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Objective: To evaluate the influence of opacity and the layering technique on the fluorescence of different composite resins. Materials and Methods: Two opacities (enamel and dentin) and the layering technique (enamel + dentin) of the composite resins: Filtek® Z350 and Palfique LX5 were evaluated in vitro. Composite resin discs were fabricated using a preformed matrix of 10 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thick for the single opacity groups and 10 mm thick for the layering technique groups, using 2 layers of 0.5 mm thickness of each opacity (n = 5). Specimens were analyzed using the Raman spectroscopy method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskall-wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: When evaluating the intensity of fluorescence, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing the layering technique and enamel opacity (p2> 0.05) and an increase in the dentin opacity value for both brands of composite resin. Regarding wavelength, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing the layering technique with enamel opacity and dentin opacity for both Filtek® Z350 and Palfique LX5® composite resins (p2 > 0.05). Conclusions: The fluorescence intensity of the layering technique is similar to enamel opacity for both composite resins. Likewise, the wavelength of the layering technique is similar to the enamel opacity and dentin opacity for both brands.
Objetive: Evaluar la influencia de la opacidad y de la técnica de estratificación en la fluorescencia de diferentes resinas compuestas. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó in vitro 2 opacidades (Esmalte y Dentina) y la técnica de estratificación (Esmalte + Dentina) de las resinas compuestas: Filtek® Z350 y Palfique LX5. Se fabricaron discos de resina compuesta, utilizando una matriz preformada de 10 mm de diámetro y 0,5 mm de grosor para los grupos de opacidad única y 10 mm de grosor para los grupos de técnica estratificada, utilizando 2 capas de 0,5 mm de cada opacidad (n = 5). Los especímenes se analizaron mediante el método de Espectroscopía Raman. Los datos se analizaron utilizando la prueba de Kruskall-wallis y Prueba U de Mann Whitney. Resultado: Al evaluar la intensidad de fluorescencia no se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los pares: Técnica estratificada versus Opacidad Esmalte para ambas marcas de resina compuesta Filtek® Z350 y para Palfique LX5® (p2 > 0,05). Para longitud de onda no se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los pares: Técnica estratificada versus Opacidad Esmalte y Técnica estratificada VS Opacidad Dentina para ambas resinas compuesta Filtek® Z350 y Palfique LX5® (p2> 0,05). Conclusión: La intensidad de fluorescencia de la técnica estratificada es similar a la opacidad Esmalte para ambas resinas compuestas. De igual manera la longitud de onda de la técnica estratificada es similar a la opacidad Esmalte y opacidad Dentina para ambas marcas.
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Humans , Composite Resins/chemistry , Nanotechnology/methods , Spectrum Analysis , In Vitro TechniquesABSTRACT
Abstract This review provides the current state of knowledge regarding the use of nutritional nanocompounds on exercise performance. The reviewed studies used the following nanocompounds: resveratrol-loaded lipid nanoparticles, folic acid into layered hydroxide nanoparticle, redox-active nanoparticles with nitroxide radicals, and iron into liposomes. Most of these nutritional nanocompounds seem to improve performance in endurance exercise compared to the active compound in the non-nanoencapsulated form and/or placebo. Nutritional nanocompounds also induced the following physiological and metabolic alterations: 1) improved antioxidant activity and reduced oxidative stress; 2) reduction in inflammation status; 3) maintenance of muscle integrity; 4) improvement in mitochondrial function and quality; 5) enhanced glucose levels during exercise; 6) higher muscle and hepatic glycogen levels; and 7) increased serum and liver iron content. However, all the reviewed studies were conducted in animals (mice and rats). In conclusion, nutritional nanocompounds are a promising approach to improving exercise performance. As the studies using nutritional nanocompounds were all conducted in animals, further studies in humans are necessary to better understand the application of nutritional nanocompounds in sport and exercise science.
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Atherosclerosis(AS)is a common cardiovascular disease,and its treatment and prevention have been the focus of medical research.AS an emerging technology,nanotechnology has unique advantages and plays an important role in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of AS.This paper reviews the latest research on the application of nanotechnology in AS diseases,systematically discusses the role of nanotechnology in the diag-nosis and treatment of AS,and comprehensively analyzes the effects of nano-drug carriers based on different sur-face trimmers,loading diagnostic and therapeutic drugs so as to monitordisease progression of AS and its targeted treatment.The aim is to provide new thought for the clinical treatment of AS.
