Factores de riesgo psicosocial intralaborales y estrés en empleados de una compañía constructora de Colombia / Intra-labor psychosocial risk factors and stress in employees of a construction company Colombian

Los riesgos psicosociales intralaborales asociados al estrés interfieren de manera negativa en el bienestar de los trabajadores de las empresas. En el sector de la construcción, los riesgos de mayor atención están enfocados a cuidar la salud física, por tal motivo el ministerio de protección social de Colombia valido la batería de riesgo Psicosocial. Objetivo: Identificar los riesgos psicosociales asociados a los altos niveles de estrés en los empleados de una constructora de la Ciudad de Bucaramanga Santander, con el fin establecer medidas preventivas. Materiales y Métodos: La población objeto de estudio fueron los 101 empleados con que contaba la compañía constructora de Colombia, de los cuales se aplicó el instrumento a 98 de ellos. Estudio de tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo de corte transversal. Se aplicó la Batería de instrumentos para la evaluación de factores de riesgo psicosocial intralaboral validada. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo psicosocial intralaborales fueron el estrés en un nivel muy alto en un 40.8% y este tuvo una relación con las recompensas derivadas de la organización que presentaron un valor (P<0.01), seguido de las demandas del ambiente con un valor (P<0.02 y las exigencias de responsabilidad en el cargo con un valor (P<0.05). Conclusiones: Las dinámicas laborales del personal operativo generaron niveles de estrés muy altos. Los resultados de esta investigación evidenciaron que los síntomas asociados al estrés pueden afectar la salud física y mental de los colaboradores(AU)

Intra-labor Intra-labor psychosocial risks associated with stress interfere negatively with the company workers well-being. In the construction sector, the risks of greater attention are focused on taking care of physical health, for this reason the Ministry of Social Protection of Colombia validated the Psychosocial risk battery. Objective: To identify the psychosocial risks associated with high levels of stress in the employees of a construction company in the City of Bucaramanga Santander, in order to establish preventive measures. Materials and Methods: The population under study were the 101 employees of the Colombian construction company, of whom the instrument was applied to 98 of them. Descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study. The validated battery of instruments for the evaluation of intralabor psychosocial risk factors was applied. Results: The intra-labor psychosocial risk factors were: stress at a very high level in 40.8% and this had a relationship with the rewards derived from the organization that presented a value (P <0.01), followed by the demands of the environment with a value (P<0.02) and the demands of responsibility in the position with a value (P<0.05). Conclusions: The labor dynamics of the operative personnel generated very high levels of stress. The results of this investigation showed that the symptoms associated with stress can affect the physical and mental health of employees(AU)

Acidentes ocupacionais entre cirurgiões-dentistas: exposição a material biológico / Occupational accidents among dental surgeons: exposure to biological material / Accidentes ocupacionales entre cirujanos dentistas: exposiciones a materiales biológicos

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar o perfil dos acidentes ocupacionais entre cirurgiões-dentistas, envolvendo material biológico, em Fortaleza, CE. Métodos O estudo tem caráter transversal de natureza descritiva e analítica, realizado em Fortaleza, CE, em 2020, a partir de uma amostra de 206 cirurgiões-dentistas. Além das frequências absolutas e percentuais, utilizaram-se testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e/ou Razão de verossimilhança, ao nível de significância de 5%. Encontraram-se 120 (58.3%) profissionais que sofreram acidentes e destes 107 (89%) através de lesão percutânea. Resultados Dos cirurgiões-dentistas que sofreram acidentes, envolvendo material biológico, identificou-se associação significativa entre ocorrência de acidentes com cirurgiões-dentistas que possuíam uma especialidade (p<0,001) e entre faixa etária e sexo (p=0,008). A maioria relatou ter sido imunizada contra hepatite B 193 (98%) e buscou testes de confirmação sorológica 101 (52%). A procura por atenção especializada após um acidente foi baixa 45 (38%). Conclusão Cirurgiões-dentistas no exercício do atendimento clínico estão passíveis de sofrerem acidentes. Medidas preventivas são importantes, como a utilização correta de equipamentos de proteção individual.

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to determine the profile of occupational accidents among dental surgeons involving biological material, in the city of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of descriptive and analytical nature, conducted in the city of Fortaleza, CE, in 2020, from a sample of 206 dental surgeons. Pearson's Chi-square and/or Likelihood Ratio tests at a 5% of significance level were used as well as absolute and percentage frequencies. Results A total of 120 (58.3%) professionals underwent accidents and 107 (89%) of these suffered from percutaneous injury. Considering dental surgeons who had accidents involving biological material, a significant association was identified between the occurrence of accidents with specialized professionals (p<0.001) and between age group and sex (p=0.008). The majority reported having been immunized against hepatitis B 193 (98%), and 101 (52%) of them sought serological confirmation tests. The demand for specialized care after an accident was low with a total of 45 (38%). Conclusion Dental surgeons in their exercise of clinical care are susceptible to under-going accidents. Preventive measures are important, such as the correct use of personal protective equipment.

