Evaluation of the impact of binocular versus monocular cataract surgery using Catquest-9SF: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Purpose: This prospective, randomized, unmasked, clinical trial aimed to report the visual outcomes of cataract surgery on both eyes versus cataract surgery on one eye in Brazilian patients. Methods: This study included patients with bilateral cataracts and binocular visual acuity worse than or equal to 0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The patients were randomly assigned to undergo surgery on one (Control Group) or both eyes (one eye at a time; Intervention Group). Postoperatively, self-reported visual function using Catquest-9SF (primary outcome measure), binocular visual acuity, stereopsis, and ocular dominance (secondary outcome measures) were compared. Results: A total of 151 patients (77 and 148 eyes in the Control and Intervention Groups, respectively) completed the follow-up. Patients who underwent surgery on both eyes exhibited significantly better self-reported visual function (p=0.036) and stereopsis (p=0.026) than those who underwent surgery on one eye. Binocular visual acuity and ocular dominance did not affect the group comparisons. Conclusions: Surgery on both eyes resulted in significantly better self-reported visual function and stereopsis than surgery on one eye.

Factores determinantes de extracción de dientes permanentes en pacientes que asisten a hospitales y/o servicios odontológicos / determinant factors in the permanent teeth extractions in patients attending dental hospitals of dental services

Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar los factores determinantes que conducen a la extracción de dientes permanentes en pacientes que asisten a hospitales y/o servicios odontológicos. A través de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica y datos epidemiológicos, se exploran las principales causas de pérdida dental, incluyendo caries, enfermedad periodontal, trauma y factores socioeconómicos. Se discuten las implicaciones clínicas y de salud pública de estos hallazgos, así como estrategias preventivas y terapéuticas para reducir la incidencia de extracciones dentales (AU)

This article aims to identify and analyze the determining factors leading to the extraction of permanent teeth in patients attending hospitals and/or dental services. Through a comprehensive review of scientific literature and epidemiological data, the main causes of tooth loss are explored, including caries, periodontal disease, trauma, and socioeconomic factors. The clinical and public health implications of these findings are discussed, as well as preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce the incidence of dental extractions (AU)

Cryoethanolic Extraction, Purification of Allicin from Allium sativum and HPTLC analysis

The significance of this research extends beyond the mere extraction and purification of allicin, encompassing its potential applications across diverse industries. Allicin exhibits a plethora of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiprotozoal properties. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of thiol-containing enzymes in microorganisms, rendering it effective against a wide array of pathogens. Moreover, allicin has demonstrated promising anticancer properties, eliciting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation in various cancer cell lines. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects underscore its potential therapeutic utility in mitigating cardiovascular diseases and other inflammatory conditions. This study presents a novel method for extracting and purifying allicin from raw garlic cloves. Dry ice ensures the ethanol to reach its cryo temperature (hilled to sub-zero temperatures ranging from -40癈 to -80癈). The process involves the use of ethanol, dry ice and ascorbic acid as solvents, vacuum stirring, and subsequent crystallization. The final product, a hygroscopic powder, was analyzed using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) to determine allicin content. The extraction yielded 5 grams of whitish hygroscopic powder from 21 grams of crude extract, with an allicin content of 5%. Chromatographic conditions included a mobile phase of acetonitrile: water: Formic acid (30:8:2) and derivatization with ninhydrin, with detection under UV light at 366 nm. This method provides an efficient way to isolate and purify allicin for various applications.

Comparative Antioxidant and Phytochemical Evaluation of Selected Varieties of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Leaves

Sree Kiran, Sree Rashmi, Sree Pallavi, and Muktakeshi are the four commonly cultivated varieties of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. The current study aims to perform phytochemical screening and the antioxidant capacity of the leaf extracts of these varieties. Furthermore, LCMS was used to examine the polyphenolic content of Muktakeshi's ethanolic leaf extract. The phytochemical analysis of the cultivars indicated that all extracts contained beneficial phytocompounds like phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The ethanolic leaf extract of Muktakeshi was found to have greater levels of total phenol (39.47±0.47 GAE mg/g) and flavonoid (49.672±0.15 QE mg/g) contents. All the leaf extracts exhibited a moderate antioxidant ability, whereas the ethanolic extract of Muktakeshi exhibited comparatively higher antioxidant potential in both DPPH (88.3±0.58%) and nitric oxide (84.6±0.79%) assays with the least IC50 value. The LCMS studies detected eight polyphenolic compounds like quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin 7-rutinoside, chlorogenic acid, vitexin, and rutin in the ethanolic leaf extract of Muktakeshi. It is a good source of many potentially effective bioactive compounds and helps to prevent human oxidative stress-associated diseases. The present study found considerable variations in the phenol-flavonoid content and antioxidant properties of the Colocasia varieties studied.

