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Abstract The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the efficacy and efficiency of chemical-mechanical agents (CMA) versus rotary systems (RS) for the removal of dental caries (DC) in permanent molars. The search was carried out in five electronic databases (PubMed, Ebsco, Scopus, ScienceDirect, LILACS) and gray literature, complemented with a manual search in impact journals until July 2022 in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The efficacy of DC treatment was analyzed histologically, microbiologically, radiographically, or physicochemical-mechanically and efficiency was evaluated according to the shortest time for removal. Risk of bias was assessed with the RoB tool. Nine studies were included out of 914 publications that evaluated 337 molars with split design treated with low- or high-speed RS and CMA, such as Carisolv, Papacarie, Carie Care and Brix 3000. Significant differences were found among the studies (p<0.05), with Carisolv presenting a higher amount of residual caries, the presence of bacteria in dentin and less extent or volume of extracted caries, while Papacarie showed an absence of smear in dentin tubules and RS obtained higher microhardness values and required less time for removal. There was no difference between the two methods with respect to calcium- phosphorus titration or bond strength (p≥0.05). CMAs removed DC with less invasion to sound dentin tissues compared to RS, but reduced surface hardness and required a longer removal time.

Resumen Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como propósito comparar la eficacia y la eficiencia de los agentes químico-mecánicos (AQM) frente al sistema rotatorio (SR) para la remoción de caries dental (CD) en molares permanentes. La búsqueda se realizó en cinco bases de datos electrónica (PubMed, Ebsco, Scopus, ScienceDirect, LILACS) y literatura gris, complementada con búsqueda manual en revistas de impacto, hasta julio de 2022 en idioma inglés, español y portugués. La eficacia del tratamiento de CD se analizó de forma histológica, microbiológica, radiográfica o fisicoquímico-mecánicas y la eficiencia según el menor tiempo para la remoción. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó con la herramienta RoB. De 914 publicaciones, se incluyeron 9 estudios que evaluaron 337 molares con diseño partido tratados con SR de baja o alta velocidad y AQM, como Carisolv, Papacarie, Carie Care y Brix 3000. Más estudios demostraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) donde Carisolv tuvo mayor cantidad de caries residual, presencia de bacterias en dentina y menor extensión o volumen de caries eliminada, mientras que Papacarie mostró ausencia de barrillo dentinario en túbulos dentinarios y SR obtuvo mayores valores de microdureza y requirió menor tiempo para la remoción. No hubo diferencias entre ambos métodos respecto a valoración de calcio y fósforo o la resistencia a la unión (p≥0,05). Los AQM eliminaron la DC con menos invasión de los tejidos de dentina sanos en comparación con el RS, pero aminoraron la dureza de la superficie y requirieron un tiempo de eliminación más prolongado.

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Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, algunos hombres están a cargo de sus hijos bajo la figura de familias monoparentales. Por lo tanto, es importante conocer desde su rol, los factores que podrían influir en el cuidado de la salud bucal (SB) de los niños. Objetivo: Estimar la asociación entre conocimientos de SB con presencia de caries dental (CD) y su relación con el binomio padre-hijo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico transversal realizado en población afrodescendiente (153 binomios en el año 2017). Se evaluó en el padre (cuestionario autoadministrado): variables sociodemográficas, conocimientos y autopercepción de SB, y hábitos del niño; en binomios: presencia y experiencia de CD; además, la estimación de asociaciones y la regresión logística nominal fueron realizadas. Resultados: La prevalencia de CD fue del 60,1 % en niños y del 98 % en padres. En el modelo multivariado hubo asociación entre conocimientos inadecuados de SB, presencia y experiencia de CD, hábitos inadecuados de higiene bucal del niño, cepillado bucal sin supervisión, padres que trabajan, bajos ingresos y religión católica. Conclusión: La prevalencia de caries dental en niños, se asocia a conocimientos inadecuados en salud bucal y bajos ingresos económicos en padres que trabajan; factores que deben ser considerados en programas educativos de salud bucal.

Abstract Introduction: Currently, some men take care of their children in single-parent families. Therefore, it is important for them to know the factors that could affect the oral health (OH) of their children. Objective: To estimate the association between knowledge of OH and presence of dental caries (DC) and its relationship with the father-child dyad. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted on a black population (153 dyads) in 2017. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to father to assess: sociodemographic variables, OH's knowledge and self-perception, and child habits. Fathers and children were surveyed about presence and experience regarding DC. Finally, association estimation and nominal logistic regression were carried out. Results: The prevalence of DC was 60.1% and 98% in children and fathers, respectively. The multivariate model showed an association between OH insufficient knowledge, presence and experience of DC, inadequate oral hygiene habits of the child, unsupervised oral tooth brushing, working fathers, low income, and Catholic religion. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries in children is associated with inadequate knowledge in oral health and low income of working fathers. These factors should be taken into account in oral health educational programs.