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar el perfil de los accidentes de trabajo que afectan a cirujanos dentistas al utilizar material biológico. Métodos El estudio ha tenido un carácter transversal de tipo descriptivo y analítico. Se hizo en Fortaleza, CE, el 2020, con una muestra de 206 cirujanos dentistas. Más allá de las frecuencias absolutas y porcentuales, se hicieron pruebas de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson y Razón de verosimilitud, al nivel de significación del 5%. Se encontraron 120 (el 58,3%) profesionales que sufrieron accidentes y, de estos, 107 (el 89%) con lesión percutánea. Entre los cirujanos que se han accidentado con material biológico se ha identificado una asociación significativa entre la ocurrencia de accidentes con cirujanos dentistas expertos (p>0,001) y entre la edad y sexo (p=0,008). Resultados La mayoría, 193 (el 98%), ha informado haber recibido inmunización contra hepatitis B y 101 (el 52%) se ha buscado confirmar por serología. La búsqueda por atención médica especializada después de un accidente ha sido baja 45 (el 38%). Conclusión Los cirujanos dentistas en servicio clínico son susceptibles de sufrir accidentes. Medidas de prevención como la utilización correcta del equipo de protección individual son importantes.

Investigation and analysis of occupational hazards in construction of power transmission and transformation project / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the occupational hazard factors and exposure levels of workers during the construction of power transmission and transformation projects. Methods: Analysis and identification of occupational hazard factors were carried out for typical construction process of 6 power transmission projects and 3 substation projects in September 2018. The on-site occupational health investigation was carried out to detect and analyze the exposure levels of workers to occupational hazard factors. Results: The time weighted average concentration (C(TWA)) of crushing workers exposed to silica dust and welders exposed to welding fume in substation projects were 2.72 and 14.03 mg/m(3), respectively. The 8 h equivalent sound level results of exposure noise of carpenters in power transmission projects and crushing workers, reinforcement workers, carpenters, scaffolders, road builders in substation projects were 87.9, 92.5, 87.1, 92.5, 93.0 and 90.2 dB (A) , respectively. The 4-hour time equal energy frequency weighted vibration acceleration of hand-transmitted vibration of bricklayer in power transmission projects, bricklayer, general worker 3, road builder 1 and road builder 2 of substation projects were 5.36, 5.21, 5.28, 10.71 and 5.22 m/s(2), respectively. The effective irradiance of electric welding arc light of welders' limbs in power transmission projects and substation projects were 401.19, 319.68 μW/cm(2), respectively. All of the above exceeded the requirements of occupational exposure limits. The occupational radiation levels and exposure limits of hazardous chemical factors met the requirements of each post. Conclusion: During the construction of power transmission and transformation projects, the exposure levels of occupational hazard factors in multiple posts exceed the standard. The main responsibility of employers for occupational disease prevention and control should be implemented, and targeted comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the exposure levels of occupational hazard factors of workers.

Comparative analysis on occupational hazards of three welding operations / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the occupational hazards caused by three kinds of welding operations, and to provide data support for individual protection. Methods: In October 2020, the welding fumes, metal elements and welding arc generated by three welding operations of argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , manual welding (ZS60A welding rod) and carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux cored wire) were collected and measured in the welding laboratory. The samples were analyze and compare in the laboratory, and the differences of the occupational hazard factors of the three welding operations were judged. Results: The concentration of welding fume produced by carbon dioxide shielded welding, manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , and argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wires) were 6.80 mg/m(3), 6.17 mg/m(3), and 3.13 mg/m(3), respectively. The effective irradiance of the welding arc outside the welding mask from high to low is manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux-cored welding wire) , and argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , respectively 1 010.7, 740.9, 589.5 μW/cm(2). The long-wave ultraviolet UVA intensity generated by argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) is the largest, which is 1 500 μW/cm(2). The content of Mn in the three welding operations is the highest, and JS80 welding wire has the highest Mn content of 128493.2 mg/kg. 907A flux cored wire has the highest Ti content, which is 24355.5mg/kg. The electrode ZS60A has the highest Cu content, which is 24422.12 mg/kg. Conclusion: The intensity of occupational hazards is different in the three kinds of welding operations, so the methods of personal protective equipment, field exposure assessment and health monitoring should be more targeted.

Grado de riesgo biológico al manipular toxina botulínica como medicamento / Degree of Biohazard When Handling Botulinum Toxin as A Medication

Introducción: El uso de la toxina como medicamento constituye un riesgo biológico, debido a la presencia de la toxina, así como al uso indebido que se le puede dar. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de riesgo biológico al manipular toxina botulínica como medicamento. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, La Habana, Cuba, en 2017. Se aplicó una lista de chequeo de riesgo biológico a 6 profesionales del área de tratamiento de toxina botulínica. El resultado integrado de la lista de chequeo se analizó a través del método semicuantitativo "ERBIO". Resultados: La probabilidad se catalogó de "media", el cumplimiento de medidas de contención como "aceptable" y la exposición se consideró como "muy frecuente". Conclusiones: Se constató un grado de riesgo biológico "tolerable" al manipular la toxina botulínica como medicamento en el Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica. Esto implica que se deben considerar mejoras que no supongan una carga económica importante, que requerirán de comprobaciones periódicas para asegurar el mantenimiento de la eficacia de las medidas de control establecidas(AU)

