A study of incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetes

Background: Hyaline membrane disease/RDS is an important cause for newborn morbidity and mortality. Many studies have established an association of infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) since decades. Modern lifestyle changes have increased the prevalence of obesity in women and thus diabetes in pregnancy. Maintaining strict euglycemia is a double-edged sword in pregnancy which has been affecting the neonatal health and respiratory maturity in particular which has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity.Methods: It was a prospective case control study done over a span of one year.Results: Hyaline membrane disease (RDS) is significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Conclusions: Even our study emphasized the ill effects of gestational diabetes on the respiratory development of baby. Most of the babies are manageable and outcome can be drastically improved by early diagnosis and efficient treatment. Education and anticipation of the complications and prompt referral are the need of the hour in peripheries and advancement of neonatal intensive cares in the referral hospitals is needed.

Control glucémico y estudio del metabolismo lipídico y del óseo en niños con diabetes de tipo 1 / Glycemic control and study of lipid and bone metabolism in type 1 diabetic children

Introducción. La diabetes mellitus de tipo 1 se considera una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes de la infancia. Es un factor de gran riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular temprana y afecta también la salud ósea. Objetivo. Describir las características demográficas y los parámetros bioquímicos de una población de niños con diabetes de tipo 1, supervisados en la unidad pediátrica de diabetes de un hospital español de tercer nivel. Materiales y métodos. En este estudio retrospectivo, se determinaron los parámetros de control metabólico, lipídico y óseo en 124 niños con diabetes de tipo 1, a los que se hizo seguimiento en la Unidad Pediátrica de Diabetes del Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet de Zaragoza, desde mayo del 2020 hasta julio del 2021. Resultados. Los niños con diabetes de tipo 1 presentan peor control metabólico de la enfermedad en la pubertad, pero su control lipídico se puede considerar aceptable. Existe una correlación inversa de los marcadores de formación ósea con el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, así como con el control metabólico. Conclusión. Los marcadores de formación ósea se encuentran correlacionados de forma inversa con el porcentaje de hemoglobina glicosilada y con el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes. En estos pacientes, el perfil lipídico y el óseo son más favorables cuando existe un buen control metabólico de la enfermedad.

Introduction. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. It is a high-risk factor for developing early cardiovascular disease and it also affects bone health. Objective. To describe demographic characteristics and biochemical parameters of a population of children with type 1 diabetes, evaluated in the pediatric diabetes unit of a tertiary Spanish hospital. Materials and methods. In this retrospective study, we determined metabolic, lipid, and bone parameters in 124 children with type 1 diabetes who were monitored in the pediatric diabetes unit of the Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet in Zaragoza (Spain) from May 2020 to July 2021. Results. Children with type 1 diabetes have worse metabolic control of the disease at puberty, but their lipid control is considered acceptable. We found an inverse correlation between bone formation markers and disease duration, as well as with metabolic control. Conclusion. Bone formation markers are inversely correlated with the percentage of glycated hemoglobin and diabetes evolution time. Patients' lipid and bone profiles are more favorable when metabolic control of the disease is achieved.

Apo Lipoproteins A1 and B in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

Aims: The medical management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major public health issue. Apolipoproteins play a key role in lipoprotein metabolism such as the recognition of receptors involved in lipoprotein metabolism. Thus, the study of the inter- relationships between apolipoproteins (A1 and B) and MDR-TB could represent an important approach to the biological management of MDR-TB patients.Methodology: This is an experimental study carried out on eighty-two (82) patients including thirty-eight (38) MDR-TB patients which age ranged from 18 to 60 years old recruited from three tuberculosis centers (CAT) in the city of Abidjan and forty-four (44) non-tuberculosis patients used as control aged 18 to 60 years old recruited at the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS) in Treichville (Abidjan, C魌e d扞voire). Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured by the colorimetric-enzymatic method. Apolipoproteins A1 and B were measured using the immunoturbidimetric method.Results and Conclusion: Showed a dyslipidemia concerning cholesterol and its HDL fraction, triglycerides and apolipoproteins A1 and B suggest an atherogenic profile in multidrug-resistant TB patients.

