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Efficient assessment methods and early warning systems are crucial to prevent events like arrest, unexpected transfers to the intensive care unit (ICU) or even death. This in-depth review delves into the aspects of evaluating and handling early warning indicators of deterioration among patients admitted to hospitals. The primary emphasis lies in identifying any signs of decline by observing and tracking indicators, like heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature and oxygen saturation. Standardized assessments like the modified early warning score (MEWS) play a role in assessing the seriousness of a patient’s condition while rapid response teams (RRTs) provide interdisciplinary interventions. Personalized care plans, customized medication management and the inclusion of support highlight an approach. Continuously reevaluating patients and providing education for healthcare professionals underscores the nature of patient care. Despite advancements in technology that enable real time monitoring challenges such as alarm fatigue and the need for consistent staff training persist. This review concludes that a comprehensive strategy combining expertise standardized assessments and technological support is vital for managing early warning signs of deterioration to ultimately enhance patient outcomes in hospital environments.
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Background: Limited evidence is available on the psychological distress among patients hospitalized with COVID -19. We assessed the incidence of psychological distress, posttraumatic symptoms and substance use among patients hospitalized with COVID-19; and perceived stress, coping, and social support experienced by distressed and non-distressed patients and the predictors of psychological distress. Methods: Ours was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in a Union Territory of India. Patients were assessed (August – September, 2020) at the time of admission (within two days) with standardized instruments (N=250). Results: More than 19 percent of respondents had experienced significant psychological distress (probable cases) and nearly 9% reported post-traumatic stress symptoms. The cases and non-cases differ in terms of active coping (5.51±0.87 versus 5.06±1.06; t=3.10, p<0.01), emotional support (5.21±0.87 versus 4.86±0.79; t=2.57, p<0.01), behavioural disengagement (5.18±0.92 versus 4.55±1.15; t=3.56, p<0.001), venting (5.42±0.96 versus 4.80±1.24; t=3.30, p<0.01), acceptance (5.75±1.24 versus 5.29±1.50; t=2.23, p<0.05), religion (5.43±1.41 versus 6.06±1.46; t=-2.76, p<0.01) and self-blame (5.65±1.00 versus 4.82±1.39; t=3.95, p<0.001). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress (OR: 2.058; 95% CI: 1.49-2.84) was the only significant predictor of the psychological distress. Conclusions: Nearly one in five hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience psychological distress. Screening and treatment for trauma and psychological distress should be an integral component of care for patients with COVID-19.
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In recent years, with the continuous development of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA), its role in the management of blood glucose in hospitalized patients has been explored. GLP-1RA can not only control blood glucose in non-critically ill hospitalized patients, but also inhibit appetite, delay gastric emptying, protect nerves, anti-inflammation, reduce systolic blood pressure and blood lipids. At the same time, many studies have found that it can also improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes and reduce the risk of hospitalization complications. Therefore, this paper analyzes the role of GLP-1RA in glycemic management by reviewing domestic and international studies, consensus and guidelines related to inpatient blood glucose management, and helps to better manage blood glucose of patients in non-critical care setting.
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Objective:To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by herpes zoster in patients and investigate the correlation between the two.Methods:The clinical data of 58 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by herpes zoster who received treatment in Department of Dermatology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei (Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University) from January 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:All 58 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by herpes zoster were over the age of 70 years. The average length of hospital stay was (11.78 ± 3.63) days. Among these patients, three developed disseminated herpes zoster, while twenty-three developed postherpetic neuralgia. The average glycated hemoglobin level of the patients was (7.92 ± 1.51)%, all of which were higher than the normal range.Conclusion:The poor control of blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of herpes zoster. The duration of hospital stay after herpes zoster development is long, and the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia is high.
