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1.
Argentinian j. respiratory physical therapy ; 6(2): 4-21, mayo 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1573913

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la movilización activa temprana (MAT) en comparación con el cuidado habitual activo (CHA) en sujetos adultos críticamente enfermos respecto de la fuerza muscular y del estado funcional. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que compararon la MAT con el CHA en sujetos >18 años, de ambos sexos, en estado crítico durante o después del período de ventilación mecánica en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Cochrane, Medline/Pubmed, Embase (Elsevier), SciELO, LILACS/BVS, www.controlled-trials.com/, clinicaltrials.gov/ y www.who.int/ictrp/en/. Se analizó el riesgo de sesgo mediante la herramienta RoB 1. Se generó una síntesis cualitativa y cuantitativa (metaanálisis) de los resultados. Registro: OSF: https://bit.ly/430fF72. Resultados: Se incluyeron siete estudios, con un total de 1905 sujetos. La mayoría de los sujetos eran del sexo masculino (57 %) y tenían entre 54 y 66 años. Los desenlaces reportados mostraron baja certeza de evidencia, según la Clasificación de la valoración, desarrollo y evaluación de las recomendaciones (GRADE, por sus siglas en inglés). En el metaanálisis del estado funcional al alta hospitalaria, se observó un efecto a favor del grupo MAT, con una diferencia de medias estandarizada de 0,26 (IC 95 % 0,11 - 0,41) y baja heterogeneidad (I2 = 0 %). Conclusión: Con una baja certeza de evidencia, el efecto de la MAT en sujetos adultos críticamente enfermos en la UCI podría mejorar el estado funcional al alta hospitalaria en comparación con el CHA.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of early active mobilization (EAM) compared to active usual care (AUC) in critically ill adult subjects regarding muscle strength and functional status. Materials and methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis were conducted. Randomized clinical trials comparing EAM with AUC in subjects >18 years of age, of both sexes, in critical condition during or after the period of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) were included. The search was performed in the Cochrane, Medline/Pubmed, Embase (Elsevier), SciELO, LILACS/BVS, www.controlled-trials.com/, clinicaltrials.gov/, and www.who.int/ictrp/en/ databases. Bias risk was assessed using the RoB 1 tool. A qualitative and quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) of the results was generated. Registration: OSF: https://bit.ly/430fF72. Results: Seven studies were included in this review, comprising a total of 1905 subjects. The majority of subjects were male (57 %) and aged between 54 and 66 years. The reported outcomes showed low certainty of evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. In the meta-analysis of functional status at hospital discharge, a favorable effect was observed in the EAM group, with a standardized mean difference of 0.26 (95 % CI 0.11 - 0.41) and low heterogeneity (I2 = 0 %). Conclusion: With low certainty of evidence, the effect of EAM on critically ill adult subjects in the ICU may improve functional status at hospital discharge compared to AUC.

2.
Medwave ; 24(4): e2795, 30-05-2024.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1561793

ABSTRACT

Introducción La implementación del ABCDEF ha demostrado mejores resultados en los pacientes críticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar el cumplimiento del registro diario del ABCDEF en una unidad de cuidados intensivos chilena. Métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo de los registros clínicos electrónicos de profesionales de enfermería, kinesiología y medicina que trataron a pacientes mayores de 18 años, hospitalizados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos durante al menos 24 horas, con o sin requerimiento de ventilación mecánica. Se determinó el cumplimiento diario del considerando la presencia del registro en la ficha clínica de cada elemento: evaluación del dolor (elemento A), prueba de interrupción de la sedación (elemento B1) y ventilación espontánea (elemento B2), elección de la sedación (elemento C), evaluación del (elemento D), movilización temprana (elemento E) y empoderamiento de la familia (elemento F). Resultados Se obtuvieron 4165 elementos del registrados provenientes de enfermería (47%), kinesiología (44%) y medicina (7%), incluyendo 1134 días/paciente (133 pacientes). Los elementos E y C mostraron un cumplimiento del 67 y 40%, mientras que D, A, y B2 mostraron 24, 14 y 11%, respectivamente. Para B1 y F se obtuvo 0% de cumplimiento. El cumplimiento fue mayor en los pacientes sin ventilación mecánica para A y E, mientras que para D fue similar. Conclusiones La movilización temprana fue el elemento con mayor cumplimiento, mientras que las pruebas de interrupción de sedación y el empoderamiento de la familia tuvieron incumplimiento absoluto. Futuros estudios deberían explorar las razones que expliquen los diferentes grados de cumplimiento por elemento del en la práctica clínica.


Introduction Implementing the ABCDEF bundle has demonstrated improved outcomes in patients with critical illness. This study aims to describe the daily compliance of the ABCDEF bundle in a Chilean intensive care unit. Methods Retrospective observational study of electronic clinical records of nursing, physiotherapy, and medical professionals who cared for patients over 18 years of age, admitted to an intensive care unit for at least 24 hours, with or without mechanical ventilation. Daily bundle compliance was determined by considering the daily records for each element: Assess pain (element A), both spontaneous awakening trials (element B1) and spontaneous breathing trials (element B2), choice of sedation (element C), delirium assessment (element D), early mobilization (element E), and family engagement (element F). Results 4165 registered bundle elements were obtained from nursing (47%), physiotherapy (44%), and physicians (7%), including 1134 patient/days (from 133 patients). Elements E and C showed 67 and 40% compliance, while D, A, and B2 showed 24, 14 and 11%, respectively. For B1 and F, 0% compliance was achieved. Compliance was higher in patients without mechanical ventilation for A and E, while it was similar for D. Conclusions Early mobilization had the highest compliance, while spontaneous awakening trials and family engagement had absolute non-compliance. Future studies should explore the reasons for the different degrees of compliance per bundle element in clinical practice.