Diagnóstico del estado nutricional, dislipidemia y factores de riesgo asociados en escolares indígenas yaquis / Diagnosis of nutritional status, dyslipidemia and associated risk factors in indigenous Yaqui schoolchildren

Resumen Antecedentes: La malnutrición es un problema mundial que afecta a niños escolares, capaz de incrementar el riesgo de enfermedades en la edad adulta. Adultos yaquis han presentado graves problemas de salud, por lo que los escolares podrían encontrarse en una situación similar. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado nutricional, el perfil lipídico y los factores asociados en una muestra de escolares yaquis. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 109 escolares habitantes de los pueblos originarios, en quienes se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, se extrajo una muestra de sangre venosa en condición de ayuno y se aplicaron cuestionarios. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad fue de 38.5 %, sin que se registraran casos de desnutrición crónica; 38.6 % de los escolares presentó dislipidemia. El consumo de fibra resultó ser un factor protector contra sobrepeso/obesidad y el consumo de grasa constituyó un factor de riesgo. La puntuación de actividad física resultó ser un factor protector contra dislipidemia y los factores de riesgo fueron puntuaciones Z del índice de masa corporal/edad, circunferencia de cintura, historia familiar de dislipidemias, nivel educativo y empleo permanente. Conclusiones: Los escolares yaquis padecen por igual alta proporción de sobrepeso/obesidad y dislipidemia. Los factores asociados pueden resultar útiles para el diseño de intervenciones contextualizadas para esta población.

Abstract Background: Malnutrition is a global problem that affects schoolchildren and can increase the risk of diseases in adulthood. Adult members of the Yaqui Indigenous group have been shown to have serious health problems, and Yaqui schoolchildren could therefore find themselves in a similar situation. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status, lipid profile and associated factors in a sample of Yaqui schoolchildren. Material and methods: A total of 109 Yaqui schoolchildren who lived in their localities of origin were recruited. Anthropometric measurements were carried out, a venous blood sample was extracted in fasting conditions, and several questionnaires were applied. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 38.5%, with no cases of chronic malnutrition being recorded; 38.6% of the children had dyslipidemia. Fiber consumption was a protective factor against overweight/obesity, while fat intake was a risk factor. The physical activity score was found to be a protective factor against dyslipidemia, and the risk factors were BMI-for-age Z-scores, waist circumference, family history of dyslipidemia, educational level, and permanent employment. Conclusions: Yaqui schoolchildren equally suffer from a high proportion of overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia. The associated factors may be useful for the design of contextualized interventions for this population.

Effect of cationic liposome structure on transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity in gene delivery:a review / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Cationic liposomes,as non-viral vectors,are widely used in gene therapy and gene silencing.Although numerous cationic liposomes have various structures,they can all improve the per-formance of gene delivery.As gene therapy is increasingly studied,it may be foreseen that new cationic lipoplexes will be explored.In this review,we aim to discuss four constituent domains of cationic lipids(headgroup,hydrophobic domain,linker and helper lipids)in gene delivery.This article attempts to demonstrate that various lipid structures show different transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity by sum-marizing the similarities and differences between the four parts of cationic lipids.Furthermore,their major influencing factors are covered.Finally,three clinical cases of ionizable lipids are described to reveal their characteristics and differences from cationic lipids.This paper is intended to provide a conceptual framework for the design of cationic liposomes and for the selection of cationic lipids.

Profil lipoprotéique et risque athérogène chez les drépanocytaires majeurs au CHU de Cocody / Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Risk of Major Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Abidjan

