Percepção do vínculo parental e variáveis associadas ao apego materno-fetal na gestação de alto risco

Este estudo investigou os efeitos da percepção do vínculo parental, variáveis sociodemográficas e gestacionais na intensidade do apego materno-fetal (AMF) no contexto de gestação de alto risco. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e transversal com 119 participantes. Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal - Versão Breve e o Parental Bonding Instrument. Os resultados da análise de regressão linear múltipla foram estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,05). O modelo final explicou 28,7 % da variância do AMF e foi composto pelas variáveis de superproteção paterna, cuidado paterno, idade da mulher, idade gestacional e suporte do pai do bebê. Reitera-se que a intensidade do AMF é multideterminada, envolvendo aspectos da história de vida, sociais e situacionais. A percepção da mulher acerca do vínculo paterno durante sua infância e adolescência e o apoio do pai do bebê no período gestacional destacam-se como fatores influentes para a vinculação materno-fetal, indicando a importância do envolvimento paterno ao longo do ciclo vital. São pontuadas implicações para a prática profissional, bem como limitações e recomendações de estudos futuros.

Este estudio investigó los efectos de la percepción del vínculo parental, las variables sociodemográficas y gestacionales en la intensidad del apego materno-fetal (AMF) en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo y transversal con 119 participantes. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal-Versión Breve y el Instrumento de Vínculo Parental. Los resultados del análisis de regresión lineal múltiple fueron estadísticamente significativos (p < .05). El modelo final explicó el 28.7 % de la varianza del AMF y estuvo compuesto por las variables de sobreprotección paterna, cuidado paterno, edad de la mujer, edad gestacional y apoyo del padre del bebé. Se reitera que la intensidad del AMF es multideterminada, lo que involucra aspectos de la historia de vida, sociales y situacionales. La percepción de la mujer sobre el vínculo paternal durante su infancia y adolescencia, así como el apoyo del padre del bebé durante el período gestacional, destacan como factores influyentes en el apego materno-fetal, lo que indica la importancia de la participación paterna a lo largo del ciclo vital. Se puntualizan implicaciones para la práctica profesional, así como limitaciones y recomendaciones para estudios futuros.

This study investigated the effects of perceived parental bonding, sociodemographic and gestational variables on the intensity of maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) in the context of high-risk pregnancies. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study involving 119 participants. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale-Brief Version, and the Parental Bonding Instrument were administered. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis were statistically significant (p < .05). The final model explained 28.7 % of the variance in MFA and included the variables of paternal overprotection, paternal care, maternal age, gestational age, and the support from the baby's father. We emphasize that MFA intensity is multidetermined, involving aspects of life history, social, and situational factors. The woman's perception of paternal bonding during her childhood and adolescence, as well as the support from the baby's father during the gestational period, are highlighted as influential factors for maternal-fetal attachment, indicating the importance of paternal involvement throughout the life cycle. Implications for professional practice, as well as limitations and recommendations for future studies are discussed.

Assistência pré-natal às usuárias de substâncias psicoativas: dificuldades elencadas pelos profissionais da saúde / Prenatal care for users of psychoactive substances: difficulties listed by health professionals / Atención prenatal a consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas: dificultades mencionadas por los profesionales de la salud

Objetivo: conhecer as dificuldades elencadas pelos profissionais de saúde na assistência pré-natal às usuárias de substâncias psicoativas. Método: estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, realizado nas mídias sociais, com profissionais da área da saúde que realizam atendimento pré-natal. A coleta de dados ocorreu de novembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023 por meio de questionário eletrônico. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise temática. Protocolo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: os profissionais destacam o déficit de conhecimento para abordar este público em específico. A abordagem superficial e condenatória do uso de substâncias pelas políticas públicas corrobora para que os profissionais se sintam preparados em parte para atender essas gestantes. Considerações finais: a capacitação dos profissionais é necessária para superar práticas condenatórias e retrógradas de cuidado que focam unicamente a abstinência; como também, o investimento na capacitação acerca da rede de atenção à saúde, buscando ampliar sua visibilidade e utilização.

Objective: understanding the difficulties listed by health professionals in prenatal care for users of psychoactive substances. Method: this is a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study carried out on social media with health professionals who provide prenatal care. Data was collected from November 2022 to January 2023 using an electronic questionnaire. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Protocol approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: the professionals highlight the lack of knowledge to deal with this specific public. The superficial and condemnatory approach to substance use by public policies contributes to making professionals feel partly prepared to deal with these pregnant women. Final considerations: the training of professionals is necessary to overcome condemnatory and retrograde care practices that focus solely on abstinence; and investment in training about the health care network, seeking to increase its visibility and use.

Objetivo: conocer las dificultades mencionadas por los profesionales de la salud en la atención prenatal de las consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas. Método: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, realizado en redes sociales, con profesionales de la salud que brindan atención prenatal. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo de noviembre de 2022 a enero de 2023 a través de un cuestionario electrónico. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis temático. El protocolo fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: los profesionales destacan que les falta el conocimiento para atender a este público específico. El abordaje superficial y condenatorio del consumo de sustancias por parte de las políticas públicas contribuye a que los profesionales se sientan parcialmente preparados para atender a esas gestantes. Consideraciones finales: es necesario capacitar a los profesionales para superar las prácticas asistenciales condenatorias y retrógradas que se centran únicamente en evitar el consumo; e invertir en capacitación sobre la red de atención de salud, para ampliar su visibilidad y uso.

