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Abstract Objective: to investigate the factors associated with extubation failure of patients in the intensive care unit. Method: unpaired, longitudinal, retrospective and quantitative case-control with the participation of 480 patients through clinical parameters for ventilator weaning. Data were analyzed by: Fisher's exact test or the chi-square test; unpaired two-tailed Student's t test; and Mann-Whitney test. Significant P values lower than or equal to 0.05 were admitted. Results: of the patients, 415 (86.5%) were successful and 65 (13.5%) failed. Success group: the most negative fluid balance, APACHE II in 20 (14-25), weak cough in 58 (13.9%). Failure group: the most positive fluid balance, APACHE II in 23 (19-29), weak cough in 31 (47.7%), abundant amount of pulmonary secretions in 47.7%. Conclusion: positive fluid balance and the presence of inefficient cough or inability to clear the airway were predictors of extubation failure.
Resumo Objetivo: investigar os fatores associados à falha de extubação de pacientes na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: caso-controle não pareado, longitudinal, retrospectivo e quantitativo com a participação de 480 pacientes por meio de parâmetros clínicos para desmame ventilatório. Dados analisados por: Teste Exato de Fisher ou o teste Qui-quadrado; teste t de Student bicaudal não pareado; e teste de Mann-Whitney. Admitiram-se significantes valores de P menores ou iguais a 0,05. Resultados: dos pacientes, 415 (86,5%) tiveram sucesso e 65 (13,5%) falharam. Grupo sucesso: balanço hídrico mais negativo, APACHE II em 20 (14-25), tosse fraca em 58 (13,9%). Grupo falha: balanço hídrico mais positivo, APACHE II em 23 (19-29), tosse fraca em 31 (47,7 %), quantidade abundante de secreção pulmonar em 47,7 %. Conclusão: o balanço hídrico positivo e a presença de tosse ineficiente ou incapacidade de higienizar a via aérea foram preditores de falhas de extubação.
Resumen Objetivo: investigar los factores asociados al fracaso de la extubación de pacientes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Método: caso y control no apareado, longitudinal, retrospectivo y cuantitativo con la participación de 480 pacientes mediante parámetros clínicos para el destete de la ventilación. Datos analizados por: Prueba Exacta de Fisher o prueba de Chi-cuadrado; prueba t de Student de dos colas para datos no apareados; y prueba de Mann-Whitney. Se admitieron valores de P significativos menores o iguales a 0,05. Resultados: de los pacientes, 415 (86,5%) tuvieron éxito y 65 (13,5%) fracasaron. Grupo de éxito: balance hídrico más negativo, APACHE II en 20 (14-25), tos débil en 58 (13,9%). Grupo de fracaso: balance de líquidos más positivo, APACHE II en 23 (19-29), tos débil en 31 (47,7%), abundante cantidad de secreciones pulmonares en 47,7%. Conclusión: el balance hídrico positivo y la presencia de tos ineficaz o incapacidad para higienizar la vía aérea fueron predictores de fracaso de la extubación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , APACHE , Bodily Secretions , Airway Extubation/adverse effects , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) remains a surgical challenge and is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CABG in patients with LVD. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 160 consecutive patients (133 males, 27 females, mean age 62.1±10.12 years [range 37 to 86 years]) who had a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 45% determined by echocardiography and underwent elective isolated CABG between September 2013 and December 2018. Preoperative echocardiographic data, such as ejection fraction, left ventricular (LV) end-systolic diameter, and LV end-diastolic diameter, were collected and evaluated. Preoperatively, 85 (53.13%) patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV and the mean LVEF was 38.65±5.72% (range 20 to 45). Results: The overall hospital mortality was 5% (eight patients). Late follow-up was obtained in 152 (90%) cases (median follow-up time was 56,5 [3-87] months postoperatively). During follow-up, mortality developed in 11.3% (16 patients). Mean LVEF increased significantly from 38.78±5.59% before surgery to 43.29±8.46% after surgery (P<0.01). Mean late survival, freedom from coronary reintervention, and congestive heart failure rates were 86.3±3.3%, 88.7±3.9%, and 89.4±3.1%, respectively. Conclusion: In patients with LVD, CABG can be performed with low postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with LVD could benefit from coronary bypass surgery regarding postoperative LV systolic function and higher quality of life.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) é um distúrbio crônico e progressivo, que evolui com o declínio da função pulmonar. Embora sua cronicidade, são comuns períodos de agudização acompanhados de Insuficiência Respiratória Aguda hipercápnica, requisitando permanência nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e Ventilação Mecânica Invasiva (VMI) para reversão da falência respiratória. O desmame na DPOC ocupa até 58% da VM, logo, se faz necessário estratégias específicas para otimização desse processo, com a utilização de modos e ajustes ventilatórios que promovam um desmame precoce e efetivo. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos da Ventilação com Pressão de Suporte quando comparado com modos e estratégias distintas no desmame de pacientes com DPOC. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática, construída seguindo critérios do PRISMA, registrada na PROSPERO (CRD42022362228). Considerados elegíveis ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados que avaliaram o modo PSV em comparação com modos e estratégias distintas, em pacientes com diagnóstico de DPOC, em VMI, sem delimitação de ano/idioma. Foram excluídos artigos incompletos, duplicados e indisponíveis aos recursos de recuperação. Desfechos de interesse foram: duração do desmame, tempo de permanência na UTI e mortalidade. A estratégia foi aplicada nas bases: PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. As ferramentas Escala PEDro e RevMan Web foram utilizadas para análise da qualidade dos estudos e risco de viés, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Incluídos 8 artigos. 6 mostraram significância estatística, apresentando menor tempo de desmame no grupo ASV (24 (2062) h versus 72 (24144) h PSV) (p=0,041); mais dias na UTI quando comparado com o modo PAV (p<0,001). PSV foi mais eficaz nos mesmos desfechos quando comparado com a estratégia Tubo-T. Houve diferenças quanto a taxa de mortalidade com o modo NAVA. CONCLUSÃO: Fica evidente que o modo PSV quando em relação a modos ventilatórios assistidos, tem potencial de fornecer piores desfechos associados ao processo de desmame da ventilação invasiva de pacientes com DPOC.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic and progressive disorder that evolves with the decline in lung function. Despite its chronicity, periods of exacerbation accompanied by hypercapnic Acute Respiratory Failure are common, requiring a stay in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) to reverse respiratory failure. Weaning in COPD occupies up to 58% of the MV, therefore, specific strategies are needed to optimize this process, using ventilatory modes and adjustments that promote early and effective weaning. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of Pressure Support Ventilation when compared with different modes and strategies in weaning patients with COPD. METHODS: Systematic review, constructed following PRISMA criteria, registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022362228). Randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluated the PSV mode in comparison with different modes and strategies, in patients diagnosed with COPD, on IMV, without delimitation of year/language, were considered eligible. Incomplete, duplicate and unavailable articles were excluded. Outcomes of interest were: duration of weaning, length of stay in the ICU and mortality. The strategy was applied in the bases: PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. The PEDro Scale and RevMan Web tools were used to analyze study quality and risk of bias, respectively. RESULTS: Included 8 articles. 6 showed statistical significance, showing shorter weaning time in the ASV group (24 (2062) h versus 72 (24144) h PSV) (p=0.041), and more days in the ICU when compared to the PAV mode (p<0.001). PSV was more effective on the same outcomes when compared with the T-tube strategy. There were differences in the mortality rate with the NAVA mode. CONCLUSION: It is evident that the PSV mode, when compared to assisted ventilation modes, has the potential to provide worse outcomes associated with the process of weaning from invasive ventilation in patients with COPD.