Early surprise: managing natal tooth in a 22-day-old infant

The presence of teeth at birth or earlier than expected is a rare phenomenon and can evoke a variety of reactions. Natal teeth are those present at birth, while neonatal teeth appear within the first 30 days after birth, constituting an unusual and rare occurrence. This case report describes the management of a 22-day-old female infant with presence of an excessively mobile tooth in the lower jaw since birth, causing breastfeeding difficulties. The tooth appeared whitish opaque in colour, with grade II mobility. Crown size, shape, and appearance were similar to normal teeth. Due to the association of natal teeth with breastfeeding discomfort, extraction was recommended. No vitamin K prophylaxis was administered as the baby had achieved normal safe levels. Topical anesthesia was applied, and the tooth was extracted using primary anterior forceps. Hemostasis was achieved with sterile cotton gauze, and the patient was discharged post-extraction.

Efecto de tres métodos de extracción en el rendimiento, actividad antioxidante, fenoles totales y estabilidad de extractos de hojas de Plectranthus amboinicus / Effect of three extraction methods on yield, antioxidant activity, total phenols, and stability of extracts from Plectranthus amboinicus leaves

Resumen: Los métodos de extracción de fitoquímicos convencionales presentan bajos rendimientos o largos tiempos de proceso. El ultrasonido ofrece alternativas para incrementar el rendimiento en extractos vegetales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de tres métodos de extracción en rendimiento, composición de compuestos fenólicos, actividad antioxidante y estabilidad de extractos de hojas de Plectranthus amboinicus (oreganón). Los métodos de extracción usados fueron: convencional con agitación (EC), asistida con baño de ultrasonidos (EABU) y asistida con sonda de ultrasonido (EASU). Se usó una proporción 1:10 (p/v) orégano:etanol a 35 ± 2 °C. Los rendimientos se calcularon como materia seca del extracto (% ms). Se usó un modelo de pseudo-segundo orden para ajustar las curvas de extracción experimentales de los tres métodos y obtener los parámetros cinéticos. Se determinaron compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT) y actividad antioxidante (AA) mediante los métodos de Folin-Ciocalteau y DPPH, respectivamente. Se evalúo la estabilidad del CFT y AA durante el almacenamiento. La EASU aumentó 33.93 % el rendimiento en los extractos con respecto a EC. La mayor concentración de CFT (P ≤ 0.05) se obtuvo mediante EABU (10.32 mg EAG/ms) y para AA mediante EC (19.43 mg ET/g ms). El modelo cinético de pseudo-segundo orden ajustó adecuadamente las cinéticas experimentales. La constante de velocidad (k) de CFT más alta fue de 0.016 g ms/mg EAG·min para la EASU, siendo esta técnica la que demostró una disminución significativa de AA con respecto al tiempo de extracción. Los CFT de los extractos obtenidos mediante EABU, EASU y EC (3.7 mg EAG/g ms, 4.4 mg EAG/g ms y 7.2 mg EAG/g ms, respectivamente), al igual que la AA se mantuvieron estables y sin cambios significativos (P ≥ 0.05) durante los 34 d de almacenamiento, mostrando nuevamente la ventaja de utilizar la técnica extractiva de ultrasonidos, en función del tiempo.

Abstract: Conventional phytochemicals extraction methods have shown low yields or very long processing times for obtaining. The ultrasound offers alternatives to increase the yields of plant extracts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three extraction methods on the yield, phenolic compound composition, antioxidant activity and stability of Plectranthus amboinicus (oregano) leaf extracts. The extraction methods used were: conventional heat-assisted extraction (CE), ultrasound water bath assisted (UBAE) and ultrasound probe assisted extraction (UPAE). A 1:10 (w/v) oregano:ethanol ratio was used at 35 ± 2 °C. Yields were calculated as extract dry matter (% ms). A pseudo-second-order model was used to fit the experimental extraction curves of the three methods and obtain the kinetic parameters. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) were determined by Folin-Ciocal-teau and DPPH methods, respectively. The stability of TPC and AA was evaluated during storage. UPAE increased 33.93 % yield in extracts concerning CE. The highest concentration of CFT (P ≤ 0.05) was obtained by UBAE (10.32 mg EAG/ms) and for AA by CE (19.43 mg ET/g ms). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model adequately fitted the experimental kinetics. The highest TPC rate constant (k) was 0.016 g ms/mg EAG·min, for UPAE, this technique being the one that demonstrated a significant decrease in AA with respect to extraction time. The TPC of the extracts obtained by UBAE, UPAE and CE (3.7 mg EAG/g dms, 4.4 mg EAG/g dms and 7.2 mg EAG/g ms, respectively), as well as the AA remained stable and without significant changes (P ≥ 0.05) during the 34 d of storage, again showing the advantage of using the ultrasound extractive technique, as a function of time.

Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Medicamentos y Anticuerpos Monoclonales. Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura y Propuesta para la Prevención y Manejo en un Procedimiento de Exodoncia

El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática consistió en la búsqueda de medidas preventivas y de tratamiento de osteonecrosis asociada a medicamentos y anticuerpos monoclonales para proponer un nuevo protocolo en caso de ser necesario. Esta revisión bibliográfica se realizó en PubMed/MedLine, Cochrane, SciELO y EBSCO; delimitando la búsqueda desde el 1 de enero de 2017 al 22 de septiembre de 2022. Se incluyeron un total de 8 artículos. A pesar de que se incluyó la mayor cantidad de evidencia certera se obtuvieron resultados no significativos, actualmente hay un protocolo de la Asociación Americana de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial sin embargo se necesita más evidencia clínica.

The objective of this systematic review was to search for preventive and treatment measures for osteonecrosis associated with medications and monoclonal antibodies to propose a new protocol if necessary. This literature review was conducted in PubMed/MedLine, Cochrane, SciELO, and EBSCO; limiting the search from January 1, 2017 to September 22, 2022. A total of 8 articles were included. Although the greatest amount of accurate evidence was included, non-significant results were obtained. There is currently a protocol from the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, however, more clinical evidence is needed.

Extracción de electrodo intracardiaco ubicado en la vena interventricular posterior, con vaina de corte rotacional mecánica, en paciente con vena cava superior izquierda persistente / Extraction of intracardiac electrode located in the posterior interventricular vein, with a mechanical rotational cutting sheath, in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava

Resumen El uso de dispositivos cardiacos implantables ha aumentado en los últimos años, lo que ha generado un aumento en el número de procedimientos de extracción de electrodos a medida que se intervienen pacientes con un mayor número de comorbilidades. En la actualidad, la técnica percutánea de extracción es de elección en la mayoría de los pacientes debido a los excelentes resultados alcanzados y a una morbi-mortalidad asociada inferior a la de la extracción quirúrgica. No obstante, algunos pacientes pueden presentar retos que aumentan el grado de dificultad técnica del procedimiento, entre los que se encuentran variantes anatómicas, calcificaciones extensas o la necesidad de extraer electrodos de fijación pasiva. Se expone el caso de la extracción de un electrodo disfuncionante en una paciente portadora de marcapasos por bloqueo auriculoventricular completo, con estimulación diafragmática por electrodo ventricular de fijación pasiva implantado a través de una vena cava superior izquierda persistente en una vena posterolateral del seno coronario.

Abstract The use of cardiac electronic devices has increased over the last decades, which has generated an increase in the number of electrode extraction procedures, as a greater number of patients with multiple comorbidities undergo cardiac electronic device implantation. Currently, the percutaneous technique is preferable in most patients, given its excellent clinical results and lower morbidity and mortality compared to surgical extraction. Nonetheless, some clinical scenarios increase procedural difficulty, including anatomical variants, or the need to extract passive fixation leads. We present a case of a patient with pacemaker due to complete atrioventricular block, with diaphragmatic stimulation caused by a passive fixation ventricular electrode that was implanted in a posterolateral vein of the coronary sinus through a persistent left superior vena cava, who underwent successful transvenous lead extraction.

Aceite esencial de hojas de Minthostachys mollis [HBK] Griseb. del Ecuador: extracción, composición química, capacidad antioxidante y actividad antimicrobiana / Essential oil of Minthostachys mollis [HBK] Griseb. leaves from Ecuador: extraction, chemical composition, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity

The aim of this study was to optimize by response surface design, the extraction of the leaf essential oil (EO) from Minthostachys mollis [HBK] Griseb., grown in Ecuador, using steam distillation. The factors used were extraction time (XTIE) of 60, 105 and 150 min and plant material/water ratio (XRMA) of 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. The optimal combination was reached with XRMA 1:5 and XTIE 150 min, obtaining a process yield of 0.67%. The chemical composition of the EO analyzed by GC - MS was determined, where the main compounds were carvacryl acetate (44.01%), carvacrol (16.51%) and menthone (8.20%). The anti oxidant capacity of EO was evaluated using the FRAP and ABTS methodologies, with an IC 50 243.21 µmol Fe 2+ /g and 0.12 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of EO was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella enterica , Escherich ia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .

El objetivo del estudio fue optimizar, mediante un diseño de superficie respuesta, la extracción d el aceite esencial (AE) de hojas de Minthostachys mollis [HBK] Griseb. del Ecuador, mediante destilación por arrastre de vapor. Los factores fueron el tiempo de extracción (XTIE) de 60, 105 y 150 min, y relación de material vegetal/ agua destilada (XRMA) d e 1:3, 1:4 y 1:5. La combinación óptima se logró con XTIE 150 min y XRMA 1:5 para un rendimiento de 0,67%. Se determinó la composición química del AE por GC - MS donde los compuestos mayoritarios fueron acetato de carvacrilo (44,01%), carvacrol (16,51%) y me ntona (8,20%). Se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante del AE por las metodologías FRAP y ABTS, con CI 50 de 243,21 µmol Fe 2+ /g y 0,12 mg/mL, respectivamente. Además, se demostró la actividad antimicrobiana contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella enterica , Es cherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus .

