprodutível para análise de TC em matéria-prima, e em formulação farmacêutica tópica contendo TC. As condições estabelecidas foram: metanol como o solvente de extração, e detecção no comprimento de onda de 309 nm por espectrofotometria no UV. Todos os testes seguiram as normas da RDC 166, 2017. O método proposto foi seletivo. A linearidade foi demonstrada na faixa de concentração de 1 a 8 µg/mL (r = 0.999). A repetibilidade e a precisão intermediária foram confirmadas pelos valores baixos de desvio padrão relativo de 1,53% e 2,70% para a TC, e de 1,73% e 2,91% para a formulação contendo TC. A exatidão, avaliada por meio de testes de recuperação, foi adequada, com mínimo de 98,24% e máximo de 100,04% de recuperação. Observou-se que pequenas modificações no método não interferiram nos resultados, demonstrando que o método é robusto. Os resultados demonstraram que o método foi adequado para a finalidade pretendida, barato, de fácil aplicação, seletivo, linear, preciso, exato e robusto para determinação de TC, e de formulação contendo TC. Então o método desenvolvido satisfaz as necessidades de um método analítico para determinação de TC, e de formulação tópica contendo TC, e é eficaz, inovador e pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da área farmacêutica.

3.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam;58(3): 257-268, set. 2024. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1573636

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente trabajo fue realizado por el Grupo de Trabajo Gestión de Acreditación de la Confederación Latinoamericana de Bioquímica Clínica (COLABIOCLI) con el objetivo de conocer el estado de los Laboratorios Clínicos (LC) con respecto a la gestión de la calidad y el estatus de la acreditación ISO 15189 en Latinoamérica. La investigación fue de tipo observacional, transversal y descriptiva; se utilizó como herramienta la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario. Los resultados se expresaron en frecuencias simples y porcentajes y se analizaron por estadística descriptiva. En las 253 encuestas aceptadas participaron LC de 15 de 16 países integrantes de COLABIOCLI. El 80% de los LC tenían procedimientos de la fase preanalítica y posanalítica. Más del 85% contaba con registros de gestión de la calidad y participaban en programas de evaluación externa de la calidad (PEEC), principalmente en las disciplinas de química clínica (mayor del 80%) y hematología (mayor del 70%). El 7,51% estaban acreditados por ISO 15189 y 10,27% certificados por ISO 9001. La gestión de la calidad y los PEEC presentan un importante avance en los LC de Latinoamérica; sin embargo, es deseable que todas las partes interesadas armonicen intereses, para que este proceso sea introducido paulatinamente y como parte de las normativas y/o regulaciones obligatorias respectivas, lo que podrá contribuir a que más LC se acrediten en base a ISO 15189 en la región.


Abstract The present work was carried out by the Accreditation Management Working Group of the Latin American Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI) with the aim of knowing the status of Clinical Laboratories (LC, for its acronym in Spanish) with respect to quality management and the status of the ISO 15189 accreditation in Latin America. The research was observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive, using the survey as a tool and the questionnaire as an instrument. The results were expressed in simple frequencies and percentages and analysed by descriptive statistics. LCs from 15 of the 16 member countries of COLABIOCLI participated in the 253 surveys accepted. Eighty percent of LCs had pre-analytical and post-analytic procedures, and more than 85% had quality management records and participated in external quality assessment services (EQAS), mainly in the disciplines of clinical chemistry (greater than 80%) and hematology (greater than 70%); 7.51% were ISO 15189 accredited and 10.27% ISO 9001 certified. Although quality management and EQAS represent an important advance in LCs in Latin America, it is desirable that all stakeholders harmonise interests, so that this process is introduced gradually and as part of the respective mandatory standards and/or regulations, thus contributing to more LCs being accredited based on ISO 15189 in the region.


Resumo O presente trabalho foi realizado pelo Grupo de Trabalho de Gestão de Acreditação da Confederação Latino-Americana de Bioquímica Clínica (COLABIOCLI) com o objetivo de conhecer o status dos Laboratórios Clínicos (LC) com relação à gestão da qualidade e o status da acreditação ISO 15189 na América Latina. A pesquisa foi observacional, transversal e descritiva, utilizando a enquete como ferramenta e o questionário como instrumento. Os resultados foram expressos em frequências simples e porcentagens e analisados por estatística descritiva. LCs de 15 dos 16 países membros do COLABIOCLI participaram das 253 pesquisas aceitas; 80% dos LCs tinham procedimentos da fase pré-analítica e pós-analítica, e mais de 85% tinham registros de gestão da qualidade e participavam de programas de avaliação externa da qualidade (PEEC), principalmente nas disciplinas de química clínica (maior de 80%) e hematologia (maior de 70%); 7,51% estavam acreditados pela ISO 15189 e 10,27% certificados pela ISO 9001. Embora a gestão da qualidade e os PEECs apresentem um importante avanço nos LCs da América Latina, é desejável que todas as partes interessadas harmonizem interesses, para que esse processo seja introduzido gradualmente e como parte das respectivas normas e/ou regulações obrigatórias, o que poderá contribuir para que mais LCs sejam acreditados com base na ISO 15189 na região.