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Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Respiration, Artificial , WeaningABSTRACT
Abstract Background and objectives Postoperative delirium is common in critically ill patients and is known to have several predisposing and precipitating factors. Seasonality affects cognitive function which has a more dysfunctional pattern during winter. We, therefore, aimed to test whether seasonal variation is associated with the occurrence of delirium and hospital Length Of Stay (LOS) in critically ill non-cardiac surgical populations. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patients recovering from non-cardiac surgery at the Cleveland Clinic between March 2013 and March 2018 who stayed in Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) for at least 48 hours and had daily Confusion Assessment Method Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) assessments for delirium. The incidence of delirium and LOS were summarized by season and compared using chi-square test and non-parametric tests, respectively. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between delirium and LOS with seasons, adjusted for potential confounding variables. Results Among 2300 patients admitted to SICU after non-cardiac surgeries, 1267 (55%) had postoperative delirium. The incidence of delirium was 55% in spring, 54% in summer, 55% in fall and 57% in winter, which was not significantly different over the four seasons (p= 0.69). The median LOS was 12 days (IQR = [8, 19]) overall. There was a significant difference in LOS across the four seasons (p= 0.018). LOS during summer was 12% longer (95% CI: 1.04, 1.21; p= 0.002) than in winter. Conclusions In adult non-cardiac critically ill surgical patients, the incidence of postoperative delirium is not associated with season. Noticeably, LOS was longer in summer than in winter.
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Resumo Introdução O tratamento de pacientes críticos tem ganhado notoriedade nos últimos anos. As demandas de saúde desses pacientes são específicas e requerem internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), confirmando a necessidade de equipe multiprofissional especializada e qualificada, como preconiza a resolução RDC nº 7 de 2010, a qual aborda a necessidade da presença de terapeuta ocupacional nas UTIs. Objetivo Este estudo visa relatar as vivências do primeiro ano de atuação de uma terapeuta ocupacional na UTI geral adulto de um hospital privado de nível terciário de alta complexidade localizado na cidade de São Paulo e refletir sobre este campo de atuação. Método Trata-se de um relato de experiência realizado através da análise de prontuário e avaliação terapêutica ocupacional para posterior leitura da literatura existente. Resultados A identificação das intervenções terapêuticas ocupacionais perpassa por uso de tecnologia assistiva, ações de acolhimento e (re)habilitação das ocupações no ambiente de UTI. Conclusão A terapia ocupacional vem ganhando espaço no contexto de unidade de terapia intensiva geral adulta, onde a demonstração das reais ações terapêuticas ocupacionais ocasionou o reconhecimento, pela alta gestão hospitalar, dessas condutas junto ao paciente crítico e do papel dessa profissão na equipe multiprofissional.