Association between hyperglycemia and post-exodontia complications in patients with type ii diabetes mellitus: a scoping review / Asociación entre hiperglucemia y complicaciones post-exodoncia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo ii: scoping review

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic metabolic disorder worldwide, with Type II DM (T2DM) emerging as the most widespread variant. In Chile, approximately 11% of adults aged 20 to 79 suffer from this condition. Given its high prevalence, dental surgeons should be trained to evaluate risk factors, particularly the potential complications linked to tooth extraction in individuals with T2DM. Objetive: To describe the available scientific evidence on post-exodontia complications associated with hyperglycemia in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: An exploratory systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR extension protocols using the databases PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. The search employed the following algorithms: (("Diabetic patient complications" AND "Dental extractions")), (("Diabetes" AND "tooth extraction")), (("Glycemia" AND "Tooth extraction complications"), (("Blood glucose" AND "Tooth extractions"), (("Dental extraction sockets" AND "Diabetics"). Results: Out of a total of 973 articles, 25 were included for this review. Six relevance criteria were considered, revealing safety parameters for conducting extractions in patients with T2DM, with capillary blood glucose levels not exceeding 200 mg/dL for elective extractions and 240 mg/dL for emergency extractions. Conclusions: There is limited evidence correlating threshold values of hyperglycemia with post-extraction complications in patients with T2DM. Most authors agree that the primary concern is not T2DM itself, but hyperglycemia. Furthermore, there is minimal consistency in the recommended care protocols for these patients.

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus (DM) es un trastorno metabólico crónico. A nivel mundial, la DM tipo II (DM2) resulta ser la más frecuente. En Chile, un 11% de la población adulta entre los 20 y 79 años la padece. Su alta prevalencia, requiere de un cirujano dentista preparado para valorar los factores de riesgo, como las posibles complicaciones asociadas a la extracción dental en estos pacientes. Objetivo: Describir la evidencia científica disponible sobre complicaciones post-exodoncia asociadas a hiperglicemia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria bajo los protocolos de extensión PRISMA-ScR utilizando las bases de datos, PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus y Cochrane Library con los algoritmos de búsqueda (("Diabetic patient complications" AND "Dental extractions")), (("Diabetes"AND "Tooth extraction")), (("Glycemia" AND "tooth extraction complications")), (("Blood glucose" AND "Tooth extractions")), (("Dental extraction sockets"AND "Diabetics")). Resultado: De un total de 973 artículos se incluyeron 25 artículos para esta revisión. Se consideraron 6 criterios de pertinencia, los cuales mostraron parámetros de seguridad para realizar exodoncias, en pacientes con DM2, con la glucemia capilar no mayor a 200mg/dl en caso de ser electiva y 240 mg/dl en exodoncia de urgencias. Conclusión: Existe poca evidencia que correlacione valores absolutos de hiperglucemia y complicaciones post exodoncia en pacientes con DM2. La mayoría de los autores concuerda en que el problema no es la DM2, sino la hiperglucemia. Existe poca uniformidad en los protocolos de atención recomendados para estos pacientes.

Experiencia de parto instrumental con vacuum en Hospital Público de Santiago de Chile / Experience of vacuum-assisted instrumental delivery in a Public Hospital in Santiago, Chile

Introducción: El vacuum es el instrumento de elección para asistir el parto instrumental en países desarrollados. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es exponer los resultados maternos y fetales del uso del vacuum en población chilena y promover su disponibilidad y uso en nuestro país y Latinoamérica. Método: El estudio se realizó entre octubre de 2017 y diciembre de 2021, incluyendo a pacientes que tuvieron parto instrumental con vacuum en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de Chile. Se compararon los partos exitosos con vacuum y los partos en los que se requirió el uso de otro instrumento o una cesárea posterior al uso del instrumento. Resultados: Se realizaron 153 vacuum, correspondientes al 28,59% del total de partos instrumentales. El 79,74% tuvo éxito. El 5,88% no recibió anestesia o se aplicó anestesia local. Solo el 3,27% presentó desgarro perineal con compromiso del esfínter anal. El 91,5% de los recién nacidos no tuvieron complicaciones fetales. Un 20,3% requirió reanimación neonatal. Conclusiones: El estudio muestra que el vacuum es una opción segura y efectiva de parto instrumental en nuestra población. La correcta capacitación y protocolos adecuados son necesarios para garantizar resultados exitosos.

