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There is a lack of studies investigating the associations between modifiable psychological factors in migraine more comprehensively. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between self-efficacy and locus of control beliefs, cognitive distortions, depression, anxiety, psychopathological symptoms, headache headache-related disability, headache frequency, and severity in migraine patients. In addition, we compared study measures between chronic and episodic migraine patients. One hundred forty-seven (147) migraine outpatients from three Brazilian specialized headache hospital services completed measures of self-efficacy, locus of control, psychopathological symptoms, cognitive distortions, depression, anxiety, and headache-related disability. Headache-related cognitive distortions were positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms, depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, headache-related disability, headache frequency, and headache intensity. Self-efficacy beliefs correlated negatively with all psychological and clinical measures. Chance locus of control correlated positively with depression, anxiety, psychopathological symptoms, pain catastrophizing, headache-related disability, and headache intensity. Compared to episodic migraine patients, those with chronic migraine showed significantly higher levels of cognitive distortions and chance locus of control but lower levels of self-efficacy in headache management. The results brought evidence that patients' cognitive and emotional responses to their headaches are associated with headache-related disability and chronicity. Furthermore, they reinforce the need to evaluate and treat those modifiable psychological factors in daily clinical practice.(AU)

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Los datos sobre eficacia y seguridad de ceftazidima-avibactam (CAZ/AVI) en niños son limitados; por lo tanto, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática para responder a la siguiente pregunta: La combinación CAZ/AVI es más eficaz y más segura que otros antibióticos comparadores en el tratamiento de infecciones graves por bacilos gram negativos en niños?. Procedimiento: Se realizaron búsquedas bibliográficas en Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Cinahl, SCI-EXPANDED y Scopus. Se incluyeron solo estudios aleatorizados randomizados controlados, en sujetos ≤18 años de edad que recibieran tratamiento empírico o de infección documentada por microorganismos sensibles que fueran tratados con CAZ/AVI o un comparador y que informaran su evolución y efectos adversos. Se realizó un metaanálisis con el método de Der Simonian-Laird. Se calculó la heterogeneidad mediante el indicador I2. Resultados: De un total de 1673 artículos hallados, solamente dos cumplimentaban los criterios de inclusión exigidos por lo que se procedió a la lectura del texto completo. Ambos son estudios primarios experimentales de fase II, uno en pacientes con infecciones intraabdominales y el otro, con infecciones renales. La estimación de la heterogeneidad estadística de la eficacia resultó en una alta heterogeneidad que estimamos que estaría generada en los diferentes diagnósticos (infecciones intraabdominales y pielonefritis) pero no llegó a ser tan elevada como para desaconsejar realizar el metaanálisis. Con respecto a la evaluación de los eventos adversos, el valor I2 es de signo negativo, lo que sugiere la inexistencia de heterogeneidad. La probabilidad de sesgo de publicación es inevitablemente elevada, puesto que solamente hubo dos estudios aptos para ser incluidos. Interpretación: Esta revisión sistemática, concluye que no fue posible establecer superioridad del CAZ/AVI frente al comparador meropenem en el tratamiento de infecciones intraabdominales y frente a cefepime en pielonefritis. Ambas intervenciones mostraron un aceptable perfil de seguridad en niños. La incidencia de eventos adversos fue semejante en ambos grupos y ninguno de los relacionados con las drogas fue grave (AU)

Data on the efficacy and safety of ceftazidimeavibactam (CAZ/AVI) in children are limited. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to address the following question: Is the CAZ/AVI combination more effective and safer than other comparator antibiotics for the treatment of severe gramnegative bacilli infections in children? Procedure: Literature searches were performed in Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCI-EXPANDED, and Scopus. Only randomized controlled trials involving subjects aged ≤18 years were included. Studies had to report on patients receiving empirical treatment or treatment for documented infections caused by susceptible microorganisms with CAZ/AVI or a comparator antibiotic, as well as their outcomes and adverse effects. A meta-analysis was conducted using the DerSimonian-Laird method, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 indicator. Results: Out of 1,673 articles identified, only two met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently reviewed in full. Both studies were primary experimental phase II trials: one focused on patients with intra-abdominal infections, and the other on patients with renal infections. The estimation of statistical heterogeneity for efficacy indicated high heterogeneity, which was attributed to the differing diagnoses (intra-abdominal infections and pyelonephritis). However, the heterogeneity was not excessive enough to preclude a meta-analysis. For the evaluation of adverse events, the I2 value was negative, indicating an absence of heterogeneity. The probability of publication bias was inevitably high due to the limited number of eligible studies. Interpretation: This systematic review concludes that it was not possible to establish the superiority of CAZ/AVI over the comparator antibiotics, meropenem for intra-abdominal infections and cefepime for pyelonephritis. Both treatments demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in children. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between groups, and none of the drug-related events were serious (AU)