Abstract Introduction The treatment of critically ill patients has gained prominence in recent years. The health demands of these patients are specific and require hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU), confirming the need for a specialized, qualified, and multidisciplinary team as recommended by resolution RDC No. 7 of 2010, which addresses the need for the presence of an occupational therapist in ICUs. Objective This study aims to report the experiences of the first year of an occupational therapist in the adult general ICU in a private high-complexity tertiary hospital located in the city of São Paulo, and to reflect on this field of action. Method This is an experience report conducted through the analysis of medical records and occupational therapeutic assessment for later reading of the existing literature. Results The identification of occupational therapeutic interventions involves the use of assistive technology, reception actions, and (re)habilitation of occupations in the ICU environment. Conclusion Occupational therapy has been gaining ground in the context of adult general intensive care unit, where the demonstration of real occupational therapy actions has led to the recognition, by high hospital management, of these approaches with critical patients and the role of this profession in the multiprofessional team.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity can influence intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between multimorbidity, ICU admissions, and deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19 recorded in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) in 2020. METHODS: Descriptive and stratified analyses of multimorbidity were performed based on sociodemographic, ventilatory support, and diagnostic variables. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios. RESULTS: We identified 671,593 cases of SARS caused by COVID-19, of which 62.4% had at least one morbidity. Multimorbidity was associated with male sex, age 60-70 and ≥ 80 years, brown and black skin color, elementary education and high school, ventilatory support, and altered radiologic exams. Moreover, all regions of the country and altered computed tomography due to COVID-19 or other diseases were associated with death; only the northeast region and higher education were associated with ICU admission. CONCLUSION: Our results showed an association between multimorbidity, ICU admission, and death in COVID-19 patients in Brazil.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be asymptomatic or symptomatic in pregnant women. Compared to non-pregnant reproductive-aged women, symptomatic individuals appear to have a higher risk of acquiring severe illness sequelae. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of pregnant COVID-19 patients unvaccinated for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 according to the trimester of pregnancy. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary-level hospital in Turkey. METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of 445 pregnant COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and 149 other pregnant women as controls in a tertiary center from April 2020 to December 2021. All participants were unvaccinated. RESULTS: Overall, the study groups were comparable in terms of baseline clinical pregnancy characteristics. There was no clear difference among the study participants with COVID-19 in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. However, a considerably high number of clinical and laboratory findings revealed differences that were consistent with the inflammatory nature of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The study results reveal the importance of careful follow-up of hospitalized cases as a necessary step by means of regular clinical and laboratory examinations in pregnant COVID-19 patients. With further studies, after implementing vaccination programs for COVID-19 in pregnant women, these data may help determine the impact of vaccination on the outcomes of pregnant COVID-19 patients.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can damage cardiac tissue by increasing troponin levels and inducing arrhythmias, myocarditis, and acute coronary syndrome. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac autonomic control in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional analytical study of ICU patients of both sexes receiving mechanical ventilation was conducted in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Patients were divided into COVID-19-positive (COVID(+)) and COVID-19-negative (COVID(-)) groups. Clinical data were collected and heart rate variability (HRV) records obtained using a heart rate monitor. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 82 subjects: 36 (44%) in the COVID(-) group (58.3% female; median age, 64.5 years) and 46 (56%) in the COVID(+) group (39.1% females; median age, 57.5 years). The HRV indices were lower than the reference values. An intergroup comparison identified no statistically significant differences in the mean normal-to-normal (NN) interval, standard deviation of the NN interval, or root mean square of successive differences in NN intervals. The COVID(+) group had an increased low frequency (P = 0.05), reduced high frequency (P = 0.045), and increased low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio (P = 0.048). There was a weak positive correlation between LF/HF and length of stay in the COVID(+) group. CONCLUSION: Patients who received mechanical ventilation had lower overall HRV indices. COVID(+) patients who received mechanical ventilation had lower vagal HRV components. These findings likely indicate clinical applicability, as autonomic control impairments are associated with a greater risk of cardiac death.
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Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas dos principais fatores que alteram a qualidade do sono e as consequências na vida de enfermeiros que atuam na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizado de dezembro de 2021 à maio de 2022. A busca efetuou-se, através da Plataforma BVS, SciELO e CAPES utilizando os descritores: sono, "trabalho em turnos", enfermagem e "unidades de terapia intensiva", combinados ao operador booleano "AND". Resultados: Existe uma relação muito próxima entre a exposição diária a fatores estressores relacionados ao ambiente desgastante e cansativo que é a UTI, a qualidade do sono dos enfermeiros que trabalham em turnos e as consequências na vida destes. Uma vez que o padrão do ciclo do sonovigília é alterado toda qualidade do sono sofre alterações irreparáveis influenciando diretamente com a qualidade de vida social e familiar trazendo prejuízo a saúde do trabalhador. Conclusão: Sendo assim um indicativo que os danos causados pela alteração do ciclo sono-vigília tanto são prejudicial à saúde psico-social do enfermeiro como a qualidade da assistência prestada por esse trabalhador aos pacientes que estão aos seus cuidados.
Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence of principais factors that alter the quality of sleep and the consequences in the lives of nurses working in the intensive care unit. Method: Integrative literature review, conducted from December 2021 to May 2022. The search was carried out, through the VHL, SciELO and CAPES Platform using the descriptors: sleep, "shift work", nursing and "intensive care units", combined with the Boolean operator "AND". Results: There is a very close relationship between daily exposure to stressors related to the exhausting and tiring environment that is the ICU, the quality of sleep of nurses working shifts and the consequences in their lives. Since the sleep-wake cycle pattern is altered all sleep quality undergoes irreparable changes directly influencing the social and family quality of life, harming the worker's health. Conclusion: Thus, it is indicative that the damage caused by the change in the sleep-wake cycle is both harmful to the psycho-social health of nurses and the quality of care provided by this worker to patients who are in their care.
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica de los factores de principais que alteran la calidad del sueño y las consecuencias en la vida de las enfermeras que trabajan en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada desde diciembre de 2021 hasta mayo de 2022. La búsqueda se realizó, a través de la Plataforma BVS, SciELO y CAPES utilizando los descriptores: sueño, "trabajo por turnos", enfermería y "unidades de cuidados intensivos", combinados con el operador booleano "AND". Resultados: Existe una relación muy estrecha entre la exposición diaria a factores estresantes relacionados con el ambiente agotador y agotador que es la UCI, la calidad del sueño de las enfermeras que trabajan por turnos y las consecuencias en sus vidas. Dado que el patrón del ciclo sueño-vigilia se altera, toda la calidad del sueño sufre cambios irreparables que influyen directamente en la calidad de vida social y familiar, perjudicando la salud del trabajador. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, es indicativo de que el daño causado por el cambio en el ciclo sueño-vigilia es perjudicial tanto para la salud psicosocial de las enfermeras como para la calidad de la atención prestada por este trabajador a los pacientes que están a su cargo.