Introduction: Vacuum extraction is the instrument of choice for assisting instrumental delivery in developed countries. Objective: The aim of the study is to present the maternal and fetal outcomes of vacuum use in the Chilean population and promote its availability and usage in our country and Latin America. Method: The study was performed between October 2017 and December 2021, including patients who underwent instrumental delivery with a vacuum extraction at the Hospital San Juan de Dios in Chile. Successful vacuum deliveries were compared with deliveries where another instrument was required, or a cesarean section was performed after instrument use. Results: A total of 153 vacuum deliveries were carried out, accounting for 28.59% of all instrumental deliveries. 79.74% were successful. 5.88% did not receive anesthesia or received local anesthesia. Only 3.27% experienced perineal tear with involvement of the anal sphincter. 91.5% of newborns had no fetal complications. 20.3% required neonatal resuscitation. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the vacuum is a safe and effective option for instrumental delivery in our population. Proper training and appropriate protocols are necessary to ensure successful outcomes.

Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy: reliability and sensitivity among different endurance cycling exercise intensities

The present study investigated the reliability and sensitivity of a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (wNIRS) device in moderate and heavy exercise intensity domains. On three separate days, eleven males performed an incremental test to exhaustion, and in the following visits, four submaximal constant-load bouts (i.e., test and retest) were performed in the moderate-intensity domain (100 and 130 W) and heavy-intensity domain (160 and 190 W). The local tissue oxygen saturation index (SmO2) and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2) were measured continuously. The absolute SmO2 and V̇O2 values and the change (Δ) from the 3rd to 6th min of exercise were calculated. There was good reliability for SmO2 measurements, as indicated by the high intraclass correlation coefficient analysis (ICC ≥0.84 for all) and low coefficient of variation between the two trials (CV ≤4.1% for all). Steady-state responses were observed for SmO2 and V̇O2 from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two moderate-intensity bouts (P>0.05), whereas SmO2 decreased and V̇O2 increased from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two heavy-intensity bouts (P<0.05). Together, these findings suggested that the SmO2 measured with a wNIRS device is reliable and sensitive to track local metabolic changes provoked by slight increments in exercise intensity.

La desaferentación dental como factor etiológico de disfunciones gustativas en ratas Wistar machos / Dental deafferentation as an etiologic factor of taste dysfunction in male Wistar rats / A surdeferentação dentária como fator etiológico das disfunções gustativas em ratos Wistar machos

RESUMEN Objetivo : Evaluar la influencia de la desaferentación dental (DD) en el sentido del gusto de ratas Wistar machos mediante el test de reactividad gustativa (TRG). Materiales y métodos : Estudio experimental, siguiendo las directrices de ARRIVE 2.0, realizado en diez ratas Wistar. Se las aleatorizó y asignó en un grupo control o en un grupo experimental, y se implantaron cánulas para el TRG en ambos grupos. En el grupo experimental se realizó exodoncias de los tres molares superiores del lado derecho. Al tercer día se inició el TRG (día 1) mediante la infusión de 1 M de una sustancia dulce (ingestiva) y 3 mM de una sustancia amarga (aversiva), a razón de 1 mL en 1 minuto. Este TRG se repitió los días 7, 14 y 21. Se puntuó las respuestas ingestivas y aversivas durante 1 minuto. Los datos fueron procesados en el paquete estadístico SPSS v. 26. Se usó la prueba U de Mann-Withney para identificar las diferencias; y la magnitud de la diferencia se calculó mediante la r de Rosenthal. Resultados : Se obtuvo respuestas ingestivas a sacarosa el día 1 (p > 0,05); en los otros días se obtuvo respuestas diferentes: día 7 (p = 0,05), día 14 (p = 0,009) y día 21 (p = 0,009). Asimismo, se obtuvo respuestas aversivas a benzoato de denatonio (BD) los días 1, 7 y 21 (p > 0,05); esto fue diferente el día 14 (p = 0,05). Conclusiones : Se encontró una diferencia en las medianas de las respuestas ingestivas a sacarosa y aversivas a BD en ratas Wistar machos a consecuencia de la DD.

ABSTRACT Objective : To evaluate the influence of dental deafferentation (DD) on the sense of taste in male Wistar rats using the taste reactivity test (TRG). Materials and methods : An experimental study was conducted on ten Wistar rats, following ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. They were randomized and assigned to a control or experimental group, and both groups' cannulae for the TRG were implanted. In the experimental group, exodontia of the three upper molars on the right side was performed. On the third day, GRT was started (day 1) by infusing 1 M of a sweet substance (ingestive) and 3 mM of a bitter substance (aversive) at a rate of 1 mL in 1 minute. This TRG was repeated on days 7, 14, and 21. Ingestive and aversive responses were scored for 1 minute. The data were processed in the SPSS v. 26 statistical package. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to identify differences, and the magnitude of the difference was calculated using Rosenthal's r. Results : Ingestive responses to sucrose were obtained on day 1 (p > 0.05); different responses were obtained on the other days: day 7 (p = 0.05), day 14 (p = 0.009), and day 21 (p = 0.009). Likewise, aversive responses to denatonium benzoate (BD) were obtained on days 1, 7, and 21 (p > 0.05); this was different on day 14 (p = 0.05). Conclusions : We found a difference in median ingestive responses to sucrose and aversive responses to BD in male Wistar rats due to DD.