Introduction.Les formes majeures dedrépanocytose sont une source de perturbation des paramètres lipidiques. Cette perturbation est impliquée dans l'apparition de nombreuses maladies cardiovasculaires telles que les accidents vasculaires cérébraux. Cette étude avait pour but d'établir la relation entre les formes majeures de la drépanocytaire, le risque athérogène et l'état inflammatoire des sujets. Méthodologie. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale à visé analytique qui s'est déroulée dans les services d'hématologie du CHU de Cocody et dans le laboratoire de biochimie de l'UFR des Sciences Médicales d'Abidjan portant sur les sujets drépanocytaires majeurs et de sujets apparemment sains admis au CHU de Cocody pendant la période de l'étude. Résultats.Nous avons recrutéun total de 57 sujets drépanocytaires (SS, SC, Sß0,Sß+) et 44 sujets apparemment sains sur la base d'une électrophorèse de l'hémoglobine.L'âge moyen des sujets drépanocytaires était de 17,77 ans avec des extrêmes de 2 et 67 ans. On notait une prédominance féminine avec un sex-ratio de 1,48.Les cholestérolémies totales moyennes des drépanocytaires SS et SC étaient plus faibles comparativement à celles des drépanocytaires Sß0, Sß+et de la population témoin avec une différence statistiquement significative (p= 0,0031).Les triglycéridémies moyennes des drépanocytaires (SS et SC) étaient plus basses en comparaison à celles des témoins et des drépanocytaires Sß0et Sß+. Les valeurs moyennes de l'indice d'athérogénicité des sujets drépanocytaires étaient élevées que chez les témoins avec une différence statistiquement significative(p = 0,001). les drépanocytaires avaient des concentrations de CRP significativement plus élevée avec p = 0, 0015.Conclusion.Chez les sujets drépanocytaires, les valeurs augmentées de l'indice d'athérogénicité, des triglycérides, de la CRP et la baisse de la concentration du cholestérol HDL expliqueraient un risque athérogène plus élevé. Il est importantd'introduire le bilan lipidique dans le suivi du patient drépanocytaire

Introduction.The major forms of sickle cell disease are a source of disruption to lipid parameters. This disruption is implicated in the development of many cardiovascular diseases such as strokes. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the major forms of sickle cell disease, atherogenic risk, and the inflammatory state of subjects. Methodology.This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in the hematology departments of the Cocody University Hospital and the biochemistry laboratory of the Faculty of Medical Sciences in Abidjan, focusing on major sickle cell subjects and apparently healthy subjects admitted to the Cocody University Hospital during the study period. Results.A total of 57 sickle cell subjects (SS, SC, Sß0, Sß+) and 44 apparently healthy subjects were recruited based on hemoglobin electrophoresis. The average age of sickle cell subjects was 17.77 years with a range of 2 to 67 years. There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 1.48. The mean total cholesterol levels of SS and SC sickle cell subjects were lower compared to those of Sß0, Sß+ sickle cell subjects and the control population with a statistically significant difference (p=0.0031). The mean triglyceride levels of sickle cell subjects (SS and SC) were lower compared to controls and Sß0 and Sß+ sickle cell subjects. The mean atherogenicity index valuesof sickle cell subjects were higher than in controls with a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). Sickle cell subjects had significantly higher CRP concentrations with p=0.0015. Conclusion.In sickle cell subjects, increased values of the atherogenicity index, triglycerides, CRP, and decreased HDL cholesterol levels would explain a higher atherogenic risk. It is important to include lipid profile assessment in the treatmentent of sickle cell disease

Use of FGF21 analogs for the treatment of metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT FGF21 is a hormone produced primarily by the liver with several metabolic functions, such as induction of heat production, control of glucose homeostasis, and regulation of blood lipid levels. Due to these actions, several laboratories have developed FGF21 analogs to treat patients with metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that used FGF21 analogs and analyzed metabolic outcomes. Our search yielded 236 articles, and we included eight randomized clinical trials in the meta-analysis. The use of FGF21 analogs exhibited no effect on fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA index, blood free fatty acids or systolic blood pressure. However, the treatment significantly reduced fasting insulinemia, body weight and total cholesterolemia. None of the included studies were at high risk of bias. The quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low, especially due to imprecision and indirection issues. These results indicate that FGF21 analogs can potentially treat metabolic syndrome. However, more clinical trials are needed to increase the quality of evidence and confirm the effects seen thus far.