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Sleep Quality , Shift Work Schedule , Intensive Care Units , Nurses, MaleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To analyze the compatible stability of commonly used intravenous drugs in the intensive care units （ICU）， and to provide a reference for improving medication safety in clinic. METHODS The commonly used intravenous drugs in the ICU of Hebei General Hospital were investigated and confirmed in April 1-30， 2022， and used as keywords to retrieve the relevant literature about compatible stability from PubMed， CNKI， Wanfang Data and other databases， and manually filtered with Micromedex database at the same time. Then， the compatible stability results of the included literature were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Totally 32 commonly used intravenous drugs and 39 mixed infusion combinations were collected from ICU of this hospital. A total of 40 studies were included， only 2 studies followed all quality requirements； 18 studies validated their methods to guarantee correct reproducibility； 33 studies evaluated physical stability， including precipitate formation and pH changes； 32 studies evaluated chemical compatibility， mainly content/concentration changes. A total of 666 possible two-drug combinations were obtained from the included literature， of which 254 combinations of stability data were available， including 176 were stable， 68 were unstable， and 10 were contradictory. Totally 412 combinations had no stability results. Among two-drug combinations in ICU of this hospital， 42 combinations were stable， 14 combinations were unstable， and 2 combinations were contradictory. CONCLUSIONS The pH， solvent， excipients and preparation concentration are the factors that affect the stability. There are drug combinations with unstable compatibility of commonly used intravenous drugs in ICU of this hospital. The stability study methods are limited， and the stability data cannot meet the actual clinical needs.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of different techniques of hepatic artery reconstruction on postoperative hepatic artery complications and clinical prognosis in liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 140 liver transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. All recipients were divided into the conventional hepatic artery reconstruction group (n=123) and special hepatic artery reconstruction group (n=17) according to hepatic artery reconstruction methods. Intraoperative and postoperative clinical indexes, the incidence of postoperative hepatic artery complications and survival rate were compared between two groups. Results The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels at postoperative 1 d, total bilirubin (TB) at postoperative 7 d and prothrombin time international normalized ratio (PT-INR) at postoperative 30 d in special hepatic artery reconstruction group were higher than those in conventional hepatic artery reconstruction group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the operation time, anhepatic phase, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative transfusion volume of red blood cells, cold or warm ischemia time, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, the length of hospital stay and postoperative blood flow of liver allograft between two groups (all P > 0.05). In the conventional hepatic artery reconstruction group, 5 recipients developed hepatic artery complications, whereas no hepatic artery complications occurred in the special hepatic artery reconstruction group, with no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). In the special hepatic artery reconstruction group, the 1-, 3- and 5-year cumulative survival rates were equally 82.4%, compared with 85.0%, 78.9% and 75.6% in the conventional hepatic artery reconstruction group, respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions When hepatic artery variations and (or) lesions are detected in donors and recipients, use of special hepatic artery reconstruction may effectively restore the hepatic arterial blood flow of liver allograft after liver transplantation, and will not affect the incidence of hepatic artery complications and survival rate of the recipients following liver transplantation.
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Introducción: En países en desarrollo, además de las comorbilidades, otros factores podrían aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad respiratoria severa. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los factores de riesgo clínicos, sociodemográficos y ambientales asociados al ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) de lactantes menores de 24 meses con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis. Materiales y métodos Diseño: caso- control. Se incluyó a lactantes de 0 a 24 meses de edad con el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis severa que ingresaron a la UCIP y los controles fueron lactantes bronquiolitis leve a moderada, sin requerimiento de UCIP. Se excluyeron las historias clínicas incompletas e imposibilidad de comunicación con los padres. Variables: bajo peso de nacimiento, parto pretérmino y presencia de enfermedades de base (EB), nivel socioeconómico, lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses de edad, exposición al humo ambiental y al tabaco. Los datos fueron analizados en SPSS V21. El comité de ética aprobó el estudio con consentimiento informado de los padres. Resultados : Fueron incluidos 220 pacientes. Caso control 1:1. En el análisis bivariado los casos se asoció la presencia de EB, bajo peso de nacimiento, prematuridad, bajo estrato socioeconómico y ausencia de LME hasta 6 meses En el análisis ajustado la bronquiolitis severa se asoció a presencia de EB, bajo estrato socioeconómico y ausencia de LME hasta los 6 meses. Conclusiones La bronquiolitis severa en lactantes menores de 24 meses, se asoció a la presencia de comorbilidades, falta de lactancia materna exclusiva y a la pertenencia a estratos socioeconómicos bajo.
Introduction: In developing countries, in addition to comorbidities, other factors could increase the risk of severe respiratory disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical, sociodemographic, and environmental risk factors associated with admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of infants younger than 24 months with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Materials and methods: the study design was case-control. Infants from 0 to 24 months of age with a diagnosis of severe bronchiolitis who were admitted to the PICU were included, and the controls were infants with mild to moderate bronchiolitis, without PICU requirement. Cases with incomplete medical records and the inability to communicate with parents were excluded. Variables: low birth weight, preterm delivery and presence of underlying diseases (UD), socioeconomic level, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to 6 months of age, exposure to environmental smoke and tobacco. Data were analyzed in SPSS V21. The hospital ethics committee approved the study and parental informed consent was obtained. Results: 220 patients were included. Control case 1:1. In the bivariate analysis, the cases were associated with the presence of UD, low birth weight, prematurity, low socioeconomic status, and absence of EBF for up to 6 months. In the adjusted analysis, severe bronchiolitis was associated with the presence of UD, low socioeconomic status, and absence of EBF up to 6 months. Conclusions: Severe bronchiolitis in infants under 24 months of age was associated with the presence of comorbidities, lack of exclusive breastfeeding, and belonging to low socioeconomic strata.
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Abstract Introduction: Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) produced by gram-negative bacteria have been associated with increased hospital morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stays, use of carbapenems, and higher health care costs. Few studies have assessed the risk factors for infection by ESBL-producing germs in intensive care units (ICU). Objective: To determine the risk factors for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) by ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in an ICU of a public tertiary care hospital and to assess the impact of this type of infection on mortality. Materials and methods: A case-control study with a 1:2 ratio (97 cases and 194 controls) was conducted in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU of a public tertiary care hospital in Bogotá D.C. (Colombia) between January 2016 and December 2019, and in which a HAI by ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae or E. coli (cases: n=97) or K. pneumoniae or E. coli with a normal antibiotic resistance pattern (controls: n=194) was documented. Bivariate analyses were performed using the chi-squared and the Mann-Whitney U tests. A logistic regression model was used in the multivariate analysis, and a two-tailed test was performed with the p-values obtained in the bivariate analyses. Results: ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates were identified in 57 (58.76%) and 40 (41.24%) patients, respectively. These isolates were obtained mainly from urine samples (30,92%), followed by peritoneal fluid (27.80%). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of urinary tract infection on admission to the ICU was identified as a risk factor (OR=5.63, 95%CI: 1.918-16.53;; p=0.002). The mortality rate was 28.17% (26.29% in the controls and 31.95% in the cases), but no significant difference was observed between groups (p=0.311). Conclusion: Urinary tract infection on admission to the ICU was a risk factor for HAIs by ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae or E. coli. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between cases and controls in terms of mortality.