4.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 52(3): 4, July-Sept. 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576177

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) are preventable and potential fatal events, frequent in critical patient care. By mid-2018 an increase was noted in the incidence rate of CLABSI at a high complexity institution in Colombia, demanding immediate interventions to lower those numbers. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the continuous quality improvement methodology (CQI) to lower the incidence rate of CLABSI at a university hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: Longitudinal, prospective study implementing a multifaceted intervention in accordance with the CQI methodology. The project was developed at a high complexity university hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, between July 2018 and December 2019. A root cause analysis was consecutively conducted prioritizing contributing factors, gathering ideas for improvement, building a strategy and prioritizing the implementation plan. Results: The CQI methodology enabled the identification of areas susceptible of catheter insertion and management errors at the institution; additionally, it allowed for the prioritization of the areas requiring intervention through consecutive test cycles for improvement ideas. The reduction and sustainability of insertion-related CLABSI was accomplished three months after the start of the interventions, achieving a zero value. The implementation of improvement ideas aimed at reducing the events associated with catheter maintenance was also able to reduce the incidence to zero, until the end of the period of observation of the study. Conclusions: It is feasible to implement CQI in settings similar to the one herein described, in order to efficiently reduce CLABSIs.


Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a catéter (ITS/AC) son eventos prevenibles y potencialmente fatales, comunes en el contexto del cuidado de pacientes críticos. A mediados de 2018 se presentó un incremento en la tasa de incidencia de ITS/AC en una institución colombiana de alta complejidad, obligando a realizar intervenciones inmediatas para lograr una reducción de estas cifras. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del método de mejoramiento continuo de la calidad (MCC) para la reducción de la tasa de incidencia de ITS/AC en un hospital universitario en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, en el que se implementa una intervención multifacética siguiendo la metodología de MCC. El proyecto se desarrolló en un hospital universitario de alta de complejidad de Bogotá, Colombia, entre julio de 2018 y diciembre de 2019. Se realizaron consecutivamente un análisis de causa raíz, priorización de factores contribuyentes, recuperación de ideas de mejora, construcción de la estrategia y priorización del plan de implementación. Resultados: El método de MCC permitió la detección de zonas susceptibles de presentación de errores en la inserción de catéteres y su mantenimiento en la Institución, además permitió priorizar las áreas por intervenir mediante ciclos consecutivos de prueba para las ideas de mejora. Se logró la reducción y sostenibilidad de la ITS/AC asociada a inserción luego de tres meses de iniciar las intervenciones, logrando valores de cero. La implementación de ideas de mejora dirigidas a reducir los eventos relacionados con el mantenimiento de catéteres también logró reducirlos a cero hasta la terminación del periodo de observación de este estudio. Conclusiones: Es factible implementar MCC en contextos como el aquí presentado para reducir de manera eficiente las ITS/AC.

5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-234157

ABSTRACT

Background: For colorectal surgery, the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) group has conducted a thorough analysis of perioperative treatment. When combined, a series of operations known as colorectal resection result in a shorter duration of stay, fewer problems, and an early recovery of gut function. Until recently, it was considered typical to stay in the hospital for 10 to 14 days after a big bowel resection. This study aimed to study the effects of a multimodal perioperative care protocol in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer in a tertiary care hospital in eastern Rajasthan, India. Methods: This was prospective randomized-controlled trial. Patients who are undergoing elective colorectal cancer surgery in tertiary care hospital (Sawai Man Singh hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan) in year 2016 -17. Results: Hospital stays were 6.64�842 (median 6-9) and 8.25�52 (median 6-12) days (p=0.002) for 30 patients (n=14 in the multimodal group and 16 in the control group), respectively. Complication rates were 13.40% and 20.31% (p=0.019), 30-day readmission rates were 14.28% and 25% (p=0.029), and mortality rates were 7.14% and 12.5% in the multimodal and control groups. Conclusions: Complications, readmission rates, and death were all considerably lower in the multimodal group compared to the control group following the implementation of the multimodal perioperative treatment protocol during the hospital stay for colorectal cancer.

6.
Podium (Pinar Río) ; 19(2)ago. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564917

ABSTRACT

Las actividades que realiza el profesional de la enfermería les producen quebranto en la salud, siendo el estrés el primer factor que va a afectar el ritmo propio, ocasionando irritabilidad y ansiedad. La práctica físico-deportiva tiene un efecto positivo sobre su salud física y mental debido a que produce liberación de endorfinas, lo que conlleva una reducción de la ansiedad, la depresión y el estrés, ya que cualquier tipo de actividad física, ya sea de bajo o alto impacto, libera estas sustancias que actúan directamente sobre el cerebro, produciendo sensación de bienestar y relajación inmediata. Se presenta una investigación con un diseño no experimental, desde el enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo comparativo de corte transversal. Tiene como objetivo: determinar las relaciones entre actividad física y regulación emocional de un grupo de enfermeras (o) s del Hospital Sur en Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México. Se aplicó la Escala para Evaluación de la Inteligencia Emocional TMMS-24 y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ). Para determinar la relación entre las variables se empleó la Correlación del Rho de Spearman. Las dimensiones estudiadas son la atención, claridad y reparación emocional por parte de la variable dependiente (Control emocional) y las dimensiones Alta, Media y Baja por la variable independiente (Actividad física). En la comunidad donde se observaron los signos y síntomas de nerviosismo, agitación o tensión asociados a situaciones de ansiedad y estrés, se establecen correlaciones directas entre la intensidad de la actividad física y el control emocional de los sujetos investigados, o sea, a menor intensidad de la actividad física menor control y regulación emocional.