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Objective To collect the data of hospitalized death cases in a provincial grade A tertiary general hospital,analysis the characteristics,changing trends,rescue conditions and related influencing factors of inpatient death cases,and provide a reference for the hospital's death case management and improvement of medical quality.Methods The gender,age,inpatient department,length of hospitalization,cause of death,rescue measures,sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score,and the date of death cases in a grade A tertiary general hospital from January 1,2012,to December 31,2022,were collected from the hospital medical record database.The characteristics of death cases were then statistically summarized through data aggregation.Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the two research variables,while multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the relevant factors affecting the implementation of rescue measures when death events occur in hospitalized patients,and draw the receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC curve)to analyze the relevant factors affecting the implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the event of death in hospitalized patients.Results ① The in-hospital mortality rate of inpatients in this hospital in the past 10 years was 0.26%,the mortality rate of males was significantly higher than that of females[0.32%(1 959/607 170)vs.0.19%(1 021/549 802),χ2 = 210.615,P<0.01],the mortality rate of hospitalized patients increased with age(r = 0.860,P = 0.037),and elderly patients>65 years old were the main group of hospital deaths;②The top 5 main causes of death among patients in this hospital were tumors,circulatory system diseases,respiratory system diseases,digestive system diseases and the symptoms,signs,clinical and laboratory abnormal findings,and those who died due to these 5 types of diseases accounted for 82.05%(2 445/2 980)of the total number of deaths;③Before the death event,the electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring rate of inpatients in this hospital was 77.99%,the epinephrine usage rate was 83.46%,the endotracheal intubation rate was 57.55%,the cardiopulmonary resuscitation implementation rate was 44.93%,and the defibrillation rate was 12.85%.The epinephrine usage rate[86.17%(1 688/1 959)vs.78.26%(799/1 021)],the endotracheal intubation rate[59.37%(1 163/1 959)vs.54.06%(552/1 021)]and the cardiopulmonary resuscitation implementation rate[46.30%(907/1 959)vs.42.31%(432/1 021)]of male patients was significantly higher than that of female patients(all P<0.05);the cardiopulmonary resuscitation implementation rate for patients who died over 65 years old was significantly lower than those in other age groups[43.25%(734/1 697)vs.47.16%(605/1 283),P<0.05],before the death of inpatients in the surgical department,the ECG monitoring rate[68.63%(641/934)vs.82.26%(1 679/2 041)],the epinephrine usage rate[75.48%(705/934)vs.87.21%(1 780/2 041)]and the cardiopulmonary resuscitation implementation rate[31.16%(291/934)vs.51.34%(1 048/2 041)]were significantly lower than those in other department(all P<0.05).Patients who died from tumors had the lowest implementation rate of rescue measures when the death event occurred.Except for tumor patients,the ECG monitoring rate[68.33%(233/341)vs.93.07%(1 356/1 457)],the epinephrine usage rate[86.22%(294/341)vs.95.47%(1 391/1 457)],the endotracheal intubation rate[60.12%(205/341)vs.71.31%(1 039/1 457)],the cardiopulmonary resuscitation rate[40.18%(137/341)vs.55.66%(811/1 457)]and the defibrillation rate[7.92%(27/341)vs.19.42%(283/1 457)]of patients who died due to digestive system diseases were significantly lower than those who died due to circulatory diseases,respiratory diseases,and symptoms,signs,clinical and laboratory abnormalities(all P<0.05);④Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that urban household registration and SOFA score≥14 points before death were independent factors influencing the likelihood of cardiopulmonary resuscitation being performed in patients with severe death[odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(95% CI)were 6.731(1.891-23.958)and 10.023(3.169-31.704),P values are 0.003 and<0.001 respectively];⑤ROC curve analysis shows that urban household registration,SOFA score≥14 points before death and their combination had a certain predictive value for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospitalized patients with digestive diseases(all P<0.05),and the combined value was higher,the area under ROC curve(AUC)= 0.840,95% CI was 0.742-0.934.sensitivity was 82.76%,specificity was 75.51%,positive predictive value was 78.18%,and negative predictive value was 73.91%.Conclusions Hospitals should specifically strengthen the medical quality management of inpatient death cases,enhance the early warning system for high-risk patients,and consistently standardize the rescue measures and procedures for inpatients.Additionally,hospitals should prioritize the care of elderly and male patients with circulatory and respiratory-related critical illnesses,they should also strive to improve their ability to identify and treat critically ill surgical patients,as well as enhance their expertise in managing severe digestive system diseases.
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Most hospitalized patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are in severe or critical condition, and malnutrition is a key factor contributing to adverse outcomes. The basic principles of medical nutrition therapy have been determined in the recently released tenth edition of the National Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol. The principles have promoted nutritional risk assessment, emphasized the preferred method of enteral nutrition, and recommended the daily intake of calories at 25 to 30 kcal/kg and protein at > 1.2g/kg. Parenteral nutrition should be also added when necessary. Based on the above principles, Beijing Hospital has refined the medical nutrition therapy measures to facilitate the implementation in clinical practice, in order to improve healthcare quality and decrease the mortality in COVID-19 patients.