Introduction: The use of the toxin as a medication constitutes a biological risk, due to the presence of the toxin, as well as the potential improper use. Objective: To evaluate the degree of biological risk when Handling botulinum toxin as a medication. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the International Center for Neurological Restoration, Havana, Cuba, in 2017. A biological risk checklist was applied to six professionals from the botulinum toxin treatment area. The integrated result of the checklist was analyzed through ERBIO semi-quantitative method. Results: The probability was classified as medium. Compliance with containment measures was assessed as acceptable and the exposure was considered as very frequent. Conclusions: A tolerable degree of biological risk was found when manipulating botulinum toxin as a medication at the International Center for Neurological Restoration. This implies that improvements should be considered not to imply a significant economic burden, which will require periodic checks to ensure the maintenance of the effectiveness of the established control measures(AU)

Riesgos del personal que labora en atención prehospitalaria: Reto para los servicios de emergencia / Risks of the staff working in Pre-Hospital care: A challenge for the emergency services

RESUMEN La atención prehospitalaria o la respuesta a una emergencia en el escenario prehospitalario, definido en un contexto internacional, comprende todas las intervenciones médicas y de transporte realizadas a pacientes que presentan eventos médicos o traumáticos en diferentes escenarios fuera del ámbito hospitalario. Quienes realizan la labor prehospitalaria deben enfrentarse a situaciones y escenarios variados, complejos y no controlados; todas estas situaciones implican estar expuestos a una variabilidad de riesgos que pueden ser prevenibles si se toman las medidas necesarias para mitigarlos. Los riesgos biológicos, biomecánicos, psicosociales, físicos, asociados a la violencia física y verbal, entre otros, exponen a este personal al desarrollo de accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades laborales en muchas ocasiones de magnitudes severas y con graves consecuencias. Caracterizar la labor prehospitalaria plantea muchos desafíos, la atención del paciente varía con cada llamada, y esta, a su vez, presenta retos únicos dependiendo del estado clínico, la necesidad de cada paciente y el escenario donde se está presentando el evento. Conocer con más detalle los riesgos laborales de esta profesión que diariamente se expone a situaciones diversas y diseñar estrategias para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de los trabajadores de esta área, se traduce en una atención médica de emergencia más efectiva y eficiente, contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad y a fortalecer los sistemas de salud en el ámbito prehospitalario.

ABSTRACT In an international context, the Prehospital care or response to an emergency in the prehospital setting includes all medical and transport interventions performed on patients who have suffered medical or traumatic events in different scenarios outside the hospital setting. Those who perform prehospital work must face varied, complex, and uncontrolled situations and scenarios which involve the exposure to variability of risks that may be prevented if mitigation measures are taken in advance. The biological, biomechanical, psychosocial, and physical risks associated with physical and verbal violence, among others, expose these personnel to severe work accidents and occupational diseases, which represent serious consequences. Characterizing the prehospital work poses many challenges. Patient care, for example, varies with each call, and this in turn presents unique challenges depending on the clinical status, the need of each patient, and the setting where the event is taking place. Knowing in more detail the occupational risks of the staff working in prehospital care who, in fact, expose themselves to diverse situations, and designing strategies to improve their health and well-being, translates into more effective and efficient emergency medical care which contributes to improve quality and strengthen health systems in the prehospital setting.

Investigation on the current status of silica dust hazard in workplaces in Jiangxi Province / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current status of silica dust hazard in workplaces of Jiangxi Province. METHODS: The level of silica dust in the air of workplaces, occupational health examination of the dust-exposed workers and diagnosis of occupational disease in 1 557 enterprises in Jiangxi Province were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS: The 1 557 enterprises were included in eight industries, and the main types of enterprises were non-coal mining, ceramic products manufacturing and stone processing industry(a total of 85.16%). There were 4 029 jobs/positions that were involved in exposure to silica dust in these workplaces. Among them, the exposure concentration of time weighted average(C_(TWA)) of total dust and respirable dust exceeded 21.52% and 20.55%, respectively. The posts where the total dust and respirable dust that exceed the standard were found in the quartz sand processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting industry and stone processing industry, that were the top three among the eight industries(all P<0.01). Among the 828 posts with C_(TWA) of respiratory dust exceeding the standard, the C_(TWA) exceeding rate of mild-, moderate-and high-hazardous jobs were 3.87%(156/4 029), 1.66%(67/4 029) and 15.02%(605/4 029), respectively. Among 23 643 dust-exposed workers, the detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected silicosis were 2.06% and 1.51%, and the prevalence of silicosis was 1.21%. CONCLUSION: Silica dust hazard in workplaces of quartz sand processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting industry and stone processing industry are serious in Jiangxi Province. The supervision and management of occupational health should be further strengthened to guarantee the occupational health of workers.

Occupational health risk assessment in a resin anchorage production workshop / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To compare the applicability of three risk assessment methods on occupational health risk assessment of chemical harmful factors in a resin anchorage production workshop. METHODS: A resin anchoring agent production workshop was selected as the research subject using the judgment sampling method. Contact ratio assessment method and comprehensive index method(both are semi-quantitative evaluation method) and qualitative risk assessment method were applied to estimate the occupational health risks of jobs involved with styrene, dibutyl phthalate and phthalic anhydride. The assessment was carried out, and the obtained risk level was standardized as the risk ratio. The evaluation results of these three methods were compared. RESULTS: The assessment results of exposure ratio method were 1-3, and those of comprehensive index method were 2-3. The risk ratio of the above methods after standardization is consistent with that before standardization. The result of qualitative risk assessment was 2-3, and the risk ratio after standardization was 3-4. The risk ratio after standardization was 1 level higher than that before standardization. Kappa analysis results showed that the result of contact ratio method and the comprehensive index method was in good agreement(Kappa=0.53, P<0.05). The qualitative risk assessment method was inconsistent with the contact ratio method and the comprehensive index method(Kappa values were 0.19 and 0.40, both P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Comprehensive index method is the preferred method for occupational health risk assessment of anchorage agent production workshop under the condition that detection results of occupational hazards can be obtained. Qualitative risk assessment method can be used when the test results cannot be obtained.

