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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless and transparent fluid filling the ventricular system, subarachnoid space, and central canal of the spinal cord, which could directly reflect diseases from the human central nervous system. As advanced technologies were used widely in CSF-based tests, they provided a new perspective for diagnosing, prognosis and treatment monitoring of central nervous system diseases based on CSF. The main challenges currently are resolving the biological variation of CSF markers, selecting appropriate technologies, and standardizing CSF-based analysis.
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As an important supporting discipline of medical science, laboratory medicine plays an important role in the early diagnosis, monitoring of treatment efficacy, prognosis and risk assessment. The 21st century is an era of digital information. New detection technologies, computer science and big data of internet have brought enormous opportunities and challenges to the development of laboratory medicine. In the new era, one of the most important tasks for laboratory workers is how to make use of the revolution of information science to realize the new development of laboratory medicine. This article reviews the development of laboratory medicine, especially focusing on the orientation and future development of laboratory medicine in the new era, in order to create the prosperity of laboratory medicine development.
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It is an urgent need for the development of medical and health undertakings in the new era to build a high-quality university education system and cultivate high-quality personnel for laboratory medicine. In the process of building a national first-class specialty, the medical laboratory technology specialty of Southern Medical University adheres to the concept of high-quality university education and improves the training level of laboratory medicine personnel through the teaching reform practice of constructing the whole-process moral education system, systematical training mode, internationalized teaching team, and intelligent teaching technology. In this paper, we analyzed the connotation and construction experience of a high-quality university education system of laboratory medicine, in order to increase the exchange and communication between different colleges and universities, and make contributions to the national strategic goal of building a powerful country in education before 2035.
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Research on the application of artificial intelligence in laboratory medicine has become an important direction for laboratory development. However, there were still problems in the process of product application research and development of artificial intelligence technology, such as lack of interpretability of machine learning models, lack of talent teams, and many potential safety hazards. The reason for this may include low quality of data sets, deviations in research design, imperfect talent training mechanism, and inadequate legislation and supervision. In response to these reasons, the article proposes countermeasures, including establishing data entry and collection standards, formulating data labeling management standards, making model risk analysis, strengthening compound talent training, and improving supervision and management systems. Ensuring artificial intelligence products applied in the field of laboratory medicine could effectively improve the quality of medical services on the premise of improving the efficiency of diagnosis and reducing the rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
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With the development of the fourth industrial revolution, the influence of automated and artificial intelligence on the pre-analytic-, analytic, and post-analytic processes of laboratory medicine continues to increase. The application of artificial intelligence to large-scale clinical data sets generated through the improvement of automation helps discover new knowledge, develop new models, and explore new fields. Point-of-care testing has the advantages of easy operation, portability, intelligence, and widely application. The application of artificial intelligence in predictive models will promote precision laboratory medicine. In the recent outbreak of the new coronavirus, artificial intelligence has sprouted a new direction in laboratory medicine.
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The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in laboratory medicine has shown great potential, but it also has many challenges and difficulties. Understanding the basic principles, evaluation methods, application scenarios, advantages and limitations of artificial intelligence can facilitate its use in the working practice. In the near future, AI will be fully applied in clinical testing, enabling laboratory medicine to play a more accurate role in disease diagnosis, curative effect monitoring, prognositic judgment and other aspects. With the help of AI technology, laboratory medicine has a promising future.