Myopathy due to carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency: updating genetic aspects of the first publication in Brazil / Miopatia por deficiência de carnitina palmitoiltransferase II: atualizando os aspectos genéticos da primeira publicação no Brasil

Abstract Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder related to lipid metabolism affecting skeletal muscle. The first cases of CPT II deficiency causing myopathy were reported in 1973. In 1983, Werneck et al published the first two Brazilian patients with myopathy due to CPT II deficiency, where the biochemical analysis confirmed deficient CPT activity in the muscle of both cases. Over the past 40 years since the pioneering publication, clinical phenotypes and genetic loci in the CPT2 gene have been described, and pathogenic mechanisms have been better elucidated. Genetic analysis of one of the original cases disclosed compound heterozygous pathogenic variants (p.Ser113Leu/p.Pro50His) in the CPT2 gene. Our report highlights the historical aspects of the first Brazilian publication of the myopathic form of CPT II deficiency and updates the genetic background of this pioneering publication.

Resumo Deficiência de carnitina palmitoiltransferase II (CPT II) é uma desordem de herança autossômica recessiva relacionada com o metabolismo do lipídio afetando músculo esquelético. Os primeiros dois casos de deficiência de CPT II causando miopatia foram relatados em 1973. Em 1983, Werneck et al. publicaram os primeiros pacientes brasileiros com miopatia por deficiência de CPT II, nos quais a análise bioquímica confirmou a atividade deficiente da CPT nos músculos em ambos os casos. Após 40 anos desde a publicação pioneira, fenótipos clínicos e loci genético no gene CPT2 foram descritos, bem com os mecanismos patológicos foram melhor elucidados. A análise genética de um dos casos da publicação original apresentou variantes patogênicas em heterozigose composta (p.Ser113Leu/p.Pro50His) no gene CPT2. O nosso relato destaca os aspectos históricos da primeira publicação brasileira da forma miopática da deficiência de CPT II e atualiza as bases genéticas dessa publicação pioneira.

Ectopic fat in muscle and poor glycemic control are negatively associated with trabecular bone score in type 2 diabetes

Abstract Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with fractures, despite preserved Bone Mineral Density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS) with the reallocation of fat within muscle in individuals with eutrophy, obesity, and T2D. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups: eutrophic controls paired by age and sex with the T2D group (n = 23), controls diagnosed with obesity paired by age, sex, and body mass index with the T2D group (n = 27), and the T2D group (n = 29). BMD and body fat percentage were determined using dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. TBS was determined using TBS iNsight software. Intra and extramyocellular lipids in the soleus were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: TBS was lower in the T2D group than in the other two groups. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was negatively associated with TBS. Body fat percentage was negatively associated with TBS and Total Hip (TH) BMD. TH BMD was positively associated with intramuscular lipids. A trend of negative association was observed between intramuscular lipids and TBS. Conclusion: This study showed for the first time that the reallocation of lipids within muscle has a negative association with TBS. Moreover, these results are consistent with previous studies showing a negative association between a parameter related to insulin resistance (intramuscular lipids) and TBS.

Establishment of a standardized protocol for postprandial lipids assessment to promote the early prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Dyslipidemia is closely related to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, current clinical practice often relies on fasting lipid levels for the assessment of dyslipidemia, with little attention given to postprandial lipid levels, thereby overlooking the cardiometabolic disease risk associated with postprandial dyslipidemia. As an indispensable component of lipid management, postprandial lipids are not routinely measured in clinical practice due to the lack of standardized protocols about test meals and blood collection program. The paper titled " Optimization of oral fat tolerance test" published in this issue proposed a standardized protocol for postprandial lipid measurement. More studies are needed to accumulate evidence about the health benefits of possible interventions and to provide a reliable scientific basis for the early identification of dyslipidemic population as well as for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Effect of Baoyuan Jiedu Decoction on Interfering Serum Lipids and White Adipose Tissue Browning of Cancer Cachexia Mice / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To investigate the effect of Baoyuan Jiedu Decoction(BJD)on serum lipids and white adipose tissue browning in cancer cachexia mice.[Methods]The specific pathogen free C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal group,model group,BJD group and megestrol acetate(MA)group.After 21 days of intervention,the changes of body weight,food intake,water consumption and tumor volume of the mice were observed,multidimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics(MDMS-SL)was used to determine the content of serum lipid of mice,white adipose tissue morphology and lipid droplet area were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,the expressions of white adipose tissue browning related genes were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR);and the protein expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining.[Results]Compared with model group,the mice in BJD group were generally in good condition,and their food intake,water consumption and weight were increased significantly(P＜0.05),and the volumes of tumors were significantly suppressed(P＜0.05).Compared with normal group,there were 61 kinds of abnormal lipids in the serum of model group,while 30 kinds of lipids were influenced by BJD treatment(P＜0.05).Compared with model group,BJD alleviated the mass loss and lipid droplets(P＜0.05),inhibited the mRNA expression of UCP1,Cidea,Prdm16(P＜0.05)and the protein expression of UCP1(P＜0.05)in epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT)and inguinal white adipose tissue(iWAT)of cancer cachexia mice.[Conclusion]BJD can inhibit weight loss,relieve the disorder of serum lipid,and inhibit the white adipose tissue browning of iWAT and eWAT of cancer cachexia mice.