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O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar possíveis correlações entre competências socioemocionais, adaptabilidade de carreira e autoeficácia na transição escola-trabalho. A amostra foi composta por 505 jovens aprendizes com idades entre 14 e 24 anos, sendo 39,4 % do sexo masculino (n = 199), 60,6 % do sexo feminino (n = 306), participantes de um programa de aprendizagem. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos aplicados online: Instrumento para Avaliação de Competências Socioemocionais (SENNA 2.0), Escala de Adaptabilidade de Carreira (EAC), Escala de Autoeficácia na Transição Escola-Trabalho (AETBR), Questionário de Identificação e Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil. Foram realizadas análises fatoriais confirmatórias, de confiabilidade, descritivas e correlações r de Pearson. Os resultados indicam correlações importantes entre todas as variáveis, exceto entre as competências socioemocionais, amabilidade e engajamento com os outros. Os resultados da AETT-BR e da EAC mostram relação entre confiança e adaptação. Os achados mostram implicações para as práticas e pistas para novas investigações.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar posibles correlaciones entre competencias socioemocionales, adaptabilidad de carrera y autoeficacia, en la transición escuela-trabajo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 505 jóvenes participantes de un programa de aprendizaje con edades entre 14 y 24 años, siendo 39.4 % del sexo masculino (n = 199) y 60.6 % del sexo femenino (n = 306). Se utilizaron cuatro instrumentos aplicados online: Instrumento para Evaluación de Competencias Socioemocionales (SENNA 2.0), Escala de Adaptabilidad de Carrera (EAC), Escala de Autoeficacia en la Transición Escuela-Trabajo (AETBR) y Cuestionario de Identificación y Criterio de Clasificación Económica Brasil. Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios de confiabilidad y descriptivos y correlaciones r de Pearson. Los resultados indicaron correlaciones importantes entre todas las variables, excepto entre las competencias socioemocionales, amabilidad y compromiso con los otros. Los resultados de la AETT-BR y de la EAC mostraron relación entre confianza y adaptación. Los hallazgos muestran implicaciones para las prácticas e indicios para realizar nuevas investigaciones.

The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlations between socioemotional competencies, career adaptability and self-efficacy in the school-work transition. The sample consisted of 505 young apprentices aged between 14 and 24, 39.4 % male (n = 199), 60.6 % female (n = 306), participating in an apprenticeship program. Four online instruments were used: the Socio-Emotional Skills Assessment Tool (SENNA 2.0), the Career Adaptability Scale (CAT), the Self-Efficacy Scale for the School-Work Transition (AETT-BR), the Identification Questionnaire and the Brazil Economic Classification Criterion. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive analysis and Pearson's r correlations were carried out. The results indicate significant correlations between all the variables, except for socioemotional competencies, kindness and engagement with others. The results of the AETT-BR and CAT show a relationship between trust and adaptation. The findings show implications for practice and avenues for further research.

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Introduction: There is a necessity of Pakistani (Urdu) translation and validation of Breast self-examination (BSE) self-efficacy scale to access high- risk women confidence in doing self-examination of breast as screening measures. The study aim is to translate and validate breast self-examination self-efficacy scale in Pakistani high-risk women. Methodology: The 12 items BSE Self-Efficacy scale was translated and validated by using Brislin (1970) and Sperber (2004) methodology. Psychometric properties of Pakistan version BSE Self-Efficacy scale were assessed among 120 women from oncology department of the tertiary care hospital in Pakistan selected with simple random sampling. CFA (Confirmatory factor analysis) was done for measuring the construct validity and reliability was assessed by Cronbach alpha coefficient. Demographics characteristics were analysed by descriptive statistics with SPSS and Mplus software was used for CFA. Results: The translated version showed semantic equivalence to the original English version. CFA results indicated that all 12 items were consistent with a unidimensional scale (?2=464.3, p > .05, df=54, RMSEA =.025, CFI=.965, TLI=.913, SRMR=.062), Cronbach’s ? value .96, demonstrating high reliability. Conclusion: The twelve-item BSE self-efficacy scale Pakistani version established appropriate translation, validity and reliability in measuring confidence of doing BSE.

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RESUMO O fechamento do canal arterial por meio da utilização de inibidores de cicloxigenase (COX), é considerado o tratamento de primeira linha da persistência do canal arterial hemodinamicamente significativo (PCAHS). Fisiologicamente, as prostaglandinas têm papel reconhecido na PCA (persistência do canal arterial). Reconhecidamente, a eficácia e segurança comparativa entre o ibuprofeno e o paracetamol precisa ser determinada para escolha racional da terapia medicamentosa do fechamento do ducto arterial (DA) em protocolos clínicos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os aspectos da eficácia e da segurança terapêutica do paracetamol versus ibuprofeno no tratamento da PCA em recém-nascidos prematuros. Procedeu-se a revisão sistemática da literatura, seguindo as recomendações do protocolo PRISMA, utilizando as bases de dados Medline, Pubmed, LILACS e SciELO. Foram incluídos estudos dos últimos 10 anos (2013-2023), os quais analisaram a eficácia e/ou segurança do paracetamol em comparação ao ibuprofeno em recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de PCA. Foram selecionados para análise 8 ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs), resultando em um tamanho amostral de 781 neonatos com PCA tratados com paracetamol ou com ibuprofeno. A eficácia do paracetamol para o fechamento do DA é comparável ao ibuprofeno. Não há diferença estatisticamente significativa na incidência de efeitos adversos relacionadas entre os dois medicamentos na maioria dos estudos. Há equivalência na eficácia e na segurança do ibuprofeno e paracetamol para promover o fechamento do DA em recém-nascidos prematuros com PCAHS.

