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ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction between micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in patients with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: We included patients with primary open angle glaucoma with at least 12 months of follow-up. We collected and analyzed data on the preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes. The primary outcomes were a reduction of ≥20% of the baseline value (criterion A) and/or intraocular pressure between 6 and 21 mmHg (criterion B). Results: We included 128 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. The preoperative mean intraocular pressure was 25.53 ± 6.40 and 35.02 ± 12.57 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean intraocular pressure was reduced significantly to 14.33 ± 3.40 and 15.37 ± 5.85 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups at the last follow-up, respectively (p=0.110). The mean intraocular pressure reduction at 12 months was 11.20 ± 11.46 and 19.65 ± 13.22 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The median preoperative logMAR visual acuity was 0.52 ± 0.69 and 1.75 ± 1.04 in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean visual acuity variation was −0.10 ± 0.35 and −0.074 ± 0.16 in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p=0.510). Preoperatively, the mean eye drops were 3.44 ± 1.38 and 2.89 ± 0.68 drugs in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p=0.017), but those were 2.06 ± 1.42 and 1.02 ± 1.46 at the end of the study in the "slow cook" and micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The success of criterion A was not significant between both groups. Compared with 11 eyes (17.74%) in the "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group, 19 eyes (28.78%) in the micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group showed complete success (p=0.171). For criterion B, 28 (42.42%) and 2 eyes (3.22%) showed complete success after micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both techniques reduced intraocular pressure effectively.

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ABSTRACT Aging and face sagging have many causes, and various techniques are used for treatment, including noninvasive procedures, such as focused ultrasound, which uses the principle of collagen regeneration by coagulative necrosis of the dermis layers using radiofrequency, but this procedure has complications. We reported a case of a 54-year-old female patient who complained of poor visual acuity in her right eye three days after a focused ultrasound facial aesthetic procedure, with the best visual acuity of 20/60. Biomicroscopy of the right eye revealed an acute cataract with three points of fibrosis extending from the posterior to the anterior capsule. The patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery with visual rehabilitation and improved vision of 20/20. We hypothesized that the occurrence of acute cataract was related to the inappropriate use of focused ultrasound.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to characterize retinitis pigmentosa associated with the eyes shut homolog gene, which causes hereditary retinal degeneration. Methods: The anatomical and functional findings of retinitis pigmentosa in patients with variants of the eyes shut homolog gene were characterized and compared using multimodal imaging and genetic analysis of the variants. Clinical data such as visual acuity, lens status, and refraction were obtained from medical records. Patients underwent an ophthalmic examination, including static visual field, microperimetry, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and fundus photography. Results: Twenty-two patients were included in the study. Several anatomical and functional characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa-eyes shut homolog were identified, including the presence of cataracts, cystoid macular edema, epiretinal membrane, and a tubular visual field. Genetic results revealed 26 distinct variants in the cohort, with 7 novel variants not previously documented or reported in the scientific literature or databases. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that eyes shut homolog-retinitis pigmentosa manifests in specific patterns, starting in adolescence with mild progression and advancing with age. The integration of multimodal imaging and genetic analysis has provided a detailed understanding of the anatomical and functional features of retinitis pigmentosa-eyes shut homolog. Seven novel variants of the eyes shut homolog gene have been identified. These findings enhance the understanding of eyes shut homolog-related retinitis pigmentosa characteristics of by detailing the spectrum of mutations in this gene within the Brazilian population.

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La economía de la salud es un área de estudio que cuenta con herramientas críticas para la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia en salud, entre las que se encuentran las evaluaciones económicas. Estas permiten ponderar los costos en que se incurre para una determinada intervención respecto a sus consecuencias o desenlaces sanitarios. La principal utilidad de estos estudios radica en lograr decisiones informadas, y formular políticas públicas. El presente artículo corresponde a la primera de dos revisiones tituladas "Aproximación a las evaluaciones económicas en salud", cuyo propósito principal es abordar conceptos teóricos fundamentales de las evaluaciones económicas en salud para facilitar la comprensión y el análisis crítico de las mismas. A su vez, esta publicación se ha desarrollado en el contexto de una serie metodológica de epidemiología clínica, bioestadística y metodología de la investigación realizada por la cátedra de Metodología de la Investigación y de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.