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BACKGROUND:Photothermal therapy is a novel tumor treatment strategy that uses photothermal agents to transform light energy into heat energy to accomplish non-invasive tumor ablation.The rise of photothermal therapy and nanotechnology has provided a new perspective on breast cancer treatment.OBJECTIVE:To prepare a new type of near-infrared biomimetic nanoprobe that has been modified by breast cancer cell membrane,to investigate the effect of near-infrared fluorescence/ultrasound imaging in vitro,and to observe its targeting ability and photothermal therapy effect on homologous tumor cells in vitro.METHODS:Organic small molecule ITIC-4CI with A-D-A structure was used as photothermal agents;polylactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer as nanocarrier;4T1 cell membrane of mouse breast cancer cells as a surface modifier of nanoparticles;perfluorohexane(PFH)was loaded.A novel near-infrared biomimetic nanoprobe(4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH)was prepared by the double emulsion evaporation method and sonication method.The basic characterization of the nanoprobe and the homologous targeting ability were detected.The photothermal properties and photothermal stability of the probe were investigated,and the near-infrared fluorescence/ultrasound imaging effect of the probe under laser irradiation was observed.The CCK-8 assay and calcein/propidium iodide staining were used to assess the efficacy of photothermal therapy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The prepared 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH nanoprobes had uniform size,high stability,and an average particle size of(92.7±2.3)nm.The probe's protein composition was identical to that of the 4T1 cell membrane.The nanoprobe's ability to target homologous 4T1 cells was validated by an in vitro cell uptake assay.(2)The nanoprobe had a red-shift absorption spectrum and tail emission extending to the near-infrared-Ⅱ,which emitted a bright near-infrared-Ⅱ fluorescence signal under laser irradiation.(3)After laser irradiation,the nanoprobe 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH could be turned into microbubbles and enhanced ultrasound imaging.The results of CCK-8 assay and calcein/propidium iodide staining showed that the nanoprobe 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH had an obvious photothermal killing effect on 4T1 cells.(4)The results show that the nanoprobe 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH has the ability to target homologous tumors and enhance near-infrared-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging/ultrasound imaging and photothermal therapy effects.
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BACKGROUND:Myocardial infarction is one of the most serious cardiovascular diseases at present,and the existing clinical treatment options such as thrombolytic therapy,percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting cannot fully restore the myocardial damage caused by ischemia.Stem cell-derived exosomes for the treatment of myocardial infarction have been a hot research topic in recent years,but the low yield of natural-derived exosomes,the difficulty and time consuming nature of obtaining them,and the poor homing effect have limited their clinical application.In this context,the construction of artificial exosomes as an alternative to natural exosomes has become an effective strategy to solve the above problems. OBJECTIVE:To expound the research status of artificial exosomes in the treatment of myocardial infarction,and classify them into two design modes:semi-artificial and full-artificial,and discuss the research progress and problems of the two modes,finally,make the evaluation and prospect of its clinical application in the future. METHODS:PubMed and CNKI were searched for relevant articles with"artificial exosomes,myocardial infarction,engineering"in Chinese,and"artificial exosome,hybrid exosome,myocardial infarction,nanoparticle,drug delivery system"in English.The focus of the search was from January 2017 to December 2022,and some of the classic forward literature was included.A preliminary selection was conducted through reading titles and abstracts.Repetitive studies,low-quality journals and irrelevant articles were excluded.Finally,73 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)By semi-artificially modifying exosomes,whether it is the modification of targeting peptides,hybridization of biofilms or the assistance of magnetic substances,traditional exosome therapies with insufficient targeting and low retention rate and easy to be cleared by the reticuloendothelial system have improved the efficiency of traditional exosome therapy for myocardial infarction.However,these strategies have problems such as unclear modification efficiency,medical ethics,and biotoxicity.(2)Fully artificial bionic exosomes have a higher degree of design freedom compared to exosome modification,which can solve the problems of high extraction and storage difficulties of exosomes of natural origin and limitations of large-scale production;however,this artificial exosome strategy still lacks reliable preclinical data support and biosafety testing,and has not yet formed a standardized process required for large-scale production;therefore,before applying to the clinic,the artificial exosome solution as an alternative to natural exosomes still needs continuous in-depth research by researchers.