ABSTRACT Closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) using cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors is considered the first-line treatment for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Physiologically, prostaglandins have a recognized role in PDA. Admittedly, the comparative efficacy and safety between ibuprofen and acetaminophen need to be determined for rational choice of drug therapy for closure of the DA in clinical protocols. This study aims to present the aspects of the efficacy and therapeutic safety of paracetamol versus ibuprofen in the treatment of PDA in premature newborns. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, following the recommendations of the PRISMA protocol, using the Medline, Pubmed, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Studies from the last 10 years (2013-2023) that analyzed the efficacy and/or safety of acetaminophen compared to ibuprofen in newborns diagnosed with PDA were included. Eight randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were selected for analysis, resulting in a sample size of 781 newborns with PDA treated with acetaminophen or ibuprofen. The efficacy of acetaminophen for DA closure is comparable to ibuprofen. There is no statistically significant difference in the incidence of related adverse effects between the two drugs in most studies. There is equivalence in the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen to promote closure of the DA in premature newborns with hsPDA.

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The emergence of drug resistance can lead to increased mortality and morbidity as treatment efficacy declines, and there is an urgent need to explore novel antibacterial compounds with enhanced effectiveness against drugresistant bacteria, particularly resistant biofilms. Curcumin, with its antimicrobial activity, can be a potential safe agent; however, studies on its efficacy against resistant biofilm are limited. This study, therefore, aims to explore the potential of curcumin and/or its novel derivatives against a spectrum of resistant biofilm-related pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and human pathogens. Another study objective is to investigate the effectiveness of the high-yielding Lakadong turmeric (LKD)-derived curcumin for its antibacterial effects and the ability to inhibit biofilm formation in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using in-vitro assays. A molecular docking study was used to select the most potential binding interaction between the selected protein structure and ligand molecule for the potential efficacy of curcumin against resistant biofilms. Lakadong-derived curcumin-loaded nano gels (LKD-Cur Nanogel) were prepared and tested for antibacterial (zone-inhibition) and biofilm formation (scanning confocal microscope) activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, Curcumin derivatives were studied in-silico for potential effectiveness against a spectrum of resistant biofilms. The in-silico results showed that curcumin and/or its novel derivatives exhibited high selectivity toward a range of targeted proteins compared to curcumin. Moreover, LKD-Cur Nanogel exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity with an increased mean zone of inhibition compared to positive control. The biofilm formation assay illustrated that LKD-Cur Nanogel effectively disrupted established bacterial biofilms (both for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus) grown on microtiter plates at a concentration of 1,000 µg/ml compared to the control. Therefore, it can be concluded that curcumin and/or its newly modified derivatives could hold promising antibacterial activity targeting diverse biofilm-associated pathogens based on the in-silico and in-vitro study. Moreover, it can be concluded that LKD-derived curcumin nanogels have good antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy.

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This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of losartan eye drops in the treatment of haze corneal secondary to surgical procedures such as Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK), Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK) and crosslinking corneal. For this purpose, this systematic review was carried out based on studies published between 2019 and 2024, selected from databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria covered clinical trials, observational studies and experiments in animal models that investigated the use of topical losartan in the treatment of haze corneal. Data on haze density, visual acuity, side effects and tolerability were extracted and analyzed. In this way, 20 sources were included, consisting of patients and animal models. Most studies reported a significant reduction of up to 60% in haze density corneal in patients treated with losartan eye drops, with a robust decline in corneal opacity; as well as an efficacy of up to 55% in reducing fibrosis, and with signs of inhibition of myofibroblast generation between 25% and 60%. Regarding visual acuity, there was a reduction of up to 50% in corneal abrasion and a 30% improvement in visual acuity after treatment with losartan when compared to the control group. The most common side effects were mild, including eye irritation and hyperemia, occurring in very few cases. The tolerability of the treatment was considered high, with the majority of patients completing the therapeutic course. That said, topical losartan demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing haze corneal and improving visual acuity, with a favorable safety profile. These findings suggest that losartan eye drops may be a viable and safe alternative for the management of haze corneal secondary to surgical procedures for refractive correction and other corneal pathologies. However, additional studies, especially large-scale randomized clinical trials, are needed to consolidate these results and establish standardized clinical protocols, since one of the limitations found in this study was the scarcity of studies in this field of research, in addition to the low number of studies carried out exclusively on humans.

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This study explores a novel approach to treat acne using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from Plantago major (Pm). We aimed to create a stable, safe, and effective anti-acne sheet mask. AgNPs were synthesized using water extracts of Pm leaves and formulated into an anti-acne sheet mask. The sheet mask was assessed for physical stability through freeze-thaw cycling tests and evaluated for safety through dermal irritation tests. The efficacy was assessed on the sheet mask’s impact on Propionibacterium acnes bacteria and inflammation. The anti-acne sheet mask containing AgNPs synthesized from Pm was found to be physically stable and safe for use, with no significant skin irritation observed. The formulation exhibited effective inhibition of P. acnes, particularly in the formula containing only AgNPs. In addition, the sheet mask preparations demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-acne sheet mask containing AgNPs synthesized from Pm exhibited favorable safety profile, inhibited P. acnes bacteria, and possessed anti-inflammatory properties.