Health economics is an area of study that has critical tools for evidence-based healthcare decision making, among which are economic evaluations. These tools allow us to weigh the costs incurred for a given intervention in relation to its health outcomes. The main utility of these studies lies in accomplishing decision-making in healthcare and the formulation of public policies. This article is the first of two reviews on whose main purpose is to address fundamental theoretical concepts of health economic evaluations to facilitate their understanding and critical analysis. The text is part of a methodological series on clinical epidemiology, biostatistics and research methodology conducted by the Evidence-based Medicine team at the School of Medicine of the University of Valparaíso, Chile.

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This comprehensive review provides a pioneering analysis of the instrumental role of Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in unravelling the bioavailability and bioequivalence of Febuxostat (FBS) in human plasma. Utilizing Febuxostat d9 and d7, along with other drugs as internal standards (IS), the review steers through the intricate view of pharmaceutical research, focusing on validation methods and the challenges presented by the complex pharmacokinetics of FBS. Unprecedented in its depth, the review aims to contribute valuable insights to the field by addressing the evolving paradigms in pharmaceutical analysis. FBS, a revolutionary advancement in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, takes centre stage, highlighting its pivotal role in contemporary therapeutic approaches. LC-MS develops as a cornerstone analytical method for studying FBS, offering unparalleled sensitivity and selectivity. The review delves into the sample preparation techniques, emphasizing the significance of protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction in extracting FBS from human blood plasma. LC-MS/MS, chosen for its exceptional sensitivity and specificity, becomes a focal point in FBS analysis, with IS employed to enhance accuracy. The optimization of chromatographic conditions, encompassing the careful selection of stationary and mobile phases, is highlighted as crucial for establishing a robust and reliable LC method, ensuring accuracy in pharmacokinetic studies of FBS. This concept encapsulates the essence of the review, positioning LC-MS as a superior analytical technique for the precise determination of Febuxostat in blood plasma, especially in the context of bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.

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Background: Burn injuries are a serious health problem because of their potential intensity and high mortality. An effective management of burn infections is, therefore, a paramount requirement for improving the patient's outcome. Because of this, the present study was undertaken to analyze the causes, severity and microbiological profiles of burn infections, evaluate the efficacy of diagnostic methods, and assess antibiotic susceptibility to guide better treatment practices. Methods: This was a hospital-based, prospective cross-sectional study done for one year, including 109 burn patients admitted in the burn wards and ICU of a Government Medical College. Data was collected through wound swabs and biopsy samples. Microbiological cultures were analyzed to identify the predominant pathogens; antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed to determine the resistance patterns. Concordance between the swab and biopsy results was assessed. Clinical outcome was monitored. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 58.33% of the second swab cultures and 61.11% of the third swab cultures, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 25% of the second swab cultures and 5.55% of the third swab cultures. Very high resistance patterns were seen for cloxacillin 91.8%, cotrimoxazole 86%, and cephazolin 83.7%, while imipenem accounted for the lowest at 23.3%. The concordance of biopsy and swab cultures in this study was 60%. Isolated organisms in biopsy specimens included P. aeruginosa 76.19% and S. aureus 9.52%. Conclusion: P. aeruginosa forms the main causative organism for burn infections, and high antibiotic resistance significantly impairs treatment efficiency. Swabs may be useful at the initiation of treatment, but a biopsy is necessary for the exact identification of the pathogens, particularly with changing resistance patterns. This current study accentuates diagnostic improvement and antibiotic stewardship. Future studies need to be aimed at developing better diagnostic tools, new treatment modalities, and preventive measures for better management of burn wound infections.