3.
Chongqing Medicine ; (36): 145-148, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1017454

ABSTRACT

Analgesia is an important link in the treatment of severe patients after neurosurgery and plays a vital role in improving the prognosis of the patients.Understanding the status quo and influencing fac-tors of pain in severe patients after neurosurgery helps to predict the occurrence of pain,which is crucial for determining the new pain assessment methods and auxiliary analgesic methods and developing novel analgesic drugs.This paper reviews the pain status,pain evaluation and analgesic methods of severe patients after neuro-surgery in recent years so as to understand the pain management current status of the patients with severe neurological conditions and provide reference for the medical staff to implement the analgesic programs.

4.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1020470

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the barrier factors in the implementation of advance care planning for critically ill and end-life patients in China. Provide reference for the implementation of advance care planning in critically ill and end-life patients in China.Methods:The literature from CNKI, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang database, VIP, PubMed and Web of Science database on the implementation of advance care planning for critically ill and end-life patients in China were searched. The search deadline was from database establishment to January 15, 2023. To analyze the literature meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:A total of 18 literatures were included, and the barrier factors to the implementation of advance care planning for critically ill and end-life patients in China included six categories (27 types): social and cultural factors (4 types), patient factors (4 types), family factors (5 types), medical staff factors (8 types), interpersonal interaction factors (4 types), policy and legal factors (2 types).Conclusions:The implementation of advance care planning for critically ill and end-life patients in China is affected by a variety of barrier factors. The improvement measures should be formulated according to the modifiable barrier factors to promote the implementation of advance medical care plan for critically ill and end-life patients in China.

5.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1020796

ABSTRACT

In the ICU,nutritional status is intimately related to the prognosis of critically ill patients and cannot be neglected;nonetheless,between 38%~78%of critically ill patients are malnourished.Individualized nutritional monitoring and therapy is recommended for critically ill patients to improve prognosis.Nutritional treatment includes enteral and parenteral nutrition.Enteral nutrition can be provided by prepyloric feeding through a nasogastric tube,which is simple and generally applicable,or by retropyloric feeding through a nasojejunal tube,which can reduce the risk of reflux aspiration.Parenteral feeding can be administered by creating peripheral venous access for convenient administration or central venous access for the delivery of nutritional solutions with high osmotic pressure.In addition to the patient's condition,the choice of nutrition route should take into account the initiation time,ability to meet nutritional needs,and potential feeding related complications.Current guidelines are not united,and previ-ous research has not fully addressed existing conflicts.In this paper,problems associated with each nutrition pathway are reviewed to provide a clinical reference.

6.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1022381

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of children with septic shock and analyze the drug resistance of blood culture positive bacteria.Methods:The clinical data,positive blood culture strains and drug sensitivity results of 127 children with septic shock admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine of Hunan Children's Hospital from September 2015 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 134 strains of bacteria or fungi were isolated from the blood culture samples of 127 children with septic shock,and gram-negative strains were the main ones,accounting for 67.16% (90/134).Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli were the main gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 38.81% (52/134) and 20.15% (27/134),respectively,while Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main gram-positive bacteria,accounting for 8.21% (11/134),and Candida albicans was the main fungus,accounting for 10.45% (14/134).The number of white blood cells,the levels of serum C-reactive protein,procalcitonin,venous blood sugar and arterial blood lactic acid in patients were all significantly higher than normal values,and the white blood cells count and neutrophil percentage in gram-positive bacterial infections were significantly higher than those with gram-negative bacterial infections and fungal infections( P<0.05).Procalcitonin increased most obviously when infected by gram-negative bacteria,and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05).Gram-positive strains were sensitive to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid,but only 50% of Streptococcus pneumoniae were sensitive to penicillin.Gram-negative strains had relatively high drug resistance,among which Klebsiella pneumoniae were only highly resistant to imipenem,cilastatin and levofloxacin,reaching 50%.Haemophilus influenzae was resistant to cephalosporins and β-amides enzyme antibiotic,and the drug sensitivity rate of lactamase antibiotics was high,with a resistance rate of 50% only to ampicillin,cefuroxime,amikacin,and compound sulfamethoxazole.There were not many fungal strains,and most antifungal drugs were effective against blood culture-positive fungi. Conclusion:The main pathogens of infection in children with septic shock are gram-negative bacteria,and have high resistance to general antibiotics.We should pay attention to their drug resistance when using antibiotics empirically.