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desnutrição é uma condição frequente em pacientes críticos. Isso pode ser acentuado devido uma oferta inadequada, por meio da nutrição enteral. Objetivo: Analisar indicadores de qualidade para identificar frequência de eventos relacionados à terapia nutricional enteral. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, realizado em um hospital de urgência e trauma, na cidade de Goiânia (GO), com pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs), no período de outubro de 2021. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de prontuários eletrônicos preenchidos por profissionais médicos, enfermeiros e nutricionistas da unidade. Resultados: A adequação de volume prescrito versus volume infundido foi de 86,59%. A frequência de administração de energia resultou em 3,23% de adequação de energia. A frequência de dias de administração adequada de proteína apresentou-se adequada, correspondendo a ≥ 10% da frequência de dias de administração adequada de proteína. Conclusão: O volume prescrito versus volume infundido e dias de administração adequada de proteína apresentaram-se adequados. Houve relevantes inadequações calóricas entre calorias prescritas e calorias recebidas, sugerindo que os pacientes se encontravam com déficits energéticos importantes. Esta inadequação de ingestão calórica, caso não seja revertida, é prejudicial a estes pacientes, ocasionando diversas complicações clínicas, afetando diretamente o desfecho e/ou a alta do paciente
Malnutrition is a frequent condition in critically ill patients. This can be accentuated due to inadequate supply through enteral nutrition. Objective: To analyze quality indicators to identify the frequency of events related to enteral nutritional therapy. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective study, carried out in an emergency and trauma hospital, in the city of Goiânia (GO), with patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs), in the period of October 2021. Data collection was carried out through electronic medical records completed by medical professionals, nurses and nutritionists at the unit. Results: The adequacy of prescribed volume versus infused volume was 86.59%. The frequency of energy delivery resulted in 3.23% energy adequacy. The frequency of days of adequate protein administration was adequate, corresponding to ≥ 10% of the frequency of days of adequate protein administration. Conclusion: The prescribed volume versus infused volume and days of adequate protein administration were adequate. There were relevant caloric inadequacies between prescribed and received calories, suggesting that patients had significant energy deficits. This inadequacy of caloric intake, if not reversed, is harmful to these patients, causing several clinical complications, directly affecting the outcome and/or discharge of the patient
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Intensive Care Units , Hospitals, StateABSTRACT
Background: Access to pain management has been recognized as a fundamental human right. Inadequate pain relief hampers the quality of life and has a physiological and psychosocial impact on the patient and caregivers. Inadequate pain relief remains the leading cause of suffering in hospitalized patients worldwide. Objective: The objective of this article is to provide adequate pain relief to hospitalized patients through proper assessment, treatment, and monitoring of pain by the trained health-care workers through a sustainable and effective institutional pain management policy. Methods: The formulation of pain management policy at a tertiary care teaching institute was conducted in three phases – Phase 1: need assessment by an open?label, uncontrolled, prospective observational study over 1 month period, Phase 2: teaching, training, and awareness of health?care workers, and Phase 3: constitution of the committee at the institute level with the formation of pain resource teams. Results: An open?label, prospective observational study conducted over 1 month revealed that among 814 hospitalized patients, 108 out of 235 (46%) patients in medical and 385 out of 579 (66.5%) patients in the surgical cohort had NRS score of ?3, implying an inadequate pain relief even at 24 h following medical or surgical intervention, respectively. Conclusion: The provision of effective and adequate pain relief to hospitalized patients requires trained health-care workers and a uniform and structured pain management policy at the institutional level. Recognition and addressal of the barriers and challenges while framing an institutional pain policy is of utmost importance.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O treinamento com vibração de corpo inteiro (WBV, do inglês Whole Body Vibration) foi recentemente proposto como um método de treinamento com potencial para melhorar a composição corporal e prevenir osteoporose e perda de massa óssea.18 Nos últimos anos, alguns estudos mostraram que o WBV pode ser um modo de treinamento benéfico na força, resistência física, atividades relacionadas à mobilidade (transferência, equilíbrio e caminhada) em pacientes com esclerose múltipla19, diabetes tipo 220, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica21 e receptores de transplante cardíaco.22 Torna-se relevante em razão ao alto impacto na funcionalidade e consequentemente qualidade de vida dos pacientes hospitalizados. OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da vibração de corpo inteiro no paciente hospitalizado. MÉTODOS: Revisão de ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados (ECR) e estudo piloto nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline e PEDro. As pesquisas nas bases de dados foram realizadas através de combinações (utilizando os conectores "AND" e "OR") através das estratégias de pesquisa PICOS pacientes hospitalizados, vibração de corpo inteiro, fisioterapia, e seus respectivos correlatos em inglês: "hospitalized patients", "whole body vibration", "physiotherapy". Utilizou-se a escala PEDro com o ponto de corte ≥5 para análise da qualidade metodológica. Os critérios de elegibilidade; incluiu pacientes adultos (com idade ≥18 anos); um desenho de ensaio clínico controlado randomizado e estudo piloto; pacientes que utilizaram a vibração de corpo inteiro no âmbito hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 6 artigos, publicados entre os anos 2014 e 2018, a terapia mostrou-se eficaz em pacientes hospitalizados, havendo significância em alguns desfechos TC6- 167,9 ± 117,46m para 263,45±22124,13m; p<0,001 e VEF1- 32,71 ±13,18% pred. para 3,71± 13,89%, entretanto não houve diferença estatística na PA e FC. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da vibração de corpo inteiro mostrou-se segura e viável em pacientes hospitalizados. O TC6 e o VEF1 apresentado em todos os artigos demonstraram significantes, entretanto não houve diferença estatística na PA e FC. Portanto, é necessário ensaios clínicos randomizados para investigar a eficácia e os efeitos adversos dessa terapia. Embora efeitos positivos tenham sido relatados, sugerimos outras investigações em maior escala com parâmetros controlados e protocolos bem elaborados.
INTRODUCTION: Whole Body Vibration (WBV) training was recently proposed as a training method with the potential to improve body composition and prevent osteoporosis and bone loss.18 In recent years, some studies have shown that WBV can be a beneficial training mode in strength, physical endurance, mobilityrelated activities (transfer, balance, and walking) in patients with multiple sclerosis19, type 2 diabetes20, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease21, and recipients of heart transplantation.22 It becomes relevant due to the high impact on the functionality and consequently the quality of life of hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of whole-body vibration in hospitalized patients. METHODS: Review randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) and a pilot study in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and PEDro databases. The searches in the databases were carried out through combinations (using the "AND" and "OR" connectors) through the search strategies PICOS hospitalized patients, whole-body vibration, physiotherapy, and their respective counterparts in English: "hospitalized patients" "whole-body vibration," "physiotherapy. The PEDro scale with a cutoff point ≥5 was used to analyze the methodological quality. Eligibility criteria; included adult patients (aged ≥18 years); a randomized controlled clinical trial and pilot study design; patients who used whole-body vibration in the hospital setting. RESULTS: Six articles published between 2014 and 2018 were included. The therapy proved to be effective in hospitalized patients, with significance in some outcomes 6MWT- 167.9 ± 117.46m to 263.45 ±22124.13m; p<0.001 and FEV1-32.71 ±13.18% pred. for 3.71 ± 13.89%, however, there was no statistical difference in BP and HR. CONCLUSION: The use of whole-body vibration proved safe and viable in hospitalized patients. The 6MWT and FEV1 presented in all articles were significant. However, there was no statistical difference in BP and HR. Therefore, randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate this therapy's efficacy and adverse effects. Although positive effects have been reported, we suggest further investigations with controlled parameters and well-designed protocols on a larger scale.
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Patients , Vibration , Physical Therapy ModalitiesABSTRACT
【Objective:】 To understand the status and influencing factors of treatment compliance in hospitalized patients with rheumatic diseases, and to provide the basis for formulating targeted measures to improve treatment compliance. 【Methods:】 From February 2021 to June 2021, a total of 488 hospitalized patients with rheumatic diseases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were selected as the research subjects by convenience sampling method. General information questionnaire and rheumatism treatment compliance questionnaire (CCQR) were used for cross-sectional investigation to analyze the influencing factors. 【Results:】 The CCQR score of hospitalized patients with rheumatic diseases was(71.52±11.43), of which 114(23.36%) patients scored ≥80 and 374(77.64%) patients scored<80. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had the highest CCQR score(73.14±11.37), and patients with ankylosing spondylitis had the lowest CCQR score (68.45±13.00). The results of multivariate analysis showed that gender, marital status, occupational status and family income were the main influencing factors of patients’ treatment compliance (P<0.05). 【Conclusions:】 The treatment compliance of hospitalized patients with rheumatic diseases is low, and its compliance is mainly affected by gender, marital status, occupational status and family income. Clinical medical staff should take effective intervention measures according to the specific situation of patients, implement humanistic care, and improve patients’ treatment compliance.