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Tumors are the result of unchecked cell proliferation in the body, which leads to the complicated and widespread illness known as cancer. The formidable issue of providing effective cancer treatment has prompted scientists to investigate novel strategies. Using nanoparticles based on polymers tiny particles made of substances that are harmless for the body is one approach that shows promise. Strong anticancer medications are delivered to cancer cells directly via these nanoparticles, which also increase therapy effectiveness and reduce adverse effects on healthy cells. This study explores the field of targeted cancer treatment using polymer-based nanoparticles, using information from reliable sources such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. A strict and methodical procedure was followed in the selection of published articles to guarantee the inclusion of relevant and excellent research papers. Numerous production techniques, including self-assembly, emulsion/solvent evaporation, and nanoprecipitation, provide fine control over the size, shape, and properties of nanoparticles. Methods based on ligands, pH response, and stimuli response are used to promote enhanced selectivity and accumulation inside malignancies. Diverse advantages are provided by polymer-based nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Their promise in targeted cancer therapy is highlighted by this comprehensive review, which also provides insights into design concepts, manufacturing techniques, and targeting strategies that open the door to individualized and successful therapies. The benefits of polymer-based nanoparticles are emphasized, including their strong drug-loading ability, prolonged half-life, and active targeting of cancer cells with the least amount of damage to healthy tissues. In order to maximize the usage of polymer-based nanoparticles in customized cancer therapies and eventually improve patient outcomes in the area of oncology, further investigation and clinical trials are necessary

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Background: One method used selectively in medical education institutions is the Flipped Classroom Model. According to this paradigm, students receive their first material education at home by completing tasks instead of the typical, boring teacher-centric lectures. (minimum 48–72 h before the session), and spend class time in interactive sessions and group activities. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to introduce Flip classroom teaching in the subject of biochemistry, compare teaching-learning with the flip classroom method and interactive lecturing in biochemistry for 1st-year MBBS students, and assess the acceptability and feasibility of this method among undergraduates and faculty members. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional interventional study was carried out and department faculties were introduced to this method. One hundred students of 1st-year MBBS class were included in the study. There were two Groups, A and B, each with 50 students. For Topic I, Group A was taught by the flip classroom method and Group B was taught by the interactive Lecture method. For Topic II, Group A will be taught by the interactive Lecture method while Group B will be taught by the flip classroom method. Pre- and post-tests were conducted for both sessions. Feedback was taken as questionnaires from the students and faculties at the end of the sessions. Results: We found statistically significant differences among both methods from feedback received from the students. Feedback received from the faculties was very positive. The average Likert score was above four in almost all questionnaires. Conclusion: Our research indicates that interactive lectures are not as effective as the flipped classroom approach for teaching and learning. Due to providing material ahead of the lecture, students are more interactive in flipped classrooms and perform well in post-session examinations.

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Background : Despite the fact that contraception usage has increased over a period of time, there exist a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice-gap of Contraceptives. Aims and Objectives : (1) To study the Knowledge and Attitude about temporary methods of contraception. (2) To determine the side effects of temporary family planning methods. Material and Methods : This was a hospital based prospective study carried out at Tertiary Care Centre during the year 2020. Selection of participants (150) was done through stratified sampling those patients who had received temporary family planning services. The interview was taken of beneficiaries attending the Tertiary Care Centre. Results : Majority of the women belonged to young age (70%). Most common source of information was a doctor at their antenatal clinic (50.67%). Women (82%) were aware of condoms, 70% of IUCD and only 31% aware of injectable contraception. Among users of Oral Contraceptive (OC) Pills, 40% had complaint of irregular bleeding, 36% over- weight, 30% nausea. Among IUCD users, 18% had problem of bleeding p/v, 6% patients had string problem like discomfort while intercourse and expulsion of IUCD (2%). Amenorrhea (72%) was side effects observed in Injection DMPA users. Conclusion : Most of the participants were aware of various temporary methods except injectable. Women users were experienced mild side effects and no major complications.

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Resumo Fundamento: A síndrome do PRKAG2 tipicamente se manifesta na adolescência e início da idade adulta, cursando com hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, arritmias e risco de morte súbita. O achado de marcadores ecocardiográficos antes da manifestação clínica nos filhos de pais acometidos pela doença pode facilitar a estratégia de prevenção e planejamento terapêutico para esse grupo de pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar a existência de achados ecocardiográficos que se manifestem precocemente nos filhos de pais acometidos por síndrome do PRKAG2, enquanto ainda assintomáticos. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal em que sete participantes, filhos de pais com diagnóstico estabelecido de síndrome do PRKAG2, com idades entre 9 meses e 12 anos e diagnóstico genético comprovado, foram submetidos à ecocardiografia convencional e por técnicas avançadas, tendo seus achados comparados aos de grupo controle composto por sete voluntários pareados por sexo e idade, hígidos do ponto de vista cardiovascular. Um valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado significante. Resultados: A ecocardiografia convencional mostrou valores aumentados com significância estatística no grupo caso para átrio esquerdo, septo interventricular, parede posterior do ventrículo esquerdo, massa ventricular indexada e espessura relativa da parede (p < 0,05). O strain sistólico longitudinal global obtido pelo ecocardiograma bidimensional não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos caso e controle. Nenhum dos parâmetros ao ecocardiograma tridimensional apresentou significância estatística entre os grupos. Conclusão: Crianças diagnosticadas com PRKAG2 demonstraram achados ecocardiográficos indicativos de tendência à hipertrofia cardíaca. A ecocardiografia pode ser uma ferramenta útil na avaliação e seguimento desse grupo de pacientes, antes do início de manifestações clínicas.