As atividades realizadas pelo profissional de enfermagem causam-lhe problemas de saúde, sendo o estresse o primeiro fator que afetará seu próprio ritmo, causando irritabilidade e ansiedade. A prática físico-esportiva tem um efeito positivo sobre sua saúde física e mental, pois produz uma liberação de endorfinas, o que leva a uma redução da ansiedade, da depressão e do estresse, pois qualquer tipo de atividade física, seja ela de baixo ou alto impacto, libera essas substâncias que atuam diretamente no cérebro, produzindo uma sensação de bem-estar e relaxamento imediato. A pesquisa é apresentada em um desenho não-experimental, a partir de uma abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, comparativa, transversal e de corte transversal. Seu objetivo é determinar a relação entre a atividade física e a regulação emocional em um grupo de enfermeiras do Hospital Sur em Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México. Foram aplicados o Emotional Intelligence Rating Scale TMMS-24 e o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A Correlação Rho de Spearman foi usada para determinar a relação entre as variáveis. As dimensões estudadas são Atenção, Clareza e Reparação Emocional para a variável dependente (Controle Emocional) e as dimensões Alta, Média e Baixa para a variável independente (Atividade Física). Na comunidade onde foram observados os sinais e sintomas de nervosismo, agitação ou tensão associados a situações de ansiedade e estresse, foram estabelecidas correlações diretas entre a intensidade da atividade física e o controle emocional dos sujeitos investigados, ou seja, quanto menor a intensidade da atividade física, menor o controle e a regulação emocional.


The activities carried out by the nursing professional produce them health problems, with stress being the first factor that will affect one's own rhythm, causing irritability and anxiety. Physical-sports practice has a positive effect on their physical and mental health because it produces the release of endorphins, which leads to a reduction in anxiety, depression and stress because any type of physical activity, whether low or high impact, releases these substances that act directly on the brain, producing a feeling of well-being and immediate relaxation. A research is presented with a non-experimental design, from the quantitative approach of a cross-sectional comparative descriptive type. Its objective is to determine the relationships between physical activity and emotional regulation of a group of nurses from the Sur Hospital in Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. The TMMS-24 Emotional Intelligence Assessment Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were applied. To determine the relationship between the variables, Spearman's Rho Correlation was used. The dimensions studied are attention, clarity and emotional repair by the dependent variable (Emotional Control) and the High, Medium and Low dimensions by the independent variable (Physical Activity). In the community where the signs and symptoms of nervousness, agitation or tension associated with situations of anxiety and stress were observed, direct correlations were established between the intensity of physical activity and the emotional control of the subjects studied, that is, at a lower intensity of physical activity, less control and emotional regulation.

7.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569240

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de las anomalías dentomaxilares (ADM) y necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia en escolares de 6 años en cinco comunas en Chile. Material y método: Estudio de corte transversal, observacional y descriptivo. La muestra fue de 1102 escolares. Se realizaron exámenes clínicos aplicando la Guía de Referencia Clínica a Ortodoncia para Servicios Públicos de Salud, para determinar la prevalencia de las ADM y necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia. El análisis estadístico utilizó el programa STATA®, considerando estadísticamente significativo p 0.05. Resultados: 1102 escolares de 6 años fueron examinados, 48,8% niñas y 51,2% niños. La prevalencia de niño/as con anomalías dentomaxilares fue 59.1%. Las tres más prevalentes fueron: apiñamiento dentario o rotaciones (21,6%), resalte aumentado (17,6%) y overbite aumentado (15,9%). La necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia encontrada fue de 34,7% con evidente necesidad y un 25,3% con leve necesidad. Conclusión: Se evidencia la necesidad de incluir en las políticas públicas de salud oral, estrategias de diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano de ADM por su alta prevalencia.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of dento-maxillary anomalies (DMA) and the orthodontic treatment need in 6-year-old schoolchildren in five areas of Chile. Material and method: Cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study. The sample consisted of 1102 6-year-old schoolchildren. Clinical examinations were carried out applying the Clinical Reference Guide for Orthodontics in Public Health Services, to determine the prevalence of DMA and the need for orthodontic treatment. Statistical analysis used the STATA® program, considering p ≤ 0.05 statistically significant. Results: 1102 6-year-old children were examined, 48.8% were girls and 51.2% boys. The prevalence of children with DMA was 59.1%. The three most prevalent were: dental crowding or rotations (21.6%), increased overjet (17.6%), and increased overbite (15.9%). The orthodontic treatment need was 34.7% of patients with great need and 25.3% with moderate need. Conclusion: The need to include early diagnosis and treatment strategies for DMA in public oral health policies is evident due to its high prevalence.

8.
Rev. salud pública Parag ; 14(2)ago. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1570044

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los brotes recurrentes de dengue subrayan la necesidad de abordajes más efectivos en la prevención y control de vectores. A menudo, las intervenciones se centran en un enfoque biomédico y de promoción de la salud desde un enfoque individual, sin integrar factores socioambientales ni ser evaluados científicamente Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la recolección de residuos domésticos de gran tamaño sobre potenciales criaderos de mosquitos transmisores del dengue en Asunción, Paraguay durante los años 2017 a 2021. Material y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, longitudinal, donde se encuestaron 350 hogares, como línea de base durante el 2017 y una línea de cierre en 108 hogares en 2021. Se utilizó el método de Diferencia en Diferencia (DID) para comparar la presencia de criaderos antes y después de la intervención en 43 hogares intervenidos y 65 no intervenidos. Resultados: La recolección diferenciada fue utilizada principalmente por aquellos hogares que tenían una gran cantidad de residuos sólidos de gran tamaño, pero no para deshacerse de todos estos objetos, sino sólo de una parte (DID de -52% en el número total de criaderos y DID de 1% en número de hogares con criaderos). Encontramos una reducción significativa en el número de total de criaderos de gran tamaño, pero no observamos diferencias en el número total de hogares con criaderos. Factores subjetivos, como la creencia de que los objetos en desuso podrían llegar a ser útiles en el futuro explicaban en gran medida su presencia en los hogares, incluso con el servicio disponible. Conclusiones: El enfoque de la gestión municipal en los residuos voluminosos puede contribuir a la prevención del dengue por el hecho de que no constituyen residuos de generación rápida en los hogares, y su eliminación puede tener un impacto relativamente duradero. El factor subjetivo relacionado con la presencia de estos criaderos en los hogares debe ser objeto de mayores estudios.