Resumen Introducción. Las betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) producidas por gérmenes gram negativos se han asociado con aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad hospitalaria, mayor estancia hospitalaria, uso de carbapenémicos y mayores costos de atención en salud. Existen pocos trabajos que evalúen los factores de riesgo para infección por gérmenes productores de BLEE en unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI). Objetivo. Determinar los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS) por Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli productoras de BLEE en una UCI de un hospital público de tercer nivel de atención y evaluar el impacto de este tipo de infección en la mortalidad. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles con relación 1:2 realizado en pacientes críticamente enfermos admitidos entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2019 a la UCI de un hospital público de tercer nivel de Bogotá D.C., Colombia, y en los que se documentó una IAAS por K. pneumoniae o E. coli productoras de BLEE (casos; n=97) y por K. pneumoniae o E. coli con fenotipo de resistencia natural (controles; n=194). Se realizaron análisis bivariados mediante las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y U de Mann-Whitney. En el análisis multivariado se usó un modelo de regresión logística, con una prueba de dos colas con los valores p obtenidos en los análisis bivariados. Resultados. Se identificaron aislamientos de K. pneumoniae y de E. coli productoras de BLEE en 57 (58,76%) y 40 (41,24%) de los casos, respectivamente y estos aislamientos se obtuvieron principalmente de muestras de orina (30.92%), seguido de líquido peritoneal (27.83%). En el análisis multivariado, la presencia de infección de vías urinarias al ingreso a UCI fue identificada como factor de riesgo (OR=5.63, IC95%:1.918-16.527; p=0,002). La tasa de mortalidad fue del 28.17% (26.29% en los controles y 31.95% en los casos), pero no se observó una diferencia significativa entre grupos (p=0.311). Conclusión. La infección de vías urinarias al ingreso a la UCI fue un factor de riesgo para la IAAS por K. pneumoniae o E. coli productoras de BLEE. Además, no se observó una diferencia significativa entre los casos y controles en términos de mortalidad.
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O presente estudo aborda os protocolos odontológicos instituídos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva COVID de um Hospital do Extremo Sul Catarinense. A cavidade oral, considerada uma abertura para a entrada de microrganismos, possui características favoráveis ao seu crescimento, com temperatura e umidade ideais para sua sobrevivência em longo prazo. A odontologia, por manipular diretamente mucosa oral, fica exposta e vulnerável ao contágio do COVID-19, assim como a equipe multiprofissional que manipula o paciente nas diversas áreas de atenção à saúde, no ambiente hospitalar. A COVID-19 é uma infecção respiratória aguda causada pelo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, potencialmente grave, de elevada transmissibilidade e de distribuição global. A maioria das pessoas (cerca de 80%) se recupera da doença sem precisar de tratamento hospitalar. Uma em cada seis pessoas infectadas por COVID-19 fica gravemente doente e desenvolve dificuldade de respirar. As pessoas idosas e as que têm outras condições de saúde, como pressão alta, problemas cardíacos e do pulmão, diabetes ou câncer, têm maior risco de ficarem gravemente doentes. No entanto, qualquer pessoa pode pegar a COVID-19 e ficar gravemente doente. Constatou-se que a aplicação de protocolos odontológicos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva apresenta uma série de vantagens em relação à prevenção da contaminação dos profissionais de saúde, à manutenção da saúde bucal do paciente, aos benefícios gerais para a saúde, à prevenção e ao tratamento de infecções oportunistas, que podem reduzir o tempo de internação do paciente, pois infecção generalizada e pneumonia são doenças nosocomiais também causadas por distúrbios na microbiota oral. Os resultados mostraram que não há cirurgiões dentistas atuando na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, os protocolos não são específicos para área de odontologia e os equipamentos de proteção individuais são utilizados, porém, não em todos atendimentos(AU)
The present study addresses the dental protocols established in the COVID Intensive Care Unit of a Hospital in Extremo Sul Santa Catarina. The oral cavity, considered an opening for the entry of microorganisms, has characteristics favorable to its growth, with ideal temperature and humidity for its long-term survival. Dentistry, by directly manipulating the oral mucosa, is exposed and vulnerable to COVID-19 contagion, as well as the multidisciplinary team that handles the patient in the different areas of health care, in the hospital environment. COVID-19 is a potentially serious acute respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, with high transmissibility and global distribution. Most people (about 80%) recover from the disease without needing hospital treatment. One in six people infected with COVID-19 becomes seriously ill and develops difficulty breathing. Elderly people and those with other health conditions, such as high blood pressure, heart and lung problems, diabetes or cancer, are at increased risk of becoming seriously ill. However, anyone can take COVID-19 and become seriously ill. It was found that the application of dental protocols in the Intensive Care Unit has a number of advantages in relation to the prevention of contamination of health professionals, the maintenance of the patient's oral health, the general benefits for health, prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections, which can reduce the patient's hospital stay, as generalized infection and pneumonia are nosocomial diseases also caused by disorders in the oral microbiota. The results showed that there are no dentists working in the Intensive Care Unit, the protocols are not specific to the field of dentistry and individual protective equipment is used, however, not in all cases(AU)
Subject(s)
Dentists , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units , Patient Care Team , Oral Health , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Length of Stay , Mouth MucosaABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: The objective of this single-center study it to retrospectively analyze the relationship between transfusion and 30-day postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: Perioperative data of 2,178 patients who underwent isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting from 2018 to 2019 were collected. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to control for potential biases between patients who received blood transfusion and those who did not. After propensity score matching, we analyzed the clinical outcomes of transfusion and non-transfusion patients. Postoperative complications and the survival of patients within 30 days after surgery in both groups were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used for survival analysis. Results: The total blood transfusion rate of all patients was 29%, including red blood cell (27.6%), plasma (7.3%), and platelet (1.9%). Four hundred and forty patients in each group were compared after propensity score matching. There were no significant differences in the incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, acute kidney function injury, and sternal wound infection of both groups (P>0.05). However, higher incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection and more mechanical ventilation time and days of stay in the intensive care unit and postoperative in-hospital stay were associated with blood transfusion (P<0.05). The 30-day cumulative survival rate of the transfusion group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Perioperative blood transfusion increases the risks of postoperative pulmonary infection and short-term mortality in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting patients.