Identification of occupational hazards and analysis of prevention and control measures in a cigarette factory / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To identify occupational hazard factors and determine the critical control points in a cigarette factory, to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of prevention and control measures, and to put forward suggestions. Methods The occupational health survey combined with field detection was used to identify and analyze the occupational hazards in the workplace of a cigarette factory in Shandong Province. Results The occupational hazard factors in the cigarette factory were tobacco dust，other dusts，phosphine，methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, high temperature, power frequency electric field and noise. Except noise, other occupational hazard factors were within occupational exposure limits. The detection results of noise were 76.7~88.9 dB(A)，and the over standard rate was 24%. Conclusion The protective facilities and measures to control the level of dust and chemical poisons in the cigarette factory are feasible and effective. As the key control points of noise, it is necessary to further improve and optimize the anti-noise facilities and measures according to the key control points of occupational hazard factors to strengthen personal protection and prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.

Investigation and analysis of occupational hazards in dust related enterprises in Tianjin / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the occupational hazards of dust related enterprises in Tianjin, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating regulatory policies and effectively curbing the high incidence of pneumoconiosis. Methods The basic situation of the enterprise, the occupational health management status, and the occupational health status of the workers were described and analyzed. Results Most of the enterprises exposed to dust in Tianjin were small and micro enterprises, manufacturing enterprises and private enterprises. The reporting rate of occupational hazard items was uneven (P < 0.01). As the scale of the enterprise decreased, the comprehensive training rate of occupational health, the training rate of enterprise leaders, the training rate of occupational health management personnel, the comprehensive implementation rate of occupational hazard detection and the detection rate decreased accordingly (P < 0.01). Conclusion Tianjin should focus on the supervision of small and micro enterprises, strengthen the occupational health training of small and micro enterprises, and implement hierarchical and effective supervision for enterprises of different sizes in different regions. Meanwhile, enterprises should bear the main responsibility of occupational health, so as to ensure the continuity of occupational health management measures such as occupational hazard detection and occupational health inspection.

Gestión de la atención de salud bucal en tiempos de la COVID-19 / Management of oral health care in the time of COVID-19

Tema a presentar: En tiempos de COVID-19, debido al riesgo de transmisión derivado de varios procederes estomatológicos, se requiere reforzar la protección de los pacientes y de los trabajadores. Por tanto, se hace necesario actualizar a la comunidad científica y a los decisores de políticas en salud pública sobre aspectos esenciales para el perfeccionamiento de la gestión de la atención de salud bucal durante la pandemia. Comentarios principales: Con un enfoque actualizado según las experiencias internacionales, se trató el tema de la evaluación del riesgo laboral en estomatología y la gestión de la atención estomatológica durante la presente pandemia de COVID-19. Consideraciones globales: La profesión estomatológica tiene ante sí la responsabilidad de evitar la transmisión nosocomial de infecciones en los centros laborales, en las áreas de desempeño y que el personal en ejercicio de las acciones de salud esté protegido y no se convierta en trasmisor que ponga en riesgo a sus compañeros de trabajo, a la población que atiende, a su familia y a la población en general. El desempeño de los especialistas debe responder en todo momento a la ética médica y velar por ofrecer alternativas a las necesidades de salud bucal de la población en todas las situaciones de la vida social. La efectividad del accionar dependerá del perfeccionamiento de la gestión de la atención de salud bucal en tiempos de la COVID-19(AU)

Topic to be presented: In the time of COVID-19, and due to the risk of transmission derived from various dental procedures, it is necessary to enhance the protection of patients and workers. The scientific community and public health policy makers should therefore be updated on essential contents related to the improved management of oral health care during the pandemic. Main remarks: The topic of occupational risk assessment and dental care management during the current COVID-19 pandemic was addressed with an updated approach in keeping with international experiences. General considerations: The dental care profession has the responsibility of preventing nosocomial transmission of infections at work places and performance areas, as well as ensuring the protection of those involved in health actions, so that they do not become infected and transmit the disease to their colleagues, their patients, their family and the population at large. Specialists should always comply with medical ethics and offer alternatives to the oral health care needs of the population in all social life situations. The effectiveness of such actions will depend on improving the management of oral health care in the time of COVID-19(AU)

Adaptación y validación en español del cuestionario MAPETO-br para evaluar la postura de trabajo en estudiantes de Odontología / Adaptation and validation in Spanish of the MAPETO-br questionnaire to evaluate work posture in dental students