Introduction: Recurrent dengue outbreaks underscore the need for more effective approaches to vector prevention and control. Often, interventions focus on a biomedical and health promotion approach from an individual approach, without integrating socio-environmental factors or being scientifically evaluated. Objetive: To evaluate the impact of large household waste collection on potential breeding sites of dengue-transmitting mosquitoes in Asuncion, Paraguay during the years 2017 to 2021. Material and methods: Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study, where 350 households were surveyed, as a baseline during 2017 and a closing line in 108 households in 2021. The Difference-in-Difference (DID) method was used to compare the presence of breeding sites before and after the intervention in 43 intervened and 65 non-intervened households. Results: Differentiated collection was mainly used by those households that had a large amount of large solid waste, but not to dispose of all these objects, but only part of them (DID of -52% in the total number of breeding sites and DID of 1% in the number of households with breeding sites). We found a significant reduction in the total number of large breeding sites but did not observe differences in the total number of households with breeding sites. Subjective factors, such as the belief that disused objects could become useful in the future, were largely responsible for the reduction in the number of large breeding sites. Conclusions: The municipal management approach to bulky waste can contribute to dengue prevention because it does not constitute rapidly generated waste in households, and its disposal can have a relatively long-lasting impact. The subjective factors related to the presence of these breeding sites in households warrant further study.

9.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227992

ABSTRACT

Background: There are attendant socio-cultural challenges of social distancing in controlling COVID-19 in developing countries which must be overcome. The objectives of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice on social distancing, to determine the socio-cultural challenges and assess the coping mechanisms to the socio-cultural challenges of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control in Lagos state, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that assessed the socio-cultural challenges of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study population included adults ?18 years that have resided in Lagos state for more than six months. Respondents were recruited through the internet, using the social media platforms. A total of 500 responses were analysed. Quantitative analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 22. Results: Overall, about 98.2% of the participants had adequate knowledge of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control, 51% of the participants had positive attitude towards social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control, and about 98.2% of the participants practised social distancing. About a quarter (27.2%) saw social distancing as a violation of human right and 97% agreed that it affected education in schools. Internet-based communication, teleworking, financial compensation, support groups, health education and special attention to the vulnerable were indicated coping strategies. Conclusions: The findings showed significant socio-cultural challenges in implementing COVID-19 mitigating measures such as social distancing and recommended mass health education plus a good socio-economic support system will help promote the adoption of preventative guidelines.

10.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-234274

ABSTRACT

Modern day surgery is a highly sophisticated procedure incorporating both invasive and non-invasive techniques that are performed in the operation theatres. But we cannot ignore the fact that the infections are often acquired in hospital are surgical sites. The infection may transfer from patient to staff, staff to patients or patient to patient. Hence the aim of infection control practice is reducing the risk of infection from the surgical site. These practices include surgical scrubbing, disinfection of operating rooms, equipment and sterilization of instruments. Hand washing is done before and after dealing the patients, before surgical procedure with anti-septic solution or alcohol based sanitizer. The sanitizing techniques play an important role in avoiding infections and their spread in operating room. The knowledge of various techniques of disinfection and sterilization are more essential for staff members. These include but not limited to preparation of disinfectants and their concentration. For surgical instruments we use steam sterilizer (auto-clave) and ethylene oxide for endoscopic instruments. There is a need of training the surgical staff members to carry out these practices.

11.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-234206

ABSTRACT

Background: The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), a contagious, airborne infection that destroys body tissue. Pulmonary TB occurs when M. tuberculosis primarily attacks the lungs. However, it can spread from there to other organs. Pulmonary TB is curable with an early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment. Methods: The present study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya with total of 100 sputum positive TB cases. The analysis was done between January 2023 to June 2023. Results: The proportion of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and sputum positivity was highest in 20 to 40 years age group. The number of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis was three times more common in male compares to female. Conclusions: The highest burden of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and maximum sputum positivity rate was found in productive age group. The proportion of sputum positive PTB was more in male than female patients. All age group except in patient between 0-19 year抯 ratio between male and female were almost equal.