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Objective:To explore the application of the pioneering TEBMCL (task based evidence-based laboratory medicine team cooperative learning) teaching mode in the teaching of Clinical Biochemical Laboratory Technology. Methods:A total of 336 undergraduates of medical laboratory from 3 classes of Batch 2014 were selected as research objects, and 112 students in class 1 were randomly selected as the teaching reform class, 113 students in class 2 were randomized into control class 1 and 111 students in class 3 into control class 2. The teaching effects achieved by applying the TEBMCL teaching mode to the teaching of Clinical Biochemical Laboratory Technology in the three classes were compared comprehensively and the TEBMCL teaching mode was also evaluated. The Access 2010 and SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis methods were used for statistical analysis. Results:Learning effect: ①Compared with the basic test of the three classes, there was no statistical differences ( P > 0.05); but the in-class test after each chapter showed that the results of the teaching reform class were better than those of the other two classes ( P < 0.05). It was also found that the performance of the control class 1 was better than that of the control class 2 after applying the new TEBMCL teaching mode in the second chapter ( P < 0.05). ②In a number of indicators, it was found that the scores of the reform class were better than those of the control class 1 and the control class 2 ( P < 0.05); ③In the terms of excellent grade and good grade, the teaching reform class was ahead of the control class 1 and the control class 2, and none of students in the teaching reform class failed the graduation design (thesis). In the terms of questionnaires and seminars: TEBMCL teaching mode was carried out for juniors who had professional basic knowledge, with short prcoess and high efficiency, while this method still needed to be improved. Conclusion:The new TEBMCL teaching mode has significant advantages compared with the traditional teaching mode, which can better promote the cultivation of students' abilities and improve the degree of knowledge mastery.
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Introdução: Os testes laboratoriais exercem papel fundamental no atendimento médico de uma maneira geral há muitos anos. Além disso, o gasto com exames laboratoriais representa menos de 3% do custo total em saúde, tornando a relação custo-benefício altamente favorável ao uso dessa ferramenta. A despeito dessa enorme importância, a educação médica em relação a testes laboratoriais no Brasil ainda é incerta não existindo dados concretos sobre o ensino da Patologia Clínca/Medicina Laboratorial até a data do estudo (2019). Objetivo: Pretende-se traçar um panorama atual do ensino da Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial na graduação das escolas médicas do Brasil, comparando com o ensino da Patologia Geral. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa de levantamento ou um inquérito de dados das matrizes curriculares das escolas médicas do Brasil, por meio do acesso ao seu portal eletrônico. A relação de todas as instituições de ensino médico foi obtida junto ao site do Ministério da Educação no ano de 2019. Resultados: No Brasil há um predomínio de escolas privadas sobre públicas, sendo método de ensino tradicional (59%) mais comum em relação ao Problem-Based Learning (39%). Somente 23% das escolas médicas do Brasil possuem a disciplina de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial em suas matrizes curriculares. Em contrapartida, a Patologia Geral está presente em 57% das escolas. A região Centro-Oeste possui a menor prevalência (14,24%) quanto ao ensino de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, enquanto que a região Sudeste mostrou a maior prevalência (28,57%). Conclusão: Apenas 23% das escolas médicas no Brasil possuem o ensino da Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial em suas grades curriculares. (AU)
Introduction: Laboratory tests play, in general, a fundamental role in medical care for many years. In addition, the cost of laboratory tests represents less than 3% of the total spent on the health system, making the cost-benefit ratio highly favorable to its use. Despite this enormous importance, medical education regarding those tests in Brazil is still uncertain, with no concrete data about the teaching of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine found until the date of the study (2019). Objective: To draw a current overview of the teaching of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine in undergraduate medical schools in the country, comparing with the teaching of General Pathology. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted by a data collection from curricular matrices of medical schools in Brazil, by the access to their websites. The list of the medical education institutions was obtained by the website of the Ministério da Educação in 2019. Results: In Brazil there is a predominance of private over public schools, the traditional teaching method (59%) is more common in relation to Problem-Based Learning (39%). Only 23% of medical schools in Brazil have the subject of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine in their curriculum matrix. In contrast, General Pathology subject is present in 57% of the schools. The Midwest region has the lowest prevalence (14,24%) regarding the teaching of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine, while the Southeast region showed the highest prevalence (28,57%) .Conclusion: Only 23% of medical schools in Brazil have the teaching of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine in their curriculum.