Resumo Introdução: Atualmente, alguns homens cuidam dos filhos sob a figura de famílias monoparentais. Portanto, é importante conhecer, a partir da sua atuação, os fatores que podem influenciar os cuidados com a saúde bucal (CS) das crianças. Objetivo: Estimar a associação entre o conhecimento do CS com a presença de cárie dentária (CD) e sua relação com o binômio pais-filhos. Materiais e métodos: Estudo analítico transversal realizado na população afrodescendente (153 pares em 2017). O pai foi avaliado (questionário autoaplicável): Variáveis sociodemográficas, conhecimento e autopercepção do CS e hábitos da criança; nos binômios: presença e experiência de DC; Além disso, foram realizadas estimativas de associações e regressão logística nominal. Resultados: A prevalência de DC foi de 60,1 % nas crianças e 98 % nos pais. No modelo multivariado, houve associação entre conhecimento inadequado sobre CS, presença e experiência de DC, hábitos inadequados de higiene bucal da criança, escovação oral não supervisionada, pais que trabalham, baixa renda e religião católica. Conclusão: A prevalência de cárie dentária em crianças está associada ao conhecimento inadequado em saúde bucal e à baixa renda econômica em pais que trabalham; fatores que devem ser considerados em programas educacionais em saúde bucal.

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Background: Caries is a multifactorial disease that is influenced by oral hygiene practices and nowadays with advancing technology, this can also be aided by the use of oral health game applications. To assess the efficacy ofAim: various oral health game applications by evaluating the plaque index score of 5-8 years old children at a time interval of th th 14 days. Plaque index was calculated for 20 children at baseline, 7 day and 14 day. They were randomlyDesign: allocated into 4 groups, one control group and 3 different toothbrushing game app groups. Plaque index scoresResults: reduced in all the 4 groups but were not statistically significant. Group C showed the highest reduction in the Plauqe index scores. Toothbrushing and Oral health game applications have proven to be an interesting andConclusion: educational method to instill good oral hygiene habits in children.

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ABSTRACT The concept of quality of life (QoL) developed from early studies on subjective wellbeing and satisfaction with life, interpreted as resulting from living conditions, and recognized by means of objective indicators. Indicators have been developed and validated to measure the relationship between quality of life and health Aim: To determine, during an Educational Social Practice, the association between presence of dental caries lesions and its impact on quality of life of adolescents living in rural and urban areas in Argentina. Materials and Method This was an observational cross-sectional study in (a) a rural area (Tres Isletas; Chaco Province/Schools No. 601 and 477) and (b) an urban area (Villa Soldati; Buenos Aires City/Nuestra Sra. Fátima School). The sample included 40 students from the urban area (UG) and 30 from the rural area (RG). A calibrated researcher (Kappa 0.80) collected the survey data and performed the clinical examinations. The following were recorded: (a) sociodemographic distribution in terms of age and gender; (b) presence of dental biofilm according to Silness and Löe; caries lesions according to ICDAS II /INTCy criteria, and (d) DMFT, total and per component. Quality of life was assessed using the CPQ 11-14r. Statistical processing included calculation of frequency distribution of the variables (X± DS), and chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests to calculate association and comparisons between groups. Results The sample included 47 girls (67.1%) and 23 boys (32.9%). Distribution according to sex and age did not differ significantly between sites (UG:12.9 years ± 0.5 and RG:11.8 years ±1.1). No significant difference was found between sites for a) plaque biofilm (p=0.759); b) DMFT, total value and per component, or c) individual and grouped ICDAS scores. Percentage analysis of the CPQr 1-14 scores showed significant differences between groups for questionnaire total scores (26.9% ± 2.2 in UG and 4.1% ± 0.8 in RG) and for the different domains. Conclusion Perceived impact on quality of life caused by dental caries lesions was significantly higher in urban than the rural group, although neither the dental caries process nor the amount of biofilm differed significantly between groups.