7.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1025350

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the predictive value of lipoproteins on the progression of critically ill patients to chronic critical illness (CCI).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze clinical data of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022. The levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and apolipoproteins (ApoA-Ⅰ, ApoB) at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after admission to ICU were collected. The progression to CCI was recorded. CCI was defined as the length of ICU stay ≥14 days with sustained organ dysfunction [sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score ≥2]. Differences in lipoprotein levels between the patients with and without CCI were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for critically ill patients progressing to CCI. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of lipoproteins on critically ill patients progressing to CCI.Results:A total of 200 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. 137 patients (68.5%) progressed to CCI, and 63 patients (31.5%) did not. The lipoprotein indicators in the CCI group showed a decrease after the acute phase, while the lipoprotein indicators in the non-CCI group showed an increase. The levels of HDL, LDL, ApoA-Ⅰ, and ApoB at various time points in the CCI group were significantly lower than those in the non-CCI group. HDL at 7 days in the CCI group was significantly lower than that in the non-CCI group [mmol/L: 0.44 (0.31, 0.61) vs. 0.67 (0.49, 0.75), P < 0.01]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that 7-day HDL was an independent risk factor for critically ill patients progressing to CCI [odds ratio ( OR) = 0.033, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.004-0.282, P = 0.002]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 7-day HDL for predicting critically ill patients progressing to CCI was 0.702, with a 95% CI of 0.625-0.779, P < 0.001. When the optimal cut-off value was 0.59 mmol/L, the sensitivity was 69.8%, and the specificity was 72.4%. Conclusions:The low level of lipoproteins is closely related to the progression of critically ill patients, and 7-day HDL has a certain predictive value for critically ill patients progressing to CCI. Continuously observation of the change trend of lipoprotein level is helpful to judge the progression of CCI in critically ill patients.

8.
Chinese Critical Care Medicine ; (12): 231-236, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1025380

ABSTRACT

Trajectories refer to the motion paths followed by objects in space. Disease trajectories, which depict the evolution of disease processes over time, are significantly important for assessing diseases, formulating treatment strategies, and predicting prognosis. Critical illness is one of the leading causes of death. With advances in critical care medicine, there is increasing focus on the occurrence and development of critical illnesses. Understanding the development trajectory of critical illness is helpful to promote the early identification, intervention, and treatment of high-risk patients, avoid prolongation of the course of disease, reduce the risk of multiple organ failure, and provide important reference for the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies, thereby reducing the incidence and mortality of critical illness. In recent years, various trajectory modeling methods have been applied to the study of critical illness. These include, but are not limited to, latent growth curve modeling (LGCM), growth mixture modeling (GMM), group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM), latent transition analysis (LTA), and latent class analysis (LCA). The aim of this article is to review the definition of disease trajectories, the methods used in trajectory modeling, and their applications and future prospects in critical illness research.

9.
Crit. Care Sci ; 36: e20240265en, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557674

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT A significant portion of individuals who have experienced critical illness encounter new or exacerbated impairments in their physical, cognitive, or mental health, commonly referred to as postintensive care syndrome. Moreover, those who survive critical illness often face an increased risk of adverse consequences, including infections, major cardiovascular events, readmissions, and elevated mortality rates, during the months following hospitalization. These findings emphasize the critical necessity for effective prevention and management of long-term health deterioration in the critical care environment. Although conclusive evidence from well-designed randomized clinical trials is somewhat limited, potential interventions include strategies such as limiting sedation, early mobilization, maintaining family presence during the intensive care unit stay, implementing multicomponent transition programs (from intensive care unit to ward and from hospital to home), and offering specialized posthospital discharge follow-up. This review seeks to provide a concise summary of recent medical literature concerning long-term outcomes following critical illness and highlight potential approaches for preventing and addressing health decline in critical care survivors.


RESUMO Parcela significativa de indivíduos que enfrentaram doença crítica sofre de síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos, caracterizada por comprometimento novo ou exacerbado da função física, cognitiva ou de saúde mental. Além disso, os sobreviventes geralmente apresentam maior risco de consequências adversas, como infecção, eventos cardiovasculares maiores, reinternação e taxas de mortalidade elevadas, durante os meses após a hospitalização. Esses achados reforçam a necessidade urgente de prevenção e manejo eficazes da deterioração da saúde a longo prazo no ambiente de cuidados intensivos. Embora haja poucas evidências conclusivas de ensaios clínicos randomizados bem desenhados, potenciais intervenções incluem estratégias como limitação da sedação, mobilização precoce, presença da família durante a internação na unidade de terapia intensiva, implementação de programas de transição multidisciplinares (da unidade de terapia intensiva para a enfermaria e do hospital para o domicílio) e acompanhamento especializado após a alta hospitalar. Esta revisão objetiva fornecer um resumo conciso da literatura médica recente sobre os desfechos a longo prazo após doenças críticas e destacar potenciais abordagens para prevenir e abordar a deterioração da saúde de sobreviventes de cuidados intensivos.

10.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(4): 345-354, Oct.-Dec. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528481

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The optimal target for blood glucose concentration in critically ill patients is unclear. We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis with aggregated and individual patient data from randomized controlled trials, comparing intensive glucose control with liberal glucose control in critically ill adults. Data sources: MEDLINE®, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and clinical trials registries (World Health Organization, clinical trials.gov). The authors of eligible trials will be invited to provide individual patient data. Published trial-level data from eligible trials that are not at high risk of bias will be included in an aggregated data meta-analysis if individual patient data are not available. Methods: Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials that recruited adult patients, targeting a blood glucose of ≤ 120mg/dL (≤ 6.6mmol/L) compared to a higher blood glucose concentration target using intravenous insulin in both groups. Excluded studies: those with an upper limit blood glucose target in the intervention group of > 120mg/dL (> 6.6mmol/L), or where intensive glucose control was only performed in the intraoperative period, and those where loss to follow-up exceeded 10% by hospital discharge. Primary endpoint: In-hospital mortality during index hospital admission. Secondary endpoints: mortality and survival at other timepoints, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agents, and renal replacement therapy. A random effect Bayesian meta-analysis and hierarchical Bayesian models for individual patient data will be used. Discussion: This systematic review with aggregate and individual patient data will address the clinical question, 'what is the best blood glucose target for critically ill patients overall?' Protocol version 0.4 - 06/26/2023 PROSPERO registration: CRD42021278869