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Objective:To investigate the current status of knowledge expectation satisfaction of orthopedic patients during hospitalization, and to analyze the main influencing factors.Methods:From March 2021 to July 2021, a total of 320 orthopedic inpatients from Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were selected by convenient sampling method, who were investigated by the general information, Patient Participation Ability Questionnaire, Excepted Knowledge of Hospital Patients and a self-designed questionnaire of actual accepted knowledge on the basis of this scale.Results:The highest level of knowledge expectation satisfaction in the functional dimension (-0.40 ± 0.32), and the lowest level in the economic dimension (-1.27 ± 0.38) ( t=22.45, 59.64, both P<0.01). Knowledge expectation difference was positively correlated with information acquisition ability ( r=0.802, P<0.01) and emotion management ability( r=0.671, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level, hospitalization experience, information acquisition ability and ability to manage emotions were the main influencing factors for this difference ( t values were -6.40-13.17, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The level of knowledge expectation satisfaction of orthopedic patients′ needs to be further improved. According to the level of education, hospitalization experience, information acquisition ability and emotion management ability of patients, nurses should formulate measures to improve the level of knowledge expectation satisfaction.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia (SAR) in hospitalized patients with lung malignant tumor and to identify the risk factors, so as to inform the nutritional management of lung malignant tumor patients.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. Adult patients admitted into the lung cancer ward of a Class A tertiary hospital in Beijing from December 2021 to March 2022 were screened for enrollment. Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002 was applied for eligible patients within 24 hours of admission. Medical history was obtained via questionnaire survey, laboratory test results prior to any intervention were extracted from Hospital Information System and muscle mass was measured using bio-impedance analysis. SAR was diagnosed according to the recommendation from Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) in 2019.Results:Among the enrolled 126 hospitalized patients with lung cancer, the prevalence of SAR was 19.8% (25/126). The prevalence was 19.6% in males and 21.4% in females, with no significant difference. Patients aged 65 years or above showed significantly higher SAR prevalence of 27.4% than those who were young or middle-aged (9.4%, P = 0.013). Older age (OR = 4.43, P = 0.048), lower BMI (OR = 0.644, P = 0.001), lower serum creatinine (OR = 0.931, P = 0.008), comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, OR = 13.748, P = 0.007) and comorbidity of coronary artery disease (OR = 13.748, P = 0.007) were risk factors for SAR in lung cancer patients. SAR risk was significantly increased in patients ≥ 65 years old and in those with COPD or coronary artery disease. Conclusions:Lung cancer patients showed high prevalence of SAR. For hospitalized patients with lung cancer, especially the elderly, a moderate BMI level and good management of comorbidities including COPD and coronary artery disease may help delay SAR development.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic heart failure in the adult hospitalized population and to analyze the related disease burden. Methods A total of 326 chronic heart failure samples from adult inpatients in Yanliang District, Xi'an City from 2019 to 2021 were selected for analysis. The three-year epidemic situation was described and analyzed, and the information on the disease burden (hospitalization and cost, quality of life) caused by heart failure was collected, and the disease burden was preliminarily analyzed. The study used the Chinese version of the Minnesota heart failure quality of life questionnaire (Minnesota lving with heart failure questionnaire, MLHFQ) to measure the quality of life of patients during hospitalization. Results Among the patients in this study, there were 196 male patients (60.12%) and 130 female patients (39.88%), with an average age of (57.14±13.64) years, and the highest incidence was in the age group of 60-69 years. The highest proportion of cardiac function grades I to IV is grade III, and the lowest is grade I; coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is the first cause, followed by hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy and rheumatism. Sexual heart valve. In addition, the patients' primary disease duration was on average (7.14±3.05) years. 26.99% of patients had blood pressure exceeding the standard during hospitalization. The average length of hospitalization of the subjects was (12.97±4.52) d, and there were significant differences in the length of hospitalization between patients with different age groups, different cardiac function grades, different primary diseases, and different primary disease durations (all P<0.05). The median medical expenses of the subjects during hospitalization were 31 373.70 (15 250.65, 47 005.15) yuan. The quality of life scores of the patients with heart failure in this study were (44.65±14.47), (35.91±12.58) in the physical domain, and (53.66±19.81) in the emotional domain. And the quality of life of male patients is lower; the quality of life of heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertension is lower; the level of cardiac function increases, and the quality of life score decreases. Conclusion In recent years, the elderly inpatients with chronic heart failure in Yanliang District, Xi'an City, the middle-aged, the high-level cardiac function, the patients with cardiomyopathy and hypertensive heart disease, and the patients with the normal course of the primary disease have longer hospitalization time and higher medical expenses. Male patients, patients with heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertension, and patients with higher cardiac function grades have lower quality of life.