Introducción: La odontología es una de las carreras de mayor exigencia en el eje músculo-esqueletal del cuello y tronco superior, por lo que las posturas inadecuadas aprendidas durante el periodo de pregrado pueden considerarse como factores de riesgo. Objetivo: Adaptar y validar el cuestionario MAPETO-br de Danielle Wajngarten para estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos: Se preparó en español una versión previa del cuestionario MAPETO-br a partir de dos traducciones independientes de la versión original en portugués. Con el documento se realizó un pretest a dos profesionales de la salud expertos en ergonomía. Luego se aplicó una prueba piloto a 112 estudiantes de cuarto y quinto año de Odontología. Se realizó la recolección de datos mediante fotografía de la postura de los alumnos durante la atención dental y a través de la encuesta. Se midió la consistencia interna y se efectuó el análisis factorial exploratorio a través de examen de componentes principales. Resultados: La versión final quedó compuesta por 12 de los 14 ítems del cuestionario MAPETO-br después de la validación de contenido y adaptación al medio cultural chileno. La consistencia interna para los 12 ítems tuvo un valor de alfa de Cronbach 0,796. Presenta, además, alta estabilidad en el tiempo. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran medidas válidas y confiables para el Cuestionario MAPETO-cl para evaluación de postura, siendo un método rápido durante la realización de trabajo clínico sentado, ayudando a la identificación de presencia o ausencia de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos(AU)

Introduction: Dentistry is one of the professions that demands most from the musculoskeletal axis of the neck and upper trunk. Therefore, the inadequate postures learned during undergraduate training may be viewed as risk factors. Objective: Adapt and validate Danielle Wajngarten's MAPETO-br questionnaire for dental students. Methods: A previous version of the MAPETO-br questionnaire was prepared in Spanish based on two separate translations of the original Portuguese version. The document was used to apply a pretest to two health professionals expert in ergonomics. A pilot test was then given to 112 fourth- and fifth-year dental students. Data were collected photographing the students' posture during dental care and via the survey. Internal consistency was measured and exploratory factor analysis was performed by principal component examination. Results: The final version was composed of 12 of the 14 items in the MAPETO-br questionnaire after validation of the content and adaptation to the Chilean cultural environment. Internal consistency for the 12 items had a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.796. It also exhibits high stability in time. Conclusions: Results show valid and reliable measurements in the MAPETO-cl Questionnaire for posture assessment, making it a fast method to be applied during work in sitting position, and helping identify the presence or absence of risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders(AU)

Estudio transversal de la cultura ambiental y la salud ocupacional de recicladores informales de Lima, Perú / A cross-sectional study on the environmental culture and occupational health of informal waste pickers in Lima, Peru

OBJETIVOS: Determinar el nivel de cultura ambiental de los recicladores del sector informal y el cumplimiento de los estándares de salud ocupacional de los recicladores informales. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS: conocer la relación entre el nivel de cultura ambiental y cumplimiento de los estándares de salud ocupacional: exposición a los agentes físicos, químicos, biológicos y ergonómicos en los recicladores informales en 2019. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, corte transversal y no experimental. Participó una muestra de 400 recicladores informales. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios: cultura ambiental y estándares de salud ocupacional. RESULTADOS: Existe relación entre positiva media y positiva débil entre la variable cultura ambiental y los diferentes agentes (físico, químico, biológico y ergonómico). Existe correlación significativa positiva media, entre la cultura ambiental y la salud ocupacional. Igualmente, existe correlación significativa positiva débil entre la cultura ambiental y los agentes (físico, químico, biológico y ergonómico), y correlación significativa positiva entre cultura ambiental y el agente responsabilidad social. CONCLUSIONES: Los recicladores informales no satisfacen sus necesidades básicas y derechos. El reciclaje informal se caracteriza por inseguridad en su salud ocupacional, por lo que es necesario crear entornos laborales formales y seguros, con prácticas de promoción y prevención sanitaria.

PURPOSE: To determine the level of environmental culture of the informal sector waste pickers and compliance with occupational health standards of informal waste pickers. SPECIFIC OBJETIVES: to explore the relationship between the level of environmental culture and compliance with occupational health standards: exposure to physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic agents in informal waste pickers in 2019. METHODS: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional, and non-experimental study. A sample of 400 informal waste pickers participated. Two questionnaires were applied: environmental culture and occupational health standards. RESULTS: There is a medium positive and weak positive relationship between the environmental culture variable and the different agents (physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic). There is a significant positive correlation between environmental culture and occupational health. Likewise, there is a weak positive significant correlation between environmental culture and agents (physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic), and a significant positive correlation between environmental culture and the social responsibility agent. CONCLUSIONS: Informal waste pickers do not have their basic needs and rights met. A lack of occupational health safety characterizes informal recycling, so it is necessary to create formal and safe work environments with health promotion and prevention practices.

Investigation on occupational hazards in a lubricant research and development laboratory, 2017-2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the occupational hazards and health status of laboratory staff in a lubricant research and development (R & D) laboratory, and to provide a basis for formulating occupational health protection measures for laboratory staff. Methods The types of occupational hazard factors in the laboratory were determined by field investigation of occupational health, and the concentrations or intensities of occupational hazard factors were obtained by on-site sampling and laboratory testing. The health status of laboratory staff was evaluated through occupational health examination. Results The main occupational hazards in the lubricant laboratory were benzene, toluene, xylene, pentane, hexane, heptane, ethylene glycol, methanol, isopropanol, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, aniline, oxolane, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and noise. The test results showed that the hazard levels of all kinds of chemical toxicants met the national standards from 2017 to 2019. The sample test results were lower than the detection limit, which were 94.00%, 96.89% and 97.41%, respectively, from 2017 to 2019. There were no significant differences (χ2=4.324, P=0.115). Results of noise detection showed that the noise levels did not exceed the standard from 2017 to 2019. A laboratory worker with high-frequency hearing impairment was found through the medical examination in 2019. The re-examination rates of occupational health examination in 2017-2019 were 3.26%, 1.12% and 1.18%, respectively, and there were no significant differences (χ2=1.618, P=0.445). Conclusion The occupational hazards that the laboratory staff of the lubricant research and development was exposed to were characterized by a wide variety of chemical poisons, with low concentrations and low exposure levels. However, the occupational health examination should not be ignored.