Detection of transcriptionally active high-risk human papillomavirus in patients with oesophageal carcinoma by real-time PCR

Background: Oesophageal malignancies (OC) are the sixth most common cause of cancer?related mortality worldwide. Traditional risk factors for OC include smoking, alcohol consumption, and poorly controlled acid reflux; however, the trends in the last decade have pointed out the potential carcinogenic roles of infectious agents, especially Human Papillomavirus (HPV), in the development of OC. The prevalence of HPV infection in OC varies greatly worldwide, mainly due to the inconsistencies of the detection assays employed. This study attempted to establish the association between high?risk HPV and oesophageal malignancies by detecting the transcriptionally active HPV mRNA. Materials and Methods: In this cross?sectional study, 30 malignant oesophageal samples were subjected to real?time PCR to detect high?risk HPV?16 and 18 by targeting transcriptionally active E6/E7 genes. The positive samples were further subjected to viral load assessment. Results: Histopathological analysis of the patients showed that a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 56.2% of the cases. Of the 30 samples, 4 (13.3%) showed positive for HPV?16 E6/E7, and none showed positive for HPV?18 E6/ E7. The viral load of HPV?16 E6/E7 in the positive samples was lesser than the copies present in the well?established cell line, SiHa. Conclusion: The role of HPV in the etiopathogenesis of oesophageal malignancies is unclear. Based on this study and the supporting data presented, it can be said that the association of high?risk HPV infection in oesophageal cancers does exist, but whether it is clinically and etiologically significant is the question that needs to be answered. Multicenter studies from different geographical locations, employing multiple molecular methods with a larger sample size, could aid in a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of HPV in OC.

The Value of CEUS LI-RADS combined with AFP in early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in low- and high-risk patients

Background: We found that the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased significantly in non?cirrhotic individuals, with HCC being frequently overlooked or misdiagnosed. Contrast?enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI?RADS) is known to have a high diagnostic quality in high?risk HCC patients. Therefore, we aimed to compare the detection accuracy of CEUS LI?RADS for HCC between low? and high?risk individuals, to confirm its value in low?risk patients at increased risk of HCC, but not yet included in the high?risk groups of LI?RADS. In addition, since CEUS LR?4 and LR?M categories contain a relatively high proportion of HCC, and serum alpha?fetoprotein (AFP) is the most commonly used biomarker for HCC, and the clinically valid, we attempted to further improve the early diagnostic capability of CEUS LI?RADS for HCC in the low?risk and high?risk patients by combining CEUS LR?4 and LR?M categories with AFP. Methods: We defined high?risk groups (HR)?included in the high?risk patients of LI?RADS, low?risk groups (LR)?not included in the high?risk patients of LI?RADS and enrolled 189 HCC patients with LR and HR settings in a retrospective study. All lesions were confirmed histopathologically. The CEUS LI?RADS accuracy for detecting HCC in these two patients was compared. In addition, the diagnostic algorithm in our study was proposed (for CEUS LR?4 and LR?M patients with AFP>20 ng/ml). we analyzed the ability of CEUS LI?RADS as a valid method of establishing the early diagnosis of HCC in LR and HR patients by combining LR?4 and LR?M categories with AFP. Results: Through comparative analysis, the specificity of the CEUS LR?5 category for HCC in the HR group was 78.4%, whereas in the LR group, it was 94.2%. Meanwhile, the sensitivity (63.2% vs. 63.0%) and positive predictive value (PPV) (75.0% vs. 88.7%) did not differ between the LR and HR groups (P = 0.990, P = 0.299). It is noteworthy that there were the high proportion of HCC in CEUS LR?4 and LR?M categories in our cases and when we combined CEUS LR?4 and LR?M categories with AFP significantly improved the sensitivity by 21.0% (84.2%) in the LR group, and by 16.0% (79.0%) in the HR group, with statistically difference in sensitivity after combination in the HR group (P = 0.014). Conclusions: The CEUS LR?5 category has real meaningful utility in the diagnosis of HCC in both LR and HR patients. The early detection power of the CEUS LI?RADS category for HCC patients was further increased when the CEUS LR?4 and LR?M categories were combined with elevated AFP.

Prognostic significance of cerebro-placental ratio in predicting perinatal

Background: Cerebro-placental ratio (CPR), measured by Ultrasound Doppler velocimetry in pregnancy, has gained much attention in recent years as an important tool in predicting perinatal outcomes. The study aimed to calculate the cerebro-placental ratio and correlateit with perinatal outcome in terms of intrapartum fetal heart variation, meconium staining of liquor, mode of delivery, Apgar score at birth, and NICU admissions.Methods: It was hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study on 119 pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies. All women had doppler velocimetry ultrasound, and cerebro-placental ration was calculated. Perinatal outcome was noted in terms of FHR variability in labor, Meconium staining of liquor, Apgar score and need for NICU admission.Results: Out of the total of 119 women, 88 women had CPR >1.08 and 31 women had CPR of <1.08. Meconium staining of liquor, low Apgar score, and NICU admission was mound in significantly more babies with low CPR.Conclusions: CPR has a good prognostic value in predicting many adverse perinatal outcomes.

Socio-demographic and behavioural profile of HIV positive patients visiting ICTC at a tertiary care hospital in North India

Background: Fast track approach is being followed by UNAIDS in order to achieve the aim of ending AIDS epidemic by 2030. It is important to keep a check on new infections and gather information about the HIV trends of the new cases. This study was planned to analyze the socio-demographic details, associated high risk behaviours and common routes of transmission of new cases. Methods: Data of new HIV positive patients coming to the ICTC centre during the study period was collected. The HIV positive patients were counselled by the counsellor after taking informed consent. The socio demographic details of the patients were shared by the counsellor. Results: Total 92 HIV positive patients were enrolled. Out of 92, 64 were males and 28 were females. Out of 92, 12 were illiterate. Most common route of transmission was found to be heterosexual route followed by blood transfusion. Of 92 patients, 36 were direct walk in clients and 56 were referred to ICTC. Most common high risk behaviour amongst HIV positive people is unsafe sexual practice with non-regular/casual partners, and homemakers are mostly secondarily infected from their reactive spouses. Conclusions: The most common high-risk behaviour (HRB) amongst HIV positive people is unsafe sexual practice with non-regular/casual partners, and innocent homemakers are mostly secondarily infected from their reactive spouses. Thus, there is a need to further spread awareness amongst women about the HRB and risk of HIV. Sharing of results between partners needs to be encouraged in order to prevent HIV transmission.