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@#Cancer diagnosis and treatment has always been a hot spot in clinical and basic scientific research. In recent years,scientists have developed a large number of tumor diagnosis and treatment methods based on bacteria combined with nanotechnology. Compared with pure bacterial diagnosis and treatment,bacterial diagnosis and treatment combined with nanotechnology can produce multiple synergistic effects,thereby improving the efficacy of tumor diagnosis and treatment.The characteristics of bacteria such as environmental sensitivity,tropism,motility and hypoxia growth combined organically with nanotechnology can increase the solubility of insoluble drugs,promote drug lysosomal escape,and avoid phagocytosis and clearance of the reticuloendothelial system to construct a new type of bacterial micro/nano diagnosis and treatment platform,thereby achieving the precise tumor diagnosis and controlled drug release. This paper reviewed the research progress of bacteria combined with nanotechnology for tumor diagnosis and treatment in recent years and the challenges and possible solutions,so as to provide reference for promoting the rapid development of tumor diagnosis and treatment research.
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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were purified and unpurified in this study to obtain hybrid materials with improved activity. The production stage comprised a chemical purification of the produced sample. Raman spectroscopy analyzed the structural composition of purified and unpurified samples. The disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill assessment analyzed antimicrobial activity. MWCNT performed well against the tested bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus sp. Staphylococcus epidermidis). The disc diffusion assay revealed inhibition zone differences caused by purified and unpurified MWCNTs. MIC and MBC values of purified and unpurified MWCNTs were similar. The purified and unpurified nanotubes of Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35985) exhibited inhibition zone diameters of approximately 8 mm and 9 mm, respectively. The microdilution method revealed a MIC of 1.23 mg/ml for the purified nanotube and 0.156 mg/ml for the unpurified nanotube against the same microorganism. The killing curve analysis demonstrated that unpurified carbon nanotubes were more effective against all tested microorganisms. MWCNTs represent a promising method for microbiology, but studies on the toxicity of these materials remain scarce.
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Abstract Background It is justified by the high population's morbidity and mortality rate, as well as the increasing present use of nanoparticles in this pathological context. Objectives To describe the main nanotechnology breakthroughs in the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and disseminate pertinent information in the literature. Methods This is a systematic review conducted between September and October 2021. The review was carried out through basic nature, following the initial script for the selective reading of articles in chronological order to collect relevant and consistent data related to the theme. Results It is evidenced the main advances of nanotechnology in the field of CVDs, namely, acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), heart failure (HF), and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). Conclusion The importance of further and deeper studies in this area is emphasized, in order to make the already approved treatments feasible, so they can reach all publics at a low cost.
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Abstract Objective The present in vitro study incorporated niobium oxyhydroxide fillers into an experimental high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite to improve its mechanical performance and provide it a bioactive potential. Methodology Scanning electron microscopy synthesized and characterized 0.5% niobium oxyhydroxide fillers, demonstrating a homogeneous morphology that represented a reinforcement for the feature. Fillers were weighed, gradually added to the experimental resin composite, and homogenized for one minute, forming three groups: BF (experimental high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite; control), BF0.5 (experimental high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite modified with 0.5% niobium oxyhydroxide fillers), and BFC (commercial bulk-fill resin composite Beautifil Bulk U, Shofu; positive control). In total, 10 specimens/groups (8 × 2 × 2 mm) underwent flexural strength (FS) tests in a universal testing machine (Instron) (500N). Resin composites were also assessed for Knoop hardness (KH), depth of cure (DoC), degree of conversion (DC), elastic modulus (E), and degree of color change (ΔE). The bioactive potential of the developed resin composite was evaluated after immersing the specimens into a simulated body fluid in vitro solution and assessing them using a Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscope with an attenuated total reflectance accessory. One-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey's test (p<0.05), determined FS, DC, KH, and ΔE. For DoC, ANOVA was performed, which demonstrated no significant difference between groups (p<0.05). Conclusions The high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite with 0.5% niobium oxyhydroxide fillers showed promising outcomes as reinforcement agents and performed well for bioactive potential, although less predictable than the commercial resin composite with Giomer technology.
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Este artículo pretende alertar acerca de la relevancia de las nanociencias y la nanotecnología acompañada por la nanometrología para el desarrollo de las naciones en el siglo XXI. Se utilizó SciElo como base de datos, con las palabras clave: nanotecnología, nanomedicina, unidades de salud cubanas. El artículo realiza una aproximación a la nanotecnología con enfoque internacional y regional. Describe algunas aplicaciones de las nanotecnologías, con énfasis en la nanomedicina, así como los dilemas y consideraciones éticas asociadas a estas. Advierte acerca de la nocividad para la salud del hombre de algunos de estos desarrollos. Defiende la idea de que la nanometrología, resulta imprescindible para el logro de desarrollos tecnológicos, con mayor relevancia en el campo de la nanomedicina, así como que la nanotecnología debe ser tratada como la ciencia del siglo XXI por el impacto social, cultural y económico que tendrá, y con esto puede cambiar al mundo.