Abstract Background: PRKAG2 syndrome typically manifests in adolescence and early adulthood, progressing with left ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmias, and risk of sudden death. Findings of echocardiographic markers before clinical manifestation in children of patients affected by the disease can facilitate prevention strategies and therapeutic planning for this patient group. Objective: To identify the existence of echocardiographic findings that manifest early in children of parents affected by PRKAG2 syndrome, while they are still asymptomatic. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 7 participants who were children of parents with established diagnosis of PRKAG2 syndrome, between the ages of 9 months and 12 years, with proven genetic diagnosis, underwent conventional and advanced echocardiography. Their findings were compared to those of a control group composed of 7 age- and sex-matched volunteers who were healthy from a cardiovascular point of view. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Conventional echocardiography showed statistically significantly higher values in the case group for left atrium, interventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall, indexed ventricular mass, and relative wall thickness (p < 0.05). Global longitudinal systolic strain on 2-dimensional echocardiography did not show statistical significance between the case and control groups. None of the parameters on 3-dimensional echocardiography showed statistical significance between groups. Conclusion: Children diagnosed with PRKAG2 showed echocardiographic findings indicative of a tendency toward cardiac hypertrophy. Echocardiography can be a useful tool in the evaluation and follow-up of this patient group before the onset of clinical manifestations.

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Background: Memory is the storage of acquired knowledge for later recall. Learning and memory form the basis by which individuals adapt their behavior to their particular external circumstances. Without these mechanisms, it would be impossible for individuals to plan for successful interactions and to intentionally avoid predictably disagreeable circumstances. Yoga unites the individual self with the cosmic consciousness, which can be achieved by pranayama, asanas, and meditation. Aims and Objectives: To compare the short-term memory in yoga practitioners and Non yoga practitioners by visual tasks and to assess by visual tasks, the improvement in short-term memory after applying memory-improving methods in yoga practitioners and non-yoga practitioners. Materials and Methods: 50 female subjects performing yoga at least 5 days a week for the past 3 months with no any morbidities and 50 female subjects as controls with no any morbid illness were selected randomly from the general population for the study. The memory assessment and memory-improving methods were applied as per Washington’s Chudler memory assessments. Results: The present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at Rajarajeswari Medical College Bengaluru on 50 yoga practitioners and 50 controls aged 20–65 years who volunteered for the study. Short-term memory status by the visual task before and after application of certain memory improvement methods by using four tests i.e. Alphabetical test (six trials), Numerical test (six trials), Words test, and Object test were done and analyzed both for the controls and yoga practitioners. The mean age of controls and yoga practitioners was 37.78 ± 9.83 years and 37.16 ± 9.53 years respectively. There is no significant age difference in between the groups. The P = 0.74 (Student’s unpaired t-test). Short-term memory status in yoga practitioners significantly increased in Alphabetical and Numerical tests in Trials 5 and 6 and also in word and object tests, The P = 0.0001 (analysis of variance test), meanwhile, their short-term memory status were compared before and after the practice of yoga for 3 months. In the present study we found there is increase in the short-term memory of the yoga practitioners when compared to their own memory before and after the practice of yoga. Conclusion: The present study was undertaken to compare the short-term memory status in yoga practitioners and non-yoga practitioners and also to evaluate the use of memory-improving methods to improve the short- term memory in them. On the basis of the study results we can conclude that the short-term memory can be improved by practicing yoga. The study showed an improved memory status when the non-yoga practitioners were compared with yoga practitioners after practicing yoga. The memory-improving methods showed improved memory status in the control group.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs. While pulmonary TB (PTB) is the most prevalent form, comprising the majority of cases, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. TB spreads through the air when individuals with lung TB cough, sneeze, or spit. Aim: We aim to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of molecular diagnostic methods versus conventional techniques for detecting PTB. Results: Among 1100 samples analyzed, 384 cases (34.90%) of TB were identified, encompassing both pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms. The highest number of samples was collected from individuals aged 21–40, 41–60, and 61–80 years. In particular, 70 out of 114 pus samples (61.40%) tested positive for EPTB. In contrast, only 5 out of 79 pleural fluid samples (6.33%) and 16 out of 32 lymph node samples (50%) tested positive for EPTB. Conclusion: These findings highlight the critical need for ongoing research and the development of accurate, sensitive, and accessible diagnostic methods to combat TB effectively. PTB was observed to be more prevalent, affecting a larger proportion of individuals, while EPTB accounted for a smaller, though significant, number of cases.