RESUMEN El concepto de calidad de vida (CV) se desarrolló a partir de estudios tempranos sobre bienestar subjetivo y satisfacción con la vida3, interpretado como resultante de las condiciones de vida empleando para su reconocimiento. Para medir su relación con la salud se han desarrollado y validado indicadores. Objetivo Determinar la asociación entre presencia de lesiones de caries dental y el impacto que producen sobre la calidad de vida de adolescentes residentes en áreas rural y urbana República Argentina), en un caso de Practica Social Educativa. Materiales y Método Estudio observacional de corte transversal en (a) área rural (Tres Isletas; Provincia Chaco/escuelas N° 601 y N° 477) y (b) área urbana (Villa Soldati; CABA/ escuela Nuestra Sra. Fátima). La muestra incluyó 40 escolares residentes en área urbana (GU) y 30 residentes en área rural (GR). Un investigador calibrado (Kappa 0.80) realizó el relevamiento de datos y el examen clínico Se registraron (a) distribución sociodemográfica en términos de edad y género; (b) presencia de biofilm dental segùn Silness y Löe; lesiones de caries según criterios ICDAS II /INTCy (d) cálculo de CPOD total y por componente. La calidad de vida fue evaluada mediante cuestionario CPQ 11-14r. El procesamiento estadístico incluyó cálculo de distribución de frecuencias de las variables (X± DS) y las pruebas chi cuadrado y Mann- Whitney.para calcular asociacion y comparaciones. entre grupos. Resultados La muestra incluyó 47 mujeres (67,1%) y 23 hombres (32,9%). La distribución según sexo y edad no mostró diferencias significativas entre las sedes (GU:12,9 años ± 0,5 y GR:11,8 años ±1,1). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las sedes al comparar a) biofilm de placa (p=0,759); b) CPOD, valor total y por componentes y c) códigos de ICDAS individuales y agrupados. El análisis porcentual del índice CPQr 1-14 reveló diferencias significativas en el puntaje total (26,9% ± 2.2 en GU y 4,1% ± 0.8 en GR) y en los respectivos dominios del instrumento. Conclusión : La percepción del impacto sobre la calidad de vida generado por las lesiones de caries dental resultó significativamente mayor en los escolares urbanos que en los rurales, aunque ni el proceso de caries dental ni la cantidad de biofilm encontrados en cada grupo, revelaron diferencias significativas.

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Background: A child's poor health status is one of the factors contributing to low academic performance and high absenteeism. The school-going years are a formative time for both physical and mental development. Methods: A cross-sectional study of six months was carried out in twenty government primary schools (1000 samples) from Bhopal's urban and suburban districts were chosen at random to participate in the study. Data were imported into Microsoft Excel 2007; SPSS version 19 was used for analysis. Results: In this case study out of 1000, male students were 59.2%, and 40.8% were female. The majority of the students had a nuclear family in their house (62.2%), while only 14.8% were 3-generation families. The proportion of health issues was higher among female students (39.3%). Nutritional deficiency (29.5%) was followed by dental carries (28.1%) and refractive errors (23.4%). Other 64% of children had no health problems. Conclusion: Based on this study school-age children's health issues are influenced by a variety of factors, including diet, family history, religion, socioeconomic situation, and personal hygiene. Common morbidities include skin conditions, nutritional deficiencies, dental cavities, and refractive defects. Children continue to be undernourished despite schools having a regular midday meal program.

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Introduction: In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), dental caries and periodontitis are two common oral health issues. These patients have weakened immune systems and often experience reduced salivary flow. When the immune system is compromised, normally harmless oral bacteria can become harmful, leading to infection and damage in the mouth. The aim was to measure the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in chronic renal failure patients and its relationship with salivary pH. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in Department of oral pathology, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore. 60 patients of chronic renal failure (CRF) were divided into 3 groups, Group A (n=17) patients of who had clinically healthy gingiva, Group B (n=23) patients who had generalized chronic gingivitis and Group C (n=28) patients who had generalized chronic periodontitis. Periodontal parameters; decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT) index, gingival index, plaque index and salivary pH were recorded. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected according to Navazesh’s method. The pH of saliva was measured by single electrode digital pH meter. Results: The prevalence of DMFT, Plaque Index and Gingival index was high in chronic generalized periodontitis in comparison with chronic generalized gingivitis and clinically healthy gingiva. The pH in cases of generalized chronic gingivitis was more alkaline in comparison with generalized chronic periodontitis. The periodontal depth pocket and clinical attachment loss, there was statistically difference seen in chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic generalized gingivitis (p<0.05). Conclusion: The higher prevalence of caries and periodontitis seen in CRF patients is attributed to the low pH of the saliva, which could be due to the interspecies interaction in the microbial biofilm. Thus salivary pH may significant diagnostic biomarker in periodontal disease.

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Introduction: Dental caries and periodontal diseases are significant public health concerns worldwide. While developed nations have seen a decline in these diseases due to effective prevention programs, in areas like Dagestan, Russia, high dental morbidity persists due to diverse climatogeographical conditions and socio-economic challenges. Aim: This study aims to explore the prevalence of dental diseases among students in Dagestan and to devise a comprehensive set of preventive measures against dental caries. Materials and Methods: The research involved examining 235 students aged 17 to 21 from Dagestan State Medical University. These students were categorized based on the World Health Organization's age group recommendations. Dental examinations were conducted at the university's clinics, focusing on carious, filled, and extracted teeth. The study also assessed oral hygiene using the Fedorov and Volodkina hygienic index and employed vital staining for diagnosing initial caries. Results: The prevalence of dental caries was found to be 76.35±3.16%, with an intensity of 3.6±0.005. Other notable findings included enamel hypoplasia, dentofacial anomalies, and various periodontal diseases. A significant correlation was observed between the prevalence and intensity of caries and the age of students, with differences noted in comparison to other regions like Irkutsk. The study highlighted a gap in oral hygiene practices and knowledge among students. Conclusion: The study concludes that significant improvements in dental health, particularly in reducing caries, can be achieved through regular sanitary education, professional and individual oral hygiene. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive, multifaceted intervention strategies tailored to the unique environmental and socio-economic context of Dagestan.