This article aims to alert about the relevance of nanosciences and nanotechnology accompanied by nanometrology for the nations development in the 21st century. Scielo was used as a database, with the keywords: nanotechnology, nanomedicine, Cuban health units. The article makes an approach to nanotechnology with an international and regional approach. It describes some applications of nanotechnologies, with an emphasis on nanomedicine, as well as the dilemmas and ethical considerations associated with them. It advises about these developments' harmfulness to human health, also defends the idea that nanometrology is essential for the technological developments achievement, with greater relevance in the nanomedicine field, as well as that nanotechnology should be treated as the 21st century science due to the social, cultural and economic impact that will have, and this can change the world.
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The field of nanotechnology is quickly developing and emerging since it has enormous potential for various human uses. With their unique, size-based physical and chemical attributes, nonmaterials generated and engineered through nanotechnology have many applications in biomedicine and agriculture. Theranostics is a branch of nanomedicine that uses small, highly surface-area nanoparticles to diagnose and treat diseases. Nanomaterials have a wide range of uses in agriculture, from fertilizers that improve soil nutrient uptake by plants to nano pesticides that control a variety of pests, including fungi, phytophagous insects, and weeds, increasing food output. Agriculture and food security are intimately connected, and many researchers are interested. Agriculture production depends on many difficulties due to the severe effects of climate change, water problems and changing the distribution of insect pests. Meanwhile, it faces tremendous challenges in maintaining food security for a massive population amid declining resources. Research is actively exploring the use of nonmaterial in agriculture due to their tremendous promise. Despite their good qualities, nonmaterial present risks to the environment and human health, necessitating risk assessment studies. Green nonmaterial synthesis may lessen the usage of toxic agrochemicals that pollute the environment and enter biological systems, providing an environmentally safe, environmentally friendly, and economically advantageous option. In this critical evaluation, nanoparticles are used in agriculture.
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Abstract To assess the in vitro and in situ effect of experimental combined fluoride and calcium nanocomposite solutions on dental caries prevention. Nanocompound mesoporous silica (MS) with calcium (Ca) and sodium fluoride (NaF) - (MSCaNaF); MS with NaF (MSNaF), NaF solution (positive control), and deionized water (negative control - CG) were studied. The specimens (n=130) were submitted in vitro to a multispecies biofilm in the presence of 2% sucrose. After 24 h and 48 h, the culture medium pH, the percent of surface mineral loss (%SML), and lesion depth (ΔZ) were analyzed. In the in situ study, 10 volunteers participated in four phases of 7-days each. The products were applied on the specimens (n=240) before 20% sucrose solution drips. The polysaccharides (SEPS and IEPS), %SML and roughness (Sa) were evaluated. There was an in vitro decrease in pH values in 24h and 48h, compared to baseline. The MSCaNaF and MSNaF groups obtained lower values of %SML and ΔZ (p < 0.05) than CG and NaF after 24h and were similar to NaF after 48h (p<0.05). In situ results showed similar SEPS and IEPS among all groups after 48h. An after 7-days, the nanocomposites had similar values (p>0.05), while NaF was similar to CG (p>0.05). After 48h, the MSCaNaF and MSNaF reduced the %SML (p<0.05). After 7-days, both experimental nanocomposites were similar to NaF (p>0.05). Regarding Sa, MSCaNaF was better than NaF for both periods (p<0.05). The nanocomposites controlled the in vitro and in situ enamel demineralization, mainly in the initial periods.
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Despite the availability of drugs and pharmaceutical forms for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis symptoms, their adverse effects and lack of response to therapy reinforces the need to search for new technological formulation strategies capable of delaying the progress of the disease, with better therapeutic results and prolonged control of arthropathy. The aim of this bibliographic review was to identify new reported therapeutic approaches for these diseases. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis is an unresolved challenge, due to the complexity of these diseases. Thus, the new therapies aim to suppress inflammatory mediators and to reduce the degradation of the extracellular matrix. In addition, the use of nano and microtechnology takes advantage of the properties of polymers, lipids, peptides, and nucleic acids to develop controlled drug release systems, aiming to obtain highly effective precision therapies, whose usefulness should be evaluated in future clinical trials.