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Background: Multi-parameter monitoring devices are essential for providing real-time patient data, which is crucial for effective healthcare interventions. This clinical trial evaluated the accuracy of the ProRithm beat-to-beat cuffless device for arterial blood pressure monitoring, comparing it with a standard sphygmomanometer. Methods: This observational study included 30 subjects aged 18 and above. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements from both the ProRithm device and the Philips Monitor were compared using statistical analysis. Results: The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the ProRithm device and the manual method. In comparison with manual measurements using a sphygmomanometer, the mean systolic blood pressure was 131.2 mmHg with ProRithm it was 129.3 mmHg. Similarly, with the manual method, while the mean diastolic blood pressure was 76.2 mmHg and with ProRithm it was 75.9 mmHg. Conclusions: This study indicates that portable, small-sized devices like ProRithm, which facilitate remote monitoring, are effective for real-time blood pressure assessment in clinical settings.

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Rice farmers face challenges in achieving higher yield and profit during the summer season due to improper establishment and weed control. To address this, a study was conducted to assess the effects of herbicide combinations on the growth and yield of CR Dhan 206 (Gopinath), a high-yielding rice variety. The research took place from January to May 2022 at the PG Research Farm of M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha. The experiment followed a split plot design with two main plots (transplanted rice and wet seeded rice) and five subplots (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron (Tank mix) @ (50+15) g ha-1 at 18 days after transplanting/sowing (DAT/S); triafamone + ethoxysulfuron (Ready mix) @ (45+22.5) g ha-1 at 12 DAT/S; pretilachlor + bensulfuron-methyl (Ready mix) @ (600+60) g ha-1 at 4 DAT/S; weed-free (Hand weeding at 20,40,60 DAT/S); and weedy check) replicated thrice. The dominant weeds observed were Echinochloa colona, Leptochloa chinensis, Cyanotis auxiliaris, Physalis minima, Ludwigia parviflora, Cyperus iria, and Fimbristylis miliacea. Results indicated that the establishment methods did not significantly affect crop growth, yield attributes, crop yield, and weed infestation. However, the application of triafamone + ethoxysulfuron in both transplanted and wet seeded rice demonstrated superior growth, yield, weed control, and comparable results to the weed-free check. The combination of wet seeded rice and triafamone + ethoxysulfuron showed the highest net return and benefit-cost ratio, suggesting its recommendation for effective weed control and profitability in rice farming in summer season.

