ABSTRACT
Anemia is frequent in preterm infants. Red blood cell transfusion practices vary between different centers. The objective of this study was to review red blood cell transfusion practices in preterm infants between 2020 and 2021. This was a narrative review that included studies published on PubMed (Medline) and Web of Science between October 2020 and October 2021. Ten studies were included finally. Red blood cell transfusion frequency was variable. Some neonatal units did not report transfusion protocols. Most studies reported volumes of 10-15 ml/kg per transfusion. The implementation of an anemia care bundle and adoption of restrictive transfusion resulted in a reduction in the number of transfusions, the volume transfused, and a reduction in the rate of multiple transfusions. We suggest that neonatal units that care for preterm infants should have a transfusion protocol based on the best evidence available and this issue may improve.
A anemia é frequente nos bebês prematuros. As práticas de transfusão de glóbulos vermelhos variam entre os diferentes hospitais. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar as práticas de transfusão de glóbulos vermelhos em bebês prematuros entre 2020 e 2021. Esta foi uma revisão narrativa que incluiu estudos publicados no PubMed (Medline) e Web of Science entre outubro de 2020 e outubro de 2021. Dez estudos foram definitivamente incluídos. A frequência de transfusão de glóbulos vermelhos foi variável. Algumas unidades neonatais não relataram protocolos de transfusão. A maioria dos estudos relatou volumes de 10-15 ml/kg por transfusão. A implantação de um conjunto de cuidados para anemia e a adoção de transfusão restritiva resultaram em uma redução do número de transfusões, do volume transfundido e uma redução na taxa de transfusões múltiplas. Sugerimos que as unidades neonatais que prestam cuidados a bebês prematuros devem ter um protocolo de transfusão baseado em evidências para que todo esse problema melhore.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Erythrocyte Transfusion , AnemiaABSTRACT
RESUMEN La acondroplasia severa con retraso del desarrollo y acantosis nigricans (SADDAN) es una rara y letal displasia esquelética. Presentamos el primer caso detectado en Perú, en un infante de 13 meses con características fenotípicas de macrocefalia relativa, tórax estrecho, extremidades micromélicas y piel en acordeón; asimismo, un marcado retraso del desarrollo psicomotor en todos los hitos (prueba peruana) y acantosis nigricans. El paciente tuvo mala evolución clínica caracterizada por crisis convulsivas recurrentes, dificultad respiratoria progresiva, y falleció por insuficiencia respiratoria concomitante a neumonía. Esta entidad requiere del acceso a exámenes específicos como el panel de displasias esqueléticas, la cual no es parte de la oferta en la mayoría de los hospitales del Perú. Se requiere una mayor atención las enfermedades raras, a fin de proveer diagnósticos e información oportuna a los involucrados.
ABSTRACT Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans (SADDAN) is a rare and lethal skeletal dysplasia. We present the first case detected in Peru, in a 13-month-old infant with phenotypic characteristics of relative macrocephaly, narrow thorax, micromelic extremities and accordion skin; likewise, a marked delay in psychomotor development in all milestones (Peruvian test), and acanthosis nigricans. The patient had a poor clinical evolution characterized by recurrent seizures, progressive respiratory difficulty, dying from respiratory failure concomitant to pneumonia. This entity requires access to specific exams such as the skeletal dysplasia panel, which is not part of the offering in most hospitals in Peru. Greater attention is required for rare diseases, to provide timely diagnoses and information to those involved.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: investigating the relationship between breast milk use infection control in premature newborns may provide a basis for continuing exclusive breastfeeding, reducing the rates of early introduction of formula and strengthening their immune system. In view of this, the objective was to analyze the relationship between breastfeeding and infection control in premature newborns. Content: an integrative review, which included original articles, available electronically and with a temporal cut of the last five years. Searches were carried out in August 2022 in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct databases, using the descriptors Breastfeeding, Milk Human, Infection Control, Infection Control and Premature Newborn, concatenated with the search operators "AND" and "OR". The Rayyan digital tool was used to organize the study selection stages. A total of 490 studies were identified in the search, of which seven were selected. All studies were published in English between 2018 and 2022. Regarding design, three were case-control studies, one was a cohort, one was cross-sectional, and two were clinical trials. Regarding the level of evidence, studies classified as level IV predominated. Conclusion: human breast milk has the power to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and cytomegalovirus, reduce the worsening of inflammatory states and late-onset sepsis, prevent diseases, encourage the physical and cognitive development of premature newborns.(AU)
Justificativa e Objetivos: a investigação da relação do uso de leite materno com o controle de infecções em recém-nascidos prematuros poderá fornecer embasamento para continuidade do aleitamento materno exclusivo, diminuindo os índices de introdução precoce de fórmula e propiciando o fortalecimento de seu sistema imunológico. Diante disso, objetivou-se analisar a relação do aleitamento materno com o controle de infecções em recém-nascidos prematuros. Conteúdo: revisão integrativa, que incluiu artigos originais, disponíveis eletronicamente e com recorte temporal dos últimos cinco anos (2018 a 2022). Foram realizadas buscas no mês de agosto de 2022 nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scopus, Web of Science e Science Direct, sendo utilizado os descritores Aleitamento Materno, Leite Humano, Controle de Infecções, Controle de Infecção e Recém-Nascido Prematuro, concatenados com os operadores de pesquisa "AND" e "OR". Foi utilizada a ferramenta digital Rayyan para a organização das etapas de seleção dos estudos. Foram identificados 490 estudos na busca, dos quais sete foram selecionados. Todos os estudos foram publicados em inglês entre 2018 e 2022. Quanto ao delineamento, três eram estudos de caso controle, um era coorte, um era transversal e dois eram ensaios clínicos. Em relação ao nível de evidência, predominaram os estudos classificados em nível IV. Conclusão: o leite humano materno tem o poder de diminuir a incidência de enterocolite necrosante e citomegalovírus, reduzir o agravamento de estados inflamatórios e de sepse tardia, prevenir doenças, estimular o desenvolvimento físico e cognitivo do recém-nascido prematuro.(AU)