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Background: Among psychiatric illnesses, schizophrenia remains a chronic debilitating disorder. Although newer atypical antipsychotics have shown better improvement in schizophrenia patients, they are still lacking conclusive evidence-based studies. Aims and Objectives: The comparative evaluation of amisulpride versus olanzapine in terms of therapeutic efficacy and their cost in schizophrenia patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, open-label comparative study. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly allocated into two treatment arms. One group (n = 50) was treated with olanzapine, and another group (n = 50) was treated with amisulpride. Patients were followed up for 12 weeks. Positive and negative syndrome scale score assessments were done to evaluate the efficacy parameter. Antipsychotic drug costs were also studied. Results: In the treatment duration, it was observed that the positive and negative syndrome scores were 42.7% in the olanzapine-administered group, whereas the score was 33.8% in patients treated with amisulpride. The reduction in clinical global impression (CGI) score was 57% in the olanzapine group and 37% in the amisulpride group. The cost range for amisulpride was (Rs) 52.5–115.9 and for olanzapine was (Rs) 6.7–13.1 per positive and negative syndrome score improvement. Conclusion: A significant decrease in positive and negative syndrome scores and CGI scores was evident in both groups treated with amisulpride and olanzapine, but olanzapine is more efficacious and cost-effective than amisulpride.

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Background: Lower backache is a highly prevalent condition among middle-aged individuals and is often caused by muscle spasms. It is one of the most common reasons why people seek medical assistance from a primary care physician. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drug combinations thiocolchicoside 4 mg and aceclofenac 100 mg versus aceclofenac 100 mg and paracetamol 500 mg. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a prospective, randomized, double-blind, comparative, and parallel group design. A total of 80 patients who met the specified criteria were selected to participate in the trial over a period of 3 months. A total of 30 cases were selected for each group, with consideration given to excluding outliers. The patients were allocated randomly into two groups: Group A, consisting of 30 individuals, and Group B, consisting of 30 individuals. The primary efficacy assessments include the visual analog scale, muscle spasm assessment by finger-to-floor distance, and Lasegue’s maneuver. The secondary efficacy measures were assessed using a 4-point scale global assessment, which included ratings of excellent, good, average, and poor. Results: The majority of study participants were in the age group 39–48 years and above 48 years consisting of 25 patients and 33, respectively. Males constituted 51.6% and females were 48.3%. On day 28, results were calculated on 26 patients in Group A and 24 patients in Group B as 10 patients discontinued the treatment after 3rd week. Conclusions: It is concluded that the best possible medical intervention to treat acute low back pain is to use drug combinations of analgesics and skeletal muscle relaxants. The combination of tablet thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac proved to be more efficacious and safer when compared to the combination of tablet aceclofenac and paracetamol.

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Introducción Fulvestrant demostró beneficio en sobrevida global y sobrevida libre de progresión en pacientes con cáncer de mama avanzado, con receptores hormonales positivos y receptor de factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano 2 negativo. Se evaluaron las características, la evolución y la sobrevida de pacientes con cáncer de mama receptor hormonal positivo, HER2 negativo, tratadas con fulvestrant, de acuerdo con los protocolos nacionales de cobertura de tratamiento del Fondo Nacional de Recursos. Su objetivo fue conocer la eficacia de fulvestrant en pacientes tratados en la práctica clínica habitual. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo con los resultados de los estudios pivotales. Métodos Se utilizó la base de datos del Fondo Nacional de Recursos, que abarca el período de 2009 a 2022. La evaluación de las curvas de sobrevida se realizó mediante el método Kaplan-Meier y las diferencias se analizaron utilizando el test de Log-Rank. Resultados Se incluyeron 1085 pacientes con una edad media de 63,66 años. Tras un seguimiento de 14 meses, la mediana de la sobrevida global fue de 16 meses y la de la sobrevida libre de progresión de 6 meses. La presencia de metástasis hepáticas y óseas se asoció con una menor sobrevida global. Los pacientes del sector público y aquellos con una mejor escala de estado funcional experimentaron una mayor sobrevida global. Conclusiones Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen una perspectiva valiosa para la gestión de tratamientos en un contexto de recursos limitados. La sobrevida global y la sobrevida libre de progresión fueron algo inferiores a los reportados en los ensayos clínicos pivotales. La presencia de metástasis hepáticas y óseas se asoció a un peor pronóstico y una peor sobrevida. Además, los pacientes con peor escala de estado funcional tuvieron una menor sobrevida global. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de terapias personalizadas, abriendo nuevas líneas de investigación futura.