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Pathology, Clinical/education , Education, Medical , Educational Measurement , Pathology, Clinical , Schools , Schools, Medical , Education, Medical/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Poor reporting quality in diagnostic accuracy studies hampers an adequate judgment of the validity of the study. The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) statement was published to improve the reporting quality of diagnostic accuracy studies. This study aimed to evaluate the adherence of diagnostic accuracy studies published in Annals of Laboratory Medicine (ALM) to STARD 2015 and to identify directions for improvement in the reporting quality of these studies.METHODS: Two independent authors assessed articles published in ALM between 2012–2018 for compliance with 30 STARD 2015 checklist items to identify all eligible diagnostic accuracy studies published during this period. We included 66 diagnostic accuracy studies. A total of the fulfilled STARD items were calculated, and adherence was analyzed on an individual-item basis.RESULTS: The overall mean±SD number of STARD items reported for the included studies was 11.2±2.7. Only five (7.6%) studies adhered to more than 50% of the 30 items. No study satisfied more than 80% of the items. Large variability in adherence to reporting standards was detected across items, ranging from 0% to 100%.CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to STARD 2015 is suboptimal among diagnostic accuracy studies published in ALM. Our study emphasizes the necessity of adherence to STARD to improve the reporting quality of future diagnostic accuracy studies to be published in ALM.
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Checklist , Compliance , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , JudgmentABSTRACT
Increasingly more people are in a state between health and disease due to different life styles, which modern medicine calls “suboptimal health”. If the suboptimal health state lasts too long and not interfered in time, it will eventually progress to disease. Early identification of suboptimal health status and early intervention are important for preventing diseases and restoring a healthy state. There are many ways for detecting suboptimal health. A more objective method to diagnose suboptimal health status is by experimental indicators of laboratory medicine. However, there are difficulties in establishing the parameters and reference value ranges in laboratory detection of suboptimal health, and laboratory medicine needs to combine big data analysis and machine learning to make a scientific evaluation of suboptimal health status.
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In order to improve the core competitiveness and the comprehensive ability of laboratory medicine students, we implemented the clinical teaching mode of evidence-based laboratory medicine in the department of Clinical Laboratory Center of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University. This study relied on the platform of National Center for Children's Health, which had abundant case resources and excellent expert team. This study started with the clinical problem, summarized the scientific problem, and carried out teaching activities around the scientific problem. By guidance of the teachers, students used evidence-based medicine methods (clinical case information collection, literature reading, interviews with clinical experts and experimental data collection) to solve the clinical problem. Through research cases,evidence-based medicine methods, clinical thinking and scientific thinking were imparted to students, which can help them integrate theoretical knowledge with clinical practice, and improve learning efficiency, training in clinical thinking and scientific research innovation ability, so as to enhance core competitiveness.
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In order to improve the core competitiveness and the comprehensive ability of laboratory medicine students,we implemented the clinical teaching mode of evidence-based laboratory medicine in the department of Clinical Laboratory Center of Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University.This study relied on the platform of National Center for Children's Health,which had abundant case resources and excellent expert team.This study started with the clinical problem,summarized the scientific problem,and carried out teaching activities around the scientific problem.By guidance of the teachers,students used evidence-based medicine methods(clinical case information collection,literature reading,interviews with clinical experts and experimental data collection)to solve the clinical problem.Through research cases,evidence-based medicine methods,clinical thinking and scientific thinking were imparted to students,which can help them integrate theoretical knowledge with clinical practice,and improve learning efficiency,training in clinical thinking and scientific research innovation ability,so as to enhance core competitiveness.
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The past 70 years witnesses that China's laboratory medicine has realized the development from "medical laboratory" to "laboratory medicine". The construction of the laboratory has undergone tremendous changes from manual workshop to standardization, automation and intelligence, and the test efficiency and test results accuracy has been greatly improved. The professional team has also grown stronger, and the education level has been continuously improved, marking the entry of China's laboratory medicine into the modern era. The article also reviews the important role of the Chinese Medical Association played in promoting the development of China's laboratory medicine in the 40 years since its establishment, and looks forward to the future development of laboratory medicine.
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After more than half a century and several generations' efforts, the clinical laboratories in China have developed rapidly from the "workshop-style" pure manual operation and limited number of assays to the automated, intelligent modern laboratory. In addition to the great development of working condition, environment and equipment, the number of professional staffs, their educational background and technical ability have also been greatly improved. These have doubled the varieties, throughput and decreased turnaround time of testing assays in order to meet the clinical requests. At the same time, the concept of laboratory medicine has changed from "focusing on specimen" to "focusing on patients and clinical needs". The scientific ethics and practical experience of laboratory management and quality control have also been enriched, which provide more reliable and convenient services for patients and clinicians. Nowadays, the rapid development of detection technology, as well as artificial intelligence, network communication and big data which based on computer science, have brought enormousopportunities and challenges to the development of laboratory medicine.