Correlation Between the Prevalence of HHcy，Blood Lipids and Uric Acid in the Tibetan Population in Northwest Xizang / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectivesTo understand the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia （HHcy） in the Tibetan population in Northwest Xizang， and its association with lipids and blood uric acid， and to explore the prevention and treatment strategies for chronic diseases such as HHcy in Northwest Xizang. MethodsIn this survey， questionnaires， physical examinations， and biochemical tests were conducted on 3432 Tibetan residents aged 18 years and older who had resided in Northwest Xizang （Ngari Prefecture， Nagqu City） for more than 6 months using a multistage stratified whole cluster random sampling method. ResultsThe prevalence of HHcy among Tibetan residents in Northwest Xizang was 75.7%， much higher than that of the average population in China （37.2%）. Blood uric acid、high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were risk factors for HHcy. ConclusionThe prevalence of HHcy is higher in the Tibetan population in northwest Xizang. Therefore， the local governments should urge people to establish a healthy lifestyle and enhance early intervention for HHcy by improving diet and lifestyle， thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular， cerebrovascular and other related diseases.

Correlation between ocular surface status and blood lipids in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction during pregnancy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the correlation between ocular surface status and serum lipids in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)during pregnancy, and to provide new ideas for the management and treatment of MGD during pregnancy.METHODS: Totally 120 pregnant women(240 eyes)treated in our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected and they were divided into MGD group(60 cases, 120 eyes)and control group(60 cases, 120 eyes)according to the presence or absence of MGD. All subjects received the ocular surface disease index scores(OSDI)and underwent examinations of meibomian gland morphology and function, tear film and blood lipid.RESULTS: The scores of OSDI, the related indexes of meibomian gland, corneal fluorescein staining(FL)scores, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)in the MGD group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The scores of fluorescein breakup time(FBUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test(SIt)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)in the MGD group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the scores of TG, TC, LDL-C were negatively correlated with the values of FBUT(rs =-0.702, -0.647, -0.710, all P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The level of blood lipids in pregnant patients with MGD is significantly increased, and the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C may be related to the stability of tear film.

Correlation analysis of serum lipids, HbA1C levels and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetes patients / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the changes of blood lipid and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients and their relationship with insulin resistance (Homa-IR). Methods A total of 120 cases of T2DM newly diagnosed in Motuo County, Tibet from February to October 2022 were selected as the observation group. According to BMI, the patients were divided into diabetes normal weight group (46 cases), overweight group (43 cases) and obesity group (31 cases); 145 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The levels of HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were detected in the study subjects, and Homa-IR and Homa-β indices were calculated. The height, weight, and abdominal circumference were measured. The differences in the levels of the above indicators between the observation group patients and the control group, as well as among various subgroups within the observation group were compared. The influencing factors of Homa-IR in obese T2DM patients were analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, a significant increase in BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, HbA1c, FBG, FINS, TC, TG, LDL-C, UA, visceral fat area, and the levels of Home-IR and Home-β was found in the observation group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in BMI, abdominal circumference, and the levels of FINS, Homa IR, Homa-β, and HbA1c in diabetes patients with different BMI (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that TG levels in obese T2DM patients in the observation group were significantly correlated with HbA1c (r=0.396, P=0.027), Homa-IR (r=0.405, P=0.024), and Home-β (r=-0.401, P=0.025); LDL-C was significantly correlated with Homa-IR (r=0.411, P=0.022) and Homa-β (r=-0.412, P=0.021); HbA1c was significantly positively correlated with BMI (r=0.371, P=0.040). Conclusion Insulin resistance is closely related to TG, LDL-C, and BMI in obese T2DM patients from the Motuo ethnic minority of Tibet, suggesting that these factors may play a role in the occurrence of T2DM.