RESUMO Objetivo: Não está claro qual é a meta ideal de concentração de glicose no sangue em pacientes em estado grave. Realizaremos uma revisão sistemática e uma metanálise com dados agregados e de pacientes individuais de estudos controlados e randomizados, comparando o controle intensivo da glicose com o controle liberal da glicose em adultos em estado grave. Fontes de dados: MEDLINE®, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials e registros de ensaios clínicos (Organização Mundial da Saúde, clinical trials.gov). Os autores dos estudos qualificados serão convidados a fornecer dados individuais de pacientes. Os dados publicados em nível de ensaio qualificado que não apresentem alto risco de viés serão incluídos em uma metanálise de dados agregados se os dados individuais de pacientes não estiverem disponíveis. Métodos: Critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados que recrutaram pacientes adultos, com meta de glicemia ≤ 120mg/dL (≤ 6,6mmol/L) comparada a uma meta de concentração de glicemia mais alta com insulina intravenosa em ambos os grupos. Estudos excluídos: aqueles com meta de glicemia no limite superior no grupo de intervenção > 120mg/dL (> 6,6mmol/L), ou em que o controle intensivo de glicose foi realizado apenas no período intraoperatório, e aqueles em que a perda de seguimento excedeu 10% até a alta hospitalar. Desfecho primário: Mortalidade intra-hospitalar durante a admissão hospitalar. Desfechos secundários: Mortalidade e sobrevida em outros momentos, duração da ventilação mecânica invasiva, agentes vasoativos e terapia de substituição renal. Utilizaremos metanálise bayesiana de efeito randômico e modelos bayesianos hierárquicos para dados individuais de pacientes. Discussão: Essa revisão sistemática com dados agregados e de pacientes individuais abordará a questão clínica: Qual é a melhor meta de glicose no sangue de pacientes graves em geral? Protocolo versão 0.4 - 26/06/2023 Registro PROSPERO: CRD42021278869

11.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(4): 394-401, Oct.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528485

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the impact of delirium severity in critically ill COVID-19 patients and its association with outcomes. Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed in two tertiary intensive care units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. COVID-19 patients were evaluated daily during the first 7 days of intensive care unit stay using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and Confusion Method Assessment for Intensive Care Unit-7 (CAM-ICU-7). Delirium severity was correlated with outcomes and one-year mortality. Results: Among the 277 COVID-19 patients included, delirium occurred in 101 (36.5%) during the first 7 days of intensive care unit stay, and it was associated with a higher length of intensive care unit stay in days (IQR 13 [7 - 25] versus 6 [4 - 12]; p < 0.001), higher hospital mortality (25.74% versus 5.11%; p < 0.001) and additional higher one-year mortality (5.3% versus 0.6%, p < 0.001). Delirium was classified by CAM-ICU-7 in terms of severity, and higher scores were associated with higher in-hospital mortality (17.86% versus 34.38% versus 38.46%, 95%CI, p value < 0.001). Severe delirium was associated with a higher risk of progression to coma (OR 7.1; 95%CI 1.9 - 31.0; p = 0.005) and to mechanical ventilation (OR 11.09; 95%CI 2.8 - 58.5; p = 0.002) in the multivariate analysis, adjusted by severity and frailty. Conclusion: In patients admitted with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit, delirium was an independent risk factor for the worst prognosis, including mortality. The delirium severity assessed by the CAM-ICU-7 during the first week in the intensive care unit was associated with poor outcomes, including progression to coma and to mechanical ventilation.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar como a gravidade do delirium afeta pacientes graves com COVID-19 e sua associação com os desfechos. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado em duas unidades de terapia intensiva terciárias no Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Os pacientes com COVID-19 foram avaliados diariamente durante os primeiros 7 dias de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva usando a escala de agitação e sedação de Richmond, a Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) e a Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit-7 (CAM-ICU-7). A gravidade do delirium foi correlacionada com os desfechos e a mortalidade em 1 ano. Resultados: Entre os 277 pacientes com COVID-19 incluídos, o delirium ocorreu em 101 (36,5%) durante os primeiros 7 dias de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva e foi associado a maior tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva em dias (IQ: 13 [7 - 25] versus 6 [4 - 12]; p < 0,001), maior mortalidade hospitalar (25,74% versus 5,11%; p < 0,001) e maior mortalidade em 1 ano (5,3% versus 0,6%, p < 0,001). O delirium foi classificado pela CAM-ICU-7 em termos de gravidade, e escores maiores foram associados à maior mortalidade hospitalar (17,86% versus 34,38% versus 38,46%, IC95%, valor de p < 0,001). O delirium grave foi associado a um risco maior de progressão ao coma (RC de 7,1; IC95% 1,9 - 31,0; p = 0,005) e à ventilação mecânica (RC de 11,09; IC95% 2,8 - 58,5; p = 0,002) na análise multivariada, ajustada por gravidade e fragilidade Conclusão: Em pacientes internados com COVID-19 na unidade de terapia intensiva, o delirium foi fator de risco independente para o pior prognóstico, incluindo mortalidade. A gravidade do delirium avaliada pela CAM-ICU-7 durante a primeira semana na unidade de terapia intensiva foi associada a desfechos desfavoráveis, incluindo a progressão ao coma e à ventilação mecânica.