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RESUMEN Introducción. La anticoncepción postaborto es vital para reducir embarazos no deseados y prevenir la mortalidad materna. Objetivo. Determinar si la nacionalidad y la edad están asociadas con el uso de anticonceptivos prescritos en el postaborto, tras un seguimiento de seis meses. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico con mujeres que aceptaron un método anticonceptivo inmediatamente después de un aborto en un hospital público peruano (N = 399). De ellas, se contactó telefónicamente a 175 participantes seis meses después. Resultados. Solo el 39,42% de las mujeres mantuvo el uso del método anticonceptivo. Se halló una asociación significativa entre la edad (p = 0,049) y la nacionalidad venezolana (p = 0,043) con el uso de métodos anticonceptivos seis meses después del aborto. Conclusión. Seis meses después del alta hospitalaria, se observa una asociación entre el uso de métodos anticonceptivos postaborto y las variables edad y nacionalidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Post-abortion contraception is crucial for reducing unintended pregnancies and preventing maternal mortality. Objective. To determine whether nationality and age are associated with the use of prescribed contraceptives post-abortion after a six-month follow-up. Methods. An observational analytical study was conducted with women who accepted a contraceptive method immediately after an abortion in a public hospital in Peru (N = 399). Of these, 175 participants were contacted by phone six months later. Results. Only 39.42% of the women continued using a contraceptive method. A significant association was found between age (p = 0,049) and Venezuelan nationality (p = 0,043) with contraceptive use six months after the abortion. Conclusion. Six months after hospital discharge, an association is observed between post-abortion contraceptive use and the variables of age and nationality.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening monogenic disease affecting thousands of people worldwide. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ion channel that facilitates transportation of water and salts across epithelial cell membranes through the conductance of Cl? and other anions. A dysfunctional CFTR due to abnormalities in the cftr gene causes CF, which is believed to be a rare disease in India mainly due to mis/underdiagnosis. Although numerous diagnostic methods and treatment options are available for CF globally, most of these are unaffordable for developing countries like India. Currently, CF symptoms are managed with mucolytics, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and various CFTR modulators based on the type of defect. While a definitive cure for CF remains elusive, advancements in stem cell and gene therapies hold promise for permanent cure in the near future. In this review, we discuss the prevalence of CF cases in India, affordable diagnostic methods, and treatment options amenable for developing countries. We further emphasize the scope for the universal newborn screening programme.

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Introduction: : Lectures as a method of teaching are very common and also under increasing criticism due to passive recipients of information with no development of thinking skills or change in attitude. Objective: To Compare traditional lecture method with interactive teaching methods in large groups and to assess the perceptions of students towards these methods. Method: A Quasi-Experimental Study was taken th up at the Department of Community Medicine among 7 semester students of MBBS course of Medical College located at Hyderabad for a period of 4 months. Four different teaching-learning methods such as traditional, case-based, Jigsaw, and Quiz were conducted for 4 topics of Non-communicable diseases which were evaluated through objective structured questions and subjective by perceptions rated on a Likert scale(1-5). Results: Out of 100 students, 92 students regularly attended all the teaching methods of 4 topicsHypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Stroke, and Coronary artery disease. The highest objective structured mean score of 6.34�367 was obtained for case based teaching in hypertension topic, whereas for rest of the topics like Diabetes Mellitus (6.63�827), Coronary artery disease (6.95�561) and stroke (6.11�941), jigsaw method showed highest mean score. Subjective rating was excellent for jigsaw method in context with the topic related to Hypertension and stroke. Quiz was rated as excellent for the topics related to Diabetes mellitus and Coronary artery disease. For the overall perceptions consisting of positive and negative questions, highest score was rated for the jigsaw method of teaching. Conclusion: Objective evaluation has revealed higher scores with interactive teaching methods compared to traditional method and the jigsaw method was most preferable method and scored the highest as per feedback given by students.

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Background: Medical education in India has undergone significant shift recently with the implementation of competency- based medical education (CBME) in August 2019. The results of this study can be a valuable input to the National Medical Commission for curriculum development. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to understand the level of awareness of CBME among students, know their satisfaction with the new learning methods, and get their suggestions. Materials and Methods: A pre-validated questionnaire with ten yes/no questions, eight 5-point Likert scale questions, and seven open-ended questions was used to capture students’ perspectives on CBME. Results: Overall, the students had a positive response. The study also highlights some areas of concern, such as the lack of early clinical exposure experienced by some students and the relatively low participation in reflective writing. Many students considered logbook as a burden as they could not understand its aim. Management of supplementary batches requires reconsiderations. There are differences in opinion about the optimal duration of the phases of MBBS course. Conclusion: Students find the curriculum helpful in their learning and development. The findings suggest that the new curriculum is on the right track, but that there are some areas that need to be improved.