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In order to enhance the comprehensive ability,scientific research consciousness and scientific research skills of laboratory medicine students,the clinical laboratory center of Beijing Children's Hospital carried out the exploration for strengthening the scientific research ability of laboratory medicine students in the implementation of scientific research projects.Depending on the platform of National Center for Children's Health,the clinical laboratory center of Beijing Children's Hospital used patient resources and top research facilities to provide comprehensive trainings for students who volunteered to take part in this project with the goal of offering more opportunities for further study and employment to them.Teachers can impart the ideas,thoughts and skills of scientific research to the students through the training,which can help them to improve their core competitiveness by combining the theoretical knowledge and practical work,developing the innovative thinking and improving the ability in scientific research innovation and practice.
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Postgraduate students of clinical laboratory diagnostics are high level laboratory medicine personnel, scientific research idea education is an important aspect for postgraduate students of clinical laboratory diagnostics. It is the key to strengthen the comprehensive quality and improve the ability of innovation. Aiming at the low scientific research results of the academic postgraduate students in this sub-ject and the phenomenon of "heavy clinical, light scientific research" and weak scientific research con-sciousness, the Department of Medical Laboratory of Weifang Medical University relies on the laboratory platform to promote the graduate students to form scientific research thinking and improve scientific research ability by relying on the guidance of the tutors, optimizing the training program and encouraging the graduate students to explore actively, which is helpful for graduate students to develop good scientific research quality and establish correct scientific research concept.
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From the view-point of a front-line research team in clinical laboratory medicine , the advantages of microfluidic technology and its prospect in the field of in vitro diagnosis ( IVD) were reviewed in this paper. This paper introduces the application of microfluidics in molecular diagnosis , immune detection and microbial pathogen testing , showing the value of this technology in meeting challenges posed by clinical laboratory medicine .Opportunities and challenges of microfluidic IVD technology under the new situation were also discussed.The authors believe this technology will play a great role in promoting the improvement of clinical laboratory technology .
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Objective To develop an emergency clinical laboratory system for civilian and military uses to enhance medical support of filed medical unit for mass casualties.Methods The missions of field medical unit were analyzed in the actual confrontation,and an emergency clinical laboratory system for civilian and military uses was built to fulfill clinical laboratory support.The factors were explored for clinical laboratory examination,and some measures were taken accordingly.Results The requirements of field medical unit were met by the developed system.Conclusion The system can be applied in largescale military exercises to enhance clinical laboratory support ability of field medical unit.
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Objective To develop a clinical laboratory vehicle with advantages in mobility,deployment,automation and informatization to meet the requirements of disaster relief.Methods Ford transit V348 ambulance was used as the base,which was equipped with routine blood analyzer,routine urine analyzer,biochemical analyzer and etc.The same instruments,agents and procedures were adopted as those in the clinical laboratory department of rear hospital,and LIS,air cleaning system and necessary auxiliary units were also involved in the modification.Results The clinical laboratory vehicle increased the working efficiency while decreased the errors.Conclusion The vehicle fulfills mobile medical support for military operations other than war such as disaster relief,and thus is worthy promoting practically.
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To combine more than 20 years of experience in clinical practice skills teaching of laboratory medicine, with the characteristics of laboratory medicine, the theory system of formative assessment has been constructed, to guide the clinical practice of the students.Based on the construction of network question bank, students make use of the network question bank self testing, to know whether they had got the stage goal, existing problems and future plan through self testing, so as to mobilize their enthusiasm and initiative to enhance their self-confidence.Under the formative assessment teaching system, students establish internship file information, including practice notes, weekly practice, group discussion, self testing results, the teacher and peer assessment information.Teachers set up QQ group, WeChat group with their students, the timely to get the question from students and to take appropriate measures improve teaching.Teachers had established and improved the long-term after graduation feedback mechanism, and formative assessment improved the teaching quality of the whole practice teaching benefits teachers as well as students.