Inhibition of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1)attenuates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced atherosclerosis in mouse models / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1)in ath-erosclerosis induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH).Methods ApoE-/-mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group and experimental group.The mice in the model group and the experimental group were kept in a hypoxic environment and fed with a high-fat diet.After 4 weeks of high-fat feeding,mice in the experi-mental group were intraperitoneally injected with TREM-1 inhibitor LR12(5 mg/kg)for 8 weeks.After 12 weeks of feeding,the level of serum total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein(LDL),triglyceride(TG),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-10(IL-10)were detected.Histological analysis of aortic TREM-1 expression,plaque area and macrophage level were examined.Results Compared with blank group,the expression of TREM-1 in the aorta of the model group significantly increased(P＜0.05).Com-pared with model group,the aortic plaque,the level of lipids in serum(TC,LDL,TG)and inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-10),aortic plaque,the expression of TREM-1 and infiltrating macrophages in aortic plaque of the experimental group were all significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Conclusions TREM-1 is involved in the develop-ment of CIH-induced AS.Inhibition of TREM-1 can alleviate CIH-induced AS and its mechanism is related to the inhibition of macrophage activation.

The impact of surgical treatment for deep endometriosis: metabolic profile, quality of life and psychological aspects

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of surgical treatment of deep endometriosis on the metabolic profile, quality of life and psychological aspects. Methods Prospective observational study, carried out with women of reproductive age diagnosed with deep endometriosis, treated in a specialized outpatient clinic, from October/2020 to September/2022, at a University Hospital in Fortaleza - Brazil. Standardized questionnaires were applied to collect data on quality of life and mental health, in addition to laboratory tests to evaluate dyslipidemia and dysglycemia, at two moments, preoperatively and six months after surgery. The results were presented using tables, averages and percentages. Results Thirty women with an average age of 38.5 years were evaluated. Seven quality of life domains showed improved scores: pain, control and impotence, well-being, social support, self-image, work life and sexual relations after surgery (ES ≥ 0.80). There was an improvement in mental health status with a significant reduction in anxiety and depression postoperatively. With the metabolic profile, all average levels were lower after surgery: total cholesterol 8.2% lower, LDL 12.8% lower, triglycerides 10.9% lower, and fasting blood glucose 7.3% lower (p < 0.001). Conclusion Surgical treatment of deep endometriosis improved the quality of life and psychological aspects of patients. The lipid profile of patients after laparoscopy was favorable when compared to the preoperative lipid profile.

Nutritional Value and Amino Acid Profile of Dried Seeds of Cucumeropsis mannii (Cucurbitaceae)