12.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);43(4): 438-446, dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533956

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos es una complicación frecuente de los pacientes con enfermedades críticas, que puede tener un impacto negativo en su pronóstico a corto y a largo plazo. Objetivos. Evaluar si la utilización de un protocolo multicomponente, que incluye movilidad activa temprana, manejo efectivo del dolor, reducción de la sedación, medidas no farmacológicas para prevenir el delirium, estimulación cognitiva y apoyo familiar, puede disminuir la incidencia de debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al momento del egreso del paciente. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un ensayo clínico, no aleatorizado, en dos unidades de cuidados intensivos mixtas de un hospital de tercer nivel. Los participantes fueron pacientes mayores de 14 años con ventilación mecánica invasiva por más de 48 horas. Se aplicó como intervención un protocolo multicomponente y como control se utilizó el cuidado usual o estándar. Resultados. Ingresaron 188 pacientes al estudio, 82 al grupo de intervención y 106 al grupo control. La tasa de debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al egreso de la unidad fue significativamente menor en el grupo de intervención (41,3 % versus 78,9 %, p<0,00001). La mediana del puntaje de movilidad al momento del alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue mayor en el grupo de intervención (3,5 versus 2, p<0,0138). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las medianas de días libres de respiración mecánica asistida, ni de unidad de cuidados intensivos al día 28, tampoco en la tasa de mortalidad general al egreso del hospital (18 versus 15 días, p<0,49; 18,2 % versus 27,3 %, p<0,167). Conclusiones. Un protocolo multicomponente que incluía movilidad activa temprana tuvo un impacto significativo en la reducción de la debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al egreso en comparación con el cuidado estándar.


Introduction. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness is a frequent complication that affects the prognosis of critical illness during hospital stay and after hospital discharge. Objectives. To determine if a multicomponent protocol of early active mobility involving adequate pain control, non-sedation, non-pharmacologic delirium prevention, cognitive stimulation, and family support, reduces intensive care unit-acquired weakness at the moment of discharge. Materials and methods. We carried out a non-randomized clinical trial in two mixed intensive care units in a high-complexity hospital, including patients over 14 years old with invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. We compared the intervention -the multicomponent protocol- during intensive care hospitalization versus the standard care. Results. We analyzed 82 patients in the intervention group and 106 in the control group. Muscle weakness acquired in the intensive care unit at the moment of discharge was less frequent in the intervention group (41.3% versus 78.9%, p<0.00001). The mobility score at intensive unit care discharge was better in the intervention group (median = 3.5 versus 2, p < 0.0138). There were no statistically significant differences in the invasive mechanical ventilation-free days at day 28 (18 versus 15 days, p<0.49), and neither in the mortality (18.2 versus 27.3%, p<0.167). Conclusion. A multi-component protocol of early active mobility significantly reduces intensive care unit-acquired muscle weakness at the moment of discharge.


Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units , Critical Illness , Delirium
13.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535403

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, the loss of inspiratory and peripheral muscle strength is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and failed weaning. Objective: To determine the relationship between handgrip strength and inspiratory muscle strength with the success of the Spontaneous Breathing Trial in adults with ventilatory support greater than 48 hours. Methodology: Prospective observational cross-sectional study performed at a tertiary hospital in Colombia. Handgrip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure were measured once a day before Spontaneous Breathing Trial testing. Pearson's test and Cohen's D test were used to analyze correlations. Results: A total of 51 patients were included, 57% male, with a mean age of 51.9±20 years. A positive correlation was identified between Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and grip strength; and a negative correlation between grip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure with the days of stay in the intensive care unit, (r -0.40; p<0.05) and (r -0.45; p<0.05). Conclusions: Handgrip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure were positively correlated with Spontaneous Breathing Trial success. The importance of these measures to guide ventilator disconnection processes is highlighted.


Introducción: En el paciente críticamente enfermo con ventilación mecánica, la pérdida de la fuerza de los músculos inspiratorios y periféricos se asocia con ventilación mecánica prolongada y destete fallido. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la fuerza de prensión manual y la fuerza de músculos inspiratorios con el éxito de la prueba de respiración espontánea en adultos con soporte ventilatorio mayor a 48 horas. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo observacional de corte transversal realizado en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia. La fuerza de prensión manual y la presión inspiratoria máxima se midieron una vez al día antes de la prueba de prueba de respiración espontánea. Se utilizaron la prueba de Pearson y la prueba D de Cohen para analizar las correlaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 51 pacientes, 57 % de sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 51,9 ± 20 años. Se identificó una correlación positiva entre Presión Inspiratoria Máxima y fuerza de la mano; y una correlación negativa entre la fuerza de la mano y la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima con los días de estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, (r -0,40; p < 0,05) y (r -0,45;p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La fuerza de prensión manual y la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima se correlacionaron positivamente con el éxito de la Prueba de Respiración Espontánea. Se destaca la importancia de estas mediciones para guiar procesos de desconexión del ventilador.