Introduction Fulvestrant demonstrated benefits in overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with advanced breast cancer, who are hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative. The characteristics, evolution, and survival of patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer treated with fulvestrant were evaluated according to the national treatment coverage protocols of the National Resources Fund, with the aim of understanding the efficacy of fulvestrant in patients treated in usual clinical practice and comparing our results with those from pivotal studies. Methods A database from the National Resources Fund covering the period from 2009 to 2022 was used. Survival curves were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were analyzed using the Log-Rank test. Results A total of 1085 patients with an average age of 63,66 years were included. Following a follow-up of 14 months, the median overall survival was 16 months, and the median progression-free survival was 6 months. The presence of liver and bone metastases was associated with a shorter overall survival. Patients from the public sector and those with a better performance status experienced longer overall survival. Conclusions Our findings provide a valuable perspective for treatment management in a context of limited resources. Overall survival and progression-free survival were somewhat lower than those reported in pivotal clinical trials. The presence of liver and bone metastases was associated with worse prognosis and survival; additionally, patients with worse performance status had shorter overall survival. These findings underscore the need for personalized therapies, opening new lines of future research.

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The growing interest in microsponge-based topical formulations compared to traditional ones is shaping the future of skincare and pharmaceutical treatments. Microsponges are gaining attention for their ability to enhance drug stability, control release, and target specific areas, which could lead to better therapeutic outcomes and improved patient experiences. In this review, we dive into how these innovative formulations stack up against conventional methods. We start by exploring what makes microsponge technology unique—their structure, how they work, and the benefits they offer. We then look at the composition and challenges of traditional formulations that have been the standard for years. The review also takes a close look at key studies that compare the effectiveness of these two approaches in treating common skin conditions like acne, psoriasis, and fungal infections. We examine how well the drugs are released, how deeply they penetrate the skin, their overall effectiveness, and how they affect patient compliance. Additionally, we discuss real-world evidence from clinical trials and case studies to provide a practical perspective on how microsponge-based treatments perform. We also consider safety concerns, possible side effects, and the regulatory landscape. Finally, we wrap up with a summary of what we’ve learned, pointing out both the strengths and areas for improvement in microsponge technology, and suggest where future research could lead us in advancing these innovative delivery systems.

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The development of a dengue vaccine presents numerous challenges, largely due to the complexity of the virus and the human immune response. One of the primary hurdles is Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE), where antibodies from a previous dengue infection can facilitate a more severe secondary infection with a different serotype, exacerbating the disease. Cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, such as Zika, complicates the immune response further. Additionally, the vaccine must elicit a balanced immune response against all four dengue serotypes, which is difficult to achieve. The role of T follicular helper (TFH) cells in enhancing vaccine efficacy has emerged as a critical area of focus. Efficiently targeting and inducing TFH cells through specific adjuvants could enhance neutralizing antibody production and long-lasting immunity, addressing some of the current vaccine limitations. Despite these challenges, ongoing research and trials continue to advance the field towards a more effective dengue vaccine.

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Salmonella identification from blood samples is crucial for rapid detection and efficient medication of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Because of its remarkable sensitivity and specificity, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a broadly applied technology. The goal of this analysis of 16 papers concentrating on PCR-based Salmonella species identification in blood samples is to identify the most common and successful PCR techniques. The review covers a variety of PCR methods, such as one-step differential detection PCR, nested PCR, multiplex PCR, and real-time PCR. The effectiveness of many PCR primers, including those for the flagellin gene, hilA gene, invA gene, and iroB gene, in detecting Salmonella was examined. The examined studies consistently showed that the PCR techniques used had good sensitivity (95%–100%) and specificity (97%–100%). In addition, PCR was effectively used by the researchers to identify particular species of Salmonella serovars, which comprise Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella paratyphi A, and Salmonella enteritidis. Notably, multiplex PCR became a useful technique for detecting many Salmonella serovars at the same time. The use of PCR in identifying antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates is also emphasized in the review. The collective results highlight the remarkable specificity and sensitivity of PCRbased techniques for Salmonella species identification from blood samples. Of them, real-time PCR and multiplex PCR are the most widely used because of their increased efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity.

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Resumen Introducción : La planificación compartida de la atención (PCA) es un proceso reflexivo, deliberativo y estructurado. Involucra a la persona enferma y su en torno afectivo. Los profesionales sanitarios reconocen barreras para iniciar la PCA. La autoeficacia percibida es un principal predictor del éxito en los procesos de aprendizaje. Objetivos: 1) Adaptar transculturalmente la escala de autoeficacia percibida en PCA en español para Argentina (ACP-SEs); 2) Explorar la confiabilidad y la validez de la escala y 3) Explorar la autoeficacia en PCA en profesionales argentinos. Métodos : Estudio instrumental exploratorio realizado a profesionales de la salud que asisten pacientes con enfermedades crónicas avanzadas, interdisciplinarios, a través de una prueba de comprensión del instrumento ACP-SEs y la validación psicométrica en una muestra intencional de profesionales. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y la experiencia previa. Resultados : Luego de la prueba de comprensión y adaptación lingüística de la escala a través de un test cognitivo con 8 profesionales con experiencia con pa cientes crónicos avanzados se logró la versión de la escala ACP-SEs Ar. Participaron en la exploración 236 profesionales, el 83% asistía pacientes con enfermedad crónica avanzada; el 52.9% médicos; 52% recibió formación informal en PCA y 11% tenía un documento de directivas anticipadas personal. La consistencia interna de la escala fue alta (alfa de Cronbach = 0.89). Las preguntas sobre pronóstico, objetivos y preferencias de tratamiento, y reevaluación de los objetivos de cuidados mostraron diferencias sig nificativas entre médicos y no médicos. Conclusión : La escala ACP-SEs Ar demostró propie dades psicométricas adecuadas.