12.
Rev. Baiana Saúde Pública (Online) ; 48(2): 102-116, 20240726.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565985

ABSTRACT

Todos os procedimentos da indústria farmacêutica devem ser validados com a finalidade de garantir que os métodos demonstrem resultados confiáveis e aceitáveis pelo controle de qualidade. Assim, este estudo objetivou validar a eficácia de desinfetantes após diluição para uso em laboratório farmacêutico oficial. Foi elaborado o protocolo de validação e após sua aprovação foi iniciada a diluição dos desinfetantes para os tempos (T) 0, 7, 15 e 30 dias. Foram preparados os meios de cultura, realizada a promoção de crescimento dos microrganismos, preparada a suspensão microbiana e após a incubação foi realizada a diluição seriada de 10-1 a 10-10, o inóculo foi padronizado e a eficácia foi analisada. Os testes de eficácia foram realizados em triplicata, as colônias foram lidas nas placas e os dados planilhados eletronicamente. Do T0 ao T7, todos os microrganismos foram sensíveis aos desinfetantes, exceto Aspergillus brasiliensis, que reprovou três desinfetantes. A partir do T15, os microrganismos Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Bacillus subtilis apresentaram crescimento. No T30, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans continuaram sem crescimento. Foram aprovados cinco desinfetantes que inibiram o crescimento no período de até 7 dias, sendo definido o prazo de 7 dias como validade para os desinfetantes após diluição.


All procedures in the pharmaceutical industry must be validated to ensure that the methods show reliable and acceptable results according to quality control. This study aimed to validate the efficacy of disinfectants after dilution for use in official pharmaceutical laboratory. The validation protocol was elaborated and, after its approval, the dilution of the disinfectants for the times (T) 0, 7, 15, and 30 days was initiated. The culture media were prepared, the growth of the microorganisms was promoted, the microbial suspension was prepared, and after incubation the serial dilution of 10-1 to 10-10 was performed, the inoculum was standardized, and the efficacy was analyzed. Efficacy tests were performed in triplicates, the colonies were read on the plates, and the data were electronically arranged in spreadsheets. From T0 to T7, all microorganisms were sensitive to disinfectants, except for Aspergillus brasiliensis, which excluded three disinfectants. The microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis showed growth from T15 onward. At T30, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans continued to lack growth. The protocol of this study approved five disinfectants that inhibited growth in a period of up to 7 days and defined 7 days as the validity period for disinfectants after dilution.


Todos los procedimientos de la industria farmacéutica deben ser validados para garantizar que los métodos demuestren resultados confiables y aceptables por el control de calidad. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo validar la eficacia de los desinfectantes diluidos para su uso en laboratorio farmacéutico oficial. Para ello, se elaboró el protocolo de validación y, luego de su aprobación, se inició la dilución de los desinfectantes para los tiempos (T) 0, 7, 15 y 30 días. Se prepararon los medios de cultivo, se promovió el crecimiento de los microorganismos, se preparó la suspensión microbiana, y después de la incubación se realizó la dilución seriada de 10-1 a 10-10, se estandarizó el inóculo y se analizó la eficacia. Las pruebas de eficacia se realizaron por triplicado, las colonias se analizaron en las placas cuyos resultados se pusieron en hojas de cálculo en línea. De T0 a T7, todos los microorganismos fueron sensibles a los desinfectantes, excepto Aspergillus brasiliensis, que falló tres desinfectantes. A partir de T15, los microorganismos Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Bacillus subtilis mostraron crecimiento. En T30, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus y Candida albicans continuaron sin crecimiento. Se aprobaron cinco desinfectantes que inhibieron el crecimiento en un período de hasta 7 días, y se definió un período de 7 días como el período de validez de los desinfectantes después de la dilución.

13.
San Salvador; MINSAL; jul. 7, 2024. 88 p. ilus, tab..
Non-conventional in Spanish | BISSAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1562455

ABSTRACT

En los presentes lineamientos técnicos se describen cada una de las enfermedades definidas, los aspectos epidemiológicos, la respuesta de los servicios, apoyo del laboratorio, coordinaciones, flujo de la información, análisis de la misma, medidas de control a implementar, indicadores y la evaluación del sistema de vigilancia, así como toda la información referente a las vacunas específicas incluidas en el Esquema Nacional de Vacunación del Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud (SNIS), para que se constituya en la herramienta que apoye al personal de los servicios en la prevención y control de las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles


These technical guidelines describe each of the defined diseases, the epidemiological aspects, the response of the services, laboratory support, coordination, flow of information, analysis of the same, control measures to be implemented, indicators and evaluation. of the surveillance system, as well as all the information regarding the specific vaccines included in the National Vaccination Scheme of the National Integrated Health System (SNIS), so that it becomes the tool that supports service personnel in prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases


Subject(s)
El Salvador
14.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227975

ABSTRACT

The importance of dietary counselling in family practice for managing and preventing diabetes is the focal point of this review, highlighting its integral role in chronic disease management. With diabetes increasingly prevalent worldwide, there is a critical need for effective management strategies, with dietary interventions playing a key role. Family practitioners, often the initial point of contact for patients, have a unique opportunity to implement these dietary changes, which are pivotal in influencing diabetes outcomes and averting long-term complications. Despite facing challenges such as limited time and the need for specialized knowledge, dietary counselling in family practice stands as a proactive measure focused on prevention and early intervention. It adopts a patient-centered approach, where dietary habits and preferences are assessed, and personalized, evidence-based advice is provided. The inclusion of dietitians in primary care teams, utilization of technology for support, and advocacy for policy reforms are recommended to enhance the effectiveness of dietary counselling. Despite various obstacles, integrating dietary counselling into routine care remains a significant advantage, promoting healthier lifestyle choices and effectively managing the increasing burden of chronic diseases.