14.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227406

ABSTRACT

Any patient suffering from critical life-threatening illnesses in most cases require hospitalization, in the care unit (ICU) where they can receive essential life-sustaining treatments. This has created an impact including more than 50 million individuals world-wide. Although advancements, in technology and healthcare have increased survival rates many individuals who survive these illnesses experience long-term impairments known as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). PICS encompasses cognitive and emotional challenges that significantly affect patients' quality of life and ability to return to their normal routines. Caregivers may also face similar emotional hurdles, a condition referred to as PICS-family (PICS-F). The prevalence of PICS varies but can affect up to 50% of ICU survivors. Cognitive difficulties can be noticed in, around 70% of instances impacting abilities like memory, focus, and decision-making. These difficulties can lead to emotions such, as sadness worry, and a condition known as traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multiple factors, such as delirium, sedation, and pre-existing health conditions play a role, in the emergence and severity of PICS. Diagnosing PICS involves comprehensive assessments covering physical, cognitive, and emotional dimensions. Screening should ideally commence during the ICU stay and continue post-discharge. Assessment tools such as the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and emotional functioning screenings aid in identifying PICS. This manifests physically through muscle weakness and fatigue, impacting mobility and daily activities. Effectively managing ICUs requires the implementation of models and strategies that optimize resource utilization. However, these strategies may entail challenges such as data integration and stakeholder involvement. Preventing PICS involves proactive measures like reducing sedation, promoting early mobility, and offering rehabilitation services. Addressing PICS necessitates a proactive approach, comprehensive patient care, and collaboration among multidisciplinary teams. The successful implementation of these strategies depends on thorough evaluation and active engagement with all stakeholders involved in ICU management.

15.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(3): 256-265, July-Sept. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528466

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Critical illness is a major ongoing health care burden worldwide and is associated with high mortality rates. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have consistently shown benefits in cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in acute illness have not been properly investigated. Methods: DEFENDER is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, open-label trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in 500 adult participants with acute organ dysfunction who are hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Eligible participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive dapagliflozin 10mg plus standard of care for up to 14 days or standard of care alone. The primary outcome is a hierarchical composite of hospital mortality, initiation of kidney replacement therapy, and intensive care unit length of stay, up to 28 days. Safety will be strictly monitored throughout the study. Conclusion: DEFENDER is the first study designed to investigate the use of a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor in general intensive care unit patients with acute organ dysfunction. It will provide relevant information on the use of drugs of this promising class in critically ill patients. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT05558098


RESUMO Antecedentes: A doença crítica é um importante ônus permanente da assistência médica em todo o mundo e está associada a altas taxas de mortalidade. Os inibidores do cotransportador de sódio-glicose do tipo 2 têm demonstrado consistentemente benefícios nos desfechos cardiovasculares e renais. Os efeitos dos inibidores do cotransportador de sódio-glicose do tipo 2 em doenças agudas ainda não foram devidamente investigados. Métodos: O DEFENDER é um estudo de iniciativa do investigador, multicêntrico, randomizado, aberto, desenhado para avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da dapagliflozina em 500 participantes adultos com disfunção orgânica aguda hospitalizados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Os participantes aptos serão randomizados 1:1 para receber 10mg de dapagliflozina e o tratamento padrão por até 14 dias ou apenas o tratamento padrão. O desfecho primário é um composto hierárquico de mortalidade hospitalar, início de terapia renal substitutiva e tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva, até 28 dias. O monitoramento da segurança será rigoroso durante todo o estudo. Conclusão: O DEFENDER é o primeiro estudo desenvolvido para investigar o uso de um inibidor do cotransportador de sódio-glicose do tipo 2 em pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva geral com disfunção orgânica aguda. O estudo fornecerá informações relevantes sobre o uso de medicamentos dessa classe promissora em pacientes críticos. Registro ClincalTrials.gov: NCT05558098

16.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);83(3): 420-427, ago. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506696

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción : La efectividad de las terapias de reha bilitación física sobre los pacientes que requirieron ven tilación mecánica prolongada y egresaron de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) con debilidad neuromuscular post COVID-19 se conoce principalmente en el perio do agudo. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la recuperación funcional en personas con debilidad neuromuscular post UCI por COVID-19 admitidas a rehabilitación. Métodos : Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 42 pa cientes con debilidad neuromuscular post COVID-19, de dos centros de rehabilitación de tercer nivel, desde abril de 2020 hasta abril de 2022. Resultados : Encontramos diferencias estadísticamen te significativas entre las valoraciones funcionales de ingreso y alta. La Medida de Independencia Funcional (FIM) mejoró de 49 [41-57] a 107 [94-119] (p < 0.001). La escala de Berg de 4 [1-6] a 47 [36-54] (p < 0.001), el test de 6 minutos de 0 [0-0] a 254 [167-400] (p < 0.001), y el test de 10 metros de 0 [0-0] a 0.83 [0.4-1.2] (p < 0.001). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la puntuación total al ingreso y al alta de las evaluaciones funcionales con la edad y la complejidad respiratoria. Discusión : El tratamiento para la recuperación fun cional en un centro de tercer nivel y larga duración, sería beneficioso para personas con grave debilidad neuromuscular post UCI a causa del COVID-19, a pesar que el 43% no alcanzó el nivel de movilidad previo. La edad y la complejidad respiratoria son variables que no impactaron en la recuperación final.