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Humans , Osteoarthritis/drug therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the urinary system.Currently,the clinical treatment options for bladder cancer mainly include surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immunotherapy,targeted therapy,photodynamic therapy,combination therapy,etc.The conventional treatment and administration strategies for bladder cancer primarily depend on the tumor stage and the extent of metastasis.However,in the process of non-surgical treatment,drugs lack specificity and targeting.Once the dosage is improperly controlled,drugs will damage normal cells when attacking cancer cells,which will lead to poor efficacy and multiple side effects.Nanomedicine is an emerging interdisciplinary field that utilizes nanomaterials and technologies in nanomedicine to provide disruptive technologies for traditional treatments,with advantages such as targeted delivery and high efficiency with low toxicity.Many nanotechnologies have become hot topics in clinical research in the field of medicine.Functionalized nanoparticles can actively or passively target specific cells within target organs,such as bladder cancer cells,by altering their surface properties,thereby enhancing drug delivery precision,reducing damage to normal cells,and improving treatment efficacy.This article provides an overview of the progress in classical and novel treatment approaches to bladder cancer,with a particular focus on the potential applications and future development directions of nanotechnology in the treatment of bladder cancer,providing important reference for personalized therapy and clinical translation in bladder cancer.
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Colorectal cancer(CRC)is among the leading causes of cancer mortality.The lifetime risk of developing CRC is about 5％in adult males and females.CRC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage,and at this point therapy has a limited impact on cure rates and long-term survival.Novel and/or improved CRC therapeutic options are needed.The involvement of microRNAs(miRNAs)in cancer development has been reported,and their regulation in many oncogenic pathways suggests their potent tumor suppressor action.Although miRNAs provide a promising therapeutic approach for cancer,challenges such as biodegradation,specificity,stability and toxicity,impede their progression into clinical trials.Nano-technology strategies offer diverse advantages for the use of miRNAs for CRC-targeted delivery and therapy.The merits of using nanocarriers for targeted delivery of miRNA-formulations are presented herein to highlight the role they can play in miRNA-based CRC therapy by targeting different stages of the disease.
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Objective To investigate the hotspots and trends in research related to nanotechnology applications in sepsis from 1996 to 2023.Methods Sepsis-related nanotechnology literature was sourced from the Web of Science core databases,with key metrics like publication count,citations,and various collaborations(author,institutional,national)analyzed.The data,including co-occurring keywords,were visualized using the CiteSpace tool.Results From 1996 to 2023,a total of 1 271 publications on nanotechnology in sepsis were retrieved,demonstrating a significant increase in both studies and citations,with the annual publication rate growing from 1 in 1996 to 205 in 2022,averaging an 23.7％ growth rate.From 1996 to 2006,the number of articles issued showed a slow upward trend,and the overall trend tends to be stable.From 2006 to 2023,a rapid growth in publications peaked in 2022 with 205 articles.The Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)leads the list of institutions with the highest number of publications,with a total of 32 papers.While the most prolific author was Amin with 14 publications.China was the most productive country with 430 publications(33.8％)and 7 539 citations,followed by the United States with 276 publications and 9 859 citations.India,South Korea and Germany followed.The research hotspots,indicated by keyword clusters like "composites""activation""capture""infection""drug delivery""sensor" and "biomarkers".The research hotspots are mainly in the diagnostic and therapeutic areas.Conclusions Nanotechnology holds great promise in facilitating sepsis treatment,and research hotspots nanomaterials are shifting from traditional antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of nanomaterials to the development of multifunctional nanocomplexes targeting diverse pathological mechanisms in sepsis.This transition underlines the expanding role of nanomaterials in this field.Despite their growing influence,current research is predominantly led by independent scholars,lacking extensive national and inter-institutional collaborations,which limits its impact.It is recommended to strengthen the cooperation and communication between domestic and foreign researchers to promote the scientific and standardized development of nanotechnology application in sepsis.
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Nanotechnology has extensive application as nanomedicine in the medical field.Some nanoparticles have pos-sible applications in novel diagnostic instruments,imagery and methodologies,targeted medicinal products,pharmaceutical products,biomedical implants,and tissue engineering.Today treatments of high toxicity can be administered with improved safety using nanotechnology,such as chemotherapeutic cancer drugs.Further,wear-able gadgets can detect crucial changes in vital signs,cancer cell conditions,and infections that are genuinely happening in the body.We anticipate these technologies to provide doctors with considerably much better direct access to critical data on the reasons for changes in the signs of life or illness because of the technological presence at the source of the problem.Biomedicine can be utilised for therapies with predictive analytics and artificial intelligence.For carrying out this study,relevant papers on Nanotechnology in the medical field from Scopus,Google scholar,ResearchGate,and other research platforms are identified and studied.The study discusses dif-ferent types of Nanoparticles used in the medical field.This paper discusses nanotechnology applications in the medical field.The class,features,and characteristics of Nanotechnology for medicine are also briefed.Scientists,governments,civil society organisations,and the general public will need to collaborate across sectors to assess the significance of nanotechnology and guide its advancement in various fields.The current research includes sev-eral possible Nanotechnology uses in the medical field.As a result,the study provides a brief and well-organised report on nanotechnology that should be valuable to researchers,engineers,and scientists for future research projects.