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RESUMEN Introducción: La alta transmisión de la COVID-19 propicia que el personal de salud contraiga la infección durante la atención a los pacientes con la probabilidad de propagarla a otros pacientes hospitalizados y compañeros de trabajo. Objetivo: Describir un brote intrahospitalario de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal realizado en el Hospital Universiario Clínico Quirúrgico " General Calixto García" , La Habana en marzo de 2020. Se estudiaron 545 personas entre pacientes y trabajadores. Los datos se recolectaron mediante fichas clínico-epidemiológicas e historias clínicas. Los casos se describieron según: tipo de personal de salud, servicios que atienden, sexo, síntomas, signos y comorbilidades. Se realizó una matriz de contactos y para evaluar la intensidad del brote se calculó el número reproductivo y el valor de dispersion. Resultados: De los 545 estudiados, 30 % fueron pacientes y 70 % trabajadores de siete servicios, 30 tuvieron el diagnóstico confirmado de SARS-CoV-2. Las acciones de control de foco se dirigieron a la identificacion, notificacion y aislamiento de los enfermos. La edad promedio fue de 45 años, el cuadro clínico caracterizado por tos, disnea y astenia. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes (60 %) fueron hipertensión arterial, cardiopatia isquémica y diabetes mellitus, asintomaticos 53,3 % y tres fallecidos. La tasa de ataque fue de 5,5 %. Conclusiones: Los trabajadores más afectados son los médicos y las enfermeras. La oportunidad en las acciones del control de foco y la calidad en la investigacion epidemiológica son esenciales para lograr un control efectivo.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The high transmission of COVID-19 has resulted in healthcare workers becoming infected while caring for patients and spreading the disease to other hospital patients or coworkers. Objective: To describe an in-hospital COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in March 2020 at the "General Calixto García Íñiguez" Clinical-Surgical University Hospital, Havana. The study included 545 individuals among patients and healthcare workers. The data was collected from the clinical-epidemiological profiles and the medical records. Each case was described using the following criteria: type of health worker, service provided, sex, signs, symptoms, and comorbidities. To determine the outbreak intensity, a contact matrix was created and the reproductive number and the dispersion value were calculated. Results: Of the 545 studied individuals, 30% were patients and 70% workers of seven services, 30 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Outbreak control actions were aimed at identifying, reporting and isolating sick individuals. The average age was 45 years. The clinical pictures was characterized by cough, dyspnea and asthenia. The most common comorbidities (60%) were hypertension, ischemic cardiopathology, and diabetes mellitus; 53.3% were asymptomatic and three people died. The attack rate was 5.5%. Conclusions: During the outbreak, medical doctors and nurses were the most affected. The timeliness of outbreak control actions and the quality of the epidemiological investigation are essential to ensure effective control.
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as principais experiências com a biblioterapia voltadas para pessoas acometidas por doenças variadas, sejam físicas e/ou mentais, ou sociais no Brasil e no exterior. Justifica-se por apresentar a função terapêutica da leitura. Sua base são os conceitos teóricos e históricos da biblioterapia, o conhecimento das principais experiências com a biblioterapia no Brasil e um comparativo entre a realidade nacional e internacional da sua utilização. Para tanto, foi feita uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa e bibliográfica em bases de dados nacionais e internacional (LISA) com material publicado sobre experiências que utilizassem a biblioterapia para o bem-estar do indivíduo. Desse modo, observa-se que o Brasil caminha para ampliação da utilização da terapia, enquanto outros países a utilizam nos âmbitos hospitalar, escolar, prisional, entre outros. Isso permite concluir que a biblioterapia proporciona saúde e bem-estar aos que dela fazem uso.