A Case Report On Spontaneous Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is a well-known complication of assisted reproductive technologies. However, the occurrence of OHSS in the absence of ovulation induction or fertility treatments, particularly during early pregnancy, is extremely rare. We present a case report of spontaneous OHSS manifesting in the ?rst trimester of pregnancy, emphasizing the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies employed and outcome. Here we report a case of A 28-year-old primigravida in her ?rst trimester, with spontaneous conception, presented with nausea, vomiting. she was conservatively managed and sent home. After a few days presented with abnormal weight gain, abdominal discomfort and respiratory distress. Diagnostic workup including ultrasound imaging, laboratory investigations, and clinical examination con?rmed the diagnosis of spontaneous OHSS. Patient exhibited enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, ascites, and pleural effusion. The patient was closely monitored and managed conservatively with intravenous ?uid therapy, analgesics, and respiratory support and cabergoline. Over the course, patient was closely monitored with a series of blood and imaging investigations to assess the progress, she experienced gradual improvement in symptoms, with a subsequent reduction in ovarian size and resolution of ascites and pleural effusion The remainder of pregnancy proceeded uneventfully with regular antenatal visits.

Successful management of complete heart block in pregnancy

This case report presents a comprehensive account of effectively managing complete heart block (CHB) in a pregnant patient with prior cardiac surgery. At 36 weeks of gestation, the team opted for an elective caesarean delivery, necessitating the insertion of a temporary pacemaker. The multidisciplinary collaboration, involving obstetricians, cardiologist, and anaesthetist, played a pivotal role in ensuring a secure delivery. The report delves into the intricacies of addressing acquired CHB during pregnancy, emphasizing the scarcity of established protocols and the need for further research in this domain. Physiological changes in pregnancy, potential complications, and pacing recommendations are discussed. The success of this case underscores the significance of meticulous planning, risk stratification, and multidisciplinary approach in managing bradycardia during high-risk pregnancies. Overall, the report provides valuable insights into navigating the complexities of acquired CHB in pregnancy, advocating for enhanced screening, early recognition, and collaborative efforts among specialists.

Predictors of High-risk Pregnancy at One of the Tertiary Care Centers of Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: : A high-risk pregnancy is a condition in which the mother, fetus, or both are at risk for morbidity or mortality before or after delivery. Moreover, most maternal deaths could be prevented if women had timely approached appropriate health care during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately afterward. Objective: 1. To estimate the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies among antenatal women. 2. To determine the sociodemographic factors inluencing high-risk pregnancy among the study population. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study included 858 antenatal women attending tertiary health care center. Convenience sampling was used, data was collected using pre- tested proforma and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, employing the chi-square test/Fisher's Exact test to explore associations. Results: The study found a 28.6% prevalence of high-risk pregnancies. Rural women had a 2.87 times higher risk (p-value: <0.001, OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 2.118 � 3.898) compared to urban women. Similarly, women in joint families had a 3.58 times higher risk (P-value: <0.001, OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 2.478- 5.182) compared to those in nuclear families. Conclusion: The current study found that place of residence, type of family, and occupation had a signiicant association with high-risk pregnancies. The most common risk conditions for high-risk pregnancies were a Previous history of cesarean section followed by preeclampsia.

Adherencia de pacientes de alto riesgo heredo-familiar de cáncer de mama a "Programa de Vigilancia Activa": experiencia de la Clínica de Alto Riesgo de Cáncer de Mama del Centro Mamario del Hospital Universitario Austral / Adherence of patients with high hereditary-familial risk of breast cancer to the "Active Surveillance Program": experience of the High Risk Breast Cancer Clinic of the Breast Center of the Austral University Hospital

Introducción: Las mujeres con predisposición genética-familiar presentan un riesgo más elevado de desarrollar cáncer de mama. La vigilancia es una de las estrategias más efectivas para ofrecer a este subgrupo de mujeres, sin embargo la adherencia a la misma puede ser dificultosa. Objetivo: Analizar la adherencia de las pacientes con Alto Riesgo Heredo-Familiar (ARHF) al programa específico de "Seguimiento de pacientes de Alto Riesgo" del Hospital Universitario Austral. Material y método: Se revisaron de forma retrospectiva datos de 104 mujeres sanas con ARHF que ingresaron al programa de vigilancia: "Seguimiento de pacientes de Alto Riesgo" del Hospital Universitario Austral en el período comprendido entre junio de 2016 a febrero de 2022. Resultados: La adherencia al programa fue total en 38 pacientes (36,54%) y parcial en 42 (40,38%). Se observó falta de adherencia en 24 pacientes (23,07%). La causa más prevalente fue la incomodidad al realizar la resonancia (54,16%). Analizando la adherencia según el año de ingreso al programa se observa una caída significativa a partir del 3er año de seguimiento y solo 48,98% completaron la sexta ronda. Conclusiones: La falta de adherencia observada fue significativa. Los datos demostrados apuntan a una necesidad de continuar desarrollando estrategias que faciliten el seguimiento(AU)