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RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da tradução, validação transcultural e avaliação preliminar de uma ferramenta, originalmente desenvolvida no Reino Unido, para orientar pesquisadores brasileiros na elaboração de projetos e pesquisas de implementação rigorosos e de alta qualidade: ImpRes-BR. Seguindo boas práticas atualmente estabelecidas para validação transcultural de instrumentos e escalas, a ferramenta, juntamente com seu guia de utilização, foi traduzida e retrotraduzida, submetida a um teste piloto com 20 profissionais de saúde e avaliada por um painel de 10 especialistas que atribuíram os valores utilizados para os cálculos do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ao nível do item (IVC-I) e escala (IVC-E). Nesse processo, além de índices de validade conceitual superiores à 90%, foi observado um IVC-I de pelo menos 0,90 em todos os domínios da ferramenta e seu guia e um IVC-E de 0,98. Estabelecida a validade da ferramenta e seu guia, a mesma foi aplicada em 14 projetos de pesquisa em fase de planejamento ou execução e foi reconhecida enquanto um instrumento potente para autoanálise das equipes na qualificação de seus projetos e fortalecimento destes em relação aos princípios da Ciência de Implementação.

ABSTRACT This study aims to present the results of the translation, cross-cultural validation and preliminary evaluation of a tool, originally developed in the United Kingdom, to guide Brazilian researchers in the elaboration of projects and rigorous and high-quality implementation research: ImpRes-BR. Following currently established good practices for cross-cultural validation of instruments and scales, the tool, together with its user guide, was translated and back-translated, subjected to a pilot test with 20 health professionals and evaluated by a panel of 10 specialists who assigned the values used for the calculations of the Content Validity Index at the item level (CVI-I) and scale (CVI-E). In this process, in addition to conceptual validity indices greater than 90%, an IVC-I of at least 0.90 was observed in all domains of the tool and its guide, and an IVC-E of 0.98. Having established the validity of the tool and its guide, it was applied in 14 research projects in the planning or execution phase and was recognized as a powerful instrument for self-analysis of the teams in the qualification of their projects and strengthening them in relation to the principles of the Implementation Science.

ABSTRACT

Abstract The article aims to verify the influence of MNFs on the duration of the birth process. A systematic review was carried out in the MEDLINE, Web of Science and LILACS databases, through a combination of terms that cover the topic addressed, from 1996 to 2021/April. The Excel spreadsheet was used to collect data to extract information regarding each selected article, in turn, data analysis included the evaluation and classification of quality, reliability and risk of bias, thus, the following tools were used: Cochrane RoB 2, Checklist and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Warm bath, walking, exercises with a birthing ball, breathing techniques, supine position, acupuncture, acupressure and water birth reduced labor time. While spontaneous pushing, massage and immersion baths prolonged labor. Non-pharmacological methods capable of reducing the duration of labor were hot/warm shower, walking, birth ball exercises, breathing techniques, maternal mobility, dorsal position, acupuncture, acupressure and water birth, as well. associated applied techniques such as hot/warm bath, ball exercises and lumbosacral massage, as well as immersion bath, ball exercises, aromatherapy, vertical postures and maternal mobility with alternating vertical postures, shortened the birth time.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é verificar a influência dos MNFs na duração do processo de parto. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Web of Science e LILACS, por meio da combinação de termos que contemple a temática abordada, no período de 1996 a 2021/abril. Utilizou-se para coleta de dados a planilha Excel para extração de informações referentes a cada artigo selecionado, por sua vez, a análise dos dados compreendeu a avaliação e classificação da qualidade, confiabilidade e risco de viés, assim, utilizou-se como ferramentas: Cochrane RoB 2, Checklist e Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa. Reduziram o tempo de trabalho de parto banho morno, caminhada, exercícios com bola de parto, técnicas respiratórias, decúbito dorsal, acupuntura, acupressão e parto na água. Enquanto empurrões espontâneos, massagem e banho de imersão prolongaram o trabalho de parto. Os métodos não farmacológicos capazes de reduzir a duração do trabalho de parto foram banho de chuveiro quente/morno, caminhada, exercícios com bola de parto, técnicas de respiração, mobilidade materna, posição dorsal, acupuntura, acupressão e parto na água, também encurtaram o tempo de parto técnicas aplicadas associadas como banho quente/morno, exercícios com bola e massagem lombossacral, assim como banho de imersão, exercícios com bola, aromaterapia, posturas verticais e mobilidade materna com posturas verticais alternadas.