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Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a subclass of flavonoids that are widely distributed in different plant sources and have attracted interest due to their potential health advantages, especially in maintaining dental health. The purpose of this review is to better understand the properties and applications of proanthocyanidins in maintaining dental health. Proanthocyanidins have excellent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities that are vital for preventing oral illnesses such oral cancer, periodontal disorders, and dental caries. Furthermore, PAs have demonstrated efficacy in augmenting salivary flow, and encouraging tooth enamel remineralization. Moreover, proanthocyanidins are low in toxicity and have good biocompatibility, which makes them good choices for adding to a variety of mouthwash, toothpaste, and dental materials. Their minimal side effects and natural source make them even more desirable for use in oral health interventions. However, Further research is needed to fully investigate their therapeutic potential and optimize their use in preventive and treatment methods for oral diseases.

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Background: General health and oral health are interconnected, with oral health being a fundamental component. It is critical for life long human well-being. Oral health issues pose a significant concern for public health. Medical students should also have better knowledge of oral hygiene so that they can provide oral health education and guidance to their patients when requested. Many people seek medical care from their primary care provider for oral health problems. Therefore, doctors must have sufficient knowledge about oral health and play an important role in promoting oral health. This study aimed to assess the oral health knowledge of medical graduates from private and government colleges in Nellore, India. Methods: A Cross-sectional study using a pre-designed survey consisting of 25 questions with Likert scale options. The study included medical graduates from all private and government colleges. Questions about oral health issues and their relationship to overall health. Data was collected, compiled, and analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: Compared to government medical college students, 83.8% of private college students believe that dental caries and periodontal diseases are plaque-mediated diseases. 90.3% of government medical college students agree with the statement "tobacco is only the risk factor for oral cancer" compared to private college students. Conclusions: Medical students lack awareness of oral health issues. Frequently, oral health concerns are neglected as they focus on classroom dynamics and students’ behavior.

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Aims: To identify trends and growth in knowledge related to Resin Infiltrants, through a bibliometric review. Study Design: Bibliometric review. Methodology: A search was carried out in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science database, using the terms (infiltrative resin OR resin infiltration) AND (white spot lesions OR white spots OR WSL OR Enamel demineralization OR orthodon* OR defect* OR hypoplas* OR discolor * OR dental fluorosis OR tooth demineralization OR calcification, tooth OR tooth discoloration OR dental enamel). Paired selection of manuscripts was carried out. The initial search identified 599 articles. After comparing titles and abstracts, the 50 most cited manuscripts involving Resinous Infiltrants were listed in order of classification. Results: The most cited article in the top 50 was Frencken et al. in [1]. The earliest manuscript of this bibliometric analysis was published in 2001 by Robinson et al. in Caries Research and was cited 72 times, while two articles were the most recent, published in 2019 by Urquhart et al. in the Journal of Dental Research, it was cited 112 times and by Coelho Ased et al. in the Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, cited 35 times. The citation distribution line shows high peaks in 2010 and 2012. The institutions that stood out the most were Charité Universitat Medizin Berlin, followed by Universitat zu Kiel. The main country was Germany. Among the main journals are the Journal of Dentistry and the publisher Elsevier. In total, 274 keywords were used. The period of 2010 was the period with the greatest concentration of publications and the most productive. Conclusion: The bibliometric review carried out in this study revealed the growing interest and research around the use of Resinous Infiltrants as an effective and minimally invasive alternative to address white spot lesions and tooth decay.

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Background: Chemotherapy, a cornerstone treatment for childhood cancers, can negatively impact oral health. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and evolution of oral complications in these patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study enrolled 44 children diagnosed with malignancy undergoing chemotherapy at a tertiary care institute in central India. Oral examinations were performed at baseline, with follow-ups at 3–6 and 9–12 months. Data collected included demographics, medical history, oral hygiene practices, and oral lesions. Blood counts and World Health Organization grading for mucositis were used. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests analyzed the data (P ? 0.05). Results: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent malignancy. Children reported various oral complaints such as ulcers, bleeding gums, and difficulty eating. Mucositis prevalence significantly decreased over follow-up visits (baseline: 56.8% and second follow-up: 13.3%). Gingival inflammation was present, though mean scores decreased over time. Oral hygiene scores varied without significant changes. Caries experience scores increased from baseline to follow-up. Conclusion: This study identified a high prevalence of ALL and diverse oral complications in children undergoing chemotherapy. While mucositis severity lessened over time, other issues such as caries persisted. These findings highlight the critical need for preventive oral care strategies to safeguard this vulnerable population’s oral health.