Introduction: Women with a genetic-familial predisposition have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Surveillance is one of the most effective strategies to offer this subgroup of women, however adherence to it can be difficult. Objetive: To analize the adherence of patients with High Risk of Familial-Hereditary (HRFH) breast cancer to a specific program: "Follow-up in High Risk patients" of the Austral University Hospital. Material and method: Data from 104 women with HRFH who were admitted to the surveillance program: "Follow-up in High Risk patients" of the Austral University Hospital in the period from june 2016 to february 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Adherence to the program was complete in 38 patients (36,54%) and partial in 42 (40,38%). 24 (23,07%) patients had lack of adherence. The most prevalent cause was discomfort when performing the resonance (54,16%). When we analyze adherence according to the year of admission to the program, a significant drop is observed from de 3rd year of follow-up and only 48,98% completed round six. Conclusions: The observed lack of adherence was significant. The demonstrated data points to a need to continue developing strategies that facilitate monitoring(AU)

Factors associated with decreased respiratory pressures in high-risk pregnant women / Fatores associados à diminuição das pressões respiratória em gestantes de alto risco

INTRODUCTION: The gestational period brings anatomical and physiological changes to women in several systems, especially the respiratory system. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between gestational age (GA), Diabetes, uterine fundal height (UFH), Body Mass Index (BMI), level of dyspnea, and physical activity with maximum respiratory and nasal pressures. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 55 high-risk pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy at the Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas in Recife ­ PE, Brazil, personal, sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) data were described and nasal inspiratory pressure (NIP), that, using regression and multivariate analysis, analyzed the influence of risk factors for high-risk pregnancy with NIP considering a p<0.005. RESULTS: Among the pregnant women, according to the clinical variables, it was observed that 56.4% (n=31) had a gestational age above 28 weeks, 27.3% (n=15) diabetes, 25.5% (n=14) asthma, 43.6% (n=24) Gestational Hypertension, 56.4% (n=31) obesity, 85.5% (n=47) complaints of dyspnea 38.1% (n=21) mild to severe dyspnea and 65.5% (n=36) vigorous physical activity. Low MIP (76.76 cmH2O) and NIP (68.62 cmH2O) values were found for age. An association was observed between an increase in UFH and a decrease of 0.8 cmH2O in NIP, regardless of gestational age. CONCLUSION: High-risk pregnant women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy have decreased NIP and MIP with a negative association of UFH with NIP regardless of gestational age.

INTRODUÇÃO: O período gestacional traz para a mulher alterações anatômicas e fisiológicas, em diversos sistemas, principalmente no sistema respiratório. OBJETIVO: Determinar se há associação da idade gestacional (IG), Diabetes, altura de fundo de útero (AFU), Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC), nível de dispneia e atividade física com as pressões respiratória máxima e nasal. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal que incluiu 55 gestantes de alto risco no 2º e 3º trimestre de gestação do Ambulatório de Obstetrícia do Hospital das Clínicas de Recife ­ PE, foi descrito os dados pessoais, sociodemográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e das Pressão Inspiratória Máxima (PImáx) e pressão inspiratória nasal (PIN), que, por meio da regressão e da análise multivariada analisou a influência dos fatores de risco para gestação de alto risco com a PIN considerando um p<0,005. RESULTADOS: Dentre as gestantes, segundo as variáveis clínicas, observou-se que 56,4% (n=31) apresentaram idade gestacional acima de 28 semanas, 27,3% (n=15) diabetes, 25,5% (n=14) asma, 43,6% (n=24) Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica Gestacional (HASG), 56,4% (n=31) obesidade, 85,5% (n=47) queixas de dispneia 38,1% (n=21) dispneia de um pouco forte a forte e 65,5% (n=36) atividade física vigorosa. Foram encontrados valores baixos de PImáx (76,76 cmH2O) e PIN (68,62 cmH2O) para a idade. Foi observada uma associação do aumento da AFU com a diminuição de 0,8 cmH2O da PIN, independentemente da idade gestacional. CONCLUSÃO: As gestantes de alto risco no segundo e terceiro trimestre gestacional apresentam PIN e PImáx diminuídas com uma associação negativa da AFU com a PIN independentemente da idade gestacional.

Sentimentos da mulher frente a gestação de alto risco / Sentimientos de la mujer frente al embarazo de alto riesgo / Women's feelings facing High-Risk pregnancy

Resumo Introdução: A gestação configura-se como um acontecimento único e memorável para a vida de uma mulher. A gravidez de alto risco é uma experiência estressante em razão dos riscos a que estão submetidos a mãe e o bebê e devido às mudanças que afetam negativamente o seu equilíbrio emocional. Objetivo: Identificar os sentimentos vivenciados pela gestante frente à gravidez de alto risco. Método: Descritivo e exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, com amostra por conveniência composta por mulheres com gestação de alto risco, selecionadas de acordo com a disponibilidade do serviço de internamento, até a saturação das entrevistas. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em um período de dois meses através de entrevistas guiadas por um roteiro. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo segundo Minayo. Resultados: Fizeram parte 37 mulheres. Os resultados foram oeganizados nas categorias: Como se deu o diagnóstico de alto risco; Sentimentos ao descobrir que a gestação é/era de risco; Sentimentos em relação ao apoio familiar acerca da gestação de alto risco. Os sentimentos relatados pelas gestantes e puérperas que conviveram com a gravidez de alto risco, deixam evidentes os impactos que este evento traz não somente na saúde física sobretudo para a emocional, deixando as gestantes fragilizadas. Conclusão: Assim, o estudo nos permitiu perceber que os sentimentos vivenciados nesse processo podem interfir na vida dessas mulheres, e de forma negativa. Mas, que apesar dessa situação, estas expressam sentimentos ambíguos, pois mesmo com o risco gestacional, muitas mostram-se felizes pela dádiva de ser mãe.