Características de profesores que consultan por queja vocal en IST Viña del Mar entre los años 2012 y 2017 / Characteristics of teachers who consult for vocal complaint at IST Viña del Mar between 2012 and 2017

Introducción: el docente es un profesional que presenta riesgo para el desarrollo de patologías vocales consideradas enfermedades laborales. En Viña del Mar, el Ins-tituto de seguridad del trabajo (IST) es un centro de referencia para las atenciones médicas de enfermedades laborales. El objetivo del estudio consiste en establecer la incidencia y prevalencia de profesores de Viña del Mar, Chile, que concurrieron al IST con quejas vocales entre 2012 y 2017. Metodología: se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo, retrospectivo, descriptivo, corre-lacional y de diseño no experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 186 profe-sores que presentaron quejas vocales relacionadas con su desempeño laboral. Resultados: 167 docentes mujeres y 19 docentes hombres consultaron por pro-blemas vocales; 64.5% docentes de la muestra realizan clases en educación básica. Ningún docente universitario accedió al IST con este tipo de queja. El diagnóstico más recurrente fue de disfonías orgánico-funcionales (75,8%), de las cuales 69,5% fueron dirigidas a terapia vocal en el IST. 14,1% de los docentes fueron diagnostica-dos con disfonía funcional (también fueron enviados a terapia); sin embargo, 9,4% de los casos, al no cumplir con las características de origen exclusivamente laboral, no recibieron terapia fonoaudiológica en el IST. Conclusión: el docente chileno en la V Región presenta un bajo nivel de consulta por patologías vocales. Los docentes de educación básica son los que más buscan te-rapia profesional para su voz y la mayor cantidad de afecciones se relacionan con un deficiente conocimiento de técnicas y/o hábitos vocales inadecuados. Es necesaria una inversión mayor en promoción y prevención vocal para este grupo profesional.

Introduction: being a teacher presents a risk for the development of vocal patho-logies, considered occupational diseases. In Viña del Mar, the Work Safety Institute (known by the acronym IST) is a reference center for medical care for occupational diseases. The objective of this study is to establish the incidence and prevalence of teachers from Viña del Mar, Chile, who attended the IST with vocal complaints be-tween 2012 and 2017. Methods: a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive, correlational and non-experi-mental design approach was adopted. The sample was made up of 186 teachers who presented vocal complaints related to their job performance. Results: 167 female and 19 male teachers consulted with vocal problems; 64.5% teachers of the sample worked in primary school while there were no reports of university professors who accessed the IST with vocal problems. The most recurrent diagnosis was organic-functional dysphonia (75.8%), of which 69.5% was referred to vocal therapy at the IST. 14.1% Of the teachers were diagnosed with functional dysphonia, (and were also sent to vocal therapy). However, 9.4% of the cases did not meet the characteristics of being exclusively work related, for this reason they did not receive vocal therapy at the IST.Conclusion: Chilean teachers from V Region have a low level of consultation for vocal pathologies. Primary school teachers are the ones who seek most professional therapy for their voice and the greatest number of conditions are related to poor knowledge about voice techniques and/or vocal habits. A greater investment in pro-motion and vocal prevention is necessary for this professional group

Interferência da situação gerencial dos serviços e setores de enfermagem na saúde dos trabalhadores / Interference of the situation management of nursing services and sectors in the health of workers

As condições de trabalho estão diretamente relacionadas com a saúde e a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores. Durante o desempenho de suas atividades, o trabalhador de enfermagem sofre exposição a riscos químicos, físicos, biológicos, ergonômicos e, ainda, os psicossociais. Estes últimos, inerentes à organização e à gestão do trabalho, por vezes, atingem a integridade psíquica e a qualidade de vida no trabalho em enfermagem. Neste contexto, tem-se como objeto de pesquisa a situação gerencial dos serviços e setores de enfermagem e sua relação com os riscos à saúde dos trabalhadores de enfermagem. Seus objetivos são: a) caracterizar a situação gerencial de enfermagem; b) identificar problemas de saúde dos trabalhadores de enfermagem destes serviços; e c) verificar se a situação gerencial de enfermagem interfere na saúde de seus trabalhadores. A metodologia utilizada foi quantitativa com análise descritiva. Os dados obtidos decorreram da aplicação de questionário autoexplicativo, visando identificar os eventos sociodemográficos, o perfil gerencial da instituição e os problemas de saúde referidos pelos trabalhadores de um Hospital Universitário do Município do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes eram Enfermeiros Chefes, Enfermeiros Líderes, Técnicos e Auxiliares de Enfermagem, e o critério de inclusão foi o de pertencerem ao quadro estatutário, utilizando uma amostra estratificada da população. Os resultados da pesquisa podem contribuir para outras investigações no âmbito da Enfermagem do Trabalho, Gerência de Enfermagem e qualidade de vida e saúde dos trabalhadores de enfermagem. Os resultados apontam que o perfil do profissional de enfermagem é composto, em sua maioria, pelo sexo feminino, acima dos 40 anos de idade, e os maiores índices de adoecimento referidos pela equipe de assistência foram os de cunho psicoemocional (estresse, depressão e ansiedade) e osteomusculares (cervicalgia e lombalgia). Foi evidenciado também que a gerência e a equipe de assistência divergem em relação aos dados em alguns itens, como em relação à investigação de problemas de saúde dos profissionais e disponibilidade para empreender as ações com a participação dos trabalhadores, uma vez que a gerência os classifica como "Satisfatório" e a equipe de assistência, como "Ruim". Diante do exposto, sugere-se que a referida instituição hospitalar crie um Protocolo de Controle da saúde dos trabalhadores, através de reuniões regulares com a participação de gerentes e subordinados, para definir programas de Promoção da Saúde dos Trabalhadores e formas de avaliação e controle dos processos.