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RESUMO A unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN) é organizada para o atendimento ao recém-nascido que tenha dificuldade de adaptação e sobrevida no ambiente extrauterino, devido à patologia perturbadora, disfunção respiratória e prematuridade. O Rio Grande do Sul (RS) detém uma alta taxa de prematuridade, acima da média nacional. Assistindo ao neonato, o fisioterapeuta executa o papel primordial de estimular as funções respiratória e motora através de técnicas específicas. Este estudo observacional descritivo objetivou identificar as técnicas fisioterapêuticas utilizadas em UTINs no estado do RS. Assim, aplicou-se um questionário on-line aos fisioterapeutas atuantes em UTINs do RS, com 32 questões sobre formação e atuação profissional, jornada de trabalho, dados da unidade, relacionamento multiprofissional e técnicas fisioterapêuticas utilizadas. Ao final, 22 profissionais responderam ao questionário, havendo prevalência do sexo feminino (100%), idade média de 30,6 anos, tempo de formação médio de 6 anos, tempo de atuação em UTIN entre 6 e 15 anos (22,7%) e com pós-graduação na área de fisioterapia neonatal (73,3%). Prematuridade foi o principal motivo de internação (100%) e as condutas fisioterapêuticas mais citadas foram: posicionamento terapêutico e aspiração (95,5%); e incentivo à linha média (90,9%). Conclui-se que as condutas fisioterapêuticas identificadas no estudo são condizentes com a recomendação na literatura, sendo pertinentes e adequadas ao tratamento do paciente neonato.
RESUMEN La unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN) brinda cuidados a los recién nacidos que tienen dificultad para adaptarse y sobrevivir en el ambiente extrauterino, debido a una patología perturbadora, disfunción respiratoria y prematuridad. Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) tiene una alta tasa de prematuridad por encima de la media nacional. En la asistencia al neonato, el fisioterapeuta juega un papel clave al estimular las funciones respiratorias y motoras a través de técnicas específicas. Este estudio observacional descriptivo tuvo por objetivo identificar las técnicas fisioterapéuticas que son utilizadas en las UCIN del estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario en línea a los fisioterapeutas que actúan en las UCIN de este estado, que contenía 32 preguntas sobre formación y desempeño profesional, jornada laboral, datos de la unidad, relación multidisciplinar y técnicas fisioterapéuticas utilizadas. En total 22 entrevistados respondieron al cuestionario, con predominio del sexo femenino (100%), edad media de 30,6 años, tiempo de formación promedio de 6 años, tiempo de actuación en la UCIN entre 6 y 15 años (22,7%) y con posgrado en fisioterapia neonatal (73,3%). La prematuridad fue el principal motivo de hospitalización (100%), y los procedimientos fisioterapéuticos más citados fueron la conducta terapéutica y aspiración (95,5%); e incentivo a la línea media (90,9%). Se concluye que la actuación fisioterapéutica identificada es consistente con lo que recomienda la literatura, además de ser pertinente y adecuada para el tratamiento del paciente recién nacido.
ABSTRACT The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is organized to care for newborns who have difficulty in adapting and surviving in the extrauterine environment, due to disturbing pathology, respiratory dysfunction, and prematurity. Rio Grande do Sul (RS) has a high rate of prematurity, above the national average. To assist the newborn, the physical therapist stimulates the respiratory and motor functions with specific techniques. This descriptive observational study aimed to identify the physiotherapeutic techniques used in NICUs in the state of RS. An online questionnaire was applied to physical therapists working in NICUs in RS, with 32 questions related to training and professional performance, working hours, unit data, multiprofessional relationship, and physiotherapeutic technique used. In total, 22 professionals answered the questionnaire, all females (100%), mean age of 30.6 years, mean period since undergraduate education of 6 years, years of professional practice in the NICU ranging from 6 to 15 years (22.7%), and with a graduate degree in the field of Neonatal Physical Therapy (73.3%). Prematurity was the main reason for hospitalization (100%) and the physiotherapeutic conduct most study participants mentioned were therapeutic positioning and aspiration (95.5%) and encouraging crossing the midline (90.9%). We concluded that the physiotherapeutic conducts in this study are consistent with the literature, being relevant and appropriate for the treatment of newborns.
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Introducción. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el índice de mortalidad pediátrica 3 (PIM 3) y la evaluación de falla orgánica secuencial pediátrica (pSOFA) para predicción de muerte. Métodos. Estudio observacional prospectivo; se incluyeron pacientes de 1 mes a 17,9 años. La precisión se evaluó con el área bajo la curva (AUC) y se estimó la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada. Resultados. Se estudiaron 244 ingresos; la mediana de edad fue 60 meses. Los diagnósticos principales fueron neoplasias sólidas o hematológicas (26,5 %). La mortalidad por ingresos fue del 18 % (44/244). Para PIM 3 el AUC fue de 0,77 y para pSOFA, de 0,81; ambas escalas mostraron adecuada calibración (p > 0,05). La tasa de mortalidad estandarizada fue de 1,91. Conclusiones. Identificamos que las escalas de evaluación de mortalidad PIM 3 y pSOFA muestran capacidad de discriminación aceptable. En pacientes con neoplasias sólidas o hematológicas, PIM 3 no mostró adecuada calibración.