Resumen Introducción: El embarazo se considera un evento único y memorable en la vida de una mujer. El embarazo de alto riesgo es una experiencia estresante debido a los riesgos a los que están expuestas tanto la madre como su bebé y a los cambios que afectan negativamente su equilibrio emocional. Objetivo: Identificar los sentimientos experimentados por las mujeres embarazadas frente a un embarazo de alto riesgo. Metodología: Descriptivo y exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, con una muestra a conveniencia compuesta por mujeres con embarazos de alto riesgo, seleccionadas según la disponibilidad del servicio de hospitalización, hasta la saturación de las entrevistas. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo durante un período de dos meses a través de entrevistas guiadas. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido según Minayo. Resultados: Participaron 37 mujeres y los resultados se organizaron en las siguientes categorías: cómo se realizó el diagnóstico de alto riesgo; sentimientos al descubrir que el embarazo era de riesgo; sentimientos con respecto al apoyo familiar en relación con el embarazo de alto riesgo. Los sentimientos relatados por las mujeres embarazadas y posparto que vivieron un embarazo de alto riesgo evidencian los impactos que tiene este evento no solo en la salud física sino, especialmente, en el bienestar emocional, pues deja a las mujeres embarazadas en un estado de vulnerabilidad. Conclusión: El estudio nos permitió darnos cuenta de que los sentimientos experimentados en este proceso pueden interferir en la vida de estas mujeres de manera negativa. Sin embargo, a pesar de esta situación, muchas de ellas expresan sentimientos ambiguos, porque, incluso con el riesgo gestacional, están agradecidas por el regalo de la maternidad.

Abstract Introduction: Pregnancy is considered a unique and memorable event in a woman's life. High-risk pregnancy is a stressful experience due to the risks to which the mother and the baby are exposed, and due to the changes that negatively affect their emotional balance. Objective: To identify the feelings experienced by pregnant women facing high-risk pregnancy. Method: Descriptive and exploratory, employing a qualitative approach, the study featured a convenience sample of women with high-risk pregnancies, selected based on inpatient service availability, until interview saturation was achieved. Data collection was conducted over a two-month period through scripted interviews. Data analysis was performed utilizing Minayo's content analysis technique. Results: Thirty-seven women participated in the study. The results were categorized as follows: How the high-risk diagnosis was determined; Feelings upon discovering the pregnancy was high-risk; Feelings regarding family support regarding the high-risk pregnancy. The feelings reported by pregnant and postpartum women who experienced high-risk pregnancies clearly reveal the impacts this event has, not only on physical health, but especially on emotional well-being, leaving the pregnant women in a vulnerable state. Conclusion: The study allowed us to realize that the feelings experienced in this process can negatively interfere in the lives of these women. However, despite this situation, many of them express mixed feelings, because even with the gestational risk, they are grateful for the gift of motherhood.

Partos y cesáreas en edad de riesgo en hospitales del Maule desde 2017 a 2021 / Births and cesarean sections at risk age in Maule hospitals from 2017 to 2021

Pregnancy, despite being a physiological process, can lead to morbidity and mortality, which is increased at risk ages, defined as younger or equal to15 years and older or equal to 35 years. For an adequate approach it is necessary to know the local reality of the population, therefore, the objective of this study is to describe and analyze the discharges of births and cesarean sections at risk age in the Maule Region from 2017 to 2021 using the database collected from the Biostatistics Unit of the Maule Health Service, which includes the hospitals of the region. Within the observed period, a total of 30,599 deliveries and cesarean sections were studied, being these a total of 5,581 at risk age, of which 0.65% corresponds to women younger or equal to 15 years and 17.57% to women older or equal to 35 years. There is a downward tendency in births in general, mostly evidenced in less or equal to 15 years, and on the contrary, a rise in births and cesarean sections of more or equal to 35 years, differing with the statistics at the country level. The tendency of increasing maternal age of pregnancies in the Maule region and its consequences are a fundamental factor when planning new public policies, so we consider it of vital importance to promote research and update the evidence, with a focus on the local population.

El embarazo a pesar de ser un proceso fisiológico puede conllevar morbimortalidad, la cual se acrecienta en edades de riesgo, definida como menor o igual a 15 años y mayor o igual a 35 años. Para el adecuado enfrentamiento se necesita conocer la realidad local, por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es describir y analizar los egresos de partos y cesáreas en edad de riesgo en la Región del Maule desde el año 2017 a 2021 utilizando la base de datos recogida desde la Unidad de Bioestadística del Servicio de Salud Maule, la cual incluye los hospitales de la región. Dentro del periodo observado se estudió un total de 30.599 partos y cesáreas, siendo estos un total de 5.581 en edad de riesgo, de los cuales 0.65% corresponde a mujeres menores o igual a 15 años y 17.57% a mujeres mayores o igual a 35 años. Existe una tendencia a la baja de los nacimientos en general, mayormente evidenciado en menores o igual a 15 años, y por el contrario, un alza en los partos y cesáreas de mayores o igual a 35 años, difiriendo con las estadísticas a nivel país. El aumento de la edad materna de los embarazos en la región del Maule y sus consecuencias son un factor fundamental a la hora de planificar nuevas políticas públicas, por lo que consideramos de vital importancia promover la realización de investigaciones y actualización de la evidencia sobre el tema, con un enfoque en la población local.