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SUMMARY: CariesCare International ™ practical guide is a tool for the comprehensive assessment and treatment of caries that synthesizes clinical and radiographic diagnosis and risk factors, classifying the severity, progression, and activity of lesions. The objective of this study was to analyze the validity and prediction characteristics of the proposed dental caries classification in the CariesCare International ™ practical guide as a reference through clinical and radiographic evaluation versus histological evaluation. Ninety-seven permanent posterior teeth were evaluated, and clinical and radiographic diagnoses were determined according to parameters defined in the CariesCare International™ guide as a reference. Subsequently, histological evaluation was performed to compare each stage of dental caries progression, and statistical analysis was applied. When comparing the validity and prediction values between radiographic and clinical diagnoses in relation to histological evaluation, a low sensitivity and high specificity relationship was found. The sensitivity and specificity percentages between the clinical and radiographic methods show that the clinical method has a lower number of false negatives. Histological changes in dental tissue were evident from the earliest stages of lesions, even in those not related to the caries process, indicating that the dentist should be careful when deciding on a treatment plan and take into account all variables involved in the caries process, as proposed by the CariesCare International ™ guide.

La guía práctica CariesCare International™ es una herramienta para la evaluación y tratamiento integral de la caries que sintetiza el diagnóstico clínico y radiográfico y los factores de riesgo, clasificando la gravedad, progresión y actividad de las lesiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la validez y características de predicción de la clasificación de caries dental propuesta en la guía práctica CariesCare International™ como referencia a través de la evaluación clínica y radiográfica versus la evaluación histológica. Se evaluaron noventa y siete dientes posteriores permanentes y se determinaron diagnósticos clínicos y radiográficos según parámetros definidos en la guía CariesCare International™ como referencia. Posteriormente se realizó una evaluación histológica para comparar cada etapa de progresión de la caries dental y se aplicó análisis estadístico. Al comparar los valores de validez y predicción entre los diagnósticos radiológicos y clínicos en relación con la evaluación histológica, se encontró una relación de baja sensibilidad y alta especificidad. Los porcentajes de sensibilidad y especificidad entre el método clínico y radiográfico muestran que el método clínico tiene un menor número de falsos negativos. Los cambios histológicos en el tejido dental fueron evidentes desde las primeras etapas de las lesiones, incluso en aquellas no relacionadas con el proceso de caries, lo que indica que el odontólogo debe tener cuidado al decidir un plan de tratamiento y tener en cuenta todas las variables involucradas en el proceso de caries, tal como propone la guía CariesCare International™.

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Introduction: Pediatric liquid medications (PLM) are frequently administered to children, yet their usage may contribute to the onset of dental caries. Despite its prevalence, there is a notable scarcity of scientific research regarding caregivers' knowledge of this potential cariogenic risk. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge of the main caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 years concerning the cariogenic potential associated with the use of PLM. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical obser-vational study involving 152 primary caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 was conducted. Data were collected on caregivers' perceptions of the cariogenic risk associated with PLMs and their consumption habits. The study also assessed oral hygiene routines and evaluated the level of information provided by healthcare professionals. Results: Research findings indicated a significant lack of awa-reness among primary caregivers regarding the cariogenic risks of PLMs, with 78.95% being unaware of these risks and 47.37% unaware of the sugars present in such medications. Additionally, a high rate of PLM consumption was observed, with 63% of caregivers using them in the last year. The study underscored a notable absence of guidance from healthcare professionals, as 91.45% of the caregivers stated that they had not received instructions on tooth brushing after the administration of the PLM. Conclusions: The study highlights a significant lack of awa-reness among primary caregivers regarding the cariogenic risks associated with the ingestion of pediatric liquid medications. This deficit in information and preventive measures presents a substantial obstacle to children's oral health. To address this issue, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to offer comprehensive guidance and promote preventive measures.

Introducción: La administración de medicamentos líquidos pediátricos (MLP) es una práctica común en la población infantil y puede estar vinculada al desarrollo de lesiones de caries dental. Sin embargo, la evidencia científica que aborda el conocimiento de los cuidadores acerca de este riesgo cariogénico es escasa. Objetivo: Este estudio busca determinar el conocimiento de los cuidadores principales de niños de 5 a 12 años sobre el potencial cariogénico asociado al consumo de MLP. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional analítico transversal que incluyó a 152 cuidadores principales de niños en el rango de edad de 5 a 12 años. Se recopiló información sobre la percepción de los cuidadores acerca del riesgo cariogénico de los MLP, así como sobre sus patrones de consumo. Además, se registraron las prácticas de higiene oral y se evaluó el nivel de información proporcionado por los profesionales de la salud. Resultado: Los hallazgos de la investigación revelaron que un 78,95% de los cuidadores principales desconocen el riesgo cariogénico asociado al consumo de medicamentos líquidos pediátricos (MLP), y un 47,37% de ellos no eran conscientes de la presencia de azúcares en dichos medicamentos. Además, se observó un elevado índice de consumo de MLP, con un 63% de los cuidadores que los utilizaron en el último año. Se destacó la falta de orientaciones por parte de los profesionales de la salud, ya que, un 91,45% de los tutores afirmaron no haber recibido instrucciones sobre el cepillado dental posterior a la administración de los MLP. Conclusión: Este estudio evidencia un relevante porcentaje de desconocimiento entre los cuidadores principales acerca del riesgo cariogénico asociado a la ingesta de medicamentos líquidos pediátricos. La falta de información y medidas preventivas constituye un desafío significativo para la salud oral de los niños. Es imperativo que los profesionales de la salud proporcionen información detallada y fomenten prácticas de prevención.