RESUMO Objetivo : Avaliar a influência da surdeferentação dentária (DD) no sentido do paladar de ratos Wistar machos através do teste de reatividade gustativa (TRG). Materiais e métodos : Estudo experimental, seguindo as diretrizes ARRIVE 2.0, realizado em dez ratos Wistar. Estes foram aleatorizados e atribuídos a um grupo de controlo ou a um grupo experimental, tendo sido implantadas cânulas para TRG em ambos os grupos. No grupo experimental, foi efetuada a exodontia dos três molares superiores do lado direito. No terceiro dia, iniciou-se a TRG (dia 1) com a infusão de 1 M de uma substância doce (ingestiva) e 3 mM de uma substância amarga (aversiva), na velocidade de 1 mL em 1 minuto. Esse TRG foi repetido nos dias 7, 14 e 21. As respostas ingestivas e aversivas foram avaliadas durante 1 minuto. Os dados foram processados no pacote estatístico SPSS v. 26. O teste U de Mann-Withney foi usado para identificar diferenças; e a magnitude da diferença foi calculada usando o r de Rosenthal. Resultados : As respostas ingestivas à sacarose foram obtidas no dia 1 (p > 0,05); foram obtidas respostas diferentes no dia 7 (p = 0,05), no dia 14 (p = 0,009) e no dia 21 (p = 0,009). Também se obtiveram respostas aversivas ao benzoato de denatónio (BD) nos dias 1, 7 e 21 (p > 0,05); estas foram diferentes no dia 14 (p = 0,05). Conclusões : Foi encontrada uma diferença nas respostas ingestivas medianas à sacarose e nas respostas aversivas ao BD em ratos Wistar machos como resultado da DD.

Exodontia de supranumerário paramolar e de primeiro molar com destruição coronária em região de maxila: relato de caso / Extraction of a supernumerary paramolar and first molar with coronary destruction in the maxilla area: case report

Os dentes supranumerários são descritos como uma espécie de anomalia dentária, determinada pela formação de dentes além daqueles pertencentes à dentição convencional, que geralmente promovem complicações na cavidade oral. Diversos fatores etiológicos podem estar relacionados e de acordo com sua localização, são classificados em mesiodens, distomolar e paramolar. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar e descrever a exodontia de um elemento supranumerário paramolar em região de maxila, bem como a remoção cirúrgica do primeiro molar com destruição coronária em região subjacente, através de um relato de caso. Paciente E.M.J., sexo feminino, 38 anos de idade, ASA 1, procurou atendimento odontológico devido à queixa principal de dor em região do 1° molar superior esquerdo. Ao exame físico e radiográfico, foi observada grande destruição coronária do elemento 26 associado a uma fístula intraoral, além da presença de dente supranumerário paramolar na região vestibular do dente 26. O tratamento preconizado foi a remoção cirúrgica de ambos elementos e a paciente evoluiu sem intercorrências no pós-operatório. Desta maneira, pode-se concluir que a remoção cirúrgica de dente supranumerário paramolar e de unidade dentária com grande destruição coronária por lesão cariosa, mostrou-se uma alternativa segura e eficaz no presente caso.

Supernumerary teeth are described as a kind of dental anomaly, determined by the teeth´s formation other than those belonging to the conventional dentition, which generally promote complications in the oral cavity. Several etiological factors may be related and, according to their location, they are classified into mesiodens, distomolar and paramolar. This study aims to present and describe the extraction of a paramolar supernumerary element in the maxillary region, as well as the surgical removal of the first molar with coronary destruction in the underlying region, through a case report. Patient E.M.J., female, 38 years old, ASA 1, sought dental care due to the main complaint of pain in the region of the upper left 1st molar. At the clinical and radiographic examination, a great coronal destruction of element 26 associated with a intraoral fistula was observed, in addition to the presence of a supernumerary paramolar tooth on the buccal side of tooth 26. The recommended treatment was the surgical removal of both elements and the patient evolved uneventfully in the post-operative. Thus, it can be concluded that the surgical removal of a supernumerary paramolar tooth and a dental unit with great coronary destruction due to a carious lesion proved to be a safe and effective alternative in the present case.