Efficacy of microwave ablation with parallel acupuncture guided by ultrasound in treating single hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk areas: A retrospective analysis of 155 patients

Objective: To investigate the safety and short? and long?term efficacy of ultrasound?guided microwave ablation (MWA) with parallel acupuncture for treating single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high?risk areas. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 155 patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent microwave ablation in our hospital between December 2015 and September 2016. Patients with a tumor distance of ?5 mm from the risk area were included in the observation group. Patients with a tumor distance of >5 mm from the risk area were placed in the control group. The patients’ preoperative general health status, tumor site, tumor size, follow?up data, disease?free survival rate, overall survival rates, local tumor progression, and intrahepatic distant recurrence rate were collected and analyzed. Results: The 1?, 3?, and 5?year overall survival rates for the observation group were 91.8%, 75.5%, and 59.2%, respectively. The 1?, 3?, and 5?year overall survival rates for the control group were 97.2%, 84.0%, and 66.0%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.522). A tumor size of ?20 mm (HR = 0.488, 95% CI = 0.254–0.940, P = 0.032) was an independent risk factor affecting the overall survival of patients with solitary HCC treated with MWA. The 1?, 3?, and 5?year recurrence?free survival rates for the observation group were 59.2%, 28.6%, and 18.4%, respectively, and those for the control group were 79.2%, 43.4%, and 31.1%, respectively. There was a statistical difference between the two groups (P = 0.007). Tumor size ?20 mm (HR = 0.468, 95% CI = 0.303–0.723, P = 0.001), tumor location in a risk area (HR = 1.662, 95% CI = 1.121–2.465, P = 0.011), and an ??fetoprotein (AFP) level of <200 ug/L (HR = 0.612, 95% CI = 0.386–0.970, P = 0.036) are independent factors affecting the recurrence?free survival of MWA treatment for HCC. Conclusion: Microwave ablation with parallel acupuncture guided by ultrasound is a safe and effective treatment for single hepatocellular carcinoma in high?risk areas.

Prevención de la preeclampsia: desde la dieta hasta la aspirina: revisión de la literatura / Prevention of preeclampsia: from diet to aspirin: review of the literature

Introducción y objetivo: Explorar las estrategias de prevención de la preeclampsia que se han propuesto a lo largo de la historia. Método: Revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre la evidencia científica histórica disponible entre 2016 y 2023 acerca de la aspirina y otras estrategias de prevención de la preeclampsia, en bases de datos bibliográficas computarizadas de estudios publicados en revistas indexadas. Resultados: Varios estudios confirman la efectividad de la aspirina para prevenir la preeclampsia en población de alto riesgo, siendo un medicamento con bajo riesgo de complicaciones, con mayor evidencia de efectividad si se inicia antes de las 16 semanas de gestación y con un aparente efecto dependiente de la dosis. Intervenciones como la disminución del consumo de sal, el reposo en cama, la suplementación con ácidos grasos, antioxidantes, L-arginina, zinc o magnesio, y el uso de diuréticos o de inhibidores de la bomba de protones, no han mostrado su utilidad en la prevención de la preeclampsia. Conclusiones: La aspirina a dosis baja es un medicamento seguro en el embarazo y efectivo para prevenir la preeclampsia en población de alto riesgo. Es la estrategia de prevención más ampliamente estudiada a lo largo de la historia para la disfunción endotelial durante la gestación.

Introduction and objective: To explore the different prevention strategies for preeclampsia that have been proposed throughout the history. Method: A narrative review of the historical, scientific evidence available between 2016 and 2021 on aspirin and other preeclampsia prevention strategies in computerized bibliographic databases of studies published in indexed journals. Results: Several studies confirm the effectiveness of aspirin to prevent preterm preeclampsia in high-risk populations, considering this as a safe drug with low risk of complications, with greater evidence of effectiveness when started before 16 weeks of gestation and apparently with a dose-dependent effect. Interventions such as reducing salt intake, bed rest, supplementation with fatty acids, antioxidants, L-arginine, zinc, magnesium, the use of diuretics or proton pump inhibitors have not shown its usefulness in the prevention of high risk preeclampsia patients. Conclusions: Low-dose aspirin is a safe drug in pregnancy and is effective to prevent preeclampsia in high-risk populations. Is the most widely studied throughout history prevention strategy for endothelial dysfunction during pregnancy.

Anxiety Levels among High-risk Pregnant Women in a Selected Hospital of Bagalkot

Background: Pregnancy at high risk is a worldwide health issue affecting patients across the world. Diagnosis of high-risk pregnancy causes severe emotional distress among patients. High-risk pregnant patients are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and discomfort. This paper raises an important mind-body issue, since high-risk pregnancy women have faced anxiety worry. Anxiety is certainly elevated in high-risk pregnancies and psychological therapies are likely to reduce anxiety and increase the likelihood of pregnancy. The fear regarding the course of treatment, however, is less certain. Methods: A quantitative research approach was adopted for the present study. Convenience sampling technique was used to select 50 subjects. The paper pencil technique and generalized anxiety disorder scale was used for collecting data. Both inferential and descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Results: Majority (76%) of respondents had mild anxiety levels, 10% had a moderate anxiety, and 14% had minimal anxiety levels. With a standard deviation of 5.21%, the total mean anxiety score was determined as 48.2%. To evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors and anxiety levels in pregnant women at risk, a Chi-square test was employed. Conclusion: The main concern of present decade is the psychological issues faced in high-risk pregnancy. Assessment of anxiety level in high-risk pregnant women will help to identify the prevalence of anxiety and raise awareness. A nurse can play a crucial role in educating high-risk pregnant women about anxiety management techniques

Distribución de genotipos de virus papiloma humano de alto riesgo en mujeres y hombres atendidos en una red asistencial privada en la Región Metropolitana, Chile / Distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in women and men attended in a private healthcare network in the Metropolitan Region, Chile