Abstract Introduction : The effectiveness of physical rehabi litation therapies on patients who required prolonged mechanical ventilation and were discharged from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with post-COVID-19 neuro muscular weakness is known in the acute period. The objective of this study was to characterize the functional recovery in people hospitalized with post-ICU neuro muscular weakness due to COVID-19 admitted to rehab. Methods : Retrospective study which included 42 patients with post-COVID-19 neuromuscular weakness, who were admitted to two tertiary care rehabilitation centers, from April 2020 to April 2022. Results : We found statistically significant differen ces between the functional evaluations of admission and discharge. The Functional Independence Measure improved from 49 [41-57] a 107 [94-119] (p < 0.001). The Berg scale from 4 [1-6] a 47 [36-54] (p < 0.001), the 6-mi nute test from 0 [0-0] a 254 [167-400] (p < 0.001), and 421 the 10-meter test from 0 [0-0] a 0.83 [0.4-1.2] (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences bet ween the admission and discharge total score of the functional assessments with age and respiratory com plexity. Discussion : Treatment for functional recovery in a tertiary and long-term center is beneficial for people with severe post-ICU neuromuscular weakness due to COVID-19, even though 43% did not reach the previous level of mobility. Age and respiratory complexity are variables that did not impact the final recovery.

17.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 26(301): 9701-9711, jul.2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1451207

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Perceber quais as alterações que ocorreram na abordagem à pessoa em situação crítica no Serviço de Urgência e Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos após início da pandemia COVID-19. Método: A estratégia de pesquisa para a scopingreview foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline via PubMed, EBSCO Host, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, BVS e Scielo através da utilização de descritores MeSH e DeCS, artigos com fulltext gratuito, publicados em língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, com datas de publicação entre 2019 e 2021, implementados critérios de inclusão e exclusão.Resultados: Foram identificados 4 estudos elegíveis para análise, publicados em 2020, nenhum dos estudos em Português. Conclusão: As principais alterações estão relacionadas com a utilização de equipamento de proteção individual, colocando o enfoque na segurança dos profissionais de saúde.(AU)


Aim: To understand the changes that occurred in the approach to critically ill patients in the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The search strategy for the scoping review was conducted in Medline databases via PubMed, EBSCO Host, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, BVS and Scielo by using MeSH and DeCS descriptors, articles with free full text, published in Portuguese, English and Spanish language, with publication dates between 2019 and 2021, implemented inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Four eligible studies were identified for analysis, published in 2020, and none of the studies was in Portuguese. Conclusion: The main changes are related to the use of personal protective equipment, focusing on the safety of health professionals.(AU)


Objetivo: Conocer qué cambios se han producido en el abordaje a los pacientes críticos en el Servicio de Urgencia y enUnidades de Cuidados Intensivos tras el inicio de la pandemia COVID-19.Método: La estrategia de búsqueda para la revisión se realizó en las bases de datos Medline e PubMed, EBSCO Host, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, BVS y Scielo con el uso de descriptores MeSH y DeCS, artículos con libre acceso a texto completo, publicados en portugués, inglés y español, entre el 2019 y 2021, usando criterios de inclusión y exclusión.Resultados: Identificamos 4 estudios elegibles para el análisis, todos publicados en 2020, e ninguno en portugués.Conclusión: Los principales cambios están relacionados con el uso de equipamientos de protección personal, conel enfoque en la seguridad de los profesionales de salud.(AU)


Subject(s)
Ill-Housed Persons , Emergency Relief , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units , Persons
18.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-232854

ABSTRACT

Background: The thyroid gland produces two related hormones, tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) play a critical role in cell differentiation during development and maintain thermogenic and metabolic homeostasis in the adult. Critically ill patients have been defined as those that by dysfunction or failure of one or more organ system depend on survival from advanced instruments monitoring and therapy. The objective was to study the thyroid dysfunction in critically ill patients admitted in intensive care units and its relation to the mortality and severity of disease. Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out in Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha institute of medical sciences and research foundation, Chinoutpalli, Andhra Pradesh from 1st January 2022 to 30th September 2022 involving 100 patients. Patients of age above 18 years, both sexes, admitted to intensive care units with critical illness were analyzed and approved by institutional ethics committee of Dr. PSIMS and RF data were entered in MS-excel and analyzed in SPSS V22 software. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression, ROC curves were applied. P values were reported for all statistical tests and a value of<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Out of 100 critically ill patients out of which 17 patients had sepsis, 18 had acute renal failure, 19 patients had acute respiratory failure, 19 patients had diabetic ketoacidosis, 16 patients had congestive cardiac failure, and 11 patients had stroke and their correlation with t3 hormone decrement showed positive correlation. Conclusions: Thyroid profile can be used in predicting the mortality in ICU patients.