This study aims to find out the main experiences with bibliotherapy aimed at people affected by various diseases, whether physical and/or mental, or social in Brazil and abroad. It is justified by presenting the therapeutic function of reading. This study is based on the theoretical and historical concepts of bibliotherapy, the knowledge of the main experiences with bibliotherapy in Brazil and comparing it with the national and international reality regarding its use. To this end, it is an exploratory, qualitative and bibliographic research, which searched for published material on national and international databases (LISA) on experiences that used bibliotherapy for the well-being of the individual. Thus, it is observed that Brazil is moving towards expanding the use of therapy, while other countries use it in hospitals, schools, prisons, among others. This allows us to conclude that bibliotherapy provides health and well-being to those who use it.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo conocer las principales experiencias con biblioterapia dirigidas a personas afectadas por diversas enfermedades, físicas y/o mentales, o sociales en Brasil y en el exterior. Se justifica presentando la función terapéutica de la lectura. Este estudio se basa en los conceptos teóricos e históricos de la biblioterapia, el conocimiento de las principales experiencias con biblioterapia en Brasil y su comparación con la realidad nacional e internacional en cuanto al uso de esta terapia. Para ello, se trata de una investigación exploratoria, cualitativa y bibliográfica, que buscó material publicado en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales (LISA) sobre experiencias que utilizaron la biblioterapia para el bienestar del individuo. Así, se observa que Brasil avanza hacia la expansión del uso de la terapia, mientras que otros países la utilizan en diversos nichos, como hospital, escuela, prisión, entre otros. Esto nos permite concluir que la biblioterapia brinda salud y bienestar a quienes la utilizan.
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Humans , Reading , Therapeutics , Bibliotherapy , Brazil , Patients , Case Reports , Qualitative Research , Library ScienceABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction It is now evident that the loss of smell and/or taste may be consistent accompanying symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objective To estimate the social behavior of recent anosmic non-hospitalized patients in the COVID-19 pandemic and to try to obtain the natural pattern in society in a cross-sectional study. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted on 4,860 patients with anosmia complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients who needed a consultation for an anosmia complaint confirmed that they had completed the survey regarding age, gender, history of general diseases, history of nasal disease, associated COVID-19 symptoms, smoking, blood group, and risk factors. Results A total of 4,860 patients with a mean age of 34.26 ± 11.91 years completed the study. There was a predominance of female patients: 3,150 (58.9%). Most patients (4,083 patients; 83%) developed sudden anosmia. In 85% (4131 patients) of the patients, a previous history of contact with anosmic patients was present. The most prevalent blood group was O (39%). In total, 67.4% of the patients underwent medical treatment. A history of unusual influenza attacks in December 2020 was reported by by 27% (1312 patients) of the patients. Conclusion Despite large diversity of behaviors among anosmic patients in the COVID-19 pandemic, we can observe a great similarity in the pattern of anosmia in non-hospitalized patients, especially in the way it spreads, the predisposing factors, and the individual recovery.