Introducción: La infección persistente por genotipos de virus papiloma humano de alto riesgo (VPH-AR) es la principal causa del cáncer cérvico-uterino en todo el mundo. Los genotipos 16 y 18 están asociados a la progresión hacia el cáncer de cuello uterino; sin embargo, otros genotipos también presentan alto riesgo oncogénico. Existe escasa evidencia respecto a la distribución de genotipos VPH-AR en la población nacional, siendo un tema que debiese ser abordado en el contexto de un creciente aumento de la inmigración e implementación del programa de inmunización en Chile desde 2015. Objetivo: Dar a conocer la distribución de genotipos de VPH-AR detectados en pacientes de ambos sexos, atendidos en la red de atención privada de Clínica Dávila de Santiago, entre los años 2014 y 2021. Metodología: Se estudiaron muestras genitales y anales provenientes de 3.642 pacientes, incluyendo ambos sexos. La genotipificación fue realizada mediante reacción de la polimerasa en cadena (RPC) en tiempo real (HPV AnyplexTM II HPV28 detection, Seegene, Korea. Resultados: La distribución global de genotipos en mujeres (porcentaje) fue: 16 (14,34%) - 31 (6,20%) - 39 (5,94%) - 58 (5,94%) - 51 (5,68%) - 53 (5,64%) - 52 (5,30%) - 56 (5,27%) - 68 (5,19%) - 66 (4,97% - 18 (3,36%) - 59 (3,29%) - 73 (2,80%) - 35 (2,54%) - 45 (2,13%) - 33 (1,53%) - 82 (1,38%) - 26 (0,49%) y 69 (0,41%). En hombres fue: 16 (8,52%) - 58 (4,39%) - 51 (8,44%) - 26 (0,42%) - 18 (3,21%) - 52 (4,47%) - 39 (5,40%) - 53 (4,56%) - 33 (1,69%) - 35 (2,03%), 73 (2,19%) - 69 (0,59%) - 45 (2,11%) - 59 (4,22%) - 68 (3,04%) - 66 (5,06%) - 31 (4,64%) - 56 (4,81%) y 82 (1,10%). Conclusiones: La distribución de los genotipos de VPH fue concordante con estudios previos nacionales. Se observó una tendencia a la reducción del genotipo 16 en el tiempo, lo cual podría relacionarse a la vacunación, implementada en los últimos años en Chile. Destaca que otros genotipos de VPH-AR tuvieron una alta frecuencia en la población estudiada por lo que sería recomendable evaluar la pesquisa ampliada de genotipos de VPH-AR para valorar el riesgo oncogénico, con fines diagnósticos y terapéuticos.

Background: Persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes is the main cause of cervical cancer worldwide. Genotypes 16 and 18 are associated with progression to cervical cancer, however other genotypes also present high oncogenic risk. There is little evidence regarding the distribution of HR-HPV genotypes in the national population, being an issue that should be addressed in the context of a growing increase in immigration and implementation of the immunization program in Chile since 2015. Aim: To show the distribution of HR-HPV genotypes detected in women and men, attended at the private care network of Clinica Davila, Santiago City, between 2014 and 2021. Methods: Genital and anal samples from 3,642 patients were studied, including both sexes. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (HPV AnyplexTM II HPV28 detection, Seegene, Korea). Results: The global distribution of genotypes in women (percentage) was: 16 (14.34%) - 31 (6.20%) - 39 (5.94%) - 58 (5.94%) - 51 (5.68%) - 53 (5.64%) - 52 (5.30%) - 56 (5.27%) - 68 (5.19%) - 66 (4.97%) - 18 (3.36%) - 59 (3.29%) - 73 (2.80%) - 35 (2.54%) - 45 (2.13%) - 33 (1.53%) - 82 (1.38%) - 26 (0.49%) and 69 (0.41%). In men was: 16 (8.52%) - 58 (4.39%) - 51 (8.44%) - 26 (0.42%) - 18 (3.21%) - 52 (4.47%) - 39 (5.40%) - 53 (4.56%), 33 (1.69%) - 35 (2.03%) - 73 (2.19%) - 69 (0.59%) - 45 (2.11%) - 59 (4.22%) - 68 (3.04%) - 66 (5.06%) - 31 (4.64%) - 56 (4.81%) and 82 (1.10%). Conclusions: The distribution of HPV genotypes was consistent with previous national studies. A tendency to reduce genotype 16 over the years was observed, which could be related to the vaccination, implemented in recent years in Chile. It is remarkable that other HR-HPV genotypes had a high frequency in the population studied, so it would be advisable to evaluate an expanded screening for HR-HPV genotypes to assess the oncogenic risk, for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Profile of sexually transmitted infections among attendees of special clinics (Suraksha) at an apex regional sexually transmitted disease centre in North India ­ a five-year study

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present significant global and national health challenges, particularly in India. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and characteristics of STIs among attendees at the Suraksha Clinic in the Apex Regional STD Centre, Safdarjung Hospital. Methods:Retrospective data from January 2018 to December 2022 were statistically analyzed using Excel and SPSS. The study included the examination for diagnosis of various STIs, such as syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), gonorrhoea, chlamydiasis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, chancroid, and genital herpes. Gender distribution and syndromic diagnoses, including vaginal/cervical discharge and genital ulcers, were also considered. Referrals to Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres for HIV testing were analyzed. Results: The outcomes reveal a substantial burden of STIs, with 3.06% showing reactivity to syphilis, 1.74% testing positive for HIV, 3.36% for gonorrhoea, 11.78% for chlamydiasis, 1.05% for trichomoniasis, 26.24% for candidiasis, 9.97% for bacterial vaginosis, 7.80% for chancroid, 11.64% for herpes genitalis, and 4.01% for other non-STIs. Attendees' interactions included 34.36% of referrals to Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres for HIV testing. The gender distribution showed 58.92% male and 40.94% female attendees. Conclusion: Syndromic diagnoses, including vaginal/cervical discharge (21.22%) and genital warts (8.00%), highlight prevalent conditions, necessitating routine screening, early detection, and targeted interventions for effective disease control and prevention. These findings underscore the significance of integrated screening, patient education, and proactive strategies to safeguard public health in the face of rising STI rates. (AU)

Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) apresentam desafios de saúde globais e nacionais significativos, particularmente na Índia. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e as características das IST entre os pacientes atendidos na Clínica Suraksha do Centro Regional de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) Apex, Hospital Safdarjung. Métodos: Dados retrospectivos de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2022 foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando Excel e Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). O estudo inclui o exame para diagnóstico de diversas IST, como sífilis, HIV, gonorreia, clamídia, tricomoníase, candidíase, vaginose bacteriana, cancroide e herpes genital. A distribuição por gênero e os diagnósticos sindrômicos, incluindo corrimento vaginal/cervical e úlceras genitais, também foram considerados. Foram analisados encaminhamentos para Centros Integrados de Aconselhamento e Testagem para testagem de HIV. Resultados: Os resultados revelam uma carga substancial de IST, com 3,06% apresentando reatividade à sífilis, 1,74% testando positivo para HIV, 3,36% para gonorreia, 11,78% para clamídia, 1,05% para tricomoníase, 26,24% para candidíase, 9,97% para vaginose bacteriana, 7,80% para cancroide, 11,64% para herpes genital e 4,01% para outras infecções não IST. As interações dos participantes incluíram 34,36% de encaminhamentos para Centros Integrados de Aconselhamento e Testagem para testes de HIV. A distribuição por gênero mostrou 58,92% de participantes do sexo masculino e 40,94% do sexo feminino. Conclusão: Os diagnósticos sindrômicos, incluindo corrimento vaginal/cervical (21,22%) e verrugas genitais (8,00%), destacam condições prevalentes, necessitando de exames de rotina, detecção precoce e intervenções direcionadas para controle e prevenção eficazes de doenças. Estas conclusões sublinham a importância do rastreio integrado, da educação dos pacientes e de estratégias proativas para salvaguardar a saúde pública diante do aumento das taxas de IST. (AU)

Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de embarazadas y puérperas con covid-19 ingresadas en cuidados intensivos

Introducción: La infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 se ha convertido en una pandemia que ha ocasionado gran número de complicaciones y suele ser fatal para embarazadas y puérperas. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de embarazadas y puérperas con covid-19 ingresadas en cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal, de 56 embarazadas y puérperas con diagnóstico confirmado de covid-19, ingresadas en el Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Provincial Docente Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2021. Las variables analizadas fueron la edad, los antecedentes personales, la causa de ingreso, el estado al egreso y la principal causa de muerte. A tal efecto, se calcularon las frecuencias, los porcentajes y la tasa de letalidad. Resultados: Hubo predominio de las gestantes en todos los grupos de edades (58,9 %) en relación con las puérperas (41,1 %), principalmente en el grupo etario de 31-35 años (30,3 %). La hipertensión arterial resultó ser la comorbilidad más frecuente con 71,4 y 28,6 %, para embarazadas y puérperas, respectivamente; en tanto, 66,6 % de las primeras y 33,3 % de las segundas fueron ingresadas por neumonía. Todas las embarazadas egresaron vivas y 7 puérperas fallecieron. La tasa de letalidad fue de 12,5 y el síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica apareció en 57,2 % de las afectadas. Conclusiones: La hipertensión arterial fue la comorbilidad más frecuente, la neumonía viral, el principal diagnóstico al ingreso y el síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica, la primera causa directa de muerte.

Introduction: Infection due to SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a pandemic that has caused great number of complications and is usually fatal for pregnant and newly-delivered women. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pregnant and newly-delivered women with Covid-19 admitted to intensive care units. Methods: An observational descriptive, cross-sectional study of 56 pregnant and newly-delivered women with confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 was carried out; they were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany Teaching Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba during 2021. The analyzed variables were age, past health history, cause of admission, state when discharged from the institution and the main cause of death. For this purpose, the frequencies, percentages and case fatality rate were calculated. Results: There was a prevalence of pregnant women in all the age groups (58.9%) relative to the newly-delivered women (41.1%), mainly in the 31- 35 age group (30.3%). Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity with 71.4 and 28.6%, for pregnant and newly-delivered women, respectively; as long as, 66.6% of the first ones and 33.3% of the second ones were admitted due to pneumonia. All the pregnant women were discharged alive and 7 newly-delivered women died. Case fatality rate was 12.5 and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome appeared in 57.2% of those affected. Conclusions: Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity, viral pneumonia was the main admission diagnosis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, the first direct cause of death.

Screening in female patients for HPV and STI for early diagnosis of cervical cancer

Background: High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection has been the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Moreover, it is a necessary factor for the development of cervical cancer. Several studies have been carried out that screen HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI)s occurring in patients at the same time. Timely screening can help early diagnosis of pre-cancerous lesions and assist in prompt treatment to reduce mortality in such patients. The objective of the present study was to screen women for the presence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Some women were additionally screened for STIs. We also aimed to establish an association between the presence of HPV and STI.Methods: A total of 40 women aged 20-67 years participated in this study. Cervical and or vaginal swabs were collected in liquid-based cytology containers. The samples were tested for fourteen HPV genotypes by USFDA-approved Cobas HPV test. Out of these 40 women 26 were also tested for STI panel.Results: All women participants were screened for hr-HPV. A total 65% of the study population underwent both the HPV test and the STI test. 7.5% of total women were positive for hrHPV. 30.76% of women tested positive for Ureaplasma and Gardnerella vaginalis in the STI panel. Some women also showed simultaneous presence of STI and HrHPV.Conclusions: The results of this study will help in better and early diagnosis of women at risk of cervical cancer. The detection of HPV and STI present simultaneously can further help in establishing the role of these two conditions in the development of cervical cancer. Such studies are an encouragement to the HPV elimination programme and vaccination drive that has taken an impetus in recent times in India.