Justificación y Objetivos: investigar la relación entre el uso de la leche materna y el control de infecciones en los recién nacidos prematuros puede brindar una base para continuar con la lactancia materna exclusiva, reducir las tasas de introducción temprana de fórmula y fortalecer su sistema inmunológico. Ante ello, el objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la lactancia materna y el control de infecciones en recién nacidos prematuros. Contenido: revisión integradora, que incluyó artículos originales, disponibles electrónicamente y con un corte temporal de los últimos cinco años. Las búsquedas se realizaron en agosto de 2022 en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Web of Science y Science Direct, utilizando los descriptores Lactancia Materna, Leche Humana, Control de Infecciones, Control de Infecciones y Recién Nacido Prematuro, concatenado con los operadores de búsqueda "AND" y "OR". Se utilizó la herramienta digital Rayyan para organizar las etapas de selección de estudios. En la búsqueda se identificaron 490 estudios, de los cuales se seleccionaron siete. Todos los estudios fueron publicados en inglés entre 2018 y 2022. En cuanto al diseño, tres fueron estudios de casos y controles, uno fue de cohorte, uno fue transversal y dos fueron ensayos clínicos. En cuanto al nivel de evidencia predominaron los estudios clasificados como nivel IV. Conclusión: la leche materna humana tiene el poder de reducir la incidencia de enterocolitis necrotizante y citomegalovirus, reducir el agravamiento de estados inflamatorios y sepsis tardía, prevenir enfermedades, estimular el desarrollo físico y cognitivo de los recién nacidos prematuros.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Breast Feeding , Infant, Premature , Infection ControlABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the difference and reliability of blood 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), an indirect screening index for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), between preterm and full-term infants.Methods:In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 210 285 newborns who underwent CAH screening at the Neonatal Screening Center of Shanghai Children′s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected, including 14 312 premature infants and 195 973 full-term infants.The concentration of 17-OHP in dried blood spots on filter paper was determined by an automatic fluorescence analyzer.The distribution of 17-OHP levels in preterm and full-term infants and its statistical index were analyzed.The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normal distribution.The skewed distribution data was converted into approximately normal distribution using Box-Cox.Outliers were eliminated by the interquartile range method.The cumulative frequency distribution map was drawn by R language programming.The 99.5 th percentile value was used as the screening threshold and compared with the reference value given by the manufacturer or laboratory and with the reference change value (RCV). Results:According to the threshold provided by the laboratory, 26.76‰ of premature infants were tested positive in preliminary screening, and 4 were confirmed with an incidence of 1∶3 578, while 0.79‰ of full-term infants were tested positive in preliminary screening, and 11 were confirmed with an incidence of 1∶17 816.The thresholds for CAH screening established indirectly were 20.35 nmol/L in preterm infants and 10.78 nmol/L in full-term infants.The relative deviations between the indirect CAH screening thresholds and the manufacturer′s or laboratory′s CAH screening thresholds were higher than the RCV, respectively.According to the indirect CAH screening thresholds, the negative and positive coincidence rates of 65 samples in 13 batches from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention interlaboratory quality assessment program in the United States reached 100%.A retrospective analysis of 210 285 neonates showed that 17-OHP concentration was higher than the screening threshold in all CAH-positive neonates.The application of this screening threshold reduced the false positive rate of preterm infants by 59.79%.Conclusions:It is feasible to establish the CAH screening thresholds for premature and full-term infants by an indirect method, which can improve the efficiency of screening and provide better diagnostic basis for clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
Objective:The prediction model of feeding intolerance in preterm infants was established and validated to provide guidance for clinical practice.Methods:This was a case-control study. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 210 premature infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks from September 2022 to May 2023. They were divided into training and validation sets in a 1∶1 ratio. The univariate and multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis were performed on training set samples, first identified the risk factors for feeding intolerance occurrence, and established a premature feeding intolerance risk prediction model based on these risk factors. Visualized the model using a column chart. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and clinical decision curves in the training and validation sets, respectively. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the differentiation ability of the model, the calibration curve was used to evaluate the consistency of the model, and clinical decision-making was used to evaluate the net benefit status of patients when the model guides clinical interventions.Results:Among them, there were 84 cases in the feeding tolerance and 126 cases in the feeding intolerance. There were 53 males and 31 females with feeding tolerance aged (32.38 ± 1.37) weeks and 73 males and 53 females with feeding intolerance aged (30.01 ± 2.14) weeks. Through univariate Logistic regression analysis of 12 related variables, there were significant differences between the feeding tolerance premature infants and the feeding intolerance premature infants in 8 variables of premature birth weight, birth asphyxia, caffeine use, delayed defecation, gestational age, lactation time, non-invasive ventilation time, and invasive ventilation time ( OR values were 0.032-18.706, all P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression ultimately screened out three variables, namely premature infant body mass, delayed defecation, and non-invasive ventilation time ( OR = 0.073, 4.926, 1.244, all P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the training and validation sets were 0.906 and 0.876, respectively. The calibration curves of the training and validation sets indicated that the model had high consistency. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed that χ2 = 7.92, P = 0.442. Conclusions:The prediction model established in this study has high discrimination, calibration, and clinical practical value, and can accurately predict the risk of feeding intolerance in premature infants, providing reference basis for timely nursing and clinical intervention.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To select and obtain relevant evidence on the prevention and management of gastric retention in premature infants, so as to form the best summary of evidence.Methods:According to the "6S" evidence model system, we searched the domestic and foreign evidence-based databases, relevant guide websites, and association websites for all literature on the prevention and management of gastric retention in premature infants, including clinical decisions, guidelines, best practice information books, evidence summaries, systematic evaluations, and expert consensus. The search period was from January 1, 2013 to June 8, 2023.Results:A total of 12 articles were included, including 5 guidelines, 1 recommended practice, 5 systematic reviews, 1 expert consensuses. A total of 20 pieces of best evidence were collected, mainly involving 6 aspects of feeding management, placement of gastric tube, position management, gastric residue monitoring, gastric residue treatment, intervening measure.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence for the prevention and management of gastric retention in premature infants, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical management of gastric retention and promote the establishment of enteral nutrition in premature infants.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of histologic chorioamnionitis(HCA)on clinical outcomes of preterm infants with a gestational age<34 weeks.Methods This retrospective study enrolled 497 cases of premature infants with a gestational age<34 weeks and their mothers who were hospitalized in the Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022.According to whether the pathology of placenta was diagnosed as HCA or not,patients were divided into the HCA group(257 cases)and the control group(240 cases).The propensity score matching analysis was performed at a ratio of 1︰1.Ten items were matched,including gestational age,birth weight,gender,cesarean section,gestational diabetes mellitus,gestational hypertension,placental abruption,premature rupture of membranes,use of antenatal glucocorticoids and assisted reproductive technology.The differences of major complications and survival rate were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 156 pairs premature infants were successfully matched.Before matching,the incidences of early-onset sepsis(EOS)and bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)were higher in the HCA group than those of the control group(26.1%vs.7.5%,45.1%vs.25.8%,P<0.01).The incidence of EOS was higher in the HCA group than that of the control group after matching(24.4%vs.7.7%,P<0.01),and the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)was significantly lower in the HCA group than that in the control group after matching(34.0%vs.46.8%,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in survival rate and the incidences of other complications between the two groups before and after matching(P>0.05).Conclusion Preterm infants exposed to HCA have a higher risk of EOS and a lower risk of NRDS after propensity score matching.HCA has no significant effect on survival rate and other complications of premature infants.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the perinatal prognosis and its impact factors for premature infants with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) who were born at ≤34 weeks of gestation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 68 pregnancies of TTTS with gestational age ≤34 weeks at delivery, among them 106 preterm infants (TTTS group) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2003 to February 2019. During the same period, another 178 twins without TTTS, congenital malformation, and intrauterine intervention who matched the TTTS group in maternal age (differences within two years) and gestational age (differences within one week) were assigned as non-TTTS group. Perinatal prognosis of TTTS infants born at ≤34 weeks was analyzed by comparing the differences in postnatal early complications and perinatal outcomes (survival time morn than 28 days or not) between the TTTS and non-TTTS groups, recipient and donor twins, mild and severe TTTS infants, and among TTTS infants with different intrauterine interventions. The risk factors for perinatal survival in TTTS infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks were analyzed. Two independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, rank-sum test, Chi-square test, and ordered logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results:(1) Among the 68 pregnancies, the overall perinatal survival rate of the neonates was 72.1% (98/136), the double-twin survival rate was 48.5% (33/68), and the rate of at least one survivor was 95.6% (65/68). (2) In the TTTS group, 62 were recipients and 44 were donors. Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ TTTS was found in 41 cases (mild TTTS group) and stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ in 65 cases (severe TTTS group). (3) The rate of severe brain injury was higher in the severe-TTTS group than those in the mild-TTTS group [9.2% (6/65) vs. 0.0% (0/41), χ 2=4.01, P=0.045]. (4) Gestational age ≤28 weeks ( OR=101.90, 95% CI: 5.07-2 048.37), stage Ⅳ ( OR=14.04, 95% CI: 1.56-126.32) and stage Ⅴ TTTS ( OR=51.09, 95% CI: 3.58-728.81) were independent risk factors for death within 28 days (all P<0.05). (5) Compared with the non-TTTS group, the TTTS group had higher rates of neonatal anemia [51.9% (55/106) vs. 33.1% (59/178), χ 2=9.71], polycythemia [5.7% (6/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=7.18], neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension [3.8% (4/106) vs. 0.0% (0/178), χ 2=6.81], sepsis [15.1% (16/106) vs. 7.3% (13/178), χ 2=4.40], state Ⅲ or higher retinopathy of prematurity [3.8% (4/106) vs. 0.0% (0/178), χ 2=6.81], congenital cardiac structural abnormality [19.8% (21/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=33.45], heart failure [8.5% (9/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=12.29], and renal insufficiency [14.2% (15/106) vs. 1.1% (2/178), χ 2=20.04] (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the twin premature infants without TTTS, those with TTTS and ≤34 gestational age were more likely to have cardiac, cerebral, and renal complications. The more severe the TTTS, the higher the incidence of severe brain injury. TTTS preterm infants with gestational age ≤28 weeks and stage Ⅳ or above have high risk of death.
