ABSTRACT
Objective To develop two-grille latrines with the effect of non-hazardous treatment. Methods According to the result of the pretest, one type of two-grille latrines was selected and constructed and its effect of non-hazardous treatment was evaluated. Results The faces-treatment pool, with cement-prefab structure and obturation, had a total cubage of 1.32 m3. The average total amount of faces in the pool was 1.05 m3 per family per month, and the pool could store the faces for over 34 days. The “reaching criteria rate” of the parasite ova sediment and the value of the fecal coliform bacteria were 100% among the excrement in the outlet. Conclusions The prefab two-grille latrines can reach the criteria of non-hazardous treatment, and they can be used in well-off rural areas without the usage of manure.
ABSTRACT
Both monitoring of occupational hazards and assessment of healthy effects on VDT operators were made. The results showed that there were several occupational hazards in VDT,including insalubrious microclimate and air ion condition, lower illuminance, higher noise, some doses of x-radiation, and unfitting ergonomics. The healthy effects of the hazards of the VDT mainly involved the operator's nervous system, psychology and behavior, eyes, musculoskeletal system as well as the woman operator's menses and pregnancy, especially in the 18 to 25 age bracket who had more VDT work hours than that of the others, it suggested that the various preventive measures against the hazards of the VDT must be strengthened.