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Introduction: Early childhood caries is still very prevalent, mainly in developing countries, and it is related to the quality of life of children due to early tooth loss. Objective: The study objective was to determine the association between dental caries and its clinical consequences on nutritional status in children of the "Vaso de Leche (Glass of Milk)'' social program, in Puno City, Peru, during the year 2020. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study; the sample consisted of 740 children between 1 and 5 years old who met the selection criteria; the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries were evaluated using the PUFA index and the prevalence of caries with def-t; the nutritional status was determined by the weight and height of the child according to protocols (NTS No. 357 - MINSA /2017/ DGIESP); the data were analyzed with the SPSS-v25 program, the association between variables was evaluated with the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's Rho test, considering significance at a p-value <0.05. Results: No significant relationship was found when dental caries was evaluated with the nutritional condition (p<0.05). However, when the def-t index values were related to the nutritional condition of the children, a significant difference was found (p<0.05). There was no significant difference with the PUFA index (p>0.05). Conclusions: There is no association between early childhood caries and nutritional status in children aged between 3 and 5 years; however, a significant relationship was found between the values of the def-t index and the nutritional status of the children.

Introducción: La caries infantil temprana sigue siendo muy prevalente, principalmente en los países en desarrollo, y está relacionada con la calidad de vida de los niños debido a la pérdida temprana de dientes Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la caries dental y sus consecuencias clínicas sobre el estado nutricional en niños del programa social "Vaso de Leche", en la ciudad de Puno, Perú, durante el año 2020. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, estudio descriptivo-correlacional, transversal; la muestra estuvo conformada por 740 niños entre 1 y 5 años que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, se evaluaron las consecuencias clínicas de la caries dental no tratada mediante el índice PUFA y la prevalencia de caries con d-t; el estado nutricional se determinó mediante el peso y talla del niño según protocolos (NTS N°357 MINSA/2017/DGIESP; los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS-v25, la asociación entre variables se evaluó con el chi); -cuadrado, U de Mann-Whitney y Rho de Spearman, considerando significancia a un valor de p<0,05. Resultado: No se encontró relación significativa cuando se evaluó la caries dental con la condición nutricional (p<0,05). Sin embargo, cuando los valores del índice d-t se relacionaron con la condición nutricional de los niños, se encontró una diferencia significativa (p<0,05). No hubo diferencia significativa con el índice PUFA (p>0,05). Conclusión: No existe asociación entre caries de la primera infancia y el estado nutricional en niños de 3 a 5 años; sin embargo, se encontró una relación significativa entre los valores del índice d-t y el estado nutricional de los niños.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho do estudante de Odontologia no diagnóstico radiográfico de cáries proximais. Sessenta e oito estudantes de Odontologia passaram pelas etapas de treinamento teórico e prático para o diagnóstico radiográfico de cárie. O material foi constituído de exames radiográficos convencionais e digitalizados de 40 dentes humanos, sendo 20 pré-molares e 20 molares com alterações clínicas não tratadas em uma das superfícies proximais. Para avaliar a semelhança entre as referências de escores de diagnóstico radiográfico da cárie e a avaliação histológica foi aplicado o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse, que mediu a assertividade entre os escores dos estudantes e o verdadeiro diagnóstico, a qual foi classificada em níveis de reprodutibilidade. Na avaliação da reprodutibilidade utilizando o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, os valores obtidos para as imagens digitalizadas dos dentes pré-molares foram considerados satisfatórios, onde os estudantes do sétimo semestre mais se aproximaram do diagnóstico correto. Conclui-se que os estudantes do sétimo semestre tiveram melhor desempenho no diagnóstico radiográfico de cáries proximais.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the dental student in the diagnosis of proximal caries. Sixty-eight students of Dentistry underwent the stages of theoretical and practical training for the radiographic diagnosis of caries. The sample consisted of conventional and digitized radiographic examinations of 40 human teeth, 20 premolars and 20 molars with untreated clinical alterations on one of the proximal surfaces. To evaluate the similarity between the references of the radiographic diagnosis scores of the caries and the histological evaluation, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was used, which measured the assertiveness between the students' scores and the true diagnosis, which was classified in levels of reproducibility. In the evaluation of reproducibility using the intraclass correlation coefficient, the values obtained for the digitized images of the premolar teeth were considered satisfactory, where the students of the seventh semester more approached the correct diagnosis. It was concluded that the seventh semester students had better performance in the radiographic diagnosis of proximal caries.