Introduction. The study objective was to analyze the Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 (PIM 3) and the pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) for the prediction of mortality. Methods. Observational, prospective study; patients aged 1 month to 17.9 years were included. Assessment of area under the curve (AUC) accuracy and estimation of standardized mortality rate. Results. A total of 244 admissions were studied: median age was 60 months. The main diagnoses were solid or hematologic neoplasms (26.5%). The mortality by admission was 18% (44/244). The AUC was 0.77 for PIM 3 and 0.81 for pSOFA; both scales showed an adequate calibration (p > 0.05). The standardized mortality rate was 1.91. Conclusions. We identified that the PIM 3 and pSOFA have an acceptable discrimination power. The calibration of the PIM 3 was not adequate in patients with solid or hematologic neoplasms.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Hematologic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Prospective Studies , Hospital Mortality , Organ Dysfunction Scores , MexicoABSTRACT
O acesso limitado do atendimento ao trauma aumenta proporcionalmente à ruralidade, refletindo em uma maior mortalidade e invalidez a longo prazo. A pesquisa objetivou identificar os desfechos de pacientes internados por trauma em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, acometidos em ambientes rurais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal observacional realizado em uma UTI geral de um hospital da região central do Estado do Paraná entre 2013 a 2019, através da análise de prontuários de 230 pacientes traumatizados em ambiente rural. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson, exato de Fisher ou t de Student. Dentre os desfechos identificados, observou-se associação do sexo feminino com as comorbidades (p=0,024), das regiões mais afetadas de cabeça, pescoço e tórax com a gravidade do trauma (p=0,001), além de variáveis do primeiro atendimento, como suporte respiratório básico, PAS <90mmHg e Glasgow associados à pacientes cirúgicos e pupilas alteradas em pacientes clínicos. Para o desfecho, observou-se que as médias do tempo de permanência hospitalar foi significativamente menor para aqueles que foram a óbito. As características apresentadas assemelham-se às informações mencionadas na literatura, em que as lesões graves com a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica e maior tempo de permanência hospitalar estão associados ao óbito em traumas rurais. Contudo, o trauma no ambiente rural, apesar de não refletir nem sempre em maior gravidade, apresenta desfechos impactantes para o paciente.
Limited access to trauma care increases proportionally to rurality, reflecting higher mortality and long-term disability. The research aimed to identify the outcomes of patients hospitalized for trauma in Intensive Care Units, affected in rural environments. This is an observational cross-sectional study carried out in a general ICU of a hospital in the central region of the State of Paraná between 2013 and 2019, through the analysis of medical records of 230 trauma patients in a rural environment. Data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's exact or Student's t tests. Among the outcomes identified, there was an association between female sex and comorbidities (p=0.024), the most affected regions of the head, neck and chest with the severity of the trauma (p=0.001), in addition to variables of the first care, such as basic respiratory support, SBP <90mmHg and Glasgow associated with surgical patients and altered pupils in medical patients. For the outcome, it was observed that the average length of hospital stay was significantly lower for those who died. The characteristics presented are similar to the information mentioned in the literature, in which serious injuries requiring surgical intervention and longer hospital stays are associated with death in rural traumas. However, trauma in the rural environment, although not always reflecting greater severity, has impacting outcomes for the patient.
El acceso limitado a la atención traumatológica aumenta proporcionalmente a la ruralidad, lo que se refleja en una mayor mortalidad y discapacidad a largo plazo. La investigación tenía como objetivo identificar los resultados de los pacientes ingresados por traumatismos en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, afectados en entornos rurales. Se trata de un estudio observacional transversal realizado en una UCI general de un hospital de la región central del Estado de Paraná entre 2013 y 2019, a través del análisis de las historias clínicas de 230 pacientes lesionados en el medio rural. Los datos se analizaron mediante las pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson, exacta de Fisher o t de Student. Entre los resultados identificados, el sexo femenino se asoció con las comorbilidades (p=0,024), las regiones más afectadas de la cabeza, el cuello y el tórax con la gravedad del traumatismo (p=0,001), además de las variables de los primeros cuidados, como la asistencia respiratoria básica, la PAS <90mmHg y el Glasgow asociado a los pacientes quirúrgicos y las pupilas alteradas en los pacientes clínicos. En cuanto al resultado, se observó que la duración media de la estancia hospitalaria fue significativamente menor para los que murieron. Las características presentadas son similares a la información mencionada en la literatura, en la que las lesiones graves con necesidad de intervención quirúrgica y mayor estancia hospitalaria se asocian a la muerte en el trauma rural. Sin embargo, el traumatismo en el medio rural, a pesar de no reflejar siempre una mayor gravedad, presenta resultados impactantes para el paciente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis , Rural Areas , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Surgical Procedures, Operative/statistics & numerical data , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Hospitals/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
A infecção do trato urinário (ITU) nada mais é do que o acometimento das vias urinárias por microrganismo. Entre as infecções hospitalares de maior incidência está a infecção do trato urinário, acometendo mais mulheres do que homens. Uma das possíveis causas dessa infecção, em pacientes na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), é o uso de cateter vesical. Seu tratamento inadequado pode ocasionar uma pielonefrite, podendo adentrar à circulação sanguínea, gerando uma infecção sistêmica e levar o paciente a óbito. A resistência antimicrobiana é uma das principais dificuldades encontrada em UTI sendo considerado um problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um breve relato, baseado na literatura, sobre a resistência antimicrobiana na infecção urinária em unidade de terapia intensiva adulta. Em ambientes hospitalares o principal microrganismo causador de ITU é Escherichia coli, sendo 55,5% das culturas positivas estão associadas a procedimentos invasivos, como as sondas vesicais de demora, como consequência este é o microrganismo que mais apresenta resistência aos antimicrobianos utilizados como a ampicilina, trimetoprima e ciprofloxacino. O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos deixa em evidência a necessidade de análise criteriosa da real necessidade de qual antimicrobianos usar, tempo de uso e forma correta de administração. Portanto é necessária a ação dos profissionais de saúde frente a atenção ao paciente, desde a higiene das mãos, uso do cateter, quando necessário observar a real necessidade do uso do antimicrobianos e que esse seja feito após cultura e antibiograma.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is nothing more than the involvement of the urinary tract by a microorganism. Among the hospital infections with the highest incidence is urinary tract infections, affecting more women than men. One of the possible causes of this infection in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is the use of a bladder catheter. Its inadequate treatment can cause pyelonephritis, which can enter the bloodstream, generating a systemic infection and leading the patient to death. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the main difficulties encountered in ICUs and is considered a public health problem. The objective of this study was to present a brief report, based on the literature, on antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in an adult intensive care unit. In hospital environments, the main microorganism that causes UTI is Escherichia coli, and 55.5% of positive cultures are associated with invasive procedures, such as indwelling urinary catheters, as a consequence, this is the microorganism that is most resistant to antimicrobials used, such as ampicillin, trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics highlights the need for a careful analysis of the real need for which antimicrobials to use, time of use, and correct form of administration. Therefore, it is necessary for the action of health professionals in the care of the patient, from the hygiene of the professional to, the use of the catheter, when necessary to observe the real need for the use of antimicrobials and that this is done after culture and antibiogram.