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Background:In wide range, urinary tract infection (UTI) is a substantial and second most popular bacterial infection affecting individuals of overall ages worldwide. The chronicity of divergent bacterial isolates and their propensity to various antibiotics may contradict widely, peculiarly in hospitalized patients, this makes the survey of vulnerability pattern extremely mandatory for correct selection of antibiotics. Objective: To appraise antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the Gram negative organisms identified from urine cultures of hospitalized patients. Methodology:Total 500 urine samples from hospitalized patients with significant bacteriuria were surveyed. Using Blood and MacConckey agar, samples were inoculated. Further identification and investigation of organisms was done by standard Microbiological methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern was interpreted by Modified Kirby- Bauer's disc diffusion method with the group of 15 drugs as per Clinical Laboratories Standard Institute (CLSI) protocols.Results:UTIs were frequent in females 290 (58%). Familiar organism found was Escherichia coli 260 (52%) further accompanied by Klebsiellaspp.120 (24%), Pseudomonas spp.40 (8%), Proteus spp. 38 (7.6%), Citrobacter spp.25(5%) and Acinetobacterspp. 17 (3.4%). Mass of the strains were found sensitive to nitrofurantoin followed by amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactamand cotrimoxazole. Commonly prescribed fluroquinolones were found least effective for treatment of UTI. All the strains were found sensitive to imipenem. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) was noted in E.coli and in Klebsiella spp.Conclusion:To break the continuity of non selective use of antibiotics and to intercept further development of bacterial drug resistance, proper knowledge of susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in particular area is very important before prescribing any empirical antibiotic therapy
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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory virus infection in hospitalized patients, and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and to develop relevant intervention measures. Methods A total of 414 hospitalized patients with respiratory virus infection admitted to our hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were selected. Immunofluorescence method was used to qualitative detect parainfluenza virus type 1-3, influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza B virus and adenovirus. Results Among the 414 ARTI patients, 84 cases were positive for respiratory virus, with a positive detection rate of 20.29% (84/414 ) . 76 cases were positive for single virus infection, with a positive detection rate of 18.36% (76/414) . The positive detection rate was 1.93% (8/414). The most common pathogens of virus infection were influenza A virus (25.00%), influenza B virus (20.23%) and RSV(17.86%). There was statistical significance in the positive rate of ARTI among different age groups (χ2, P2, P0.05). The positive rate of PIV3 was the highest in spring (4.04%), and the positive rate of RSV in spring and winter was 24.24% and 25.20%, respectively. The positive rates of influenza A virus and influenza B virus were the highest in winter (9.45%) and (7.09%). There was statistical significance in the positive rate of ARTI among different clinical diagnoses (χ2, P<0.05). The positive rates of PIV2, PIV3, influenza A virus and influenza B virus were significantly different (P<0.05). The positive rate of bronchopneumonia virus was the highest (27.48%). Conclusion: RSV infection is the most common in patients with acute respiratory virus infection in Chengdu area, which mostly occurs in autumn and winter, and the main clinical manifestation is bronchopneumonia. The main infected population is children under 8 years old, and the surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus should be strengthened in the future.
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Cada año, unas 800 mil personas mueren por suicidio. Dada la importancia del estudio de la conducta suicida para la salud pública en general, y para la salud mental en particular, y habida cuenta de su alta frecuencia, se consideró oportuno realizar esta investigación con el objetivo de caracterizar a los pacientes con conducta suicida, que recibieron atención médica en un hospital universitario. Este fue un estudio descriptivo, con muestreo no probabilístico, de casos consecutivos. Se incluyó a 127 pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados en el Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay, entre 2014 y 2018. El 78% de la muestra era del sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 29±13 años. El 28,16% de los pacientes presentó conducta suicida. En cuanto a los diagnósticos psiquiátricos que poseían estos pacientes, la mayor frecuencia fue para el trastorno límite de la personalidad (43,3%), seguido por trastorno depresivo mayor (18,9%). El 53,5% de los pacientes tenía antecedentes de algún intento previo de suicidio. Los métodos más utilizados fueron ingesta de medicación (42,5%), ahorcamiento (16,5%) y cortes en el antebrazo (11,8%). Los resultados encontrados coinciden con la literatura médica e investigaciones al respecto y sirven para caracterizar a esta población, sin embargo, se deben tener en cuenta las limitaciones propias del diseño del presente estudio. Conocer las características principales de aquellas personas con conducta suicida permite a profesionales de la salud estimar el riesgo vital y establecer planes de atención
Each year about 800 thousand people die from suicide. Given the importance of the study of suicidal behavior for public health in general, and for mental health in particular, and given its high frequency, it was considered appropriate to conduct this research in order to characterize patients with suicidal behavior, who received medical attention at a university hospital. This was a descriptive study, with non-probabilistic sampling, of consecutive cases. One hundred twenty-seven patients who were hospitalized, between 2014 and 2018, in the Psychiatry Service of the Hospital de Clínicas of the National University of Asunción, Paraguay, were included. Seventy eight percent of the sample was female, with a mean age of 29±13 years while 28.16% of the patients presented suicidal behavior. As for the psychiatric diagnoses that these patients possessed, the highest frequency was for borderline personality disorder (43.3%), followed by major depressive disorder (18.9%). Fifty-three-point five percent of the patients had a history of some previous suicide attempt. The most used methods were medication intake (42.5%), hanging (16.5%) and cuts in the forearm (11.8%). The results coincide with the medical literature and research in this regard and serve to characterize this population, however, the limitations of the design of the present study must be considered. Knowing the main characteristics of those with suicidal behavior allows health professionals to estimate life risk and establish care plans