Working conditions are directly related to workers' health and quality of life. During the performance of their activities, the nursing worker is exposed to chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial risks. The latter, inherent in work organization and management, sometimes reach psychic integrity and quality of life in nursing work. In this context, the object of the present research is the situation management of nursing services and sectors and their relationship with the health risks of nursing workers. Its objectives are a) to characterize the nursing management situation; b) to identify health problems of nursing workers of these services; and c) to verify if the nursing situation management interferes with the health of its workers. The method used was quantitative with descriptive analysis. Data were obtained by applying a self-explanatory questionnaire, aiming to identify the sociodemographic events, the managerial profile of the institution and the health problems reported by the workers of a University Hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The participants were Head Nurses, Lead Nurses, Nursing Technicians and Assistants, and the inclusion criteria was to belong to the statutory framework, using a stratified sample of the population. The research results may contribute to other investigations in the field of Occupational Nursing, Nursing Management and quality of life and health of nursing workers. The results indicate that the profile of the nursing professional is composed mostly of women over 40 years old, and the highest rates of illness reported by the care team were psycho-emotional (stress, depression and anxiety) and musculoskeletal (cervical and low back pain). It was also evidenced that the management and the assistance team differ regarding to the data in some items, such as in relation to the investigation of health problems of professionals and the willingness to undertake actions with the participation of workers, once management classifies them as "Satisfactory" and the care staff as "Bad". Given the above considerations, it is suggested that this hospital institution create a Worker's Health Control Protocol, through regular meetings with the participation of managers and subordinates, to define Worker's Health Promotion programs and ways of processes' evaluation and control.

A cross sectional study to determine the health profile of brick kiln workers

Background: Occupational hazards involving the respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, skin and eyes are very commonly seen in the workers involved in the brick kiln industry. This study was designed to assess health profile of the brick kiln workers and to discuss sociodemographic profile affecting their health.Methods: This was a cross sectional study. 420 workers falling into the eligibility criteria, were selected from the 65 brick kiln factories in the study area. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the brick kiln factories and the participants of the study. The responses given by the participants were entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi Square test was used to determine the association between the morbidities and sociodemographic variables.Results: Mean age of the workers was 35.34±10.96 years. 96.7% of the respondents were suffering from some or the other complaints, while 3.3% were not suffering from any complaints. Addiction was seen in 37.9% of the participants. Musculoskeletal complaints were the most common complaints followed by respiratory and skin complaints.Conclusions: Health of workers is affected due to conditions they work under. The older age group had more respiratory, dermatological and ophthalmic complaints. The group of workers employed as bigaaris as well as those who were working for more than 10 years had more respiratory and dermatological complaints.

Formaldehído: revisión bibliográfica sobre biomarcadores de efecto para la medición de la exposición ocupacional / Formaldehyde: A literature review on biomarkers of effect for measuring occupational exposure / Formaldeído: revisão da bibliografia sobre biomarcadores de efeito para medir a exposição ocupacional

Resumen A pesar de las grandes cantidades de formaldehído que se usa en la industria, la vigilancia de los efectos sobre la salud, derivados de la exposición ocupacional, sigue siendo un aspecto por mejorar en los programas de prevención de riesgos laborales. Objetivo: Identificar los diferentes biomarcadores de efecto que han sido propuestos para ser utilizados como indicadores indirectos de exposición a formaldehído y que se encuentran reportados en la literatura científica. Metodología: Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica desde el año 1990 hasta el primer trimestre del año 2018, usando los descriptores: "Formaldehído", "Biomarcador", "Exposición profesional". Se consultaron las bases de datos y se complementó la búsqueda inicial, mediante la consulta de la bibliografía citada por los autores de los artículos seleccionados. Se revisaron los resúmenes de los artículos y se seleccionaron aquellos que, luego de un análisis preliminar, se identificó contenían información relevante para la investigación. Resultados: Se encontraron 57 artículos relevantes para la revisión que contenían información sobre biomarcadores de efecto en poblaciones de trabajadores expuestos a formaldehído, algunos estudios en animales y células in vitro. Se resumieron los biomarcadores usados, listaron los estudios y describieron brevemente los hallazgos de cada uno. Conclusiones: La falta de conocimiento y entendimiento de los mecanismos toxicocinéticos y toxicodinámicos del formaldehído en los seres humanos limita la aplicación de un biomarcador de efecto que mida de manera práctica y sencilla la exposición al formaldehído exógeno.