La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) no es más que la afectación de las vías urinarias por un microorganismo. Entre las infecciones hospitalarias con mayor incidencia se encuentra la infección del tracto urinario, que afecta más a mujeres que a hombres. Una de las posibles causas de esta infección en pacientes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) es el uso de una sonda vesical. Su tratamiento inadecuado puede causar pielonefritis, la cual puede ingresar al torrente sanguíneo, generando una infección sistémica y llevando al paciente a la muerte. La resistencia a los antimicrobianos es una de las principales dificultades encontradas en las UCI y se considera un problema de salud pública. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar un breve informe, basado en la literatura, sobre la resistencia antimicrobiana en infecciones del tracto urinario en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de adultos. En ambientes hospitalarios, el principal microorganismo causante de ITU es Escherichia coli, y el 55,5% de los cultivos positivos están asociados a procedimientos invasivos, como sondas vesicales permanentes, por lo que este es el microorganismo más resistente a los antimicrobianos utilizados, como la ampicilina. ., trimetoprima y ciprofloxacino. El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos pone de relieve la necesidad de un análisis cuidadoso de la necesidad real de qué antimicrobianos utilizar, el momento de uso y la forma correcta de administración. Por lo tanto, es necesaria la actuación de los profesionales de la salud en el cuidado del paciente, desde la higiene del profesional, uso del catéter, cuando sea necesario observar la necesidad real del uso de antimicrobianos y que este se realice previo cultivo y antibiograma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/mortality , Urinary Tract Infections/prevention & control , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Drug Resistance, Microbial/drug effects , Urinary Tract , Women , Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use , Cross Infection/complications , Cross Infection/transmission , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Catheters/microbiology , Hand Hygiene , Ampicillin/therapeutic use , Intensive Care Units , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Introducción. En Colombia, la tasa de mortalidad en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos es cercana al 32 %, por lo anterior, se han estudiado múltiples predictores de mortalidad que identifiquen de manera precoz una evolución inadecuada. La masa muscular corresponde a cerca del 50 % del peso corporal y cumple importantes funciones metabólicas, como la generación de energía y la homeostasis de la glucosa. Se ha informado la disminución de hasta el 1,6 % de la masa muscular por día en pacientes críticos, factor relacionado con la mortalidad. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectiva entre enero de 2020 y diciembre de 2021, con una muestra no probabilística a conveniencia, incluyendo a los pacientes que ingresaron a las diferentes Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, en quienes se realizó un registro periódico de las medidas antropométricas y del grosor del musculo cuádriceps.Resultados. Se incluyeron 82 pacientes, encontrando como variables asociadas a la mortalidad la edad, el número de días de hospitalización, el índice de masa corporal y el delta del musculo cuádriceps. Una medida del grosor del musculo cuádriceps al ingreso menor de 2,5 cm, se asoció con alto riesgo de muerte y una disminución de más de 1,72 cm durante el control ecográfico se relacionó con mal pronóstico. Conclusiones. Aunque estas variables se eligieron en función de su asociación con mortalidad, nuestros resultados emplean importantes características, como la medición del grosor muscular y su delta durante la estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, lo que indica un mayor consumo de las reservas fisiológicas, asociándose a mayor riesgo de complicaciones y mortalidad.
Introduction. In Colombia, the mortality rate in the Intensive Care Unit is close to 32%; therefore, multiple mortality predictors have been studied to identify an inadequate evolution early. Muscle mass corresponds to about 50% of body weight and fulfills important metabolic functions such as energy generation and glucose homeostasis. A decrease of up to 1.6% of muscle mass per day has been reported in critically ill patients, a factor related to mortality. Methods. A prospective cohort study was carried out between May and June 2020, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample, including patients admitted to the different Intensive Care Units of the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital, performing a periodic record of anthropometric measurements and the thickness of the quadriceps muscle. Results. 82 patients were included, finding age, number of hospital days, body mass index, and quadriceps muscle delta as variables associated with mortality. A measurement of the thickness of the quadriceps muscle at admission <2.5 cm was associated with a high risk of death and a decrease of >1.72 cm during the ultrasound control was associated with a poor prognosis. Conclusions. Although these variables were chosen based on their association with mortality, our results use important characteristics such as the measurement of muscle thickness and its delta during the stay in the intensive care unit, which indicates a greater consumption of physiological reserves associated with greater risk of complications and mortality.