15.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-234039

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant global health burden, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent research has increasingly recognized the role of gut microbiota modulation in T2DM management, offering promising avenues for intervention. This systematic review synthesizes current literature investigating the impact of modulating gut microbiota on T2DM management. A comprehensive search of databases yielded studies examining various strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, dietary interventions, and facal microbiota transplantation. Analysis of these interventions revealed their potential to improve glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation markers in individuals with T2DM. Mechanistic insights elucidate how gut microbiota modulation influences metabolic pathways, immune function, and gut barrier integrity, thereby contributing to T2DM pathophysiology. Furthermore, studies highlight the interplay between gut microbiota composition and host factors such as diet, lifestyle, and genetics, underscoring the complexity of this relationship. Modulating gut microbiota presents a promising therapeutic approach in T2DM management, with potential benefits in glycemic control and metabolic health. However, further research is warranted to optimize intervention strategies, elucidate mechanistic pathways, and explore long-term effects. The aim of this review was to underscores the importance of considering gut microbiota modulation as a complementary approach in the multifaceted management of T2DM.

16.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);44(2): 144-154, ene.-jun. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1574081

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. Colombia alberga dos millones de indígenas, que viven en condiciones de pobreza y tienen deficiencias en salud, por lo cual están expuestos a contraer infecciones virales como la hepatitis B. El departamento del Amazonas presenta una gran prevalencia del virus y barreras para acceder a la vacunación; por esto, parte de la población es propensa a la infección. Objetivo. Identificar factores asociados con la infección por el virus de la hepatitis B en indígenas colombianos. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de casos y controles en mayores de 18 años de cuatro departamentos del país. Los casos se identificaron mediante el registro nacional de notificación de hepatitis B (2015-2022). Los controles seleccionados de manera concurrente fueron pareados con los casos por edad, sexo, etnia y departamento. En una encuesta se consignaron las características sociodemográficas, los factores asociados con el contacto con sangre y fluidos, las prácticas socioculturales y los antecedentes de vacunación. El proyecto fue aprobado por Comité de Ética de la Universidad de Antioquia. Resultados. Participaron 75 casos y 150 controles de 13 grupos étnicos. El departamento del Amazonas aportó el 49 % de los participantes (83 % mujeres) con una mediana de edad de 30 años (RIC = 27-37). Los factores asociados con una mayor probabilidad de contraer la infección fueron el antecedente de algún familiar infectado con el virus de la hepatitis B (OR ajustado = 2,61) (IC95%: 1,09-6,27) y número de embarazos en mujeres, (OR ajustado = 1,61) (IC95%: 1,02-2,54). La vacunación mostró un efecto protector sin asociación significativa. Conclusión. Los aspectos asociados con la convivencia familiar y el número de embarazos contribuyen a una potencial transmisión vertical y horizontal del virus. No se identificaron prácticas culturales asociadas. Se requieren estrategias novedosas y diferenciales para reducir la transmisión del virus de la hepatitis B en poblaciones indígenas.


Abstract Introduction. Colombia is home to 2 million indigenous people who live in conditions of poverty and with health deficiencies, making them vulnerable to contracting hepatitis B (HBV). Amazonas has a high virus prevalence, and there are barriers to accessing vaccination; thus, part of the population is susceptible to infection. Objective. To identify factors associated with HBV in Colombian indigenous people. Materials and Methods. A case-control study of people over 18 years from four departments of Colombia. Cases were identified through the national hepatitis B notification registry (2015-2022). Controls were selected and matched to cases (2:1) by age, sex, ethnicity, and department. Sociodemographic characteristics, factors associated with contact with body fluids, cultural practices, and vaccination history were identified by means of a survey. The ethics committee of the Universidad de Antioquia approved the project. Results. Seventy five cases and 150 controls from 13 ethnic groups were surveyed. Amazonas contributed 49% of participants, 83% were women, and the median age of cases was 30 years (IQ range: 27-37). The associated factors were a family history of hepatitis B [adjusted OR: 2.61 (95% CI: 1.09-6.27)] and, in women, the number of pregnancies [adjusted OR: 1.61 (95% CI 1.02- 2.54)]. The vaccination history showed a protective effect, but the association was not significant. Conclusion. Aspects associated with family life and unprotected sexual relations seem to be responsible for the potential transmission of the virus. It was not possible to identify associated cultural practices. Innovative and differential strategies are required for indigenous people to achieve a reduction of HBV.

17.
Entramado ; 20(1): 1-ene.-jun. 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1574825

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Esta investigación presenta una metodología para optimizar fuerzas de control en edificaciones, las cuales se encuentran sometidas a cargas sísmicas. Se desarrolló un sistema de control llamado CLF-MR_I, el cuál combina un algoritmo genético de clasificación no dominada NSGA-II y un sistema de control basado en lógica difusa. El controlador fue ensayado numéricamente en una edificación real de 96 m de altura, en la cual se instalaron 6 amortiguadores magnetoreológicos MR. La estructura fue sometida a 8 aceleraciones de sismo con diferentes rangos frecuenciales. Los parámetros de entrada para el sistema de control propuesto fueron los desplazamientos y las velocidades del primer piso de la edificación y como único parámetro de salida, se definió el voltaje de los dispositivos MR. La eficiencia del CLF-MR_1 fue comparada con un segundo controlador llamado CLF-MR_2, el cual funciona mediante un sistema de inferencia basado en parámetros lingüísticos. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el CLF-MR_1 mejora significativamente la respuesta dinámica de la edificación, en comparación con los resultados obtenidos con el CLF-MR_2 y con la condición no controlada de la edificación.