Abstract Introduction : Shared care planning (ACP) is a reflec tive, deliberative and structured process involving the sick person and his or her caring environment.Health professionals recognize barriers to initiating ACP.Per ceived self-efficacy is one of the main predictors of success in learning processes. Objectives: 1) To cross-culturally adapt the ACP self-efficacy scale in Spanish for Argentina (ACP-SEs); 2) To explore the reliability and validity of the scale; and 3) To explore self-efficacy in ACP in Argentinean professionals. Method : Exploratory instrumental study carried out on health professionals who assist patients with ad vanced chronic diseases, interdisciplinary through a comprehension test of the ACP-SEs instrument and psychometric validation in a purposive sample of pro fessionals. Sociodemographic variables and previous experience were analyzed. Results : After the comprehension test and linguistic adaptation of the scale through cognitive testing with eight professionals with experience with advanced chronic patients, the ACP-SEs Ar version of the scale was achieved. 236 professionals participated in the exploration, 83% attended patients with advanced chronic disease, 52.9 % were physicians, 52% received informal training in ACP, and 11% had a personal advance directive document. The scale's internal con sistency was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). Questions about prognosis, treatment options, goals, treatment preferences, and reassessment of goals of care showed significant differences between physicians and non-physicians. Conclusion : We explored PCA self-efficacy in health professionals with the ACP-SEs Ar scale validated for the first time in Argentina.

ABSTRACT

Resumo A autoeficácia dos docentes e seu acesso a recursos podem influenciar a transição do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto emergencial. Este estudo objetivou construir e verificar evidências de validade das escalas de Autoeficácia e Acesso a Recursos de Docentes do Ensino Superior que passaram pela transição para aulas remotas. As escalas foram construídas e submetidas à validação semântica e por juízes. A coleta de dados foi realizada a distância com 135 professores. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, exploratórias e confirmatórias. Ambas as escalas apresentaram cargas fatoriais acima de 0,4. A escala de Autoeficácia docente apresentou-se unifatorial com bom índice de consistência interna (α = 0,95) e bons indicadores de ajuste (x 2 : 256,794; df: 131; CMIN/DF: 1,96; GFI: 0,89; RMSR: 0,05; CFI: 0,93; TLI: 0,91; RMSEA: 0,07). A escala de acesso a recursos apresentou-se com dois fatores e obteve bons índices de consistência interna (α entre 0,80 e 0,88) e bons indicadores de ajuste (x 2 : 67,99; df: 31; CMIN/DF: 2,19; GFI: 0,90; RMSR: 0,12; CFI: 0,94; TLI: 0,92; RMSEA: 0,094). Este estudo amplia o conhecimento a respeito da transição do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto, e traz implicações práticas que poderão auxiliar no planejamento e desenvolvimento das ações educacionais.

Abstract Teachers' self-efficacy and access to resources can influence the transition to emergency remote teaching. This study aimed to build and verify validity evidences of the Self-Efficacy and Access to Resources scales of Higher Education Teachers who underwent the transition to remote classes. The scales were constructed and submitted to semantic and expert validation. Data collection was carried out remotely with 135 teachers. Descriptive, exploratory and confirmatory analyzes were carried out. Both scales presented factor loadings above 0.4. The Teacher Self-Efficacy scale was unifactorial with a good internal consistency index (α = 0.95) and good adjustment indicators (x2: 256.794; df: 131; CMIN/DF: 1.96; GFI: 0.89; RMSR: 0.05; CFI: 0.93; TLI: 0.91; RMSEA: 0.07). The access to resources scale had two factors and obtained good internal consistency indexes (α between 0.80 and 0.88) and good adjustment indicators 67.99; df: 31; CMIN/DF: 2.19; GFI: 0.90; RMSR: 0.12; CFI: 0.94; TLI: 0.92; RMSEA: 0.094). This study expands knowledge regarding the transition from face-to-face teaching to remote teaching, and brings practical implications that may help in the planning and development of educational actions.

Resumen La autoeficacia de los docentes y el acceso a los recursos pueden influir en la transición a la enseñanza remota de emergencia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo construir y verificar evidencias de validez de las escalas de Autoeficacia y Acceso a Recursos de Profesores de Educación Superior que atravesaron la transición a clases remotas. Las escalas fueron sometidas a validación semántica y de expertos. La recolección de datos se realizó de forma remota con 135 docentes. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, exploratorios y confirmatorios. Ambas escalas presentaron cargas factoriales superiores α 0,4. La escala de Autoeficacia Docente fue unifactorial, con buen índice de consistencia interna (α = 0,95) y buenos indicadores de ajuste (x2: 256,794; gl: 131; CMIN/DF: 1,96; GFI: 0,89; RMSR: 0,05; CFI: 0,93; TLI: 0,91; RMSEA: 0,07). La escala de Acceso a Recursos tuvo dos factores y obtuvo buenos índices de consistencia interna (α entre 0,80 y 0,88) y buenos indicadores de ajuste X 67,99; df: 31; CMIN/DF: 2,19; GFI: 0,90; RMSR: 0,12; CFI: 0,94; TLI: 0,92; RMSEA: 0,094). Este estudio amplía el conocimiento sobre la transición de la enseñanza presencial a la enseñanza remota, y aporta implicaciones que pueden ayudar en la planificación y desarrollo de acciones educativas.