Aims: To assess the biochemical, phytochemical and amino acid content from Cucumeropsis mannii dried seeds flours grown in C魌e d'Ivoire (West Africa). Study Design: Experimental. Place and duration of study: Sample: Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Security, Nangui Abrogoua University Methodology: Cucumeropsis mannii seeds were obtained for this study from an experimental field in Gagnoa (C魌e d扞voire). In March 2022, seeds were planted and after 7 months, the mature fruits that lead to the complete drying of the plant were harvested. Results: The biochemical composition of the seeds revealed that they contain varying proportions of carbohydrates, fibers, ash, total sugars with contents of 9.28 � 0.79 %; 2.72 � 0.30 %; 3.12 � 0.38; 2.34 � 0.05, respectively. High levels of lipids, proteins, dry matter and energy were observed in seed flour with values of 47.46 � 1.55 %; 31.80 � 1.16 %; 94.38 � 0.6 %; 591.46 � 1.17 kcal /100 g DM. The resulting flour reached a pH of 6.5. The study of phytochemicals showed varying levels of oxalate (0.32 g/100g DM), tannins (3.02 g TAE/ 100g DM), total polyphenols (8.12 mg GAE / g DM), total flavonoids (27.5 mg QE/g DM) and carotenoids (2.9 礸/100g DM). Furthermore, they were potential sources of essential amino acids, including histidine (905.6 mg/100g), isoleucine (844.5 mg/100g), threonine (730.1mg/100g), phenylalanine (550.0 mg/100g), valine (469.9 mg/100g), leucine (456.6 mg/100g), and methionine (358.5 mg/100g). Conclusion: The overall result implies that Cucumeropsis mannii seeds could be added to the food preparations of malnourished children.

Ruta de atención y manejo de la dislipidemia en el paciente con síndrome coronario agudo: brechas y recomendaciones / The care pathway management of dyslipidemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome: gaps and recommendations

Resumen Objetivo: el síndrome coronario agudo es una importante causa de morbimortalidad en Colombia, con una alta carga en calidad de vida, muertes, impacto social y costos para el sistema. El control subóptimo de las dislipidemias tiene múltiples causas, entre ellas el uso inadecuado de las estatinas, la inercia terapéutica, la baja difusión y la adopción de las guías y protocolos de manejo, adicional a las barreras de acceso a la atención y a los medicamentos, y la falta de trazabilidad en la atención a partir del evento isquémico agudo. El proyecto "Ruta de atención y manejo de los lípidos en el paciente con síndrome coronario agudo" busca identificar las brechas en la atención clínica y el manejo de la dislipidemia en los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo en Colombia, y plantear soluciones para cerrarlas. Materiales y método: se realizaron 178 encuestas a profesionales médicos en instituciones de todo el país, para conocer las pautas de manejo de los pacientes con dislipidemia en el paciente con síndrome coronario agudo. Un panel de 17 expertos analizó los resultados y definió las brechas entre la práctica clínica, la evidencia disponible y el manejo recomendado, y planteó recomendaciones para cerrarlas. Resultados y Conclusiones: este artículo muestra las principales brechas detectadas en el manejo de la dislipidemia en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo en Colombia, y emite recomendaciones de manejo de la dislipidemia, coherentes con las necesidades y características del Sistema de Salud colombiano.

Abstract Objective: acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Colombia, imposing a heavy burden in terms of quality of life, deaths, social impact, and costs to the system. Suboptimal control of dyslipidemia, associated with inadequate statin use, therapeutic inertia, and low rate of dissemination and adoption of the management protocols and guidelines are clinical and healthcare-related factors that contribute to this situation. This is compounded by barriers that hinder access to care and medications, and the lack of care traceability after the acute ischemic event. The "Care Pathway and lipid management in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome" project seeks to identify gaps in clinical care and the management of dyslipidemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Colombia and propose solutions to bridge those gaps. Materials and method: to gain insights into the management of dyslipidemia in patients with ACS, 178 surveys were sent to medical professionals working in different institutions throughout the country. A panel of 17 experts analyzed the results and identified gaps in terms of clinical practice, available evidence, recommended management, and proposed recommendations to bridge those gaps. Results and conclusions: this paper describes the main gaps related to the management of dyslipidemia in patients with ACS in Colombia and offers recommendations by the needs and characteristics of the Colombian Health System.