Optimization of ethanol extraction process for Yihuang powder by orthogonal experiment combined with AHP and GA-BP neural network / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To optimize ethanol extraction process of Yihuang powder. METHODS An orthogonal experiment was designed by reflux extraction with ethanol volume fraction， liquid-to-material ratio， and extraction time as investigation factors. The parameters used were the contents of hesperidin， nobiletin， tangeretin， gallic acid， chebulagic acid， chebulinic acid， liquiritin， glycyrrhizin， eugenol， and the paste-forming rate. The analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to calculate the comprehensive score. The optimal ethanol extraction process parameters of Yihuang powder were determined by verifying the results predicted by orthogonal experiment and genetic algorithm （GA）-back propagation neural network （BP neural network）. RESULTS The optimal ethanol extraction process parameters， as optimized by orthogonal experiment， were as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 60%， liquid-solid ratio of 14∶1 （mL/g)， extraction time of 90 min， and extraction for 2 times. The comprehensive score obtained by verification was 79.19. Meanwhile， the optimal ethanol extraction process parameters， optimized by GA-BP neural network， were ethanol volume fraction of 65%， liquid-solid ratio of 14∶1 （mL/g )， extraction time of 60 min， and extraction for 2 times. The comprehensive score obtained by verification was 85.30， higher than the results obtained from orthogonal experiment. CONCLUSIONS The optimization method of orthogonal experiment combined with GA-BP neural network is superior to the traditional orthogonal experiment optimization method. The optimized ethanol extraction process of Yihuang powder is stable and reliable.

Evaluation of the treatment effect on sinus elevation and implant restoration in cases with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis after tooth extraction / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinical effects of sinus elevation surgery and implant restorationdue to insufficient bone massafter tooth extraction in patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) and to provide a reference for use in clinical practice.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Forty-five teeth were extracted from patients with OMS in the maxillary posterior area (the study group). Sinus elevation and implantation were performed due to insufficient bone height in the implant area 6-8 months after tooth extraction in the study group. Forty-eight teeth were extracted from patients without "OMS" in the maxillary posterior area (the control group), and sinus elevation and implantation were performed due to insufficient bone height in the implant area 6-8 months after tooth extraction inthe control group. In the study group, 13 cases of discontinuous maxillary sinus floor bone and residual alveolar bone height of the maxillary sinus floor less than 4 mm were addressed with lateral wall sinus elevation, and the other 32 cases were addressed with crest-approach sinus elevation. In the control group, 8 cases of residual alveolar bone height less than 4 mm in the maxillary sinus floor were addressed with lateral wall sinus,and the other 40 cases were addressed with crest approach sinus elevation. Restorations were placed 6 to 8 months after surgery. The patients were followed up 21 days, 3 months, and 8 months after implantation and every 6 months after the placement of the restorations. The sinus bone gain (SBG), apical bone height (ABL) and marginal bone loss (MBL) were statistically analyzed 24 months after the restoration.@*Results@#The average preoperative mucosal thickness in the 45 patients in the study group was (1.556 ± 0.693) mm, which was significantly larger than that in the control group (1.229 ± 0.425) mm (P<0.001). There were no perforations in either group. Twenty-four months after restoration, there was no significant difference in the SBG, ABH or MBL between the two groups (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#After the extraction of teeth from patients with OMS, the inflammation of the maxillary sinus decreased, and the bone height and density in the edentulous area were restored to a certain degree. The effects of sinus floor lifting surgery and implant restoration do not differ between patients with and without OMS.

Effect of small incision lenticule extraction on the treatment of myopia patients and the impact on corneal biomechanics / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the effect of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)on the treatment of myopia patients, and the impact on corneal biomechanics.METHODS:Retrospective study. A total of 120 myopic patients(240 eyes)who were scheduled to undergo corneal refractive surgery in Anyang Eye Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected. The patients were divided into SMILE group(64 patients, 128 eyes)and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TransPRK)group(56 patients, 112 eyes)according to the surgical treatment method. The two groups were compared in terms of uncorrected visual acuity, corneal biomechanics, corneal endothelial cell count, posterior corneal surface height and corneal surface regularity index at 1, 7 d, 1, 3, 6 mo and 1 a after surgery, and surgical complications.RESULTS:The uncorrected visual acuity of the SMILE group at 1, 7 d and 1 mo after surgery was better than that of the TransPRK group(all P&#x003C;0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at 3, 6 mo and 1 a after surgery(all P&#x003E;0.05). Compared with preoperative values, corneal-compensated intraocular pressure, Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure, corneal resistance factor, and corneal hysteresis in both groups showed a first decreasing and then increasing trend after surgery. The corneal-compensated intraocular pressure, Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure, corneal resistance factor, and corneal hysteresis in the SMILE group at 1, 7 d and 1 mo after surgery were higher than those in the TransPRK group(all P&#x003C;0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at 3, 6 mo and 1 a after surgery(all P&#x003E;0.05). There were no significant changes of corneal endothelial cell count and corneal posterior surface height in the two groups after surgery(all P&#x003E;0.05). Furthermore, corneal surface regularity index of the two groups showed a first increasing and then decreasing trend after surgery, with no statistically significant difference between the groups(P&#x003E;0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the groups(P&#x003E;0.05).CONCLUSION:Compared with TransPRK, SMILE has less influence on corneal biomechanics, and better visual recovery in the early stage. There is no difference in long-term visual acuity between the two surgeries, and both have good safety and effectiveness.