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los factores que influyen en la autoeficacia para el uso del condón (AUC) en mujeres portadoras del Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) de la frontera norte de H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional en una población de mujeres portadoras del VPH, el muestreo fue por conveniencia, con un total de 201 mujeres. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la cédula de datos personales y la dimensión autoeficacia para el uso del condón de la Escala de Autoeficacia para el Sida (SEA-27). Se aplicó al estadística descriptiva y correlacional a través del paquete SPSS 21. Resultados: mujeres con edad promedio de 30 años (DE=13.12), el 49.3% solteras, pero en una relación de sexual estable (75.1%). En cuanto a la AUC, tienden a estar de medio seguras para el uso del condón durante el acto sexual después de que la mujer y su pareja han estado bebiendo alcohol o han estado consumiendo o utilizando alguna droga. Así mismo reportan una media de 3,90 (DE=1,14) estar medio seguras de negarse a tener relaciones sexuales si su pareja no acepta usar condón. La edad tiene una relación estadísticamente significativa moderada y positiva con el estado civil (r s = .490, p< .001) y el tiempo de relación de pareja (r s = .456, p< .001); el estado civil mostró una correlación estadísticamente significativa moderada positiva con el tiempo de relación (r s = .516, p< .001) y muy baja negativa con la AUC (r s = -.141, p< .05) y la escolaridad se correlaciona en niveles muy bajos pero positivos con el nivel de AUC (r s = .196, p< .001). Conclusión: La población estudiada ha reportado una baja autoeficacia para el uso del condón y solo la escolaridad y el estado civil son los factores que se relacionan directamente con la variable.

Abstract Objective: To identify the factors that influence self-efficacy for condom use (AUC) in women carrying Human Papillomavirus (HPV) from the northern border of H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Materials and methods: descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study in a population of women carrying HPV, sampling was by convenience, with a total of 201 women. The instruments applied were the personal data card and the self-efficacy dimension for condom use of the Self-Efficacy Scale for AIDS (SEA-27). Descriptive and correlational statistics were applied through the SPSS 21 package. Results: women with an average age of 30 years (SD=13.12), 49.3% single, but in a stable sexual relationship (75.1%). AUC, they tend to be moderately safe to use condoms during sexual intercourse after the woman and her partner have been drinking alcohol or have been consuming or using drugs. Likewise, they report an average of 3.90 (SD=1.14) to be half sure of refusing to have sexual relations if their partner does not agree to use a condom. Age has a moderate and positive statistically significant relationship with marital status (r s = .490, p< .001) and length of relationship (r s = .456, p< .001); marital status showed a statistically significant moderate positive correlation with the length of the relationship (r s = .516, p< .001) and a very low negative correlation with the AUC (r s = -.141, p< .05) and schooling is correlated at very low but positive levels with the AUC level (r s = .196, p< .001). Conclusion: The population studied has reported low self-efficacy for condom use and only education and marital status are the factors that are directly related to the variable.

ABSTRACT

The usage of biopesticides is far less compared to chemical pesticides available in the market. Trichoderma is an effective biocontrol agent with a long history of success stories compared to all other available biocontrol agents. Application of Trichoderma formulation enhances the plant growth and is more effective in managing diseases of crop plants. In India, several popular products derived from different Trichoderma species have found commercial success among organic growers. In India, certain quantity of fruitful produces are from diverse class of Trichoderma hence, it must be commercialized. Many small and medium entrepreneurs have recently started producing biocontrol agents for commercial use, which has led to the introduction of numerous biocontrol products in the global market. This paper aims to review and discuss the carrier materials, mass production techniques, target diseases, recommended dose, application methods, storage and shelf life of Trichoderma formulations. The main obstacle inthe commercialization of bioproducts is reduced shelf life. Therefore, this review will explain the various types of Trichoderma formulations in several substrates and commercial viability of the substrates.

ABSTRACT

Objective. This study was conducted with the aim of the effect of team members teaching design (TMTD) vs. regular Lectures method on the self-efficacy of the multiple sclerosis patients. Methods. This research is a randomized controlled trial study. In this study, 48 multiple sclerosis persons of members of Jahrom MS Society participated. The persons were selected by simple random sampling and then divided into three groups of: TMTD (n=16), regular lecture method (n=16), and control (n=16), by random allocation method. In the intervention groups, six training sessions were held twice a week; control group did not receive education. Data was collected by the MS self-efficacy questionnaire of Rigby et al. in the before, immediately and one month after the intervention. Results. Patients in three intervention and control groups were similar in terms of demographic variables. The results of the repeated measurement test before, immediately and one month after the intervention showed that the mean of the all dimensions of self-efficacy in two intervention groups had increased significantly (p<0.05). While these changes were not significant in the control group (p ≥ 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in the mean of the all dimensions of self-efficacy between the intervention groups of TMTD and regular lectures. Conclusion. Based on the findings, TMTD compared to regular lectures method had a more significant effect on improving the self-efficacy of multiple sclerosis patients. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing use this educational approach to increase patients' self-efficacy.