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Background and Objectives: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of lysosomal storage disorders that cause the deposition of polysaccharides in cells. This causes systemic and oral manifestations, which can be observed clinically and radiographically. The present study aimed to assess dental caries, the effect of salivary pH, and the change of microflora on teeth in patients diagnosed with MPS. Materials and Methods: The study included children affected with mucopolysaccharidosis (n = 50) and healthy children (n = 50) in the control group between 3 and 15 years of age. The pH of saliva and decayed, missing, and filled teeth/decayed extracted and filled teeth index were noted and recorded. For the microbial analysis, saliva was inoculated into blood agar, MacConkey agar, Candida CHROMagar, and Mitis Salivarius agar, then inspected for colony-forming units, which were counted and recorded based on the colony characteristics and gram staining. Statistical Analysis: Intergroup comparison of the test parameters was done using the Mann–Whitney test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed significantly higher total microbial load (P = 0.00008), streptococcus viridans species (P = 0.00001), and Candida species (P = 0.0038) in the study group. The caries incidence was also higher in the study group for both primary (P = 0.0096) and permanent dentition (P = 0.0251), and salivary pH was more acidic (P = 0.00001) in the patients diagnosed with MPS. Interpretation and Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with MPS have a higher microbial load, more acidic saliva, and subsequently, a higher caries incidence than normal healthy children. Hence, regular dental evaluation, prevention, and treatment must be integrated into their health-care regimen.

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Introduction: Dental caries results from an ecologic shift within the dental biofilm from a balanced population of microorganisms to an acidogenic, aciduric, and cariogenic microbiological population developed and maintained by frequent consumption of fermentable dietary carbohydrates. Total caries removal (TCR) of deep lesion may result in pulpal exposure requiring more invasive treatment. Hence, current pediatric dentistry has shifted to minimally invasive treatment that avoids more complex, time-consuming procedure, and the child’s discomfort. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical performance and radiographic changes after complete and incomplete caries removal procedures. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 primary molars in children aged 6–9 years. Selected 60 primary molars were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (PCR): infected dentin was removed, while the affected dentin was maintained on the pulpal wall. Group 2 (TCR): both infected and affected dentin were removed through low-speed carbide bur and hand excavator. Teeth were evaluated at 4 and 6 months clinically and radiographically. Results: The proportion was compared using Fisher’s exact test. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 was used for analysis. The level of significance was kept at 5%. Conclusion: The clinical and radiographic success rates of ICR and CCR in primary teeth with deep carious lesions were high and did not differ significantly, indicating that the retention of carious dentin does not interfere with pulp vitality. Thus, ICR is a reliable minimally invasive approach that might replace the CCR in primary teeth when correctly indicated.

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Introducción: La caries es una de las enfermedades crónicas que más afecta a la humanidad, los niños son un grupo de alto riesgo de presentarla. La Calidad de Vida Relacionada con Salud Oral (CVRSO) se refiere a la percepción de las condiciones bucales de uno mismo y la manera en que los factores afectados impactan el bienestar y desempeño en las actividades diarias, el desarrollo de indicadores de esta se ve limitado por el nivel cognitivo de los niños, lo que genera el P-CPQ para determinar la percepción parental. Objetivo: determinar la percepción parental de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal de los niños de 6 a 10 años. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo con componente analítico. Se llevó a cabo una encuesta a 98 padres, el P-CPQ modificado que consta de 23 preguntas que abarcan las subescalas de síntomas orales, limitaciones funcionales, bienestar emocional y bienestar social. Resultados: Relacionando los resultados del cuestionario con la presencia de caries en dientes permanentes se reportó el aumento de caries con la edad; el sexo femenino predominó entre los participantes con caries siendo el 63,8%. La puntuación media fue de 13,6 (DE=13,1). Se presentó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la percepción parental de CVRSO de los niños y la presencia de caries dental en dientes permanentes (p=0,004). Conclusiones: Se concluyó que la presencia de caries en dientes permanentes en niños de 6 a 10 años puede disminuir significativamente la CVRSO en las dimensiones de síntomas orales, limitaciones funcionales y bienestar social.

Introduction: Caries is one of the chronic diseases that most affects humanity; children are a high-risk group for developing it. Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQL) refers to the perception of one's own oral conditions and the way in which the affected factors impact well-being and performance in daily activities. The development of indicators of this is limited by the cognitive level of the children, which led to the P-CPQ to determine parental perception. Objective: to determine the parental perception of the quality of life related to the oral health of children from 6 to 10 years old. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and observational study with an analytical component. A survey of 98 parents was conducted, using the modified P-CPQ which consists of 23 questions covering the subscales of oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being. Results: Relating the results of the questionnaire with the presence of cavities in permanent teeth, an increase in cavities with age was reported; the female sex predominated among the participants with cavities, being 63.8%. The mean score was 13.6 (SD=13.1). There was a statistically significant association between parental perception of children's OHRQL and the presence of dental caries in permanent teeth (p=0.004). Conclusions: The presence of caries in permanent teeth in children aged 6 to 10 years can significantly reduce OHRQLin the dimensions of oral symptoms, functional limitations and social well-being.