Small incision lenticule extraction for the treatment of myopic anisometropia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the clinical effect of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)on the treatment of myopic anisometropia.METHODS: Clinical data of 76 patients(146 eyes)with myopic anisometropia who received SMILE or femtosecond assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into SMILE group(39 cases, 77 eyes)and FS-LASIK group(37 cases, 69 eyes)according to surgical methods. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), diopter, anisometropia, corneal aberration and occurrence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: The UCVA of the two groups was improved after surgery compared with that before surgery, and the coma, trefoil, spherical aberration and total higher-order aberration were significantly increased compared to those before surgery(P&#x003C;0.05), and the coma, trefoil, spherical aberration and total higher-order aberration in the FS-LASIK group were significantly higher than those in the SMILE group(P&#x003C;0.05). After follow-up to 3 mo after surgery, the incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the SMILE group than that in the FS-LASIK group(5.2% vs 15.9%, P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Both SMILE and FS-LASIK can effectively enhance the UCVA and improve the visual quality in patients with myopic anisometropia, but SMILE has lower corneal higher order aberrations, lower incidence of postoperative complications and better overall effect.

Optimization of water extraction technology of Xiangqin jiere granules by orthogonal design based on G1-entropy weight compared with BP neural network / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE Optimizing the water extraction technology of Xiangqin jiere granules. METHODS The orthogonal test of 3 factors and 3 levels was designed， and comprehensive scoring was conducted for the above indexes by using G1-entropy weight to obtain the optimized water extraction technology of Xiangqin jiere granules with water addition ratio， extraction time and extraction times as factors， using the contents of forsythoside A， baicalin， phillyrin， oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glycoside， wogonoside， baicalein and wogonin， and extraction rate as evaluation indexes. BP neural network modeling was used to optimize the network model and water extraction process using the results of 9 groups of orthogonal tests as test and training data， the water addition multiple， decocting time and extraction times as input nodes， and the comprehensive score as output nodes. Then the two analysis methods were compared by verification test to find the best water extraction process parameters. RESULTS The water extraction technology optimized by the orthogonal test was 8-fold water， extracting 3 times， extracting for 1 h each time. Comprehensive score was 96.84 （RSD＝0.90%）. The optimal water extraction technology obtained by BP neural network modeling included 12-fold water， extracting 4 times， extracting for 0.5 h each time. The comprehensive score was 92.72 （RSD＝0.77%）， which was slightly lower than that of the orthogonal test. CONCLUSIONS The water extraction technology of Xiangqin jiere granules is optimized successfully in the study， which includes adding 8-fold water， extracting 3 times， and extracting for 1 hour each time.

Clinical effect of cross positioning method for correcting low and moderate astigmatism during small incision lenticule extraction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of using the cross-positioning method for correcting low and moderate astigmatism during small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)surgery with Alpins vector analysis.METHODS: A total of 50 patients(81 eyes)with low and moderate astigmatism with the rule ≤1.50 D who underwent SMILE surgery at the laser myopia treatment center of Xi'an No.1 Hospital from May 2022 to November 2022 were included in the prospective randomized controlled study, and they were divided into two groups according to the random table, with 25 case(41 eyes)in cross-positioning group and 25 cases(40 eyes)in control group. In the cross-positioning group, the patients' head position was adjusted based on the cross intersection lines before the standard SMILE procedure, aligning the lateral canthi with the horizontal line and the midpoint of the eyebrows and the nose bridge with the vertical line. Postoperative visual acuity and refractive results at 3 mo were observed in both groups, and astigmatic changes were analyzed and evaluated using the Alpins vector analysis method.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 6 cases(11 eyes)in the cross-positioning group were lost to follow-up, while in the control group, 8 cases(14 eyes)were lost to follow-up, with 19 cases(30 eyes)and 17 cases(26 eyes)finally included in the cross-positioning group and the control group, respectively. At 3 mo postoperatively, the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)of both groups' operated eyes was ≥1.0, and no serious complications occurred, with no significant differences in UCVA, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical power, and spherical equivalent between the cross-positioning group and the control group(all P&#x0026;#x003E;0.05). The cylindrical power in the cross-positioning group was 0.00(0.00, 0.00)D, which was lower than -0.13(-0.50, 0.00)D in the control group(P=0.01). The vector analysis results showed that the difference vector(DV)in the cross-positioning group was lower than that in the control group [0.00(0.00, 0.00)vs 0.13(0.00, 0.50), P=0.01], and the index of success(IOS)was better than that of the control group [0.00(0.00, 0.00)vs 0.18(0.00, 0.77), P&#x0026;#x003C;0.01]. At 3 mo postoperatively, 26(87%)and 15(58%)eyes in the cross-positioning group and control groups achieved an angle of error(AE)within ±5°, respectively.CONCLUSION: The cross positioning method was used to calibrate the patients' head position during SMILE surgery, which reduced the axial position error and improved the accuracy of SMILE in correcting low and moderate astigmatism.