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto del diseño de la enseñanza colaborativa de los miembros del equipo (En inglés: Team Members Teaching Design -TMTD) frente al método de las clases regulares sobre la autoeficacia de los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM).Métodos. Ensayo controlado aleatorizado realizado con la participación de 48 personas con esclerosis múltiple afiliados a la Sociedad de Esclerosis Múltiple de Jahrom (Iran), que fueron seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple y luego asignados en forma randomizada en tres grupos, dos de intervención: TMTD (n=16) y método de clases regulares (n=16), y un grupo control (n=16). En los grupos de intervención se impartieron seis sesiones educativas (dos por semana); mientras que el grupo control no recibió educación. Se empleó el cuestionario de autoeficacia en EM de Rigby et al. en los momentos: antes, inmediatamente después de terminada la intervención y un mes de finalizada la misma.Resultados. Los pacientes de los tres grupos de intervención y control eran similares en cuanto a variables demográficas. Los resultados de la prueba de medidas repetidas antes, inmediatamente y un mes después de la intervención mostraron que la media de todas las dimensiones de autoeficacia en los dos grupos de intervención había aumentado significativamente (p<0.05). Mientras que estos cambios no fueron significativos en el grupo de control (p ≥ 0.05). Además, hubo una diferencia significativa en la media de todas las dimensiones de autoeficacia entre los grupos de intervención de TMTD y clases regulares, siendo mayor en TMTD. Conclusión. El TMTD comparado con el método de clases regulares, tuvo un mejor efecto en el aumento de la autoeficacia de los pacientes con EM. Por lo tanto, se sugiere a enfermería utilizar este enfoque educativo para aumentar la autoeficacia de los pacientes.

Objetivo. Determinar o efeito do desenho de ensino colaborativo dos membros da equipe (em inglês: Team Members Teaching Design -TMTD) comparado ao método de aulas regulares na autoeficácia de pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM). Métodos. Ensaio controlado randomizado realizado com a participação de 48 pessoas com esclerose múltipla afiliadas à Sociedade de Esclerose Múltipla de Jahrom (Irã), que foram selecionadas por amostragem aleatória simples e depois distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos, dois grupos de intervenção: TMTD (n=16 ) e método de aula regular (n=16), e um grupo controle (n=16). Foram ministradas seis sessões educativas nos grupos de intervenção (duas por semana); enquanto o grupo de controle não recebeu educação. Foi utilizado o questionário de autoeficácia em SM de Rigby et al. nos momentos: antes, imediatamente após o término da intervenção e um mês após seu término. Resultados. Os pacientes dos três grupos intervenção e controle foram semelhantes em termos de variáveis demográficas. Os resultados do teste de medidas repetidas antes, imediatamente e um mês após a intervenção mostraram que a média de todas as dimensões da autoeficácia nos dois grupos de intervenção aumentou significativamente (p<0.05). Embora essas alterações não tenham sido significativas no grupo controle (p ≥ 0.05). Além disso, houve diferença significativa na média de todas as dimensões de autoeficácia entre os grupos de intervenção TMTD e aulas regulares, sendo maior no TMTD. Conclusão. O TMTD comparado ao método de aula regular teve melhor efeito no aumento da autoeficácia dos pacientes com EM. Portanto, sugere-se que a enfermagem utilize essa abordagem educativa para aumentar a autoeficácia dos pacientes.

ABSTRACT

Gram-negative isolates with multiple beta-lactamase enzymes often possess gene determinants for resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics. The present study evaluates the in-vitro efficacy of ? lactam/non-? lactam antimicrobials against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genotypes from wound infection. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobials against 38 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from wound infection were determined by Vitek 2 ID/AST cards. ESBL genotypes: SHV, TEM, CTX-M, and OXA-10/11 genes were detected by real-time PCR. A correlation was found between ESBL genotypes and its resistance to imipenem and amoxycillin clavulanate that is statistically significant (p-value < 0.005). No statistically significant finding was noted among ESBL genotypes which showed resistance to meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole (p-value > 0.005). About 85.19% ESBL genotypes showed imipenem and meropenem susceptibility (MIC:- 0.025–1 ?g) and to amikacin (MIC:? 2–16 ?g). In 44.44% of ESBL genotypes showed susceptibility to cefepime (MIC: ? 2 ?g) and 7.41% showed cefepime MIC of 4 to 8 ?g (Susceptible Dose-Dependent). The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales have highlighted the need to assess the in-vitro efficacy of non-carbapenem betalactam and non-betalactam therapeutic alternatives to treat ESBL infections. Depending on the MIC of cefepime and susceptibility data of aminoglycosides, cotrimoxazole and fluoroquinolones, these drugs can be considered as carbapenem sparing drug as well as for non bacteremic ESBL therapy.