ABSTRACT
With the development of neonatal intensive care, both the live birth rate and survival rate of preterm infants, especially in extremely preterm infants, have escalated. However, the long-term adverse prognosis of preterm infants became increasingly conspicuous. In the field of kidney disease, the existing clinical data have substantiated a higher susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD) development during childhood or adulthood in preterm and low-birth-weight infants when compared with full-term infants. This suggests that preterm and/or low birth weight increases the risk for long-term CKD. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to long-term CKD associated with preterm and/or low birth weight and the mechanism involved in this process is unknown. Current studies have suggested that reduced nephron and podocyte depletion are involved in this process, but detailed molecular mechanism remains inadequate. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of long-term CKD correlated with preterm and/or low birth weight.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of bloodstream infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in preterm infants, and to provide basis for early clinical diagnosis and infection control. Methods:The clinical data of infants with CRKP bloodstream infection admitted to the Preterm Infants Ward of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors for death in preterm infants caused by CRKP bloodstream infection were explored through multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the clinical value of each factor on evaluating prognosis. The area under curves (AUC) of each factor in different ROC curve were compared by Delong′s test.Results:A total of 96 preterm infants with CRKP bloodstream infection were included, including 70 in the survival group and 26 in the death group. The first onset symptoms of CRKP bloodstream infection in preterm infants were persistent tachycardia (heart rate>180 per minute) (69 cases, 71.9%), fever (61 cases, 63.5%), and apnea (59 cases, 61.5%). There were 88(91.7%) cases of infection combined with septic shock, and 91(94.8%) cases required vasoactive drug support. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) within 48 hours of onset (odds ratio ( OR)=1.058, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.022 to 1.095, P=0.001), concurrent purulent meningitis ( OR=8.029, 95% CI 1.344 to 47.972, P=0.022), and concurrent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) ( OR=10.881, 95% CI 1.566 to 75.580, P=0.016) were independent risk factors for death in preterm infants with CRKP bloodstream infection. The ROC curve showed that the AUCs for evaluating the prognosis of preterm infants with NEC and purulent meningitis were 0.784 and 0.711, respectively. The AUC for evaluating the prognosis of preterm infants with a maximum VIS ≥52.5 points within 48 hours of onset was 0.840, and the AUC for combining the three factors was 0.931. Compared with NEC and purulent meningitis, the AUC for combining factors was higher, the differences were statistically significant ( P=0.002, P<0.001). Conclusions:Preterm infants with CRKP bloodstream infection who have a maximum VIS ≥52.5 points within 48 hours of onset, with NEC and purulent meningitis have a higher risk of death.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy (OCI) on the mortality of preterm newborns (PTNB) with very low birth weight (VLBW). Method Non-randomized clinical trial, carried out with 138 mother-child pairs attended at a public maternity hospital. The treatment group used raw colostrum, dripping 4 drops (0.2 ml) into the oropharyngeal mucosa, totaling 8 administrations in 24 h, up to the 7th complete day of life (OCI). The control group was composed of newborns admitted to the same maternity hospital before the implementation of the OCI. Analyzes were performed: descriptive, bivariate, multiple logistic regression, and survival analysis, with a significance level of 5% and 95% CI. Results The treatment group had an RR of death of 0.26 (95% CI = 0.07-0.67; p= 0.00), adjusted for maternal age, marital status, gestational hypertension, type of delivery, number of prenatal visits, and birth weight. Number Needed to Treat (NNT) demonstrated that for every 5 individuals treated with OCI, one death was prevented NNT = 4.9 (95% CI = 1.84-5.20); however, for PTNB with VLBW who remained hospitalized for 50, 100 and 150 days, the NNT reduces to 4, 4 and 3, respectively. Conclusion The OCI proved to be a beneficial intervention, since it reduced the risk of mortality in PTNB with VLBW when compared to the control group.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the cognitive development of preterm infants at six and 12 months of corrected age and the associations with perinatal and socioeconomic factors. Methods: Cognitive development of 40 infants (20 preterm and 20 full-term) at six and 12 months of age was evaluated using the Bayley-III scale. Correlations between cognitive outcome and associated factors were assessed using Spearman correlation. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with covariance was applied to identify changes on cognitive score between six and 12 months. Results: Bayley-III cognitive score in preterm group was significantly lower than in full-term group at both six and 12 months of age. Birth weight correlated with cognitive performance at six months and head circumference at birth at 12 months, in full-terms infants. The occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis was inversely associated with cognitive score in preterms at 12 months. An increase in cognitive score was observed between six and 12 months in both groups, but the gain was more pronounced in preterms. Conclusions: These findings suggest some cognitive recovery capacity in the first year despite the restrictions imposed by premature birth and emphasize the importance of early interventions in this population.