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Aims@#Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is a member of the family Rosaceae and one of the most important vegetable crops in Egypt for local fresh consumption and exportation. Suspected symptoms of Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) on naturally infected strawberry plants were observed in Al Qaluobia Governorate. The main goal of this study was to develop a novel eco-friendly biogenic silver nanoparticle using clove (Syzygium aromaticum) (SzAgNPs) aqueous extract to control viral infection.@*Methodology and results@#Mechanically inoculated sixteen plant species representing seven families, Apocynaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Moraceae, Rosaceae and Solanaceae, were used as hosts for SMYEV. Systemic mosaic, chlorotic local lesions, vein clearing, marginal chlorosis, marginal necrosis, yellowing and vein banding were observed 7 to 20 days post-inoculation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of diseased tissues revealed severe degeneration of the chloroplasts and nucleus structures and the formation of cell wall protrusions. Sz-AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Foliar application of Sz-AgNPs (200 µg/mL) 24 h post and/or concurrently with SMYEV inoculation dropped the infection rate by 90% and 55%, respectively, whereas it was only reduced by 35% when applied 24 h prior to viral inoculation compared to control groups. DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR verified SMYEV inhibition (75-90%) in all plants treated with 200, 150 and 100 µg/mL Sz-AgNPs 24 h post-viral inoculation. Complete viral eradication was attained by applying Sz-AgNPs at a concentration of 200 μg/mL 24 h post-virus inoculation. Moreover, the total phenols, indoles, Vitamin C, total flavonoids and citric acid contents were not significantly affected by Sz-AgNPs treatment compared to healthy control groups.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#In conclusion, Sz-AgNPs suppressed SMYEV by 75-90% when applied 24 h post-virus inoculation. Eco-friendly Sz-AgNPs could be used for controlling viral infections and avoiding the rejection of exportable strawberries due to the use of harmful pesticides.
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In situ and real-time monitoring of responsive drug release is critical for the assessment of pharmacodynamics in chemotherapy. In this study, a novel pH-responsive nanosystem is proposed for real-time monitoring of drug release and chemo-phototherapy by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The Fe3O4@Au@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) deposited graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites with a high SERS activity and stability are synthesized and labeled with a Raman reporter 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) to form SERS probes (GO-Fe3O4@Au@Ag-MPBA). Furthermore, doxorubicin (DOX) is attached to SERS probes through a pH-responsive linker boronic ester (GO-Fe3O4@Au@Ag-MPBA-DOX), accompanying the 4-MPBA signal change in SERS. After the entry into tumor, the breakage of boronic ester in the acidic environment gives rise to the release of DOX and the recovery of 4-MPBA SERS signal. Thus, the DOX dynamic release can be monitored by the real-time changes of 4-MPBA SERS spectra. Additionally, the strong T2 magnetic resonance (MR) signal and NIR photothermal transduction efficiency of the nanocomposites make it available for MR imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). Altogether, this GO-Fe3O4@Au@Ag-MPBA-DOX can simultaneously fulfill the synergistic combination of cancer cell targeting, pH-sensitive drug release, SERS-traceable detection and MR imaging, endowing it great potential for SERS/MR imaging-guided efficient chemo-phototherapy on cancer treatment.
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RNAs are involved in the crucial processes of disease progression and have emerged as powerful therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. However, efficient delivery of therapeutic RNA to the targeted location and precise detection of RNA markers remains challenging. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to applying nucleic acid nanoassemblies in diagnosing and treating. Due to the flexibility and deformability of nucleic acids, the nanoassemblies could be fabricated with different shapes and structures. With hybridization, nucleic acid nanoassemblies, including DNA and RNA nanostructures, can be applied to enhance RNA therapeutics and diagnosis. This review briefly introduces the construction and properties of different nucleic acid nanoassemblies and their applications for RNA therapy and diagnosis and makes further prospects for their development.