ABSTRACT This research presents a methodology to optimize control forces in buildings, which are subjected to seismic loads. A control system called CLF-MR_1 was developed, which combines a genetic algorithm of non-dominated classification NSGA-II and a control system based on fuzzy logic. The controller was numerically evaluated in a real 96 m high building, in which 6 MR magnetorheological dampers were installed. The structure was subjected to 8 earthquake accelerations with different frequency ranges. The input parameters for the proposed control system were the displacements and velocities of the first floor of the building and the only output parameter was the voltage of the MR devices. The efficiency of CLF-MR_1 was compared with a second controller called CLF-MR_2, which operates using an inference system based on linguistic parameters. Results obtained show that CLF-MR_1 significantly improves the dynamic response of the building, compared to the results obtained with CLF-MR_2 and the uncontrolled condition of the building.


RESUMO Esta pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia para otimizar as forças de controle em edifícios sujeitos a cargas sísmicas. Foi desenvolvido um sistema de controle denominado CLF-MR_1, que combina um algoritmo genético de classificação não dominada NSGA-II e um sistema de controle baseado em lógica difusa. O controlador foi testado numericamente em um edifício real de 96 m de altura, no qual foram instalados 6 amortecedores magnetorheológicos MR. A estrutura foi submetida a 8 acelerações de terremoto com diferentes faixas de frequência. Os parâmetros de entrada para o sistema de controle proposto foram os deslocamentos e as velocidades do primeiro andar do edifício, e a tensão dos dispositivos MR foi definida como o único parâmetro de saída. A eficiência do CLF-MR_1 foi comparada com um segundo controlador chamado CLF-MR_2, que opera usando um sistema de inferência baseado em parâmetros linguísticos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o CLF-MR_1 melhora significativamente a resposta dinâmica do edifício, em comparação com os resultados obtidos com o CLF-MR_2 e a condição não controlada do edifício.

18.
Hacia promoc. salud ; 29(1): 102-117, ene.-jun. 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1574953

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad de los chicles de nicotina frente al uso de cigarrillos electrónicos y mostrar si resultan más efectivos en la reducción del hábito tabáquico. Metodología: se incluyeron artículos en español, inglés y portugués disponibles en SciELO, Google Académico, EBSCO, Cochrane Library y LILACS, a través de ecuaciones construidas con MeSH y DeCS y operadores booleanos AND y OR (("Cigarrillos electrónicos" OR "e-Cigs" OR "Cigarros electrónicos") OR ("Chicle" OR "Goma de mascar de nicotina") AND ("Cesación de tabaquismo")), se clasificaron por nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación. Las consideraciones éticas se adoptaron conforme a la Resolución 8430 de 1993. Resultados: la búsqueda inicial arrojó 1.468 artículos, que se redujeron a 28 textos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se construyeron cinco temáticas en las que se incluyen comparación de métodos, formas de evaluación, rangos etarios, índices de adicción, patologías asociadas e índice de mortalidad, componentes y efectos fisiológicos del cigarrillo electrónico y convencional. Conclusiones: se evidencia que las cantidades de nicotina de los cigarrillos electrónicos producen efectos adversos irreversibles para la salud y pueden generar mayor dependencia.


Abstract Objective: Compare the effectiveness of nicotine gum versus the use of electronic cigarettes and show whether they are more effective in reducing smoking. Methodology: Articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese, available from SciELO, Google Academic, EBSCO, Cochrane Library and LILACS, were included through equations built with MeSH and DeCS and Boolean operators AND Dec's OR (("Electronic cigarettes" OR "E-Cigs" OR "Electronic Cigars") OR ("Chewing gum" OR "Nicotine chewing gum") AND ("Smoking cessation")). The articles were critically read, and classified by level of evidence and degree of recommendation. Ethical considerations were adopted in accordance with Resolution 8430 of 1993. Results: The initial search yielded 1,468 articles, which were reduced to 28 units that contributed to the stated objective. Five themes were built, which include a comparison of methods, evaluation forms, age ranges, addiction rates, associated pathologies and mortality rate, components and physiological effects of the conventional and electronic cigarette. Conclusions: It is evident that the amounts of nicotine of e-cigarettes produce irreversible adverse health effects and can lead to increased dependency.


Resumo Objetivo: Compare a eficácia da goma de mascar de nicotina versus o uso de cigarros eletrônicos e mostre se eles são mais eficazes na redução do tabagismo. Metodologia: Os artigos em espanhol, inglês e português, disponíveis na SciELO, no Google Acadêmico, na EBSCO, na Cochrane Library e na LILACS, foram incluídos por meio de equações construídas com os operadores MeSH e DeCS e booleanos AND e OR (("cigarros eletrônicos" OU "E-Cigs" ou "charutos eletrônicos") OR ("goma de mascar" ou "goma de mascar de nicotina") AND ("cessação do tabagism")). Os artigos foram lidos criticamente e classificados por nível de evidência e grau de recomendação. Considerações éticas foram adotadas de acordo com a Resolução 8430 de 1993. Resultados: A pesquisa inicial produziu 1.468 artigos, reduzidos a 28 unidades que contribuíram para o objetivo declarado. Foram construídos cinco temas que incluem a comparação de métodos, formas de avaliação, faixas etárias, taxas de dependência, patologias e taxa de mortalidade associadas, componentes e efeitos fisiológicos dos cigarros convencionais e eletrônicos. Conclusões: É evidente que as quantidades de nicotina dos Os cigarros eletrônicos produzem efeitos adversos irreversíveis à saúde e podem levar ao aumento da dependência.