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianças pré-termo aos seis e 12 meses de idade corrigida e as associações com fatores perinatais e socioeconômicos. Métodos: O desenvolvimento cognitivo de 40 crianças (20 pré-termo e 20 a termo) foi avaliado aos seis e 12 meses de idade, utilizando a escala Bayley-III. Correlações entre resultados cognitivos e fatores associados foram avaliadas pelo teste de correlação de Spearman. A análise de regressão linear múltipla stepwise com covariância foi aplicada para identificar mudanças na pontuação cognitiva entre seis e 12 meses. Resultados: O escore cognitivo no grupo pré-termo foi significativamente menor que no grupo a termo aos seis e 12 meses. O peso ao nascer foi diretamente associado com o desempenho cognitivo aos seis meses e perímetro cefálico ao nascimento aos 12 meses, nas crianças a termo. A ocorrência de enterocolite necrosante foi inversamente associada ao desempenho cognitivo em pré-termos, aos 12 meses. Verificou-se aumento na pontuação cognitiva entre seis e 12 meses nos dois grupos, porém mais pronunciado no pré-termo. Conclusões: O estudo sugere que crianças pré-termo apresentam alguma capacidade de recuperação cognitiva no primeiro ano, apesar das restrições impostas pelo nascimento prematuro, e enfatizam a importância de acompanhamento dessa população desde os primeiros meses de vida.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify weaknesses in the continuity of care for preterm infants discharged from a neonatal unit, based on the perspective of professionals in the family health strategy. Method: Qualitative research, carried out with 16 professionals from four health regions in a capital city in the center-west of Brazil. Data collection took place from October to December 2020, through semi-structured, individual, and in-person interviews. Data underwent content analysis, supported by the concept of continuity of care. Results: The analysis consisted of three categories: Challenges for care in the unit and referral to specialized services; weak interactions between the preterm baby's family and health professionals; Information: essential aspect for the connection between health professionals and the family of the preterm newborn. Conclusion: Health services are shown to be fragile in terms of the dimensions of continuity of care, contributing to the discontinuity of care for preterm children.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar debilidades en la continuidad de la atención al recién nacido prematuro egresado de una unidad neonatal, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la estrategia de salud de la familia. Método: Investigación cualitativa, realizada con 16 profesionales de cuatro regiones sanitarias de una capital del centro-oeste de Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó de octubre a diciembre de 2020, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, individuales y presenciales. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido, sustentado en el concepto de continuidad de la atención. Resultados: Tres categorías comprendieron el análisis: Desafíos para la atención en la unidad y derivación a servicios especializados; Interacciones débiles entre la familia del bebé prematuro y los profesionales de la salud; Información: aspecto esencial para la vinculación entre los profesionales de la salud y la familia del recién nacido prematuro. Conclusión: Los servicios de salud son frágiles en términos de continuidad de la atención, lo que contribuye a la discontinuidad de la atención a los niños nacidos prematuros.
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as fragilidades para a continuidade do cuidado ao pré-termo egresso de unidade neonatal, a partir da perspectiva de profissionais da estratégia saúde da família. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada junto a 16 profissionais de quatro regionais de saúde de uma capital do centro-oeste do Brasil. A coleta dos dados ocorreu nos meses de outubro a dezembro de 2020, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, individuais e presenciais. Os dados foram submetidos à analise de conteúdo, sustentada pelo conceito da continuidade do cuidado. Resultados: Três categorias compuseram a análise: Desafios para o atendimento na unidade e para o encaminhamento aos serviços especializados; Interações frágeis entre família do pré-termo e profissionais de saúde; Informação: aspecto essencial para a conexão entre profissionais de saúde e família do recém-nascido pré-termo. Conclusão: Os serviços de saúde mostram-se frágeis quanto às dimensões da continuidade do cuidado colaborando para a descontinuidade da atenção à criança nascida pré-termo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , National Health Strategies , Infant, Premature , Continuity of Patient Care , Patient Discharge , Health PersonnelABSTRACT
Objetivo: construir e validar um formulário para a transição de cuidados com o neonato prematuro. Método: estudo metodológico realizado em três etapas: levantamento do referencial teórico-metodológico, análise semântica e validação de conteúdo, baseado no Modelo de Construção de Instrumentos e utilizando o método de Delphi, sendo considerado aprovado quando o índice de validação de conteúdo foi maior que 80%.Resultados: o formulário composto por seis domínios foi aprovado após três rodadas, com 64itens e alcançou uma aprovação média de 89%.Conclusão: o formulário de transição de cuidados foi validado quanto a face e conteúdo, disponibilizando uma nova tecnologia a ser utilizada para a transição de informações de forma padronizada e segura.