19.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(1): 84-96, Jan. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448071

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The number of patients with cancer requiring intensive care unit admission is increasing around the world. The improvement in the pathophysiological understanding of this group of patients, as well as the increasingly better and more targeted treatment options for their underlying disease, has led to a significant increase in their survival over the past three decades. Within the organizational concepts, it is necessary to know what adds value in the care of critical oncohematological patients. Practices in medicine that do not benefit patients and possibly cause harm are called low-value practices, while high-value practices are defined as high-quality care at relatively low cost. In this article, we discuss ten domains with high-value evidence in the care of cancer patients: (1) intensive care unit admission policies; (2) intensive care unit organization; (3) etiological investigation of hypoxemia; (4) management of acute respiratory failure; (5) management of febrile neutropenia; (6) urgent chemotherapy treatment in critically ill patients; (7) patient and family experience; (8) palliative care; (9) care of intensive care unit staff; and (10) long-term impact of critical disease on the cancer population. The disclosure of such policies is expected to have the potential to change health care standards. We understand that it is a lengthy process, and initiatives such as this paper are one of the first steps in raising awareness and beginning a discussion about high-value care in various health scenarios.


RESUMO O número de pacientes oncológicos com necessidade de internação em unidades de terapia intensiva está aumentando em todo o mundo. A maior compreensão fisiopatológica desse grupo de pacientes, bem como opções de tratamento cada vez melhores e mais direcionadas à doença subjacente, tem levado a um aumento significativo da sobrevida nas últimas três décadas. Dentro dos conceitos organizacionais é necessário saber o que agrega valor ao cuidado de pacientes onco-hematológicos graves. As práticas terapêuticas não benéficas aos pacientes e possivelmente causadoras de danos são chamadas práticas de baixo valor, enquanto as práticas de alto valor são definidas como cuidados de alta qualidade a um custo relativamente baixo. Neste artigo discutimos dez domínios com evidências de alto valor no cuidado de pacientes com câncer: (1) políticas de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva; (2) organização da unidade de terapia intensiva; (3) investigação etiológica da hipoxemia; (4) manejo da insuficiência respiratória aguda; (5) manejo da neutropenia febril; (6) tratamento quimioterápico de urgência em pacientes graves; (7) experiência do paciente e da família; (8) cuidados paliativos; (9) cuidados com a equipe da unidade de terapia intensiva; e (10) impacto a longo prazo da doença grave na população oncológica. Esperase que a divulgação dessas políticas traga mudanças aos padrões atuais do cuidado em saúde. Entendemos que é um processo longo, e iniciativas como o presente artigo são um dos primeiros passos para aumentar a conscientização e possibilitar discussão sobre cuidados de alto valor em vários cenários de saúde.

20.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(1): 73-83, Jan. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448074

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the perception of medical communication and needs of family members with loved ones in intensive care. Methods: The study was mainly qualitative and exploratory, with thematic analysis of comments made by 92 family members with loved ones in intensive care units when answering in-person interviews comprising the Quality of Communication Questionnaire (QoC) and open-ended questions about their need for additional help, the appropriateness of the place where they received information, and additional comments. Results: The participants' mean age was 46.8 years (SD = 11.8), and most of them were female, married and had incomplete or completed elementary education. The following themes were found: perception of characteristics of medical communication; feelings generated by communication; considerations about specific questions in the QoC; family members' needs; and strategies to overcome needs regarding communication. Characteristics that facilitated communication included attention and listening. Characteristics that made communication difficult included aspects of information sharing, such as inaccessible language; lack of clarity, objectivity, sincerity, and agreement among the team; limited time; and inadequate location. Feelings such as shame, helplessness, and sadness were cited when communication was inadequate. Family members' needs related to communication included more details about the loved one's diagnosis, prognosis, and health condition; participation in decisionmaking; and being asked about feelings, spirituality, dying and death. Others were related to longer visitation time, psychological support, social assistance, and better infrastructure. Conclusion: It is necessary to enhance medical communication and improve hospital infrastructure to improve the quality of care for family members.


RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a percepção da comunicação médica e das necessidades de familiares com entes queridos em terapia intensiva. Métodos: O estudo foi principalmente qualitativo e exploratório, com análise temática dos comentários feitos por 92 familiares com entes queridos em unidades de terapia intensiva ao responderem entrevistas presenciais, incluindo o Quality of Communication Questionnaire e perguntas abertas sobre sua necessidade de mais ajuda, a adequação do local onde recebiam informações e outros comentários. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi 46,8 anos (desviopadrão de 11,8), e a maioria deles era do sexo feminino, casada e tinha educação fundamental incompleta ou completa. Foram encontrados os seguintes temas: percepção das características da comunicação médica; sentimentos gerados pela comunicação; considerações sobre questões específicas do Quality of Communication Questionnaire; necessidades dos familiares; e estratégias para suprir as necessidades relativas à comunicação. As características que facilitaram a comunicação incluíram atenção e escuta. As características que dificultaram a comunicação incluíram aspectos de compartilhamento de informações, como linguagem inacessível; falta de clareza, objetividade, sinceridade e concordância entre a equipe; tempo limitado e localização inadequada. Sentimentos como vergonha, impotência e tristeza foram citados quando a comunicação era inadequada. As necessidades dos familiares relacionadas à comunicação incluíam mais detalhes do diagnóstico, do prognóstico e da condição de saúde do ente querido; participação na tomada de decisões e ser questionado sobre sentimentos, espiritualidade, morrer e morte. Outros estavam relacionados às visitas mais longas, ao apoio psicológico, à assistência social e à melhor infraestrutura. Conclusão: É necessário otimizar a comunicação médica e a infraestrutura hospitalar para melhorar a qualidade da assistência a familiares.

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