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Introdução: O processo de desmineralização proveniente da cárie leva à formação de manchas brancas que são a primeira manifestação visível da doença. Os infiltrantes resinosos surgem como uma alternativa para o tratamento dessas lesões não cavitadas, pois sãoresinas de baixa viscosidade e faz parte dos procedimentos que visam uma odontologia menos invasiva. Objetivo: Este estudo objetiva relatar a experiência clínica no uso de infiltrante resinoso, Icon, em lesões de mancha branca de etiologias cariosa e não cariosa em dois pacientes distintos, insatisfeitos com a estética do seu sorriso. Descrição do caso: Ao exame clínico foi observado nos pacientes com lesões brancas. No primeiro paciente, de 14 anos, verificou-se a presença da atividade de cárie e micro cavitações. Dessa forma, o plano de tratamento perpassou orientação de higiene oral supervisionada, aplicação de verniz fluoretado, Enamelast, semanal, adequação do meio com restaurações em resina, e só então o uso do infiltrante. A segunda paciente, de 11 anos, já possuía saúde bucal adequada e tinha queixa estética devido à lesão branca não cariosa, hipoplasia, cujo plano de tratamento foi à utilização do Icon apenas. Conclusões: Nos dois casos obteve-se melhoria estética considerável com este procedimento microinvasivo. Melhoria na saúde bucal, aliado à devolução da estética, pode ser observada com o uso de infiltrantes resinosos (AU).

Introduction: The process of demineralization resulting from caries leads to the formation of white spots that are the first visible manifestation of the disease. Resin infiltrants appear as an alternative for the treatment of these non-cavitated lesions, since they are low viscosity resins and are part of the procedures that aim at a less invasive dentistry.Objective:This study aims to report the clinical experience in the use of a resin infiltrant, Icon,in white spot lesions of carious and non-carious etiologies in two different patients who were dissatisfied with the esthetics of their smiles.Methodology: On clinical examination, white lesions were observed in both patients. In the first patient,14 years old,the presence of caries activity and micro cavitations was verified. Thus, the treatment plan included supervised oral hygiene guidance, weekly application of fluoride varnish,Enamelast, adaptation of the environment with resin restorations, and, onlythen, the use of the infiltrant, Icon. The second patient, 11 years old,already had adequate oral health and had an esthetic complaint due to a non-carious white lesion, hypoplasia, whose treatment plan consisted of the use of Icon only.Conclusions:In both cases considerable esthetic improvement was obtained with this microinvasive procedure. Improvement in oral health, combined with the return of esthetics, can be observed with the use of resin infiltrants (AU).

Introducción: El proceso de desmineralización resultante de la caries conduce a la formación de manchas blancas, que son la primera manifestación visible de la enfermedad. Losinfiltrantes de resina aparecen como una alternativa para el tratamiento de estas lesiones no cavitadas, pues se tratan de resinas de baja viscosidad y forman parte de los procedimientos que buscan una odontología menos invasiva. Objetivo:Este estudio tiene como objetivo relatar la experiencia clínica en el uso del infiltrante de resina,Iconen lesiones de mancha blanca de etiologías cariosas y no cariosas en dos pacientes diferentes, insatisfechos con la estética de sus sonrisas.Metodología: En el examen clínico se observaron lesiones blancas en ambos pacientes. En el primer paciente, 14 añosse verificó la presencia de actividad de caries y micro cavitaciones. De ese modo, el plan de tratamiento incluyó la orientación supervisada de la higiene bucal,la aplicación semanal de barniz de flúor (Enamelast), la adaptación del entorno con restauraciones de resina y, sólo después, el uso del infiltrante,Icon. La segunda paciente, 11 años,ya tenía una salud bucal adecuada y presentaba una queja estética debido a una lesión blanca no cariosa, hipoplasia, cuyo plan de tratamiento fue el uso exclusivo de Icon. Conclusiones: En ambos casos, se consiguió una mejora estética considerable con este procedimiento microinvasivo. La mejora de la salud bucal, unida a la recuperación de la estética, puede observarse con el uso de infiltrantes de resina (AU).

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Objective: To evaluate the progression of caries around orthodontic brackets after the enamel has been exposed to lacteal products containing probiotics. Methods: Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the enamel surfaces. The test specimens were randomly divided into six groups: G1-negative control; G2-positive control, exposed to culture environment only (without microorganisms); G3-exposed to the cariogenic environment and the fermented cow's milk without probiotic; G4-exposed to the cariogenic environment and fermented cow's milk with probiotic; G5-exposed to the cariogenic environment and yogurt without probiotic; and G6-exposed to the cariogenic environment and yogurt with probiotic. The groups were placed in brain heart infusion medium, supplemented with 2% sucrose and with 1x106 cells/ml of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC). The Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, Student t, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests were used. Results: all groups exposed to the ATCC strains showed lower final microhardness, compared to the negative control (p0.05). Conclusions: Lacteal products are not able to prevent the progression of caries around orthodontic brackets.