Objective:to construct and validate a form for transition of care for premature newborns. Method:a methodological study carried out in three steps: theoretical-methodological framework survey, semantic analysis and content validity, based on the instrument construction model and using the Delphi method, being considered approved when the Content Validity Index was greater than 80%. Results:the form consisting of six domains was approved after three rounds, with 64 items, and achieved a mean approval of 89%. Conclusion:the transition of care form was validated in terms of face and content, providing a new technology to be used for standardized and safe transition of information.
Objetivo:construir y validar un formulario para la transición de la atención al recién nacido prematuro. Método:estudio metodológico realizado en tres etapas: levantamiento del marco teórico-metodológico, análisis semántico y validación de contenido, con base en el modelo de construcción de instrumentos y mediante el método Delphi, considerándose aprobado cuando el índice de validación de contenido fue superior al 80%. Resultados:el formulario compuesto por seis dominios fue aprobado después de tres rondas, con 64 ítems, y alcanzó una tasa de aprobación promedio del 89%. Conclusión:el formulario de transición de atención fue validado en términos de apariencia y contenido, proporcionando una nueva tecnología para ser utilizada para la transición de información de forma estandarizada y segura.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Discharge , Infant, Premature , Neonatal Nursing , Continuity of Patient Care , Biomedical TechnologyABSTRACT
Introdução: o nascimento de um bebê prematuro, por vezes, necessita de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, o que resulta na mudança de toda dinâmica familiar. Isso ocorre devido ao longo período de hospitalização para o bebê e consequente permanência dos pais no ambiente hospitalar. Objetivo: conhecer os desafios da prematuridade e o papel do apoio social na percepção das mães durante o internamento do seu filho em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, cujos dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas, com sete mães, entre março e agosto de 2018. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: verificou-se que entre os desafios mais comuns enfrentados pelas mães durante o período de internação estão relacionados ao medo da perda do filho hospitalizado, o apoio da equipe de enfermagem e da família as principais estratégias para enfrentar este momento. Conclusão: o reconhecimento dos desafios enfrentados e o apoio social por familiares e pela equipe de enfermagem são fundamentais a fim de minimizar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas famílias dos recém-nascidos durante o processo de hospitalização.
Introduction: the birth of a premature baby sometimes requires hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit, which results in a change in all family dynamics. This occurs due to the long period of hospitalization for the baby and the consequent permanence of the parents in the hospital environment. Objective: to know the challenges of prematurity and the role of social support in the perception of mothers during their child's hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methodology: study with a qualitative approach, whose data were collected through interviews with seven mothers, between March and August 2018. The data were submitted to content analysis proposed by Bardin. Results: it was found that among the most common challenges faced by mothers during the period of hospitalization are related to the fear of losing the hospitalized child, the support of the nursing team and the family are the main strategies to face this moment. Conclusion: recognition of the challenges faced and social support by family members and the nursing team are essential in order to minimize the difficulties faced by families of newborns during the hospitalization process.
Introducción: el nacimiento de un bebé prematuro en ocasiones requiere hospitalización en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, lo que resulta en cambios en toda la dinámica familiar. Esto ocurre debido al largo período de hospitalización del bebé y la consecuente estancia de los padres en el ambiente hospitalario. Objetivo: comprender los desafíos de la prematuridad y el papel del apoyo social en la percepción de las madres durante la hospitalización de su hijo en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Metodología: estudio cualitativo, cuyos datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas a siete madres, entre marzo y agosto de 2018. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin. Resultados: se encontró que entre los desafíos más comunes que enfrentan las madres durante el período de hospitalización están relacionados con el miedo a perder a su hijo hospitalizado, siendo el apoyo del equipo de enfermería y de la familia las principales estrategias para afrontar este momento. Conclusión: el reconocimiento de los desafíos enfrentados y el apoyo social por parte de los familiares y del equipo de enfermería son fundamentales para minimizar las dificultades que enfrentan las familias de los recién nacidos durante el proceso de hospitalización.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between gestational age and green areas, urban built areas, and the concentration of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in the city of São Paulo, analyzing the irregular distribution of these areas and pollution levels above the recommended level. METHODS The study population consisted of a cohort of live births from 2012, and data from the Live Birth Information System (Sinasc) of the city of São Paulo were used. Using satellite images and supervised classification, the distribution and quantity of green areas and built areas in the city of São Paulo was obtained, as well as the concentrations of PM2.5. Logistic regressions were used to obtain possible associations. RESULTS The results of the study show that a lower percentage of green areas is significantly associated with a higher chance of preterm births. A higher building density was positively associated with the odds ratio for preterm birth. We did not find any significant associations between air pollution (PM2.5) and preterm births. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that greener areas are less associated with preterm births when compared with less green areas.