Carne de boga (Leporinus obtusidens) sometida a diferentes técnicas de cocción: efectos en las proteínas y lípidos, con énfasis en el perfil de ácidos grasos / Boga meat (Leporinus obtusidens) subjected to different cooking techniques: effects on proteins and lipids, with emphasis on fatty acid profile

Resumen Introducción: el conocimiento de la composición lipídica de los pescados de agua dulce es escaso, a pesar de aportar ácidos grasos (AG) con características saludables. Si bien, los análisis de composición nutricional del pescado normalmente se realizan en crudo, estos datos tienen una utilidad limitada ya que usualmente se lo consume cocido. Objetivo: identificar cambios en el contenido de proteínas, lípidos y en el perfil de AG de la boga sometida a dos técnicas de cocción. Materiales y método: sobre la porción comestible de tres ejemplares de boga (Leporinus obtusidens), se determinó humedad (IRAM 15010-1), cenizas (AOAC 938.08), grasas totales (AOAC 964,12), proteínas (AOAC 981.10) y perfil de AG por cromatografía gaseosa (ISO 5508 e ISO 5509), tanto en muestras crudas como cocidas en horno y parrilla. Resultados: la cocción al horno provocó una disminución en el contenido de humedad y un aumento en la concentración de lípidos. Hubo diferencias significativas entre el contenido de proteínas de muestras crudas, cocidas al horno y a la parrilla. Los AG monoinsaturados fueron predominantes, con una relación AG saturados/AG insaturados de 0,6 y un índice aterogénico < 1, en todas las muestras ensayadas. Se destacó la presencia de AG con importancia nutricional como el ácido linoleico (18:2), linolénico (18:3), eicosapentanoico (EPA, 20:5) y docosahexaenoico (DHA, 22:6). Conclusión: la cocción de la boga al horno o a la parrilla no generó pérdida de nutrientes ni modificación en su perfil lipídico, conservando AG de importancia nutricional. Estas dos técnicas de cocción pueden incluirse en las recomendaciones para el consumo de este pescado de río, dentro de una alimentación saludable.

Abstract Introduction: knowledge of the lipid composition of freshwater fish is scarce, despite the fact that they provide fatty acids (FAs) with healthy characteristics. Although analyses of the nutritional composition of fish are usually performed raw, these data are of limited use since it is usually eaten cooked. Objective: to identify changes in the protein content, lipids and FA profile of the boga (Leporinus obtusidens) subjected to two cooking techniques. Materials and method: moisture (IRAM 15010-1), ash (AOAC 938.08), total fats (AOAC 964.12), proteins (AOAC 981.10) and FA profile by gas chromatography (ISO 5508 and ISO 5509) were determined on the edible portion of three specimens of boga, both in raw samples and in oven and grill. Results: oven-cooking caused a decrease in moisture content and an increase in lipid concentration. There were significant differences between the protein content of raw, oven-cooked, and grilled samples. Monounsaturated FAs were predominant, with a saturated/unsaturated FA ratio of 0.6 and an atherogenic index < 1, in all samples tested. The presence of nutritionally important FA such as linoleic acid (18:2), linolenic acid (18:3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) was highlighted. Conclusion: oven-cooking or grilling the boga did not generate nutrient loss or modification in its lipid profile, preserving FA of nutritional importance. These two cooking techniques can be included in the recommendations for the consumption of this river fish, as part of a healthy diet.

Estimation of Lipid and Fatty Acids Composition over the Ground Part of Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) Plants Growing in Namangan Region

The article is devoted to the study of lipids and fatty acid composition of the above-ground part of the Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) plant of the Laminaceae family. It was found that the content of neutral lipids (NL) is 5.54%, PL - 6.12%, and total lipids (NL, PL) - 11.66%. Of the neutral lipids, the unsaponifiable substances (HB) had a bright yellow color, which is explained by a small amount of carotenoids (88.87 mg%). Glycolipids dominate in PL. Among the unsaponifiable substances were found biologically active components such as hydrocarbons, carotenoids, aliphatic alcohols, sterols and triterpenols. Phytosterols were the main component of unsaponifiable NS. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of fatty acids from the plant Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) was carried out by gas chromatography (GC). 28 acids were identified, of which 11 compounds are saturated, and 7 compounds are unsaturated fatty acids. Of the fatty acids, the main ones are linolenic 18:3 (35.48), palmitic 16:0 (33.38%), as well as ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosanoic 20:1, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic 20:2, 8,11,14-eicosatriene 20:3 + arachidonic 20:4. Extracts of Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) were distinguished by a high content of polyunsaturated acids, which determines their potential biological activity.