19.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 27(1): e2361, ene.-jun. 2024. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576983

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Eleusine indica é uma planta daninha de difícil controle com herbicidas pós-emergentes devido ao curto intervalo entre a emergência e o perfilhamento, em que o controle é mais limitado. Ademais, o surgimento de biótipos resistentes motiva realizar trabalhos desta natureza para encontrar mais opções de controle químico. O objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar a eficiência de herbicidas pós-emergentes no controle do capim-pé-de-galinha em dois estádios fenológicos. O trabalho foi realizado em vasos a céu aberto num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com onze herbicidas aplicados em dois experimentos: um experimento na espécie com quatro folhas (pré-perfilhamento) e outro na planta com oito folhas (em perfilhamento). Foram atribuídas notas visuais de controle aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação, coletando a parte aérea da planta na última avaliação para obter a massa seca. Com esses dados foi realizada a análise de variância e a comparação de médias com o teste Tukey a um nível de significância de 0,05. Dos herbicidas testados, pyroxsulam, mesotrione y nicossulfuron controlaram menos do 80 % da população com quatro folhas. No perfilhamento, pyroxsulam, mesotrione, nicossulfuron y tembotrione mostraram controle menor ou igual a 65 %. Independentemente do estádio fenológico, clethodim, haloxifop, amônio-glufosinato, glyphosate, paraquat, indaziflam e ametrina foram efetivos, com mais de 88 % de controle da espécie.


ABSTRACT Eleusine indica is difficult to control with post-emergence herbicides due to the short interval between emergence and tillering, which control is more limited. Furthermore, the emergence of resistant biotypes motivates research on this type to find more options for chemical control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of post-emergence herbicides in the goosegrass control in two phenological stages. The work was carried out in pots in a completely randomized design with eleven herbicides applied in two experiments: one with plants of four leaves (pre-tillering) and another with plants of eight leaves (in tillering). Visual control notes were assigned at 7, 14, and 21 days after application, collecting the aerial part of the plant in the last evaluation to obtain the dry weight. With these data, variance analysis and means comparison were performed using Tukey's test at a significance level of 0,05. As a principal result, pyroxsulam, mesotrione, and nicosulfuron controlled less than 80 % of the four-leaf population. At tillering, pyroxsulam, mesotrione, nicosulfuron, and tembotrione showed less than or equal to 65 % of control. Regardless of phenological stage, clethodim, haloxyfop, glufosinate ammonium, glyphosate, paraquat, indaziflam, and ametrine were effective, with more than 88 % of control of the species.

20.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 27(1): e2474, ene.-jun. 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576986

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Sensory evaluation of food is a constantly evolving field, where recently developed analysis methods are on their way to be consolidated. Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) is a rapid method used to describe sensory characteristics of a product through a personalized selection of terms; however, the format in which these terms are presented is not standardized. This study aimed to assess the effect of the design of four CATA ballots for the analysis of strawberry drinkable yogurt. Fifteen descriptive terms were established with the participation of 97 consumers, with 6 terms relating to texture, 5 to taste, and 2 to both appearance and odor. The four ballot models: a) columns, b) vertical list, c) radial distribution, and d) random distribution, were applied to characterize the same commercial brand of yogurt using 150 consumers for each model. According to Cochran's Q test, significant differences were found for the pink color, acid/sour taste, strawberry odor, creaminess, viscosity, milk odor, and artificial flavor. Among the four ballot models, model C shows less variability in selecting terms. Furthermore, there were found differences among the yogurt samples for physicochemical properties (p-value<0.05) related to instrumental color, pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solids, except for consistency index. Finally, these findings highlight that the ballot design affects consumer responses associated with the visual perception process resulting from the design, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of yogurt derived from the technological process experienced during manufacturing and commercialization.


RESUMEN La evaluación sensorial de alimentos se encuentra en constante evolución, donde los métodos de análisis recientemente desarrollados buscan consolidarse. Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) es un método rápido empleado para describir características sensoriales de un producto mediante una selección personalizada de términos. Sin embargo, el formato en que éstos se presentan no está estandarizado. Este estudio evaluó el efecto del diseño de cuatro fichas CATA para el análisis de yogurt bebible de fresa. Se generaron 15 descriptores con la participación de 97 consumidores; de estos descriptores 6 se relacionaron con la textura, 5 con el sabor y 2 tanto con apariencia como con el olor. Se diseñaron 4 modelos de fichas: a) columnas, b) lista vertical, c) distribución radial y d) distribución aleatoria, que fueron aplicados para caracterizar una misma marca de yogurt comercial, empleando 150 consumidores por cada modelo. La prueba Q de Cochran evidenció diferencias significativas para el color rosado, ácido/agrio, olor a fresa, cremoso, viscoso, olor a leche, y sabor artificial. De las cuatro fichas propuestas, el modelo C mostró menor variabilidad en la selección de términos. Asimismo, los lotes de yogurt presentaron propiedades fisicoquímicas heterogéneas (p-valor<0.05) en relación con el color instrumental, pH, acidez titulable y sólidos solubles con excepción del índice de consistencia. Finalmente, estos hallazgos evidencian que el diseño de la ficha ejerce un efecto significativo en la respuesta de los consumidores asociado al proceso de percepción visual originado por el diseño, así como a características fisicoquímicas inherentes al producto como consecuencia del procesamiento tecnológico y comercialización.

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