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a associação entre a idade gestacional e as áreas verdes, áreas construídas urbanas e a concentração de material particulado 2,5 (MP2,5) em São Paulo, analisando a distribuição irregular dessas áreas e os níveis de poluição acima do recomendado. MÉTODOS A população utilizada no estudo foi a dos nascidos vivos no ano de 2012, com os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivo (Sinasc) na cidade de São Paulo. Por meio de imagens de satélites e realizando a classificação supervisionada, obtivemos a distribuição e quantidade de áreas verdes e de áreas construídas, na cidade de São Paulo, assim como as concentrações de MP2,5. Regressões logísticas foram utilizadas para obter possíveis associações. RESULTADOS Os resultados do estudo mostram que menor percentual de áreas verdes está associado significativamente com maior chance de prematuridade. Maior densidade de construção foi associada positivamente com a razão de chance de nascimento prematuro. Não encontramos resultados significativos entre a poluição do ar (MP2,5) e prematuridade. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados deste estudo demostraram que áreas mais verdes em relação às áreas menos verdes são menos associadas a nascimentos prematuros.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Air Pollution , Green Areas , Parks, Recreational , Built EnvironmentABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo Analisar a suficiência de leite humano nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, segundo o quantitativo de prematuros, demanda estimada de leite humano e consumo efetivo. Métodos Estudo transversal em Postos de Coleta e Bancos de Leite Humano cadastrados na Rede Paulista de Bancos de Leite Humano em 2017. Utilizou-se dados de estatísticas vitais censitárias de 2017 para identificar a distribuição dos prematuros nas Redes Regionais de Atenção à Saúde. Resultados Participaram do estudo 100% dos Postos de Coleta e 84,6% dos Bancos de Leite Humano de São Paulo. Identificou-se uma insuficiência na distribuição do leite humano pasteurizado, entre a demanda estimada e o consumo efetivo dos prematuros. No período do estudo, apenas as regiões Centro e Sudeste atendiam 100% da cobertura de leite humano, seguidas da região do grande ABC com 44,62%. Conclusão A maioria dos Postos de coleta e Bancos de Leite humano da região metropolitana de São Paulo, não atendem todas as crianças prematuras. O gerenciamento destas unidades pode contribuir para estimular a captação de doadoras e a otimização do leite humano coletado.
Resumen Objetivo Analizar la suficiencia de leche humana en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de la Región Metropolitana de São Paulo, de acuerdo con la cantidad de prematuros, la demanda estimada de leche humana y el consumo efectivo. Métodos Estudio transversal en Puntos de Recolección y Bancos de Leche Humana registrados en la Red Paulista de Bancos de Leche Humana en 2017. Se utilizaron datos de estadísticas vitales censitarias de 2017 para identificar la distribución de los prematuros en las Redes Regionales de Atención en Salud. Resultados Participaron en el estudio el 100 % de los Puntos de Recolección y el 84,6 % de los Bancos de Leche Humana de São Paulo. Se identificó una insuficiencia en la distribución de leche humana pasteurizada entre la demanda estimada y el consumo efectivo de los prematuros. En el período del estudio, solo las regiones Centro y Sudeste atendían el 100 % de la cobertura de leche humana, seguidas por la región del Gran ABC con el 44,62 %. Conclusión La mayoría de los Puntos de Recolección y Bancos de Leche Humana de la región metropolitana de São Paulo no atiende a todos los bebés prematuros. La administración de estas unidades puede contribuir para estimular la captación de donantes y la optimización de la leche recolectada.
Abstract Objective To analyze human milk sufficiency in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo according to the number of premature babies, estimated demand for human milk and actual consumption. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, carried out at Human Milk Collection Stations and Human Milk Banks registered with the São Paulo Network of Human Milk Banks in 2017. Data from 2017 census vital statistics were used to identify premature baby distribution in Regional Health Care Networks. Results 100% of Human Milk Collection Stations and 84.6% of Human Milk Banks in São Paulo participated in the study. Pasteurized human milk distribution insufficiency was identified between estimated demand and actual consumption by premature babies. During the study period, only the Center and Southeast regions met 100% of human milk coverage, followed by the Greater ABC region, with 44.62%. Conclusion Most Human Milk Collection Stations and Human Milk Banks in the metropolitan region of São Paulo do not assist all premature children. The management of these units can contribute to encouraging donor recruitment and collected human milk optimization.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy on the length of hospital stay in preterm newborns with very low birth weight. Methods: interventional ambispective study, which consisted of eight daily administrations of 0.2 ml (four drops) of colostrum, totaling up to 56 syringes (for up to seven days). The control was historic. The main independent variable: length of hospital stay (days). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier Method and the survival effect was estimated - Log Rank Test (Mantel-Cox) and Breslow Test (Generalized Wilcoxon). A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: of the 109 mother/child pairs, 56 were part of the treatment and 53 were part of the control group. There was no association between oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy and length of stay for preterm newborns with very low birth weight in the general sample. However, after stratification, a shorter hospital stay (42 versus 51 days, HR= 1.78, CI95%=1.02-3.09, p=0.04) was demonstrated among premature infants with ≥28 gestational weeks undergoing oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy. Conclusions: we found an association between oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy and shorter median length of hospital stay in the subgroup of premature infants ≥ 28 weeks of gestational age, but we did not find significant differences in those <28 weeks.
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o efeito da imunoterapia orofaríngea de colostro no tempo de internamento hospitalar de recém-nascidos pré-termos de muito baixo peso. Métodos: estudo de intervenção, ambispectivo, que consistiu em oito administrações diárias de 0,2 ml (quatro gotas) de colostro, totalizando até 56 seringas (por até sete dias). O controle foi histórico. A variável independente principal: tempo de permanência hospitalar (dias). Realizada análise de sobrevivência pelo Método de Kaplan-Meier e estimado o efeito da sobrevida - Teste de Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) e Teste de Breslow (Wilcoxon Generalizado). Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: das 109 duplas mães/filho, 56 fizeram parte da análise do grupo tratamento e 53 do controle. Não houve associação entre imunoterapia orofaríngea de colostro e tempo de internamento de recém-nascidos pré-termos de muito baixo peso na amostra geral. Após estratificação demonstrou-se menor tempo de permanência hospitalar (43 versus 51 dias, HR=1,78, IC95%= 1,02-3,09, p=0,04) entre os prematuros com ≥28 semanas gestacionais submetidos a imunoterapia orofaríngea de colostro. Conclusões: encontrou-se associação entre imunoterapia orofaríngea de colostro e menor mediana de tempo de internamento hospitalar no subgrupo de prematuros ≥ 28 semanas de idade gestacional, porém não foram encontradas diferenças significativas naqueles < 28 semanas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Oropharynx , Infant, Premature , Colostrum , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Immunotherapy , Length of StayABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association between the time to initiate the first skin-to-skin contact (SSC) and the daily practice time with the rates of late-onset sepsis in newborns ≤1,800g. Methods: a multicentric cohort study was carried out at the neonatal units located in three Brazilian geographic regions. The SSC time was recorded in individual files by the hospital staff and the newborn's parents. Maternal and neonatal data were obtained from medical records and through questionnaires applied to the mothers. Data analysis was carried out using a tree algorithm classification, which divided the data set into mutually exclusive subsets that best described the variable response. Results: 405 newborns participated in the study, with an average of 31.3 ± 2.7 weeks and 1,412g (QR=1,164-1,605g) as a median birth weight. The first SSC was carried out within 137 hours of life (≤5.7 days) was associated with a lower rate of late sepsis (p=0.02) for newborns who underwent daily SSC of 112.5 to 174.7 min/day (1.9 to 2.9h/day), with a reduction in the sepsis rate from 39.3% to 27.5%. Furthermore, the duration of SSC >174.7min/day (>2.9h/day) was relevant (p<0.001) for newborns who weighed >1,344g, with a reduction in this rate from 24.1% to 6%. Conclusions: SSP has been proven to be significant in reducing late-onset sepsis rates in preterm newborns, especially when carried out in a timely manner (≤5.7 days) and prolonged (>2.9h/day).
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre o tempo para iniciar o primeiro contato pele a pele (CPP) e o tempo diário praticado com a taxa de sepse tardia em recém-nascidos ≤1.800g. Métodos: coorte multicêntrica realizada em unidades neonatais de três regiões geográficas brasileiras. O CPP foi registrado em ficha individual pela equipe e pais do recém-nascido. Dados maternos e neonatais foram obtidos por questionários aplicados às mães e em prontuários médicos. A análise dos dados foi realizada por algoritmo da árvore de classificação, que dividiu o conjunto de dados em subconjuntos mutuamente exclusivos que melhor descreveram a variável resposta. Resultados: 405 recém-nascidos participaram do estudo, com média de 31,3±2,7 semanas de idade gestacional e mediana de peso ao nascer 1.412g (IQ=1.164-1.605g). Realizar o primeiro CPP com até 137h de vida (≤5,7 dias) foi associado a menor taxa de sepse tardia (p=0,02) para recém-nascidos que fizeram CPP diário de 112,5 a 174,7 min/dia (1,9 a 2,9h/dia), com redução na taxa de sepse (39,3% para 27,5%). Além disso, a duração do CPP>174,7min/dia (>2,9h/dia) foi relevante (p<0,001) para os recém-nascidos >1.344g, com redução nesse desfecho (21,1% para 6%). Conclusões: o CPP mostrou-se importante para redução das taxas de sepse tardia em recém-nascidos pré-termo, especialmente quando realizado de forma oportuna (≤5,7 dias) e prolongada (>2,9h/dia).
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Kangaroo-Mother Care Method , Neonatal Sepsis/diagnosis , Brazil , Risk Factors , Cohort StudiesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy among Brazilian women with preterm births and to compare the epidemiological characteristics and perinatal outcomes among preterm births of women with and without hypertension. Methods This was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth. During the study period, all women with preterm births were included and further split into two groups according to the occurrence of any hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. Prevalence ratios were calculated for each variable. Maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and gestational and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups using χ2 and t-tests. Results A total of 4,150 women with preterm births were included, and 1,169 (28.2%) were identified as having hypertensive disorders. Advanced maternal age (prevalence ratio (PR) 2.49) and obesity (PR= 2.64) were more common in the hypertensive group. The gestational outcomes were worse in women with hypertension. Early preterm births were also more frequent in women with hypertension. Conclusion Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were frequent among women with preterm births, and provider-initiated preterm births were the leading causes of premature births in this group. The factors significantly associated with hypertensive disorders among women with preterm births were obesity, excessive weight gain, and higher maternal age.