Abstract Despite the large amounts of formaldehyde used in the industry, monitoring the health effects of occupational exposure remains an aspect of further improvement in occupational risk prevention programs. Objective: To identify the different biomarkers of effect that have been proposed to be used as indirect indicators of formaldehyde exposure and that are reported in the scientific literature. Methodology: A bibliographic review of literature from 1990 to the first quarter of 2018 was made using the descriptors: "Formaldehyde", "Biomarker", "Professional exposure". Databases were consulted and the initial search was supplemented by consulting the bibliography cited by the authors of the selected articles. Abstracts of articles were reviewed and those that, after preliminary analysis, were determined to contain information relevant to the research were selected. Results: The study found 57 articles relevant to the review which contained information on biomarkers of effect in populations of workers exposed to formaldehyde, some animal studies, and in vitro cells. Used biomarkers were summarized, studies were listed, and the findings of each of them were briefly described. Conclusions: The lack of knowledge and understanding of the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic mechanisms of formaldehyde in humans limits the application of a biomarker of effect that measures in a practical and simple way exposure to exogenous formaldehyde.

Resumo Apesar da grande quantidade de formaldeído usado na indústria, o monitoramento dos efeitos na saúde, derivados da exposição ocupacional, continua sendo um aspecto a ser aprimorado nos programas de prevenção de riscos ocupacionais. Objetivo: Identificar os diferentes biomarcadores de efeito propostos para serem utilizados como indicadores indiretos da exposição ao formaldeído e relatados na bibliografia científica. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica entre 1990 e o primeiro trimestre de 2018, utilizando os descritores: "Formaldeído", "Biomarcador", "Exposição Profissional". As bases de dados foram consultadas e a busca inicial foi complementada consultando a bibliografia citada pelos autores dos artigos selecionados. Os resumos dos artigos foram revisados e aqueles que, após análise preliminar, foram identificados, continham informações relevantes para a investigação. Resultados: Foram encontrados 57 artigos relevantes para a revisão que continham informações sobre biomarcadores de efeito em populações de trabalhadores expostos ao formaldeído, alguns estudos em animais e células in vitro. Os biomarcadores utilizados foram resumidos, os estudos listados e descritos brevemente os achados de cada um. Conclusões: A falta de conhecimento e entendimento dos mecanismos toxicocinéticos e toxicodinâmicos do formaldeído em humanos limita a aplicação de um biomarcador de efeito que mede de maneira prática e simples a exposição ao formaldeído exógeno.

Occupational hazards and health problems among traffic personnel of Mangaluru city

Background: Occupational health risks and hazards due to the polluted environment have become a serious public health concern. Thus, the duty-bound personnel like traffic police who are continuously exposed, may be at high risk and badly suffer from related health problems. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of occupational hazards and related health problems among traffic personnel in Mangaluru city. It also aimed to determine the association between occupational hazards and health problems. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among traffic personnel of Mangaluru city. A semi-structured questionnaire with established reliability and validity was used to measure occupational hazards, protective measures, and health problems. Results: The prevalence of respiratory morbidity, eye symptoms, and auditory symptoms was found to be 51.2%, 61.6%, and 47.5% respectively. Respiratory morbidity and duration of use of protective measures against air pollution are found to be significantly associated. The duration of exposure to noise pollution was also significantly associated with the auditory symptoms. Conclusions: Police personnel suffer from significant occupational health problems, due to hazards like air pollution and noise. Necessary protective measures should be taken to ensure the safety of traffic personnel. This study showed an association between occupational hazards and related health problems.

Psycho social risks noted by oncology workers related to their quality of life / Riscos psicossociais identificados por profissionais de oncologia associados à sua qualidade de vida / Riesgos psicosociales percibidos por trabajadores oncológicos asociados a su calidad de vida

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relation between occupational psychosocial risks and quality of life related to health, felt by workers who work in oncology and palliative care units in a region of Chile. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study of quantitative approach, in which 110 health workers participated. Research met the ethical requirements of E. Emanuel. Results: Participants perceive greater exposure to psychosocial risks in the dimension of psychological demands and double presence. On the other hand, they see better results in the physical health component (��: 76.72; SD 9.75) versus the mental health component (��: 71.13; SD 6.38). In addition, there are relations with statistical significance, between psychosocial risks and quality of life related to Health (p≤0.05). Conclusions: This study shows that there the perception of psychosocial risks and quality of life are related, when considering the health of workers.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre os riscos psicossociais do trabalho e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, identificada por profissionais que atuam em unidades de oncologia e cuidados paliativos em uma região do Chile. Método: Estudo analítico transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, em que participaram 110 profissionais da Saúde. A pesquisa atendeu os requisitos éticos de E. Emanuel. Resultados: Os participantes identificam uma maior exposição a riscos psicossociais na dimensão de demandas psicológicas e presença dupla; por outro lado, notam melhores resultados no componente da saúde física (��: 76,72; DE 9,75) versus o componente da saúde mental (��:71,13; DE:6,38). Além disso, há conexão, com estatísticas significantes, entre os riscos psicossociais e a qualidade de vida relacionada à Saúde (p ≤0,05). Conclusões: O presente estudo permite afirmar que há uma conexão entre a percepção de riscos psicossociais e a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde dos profissionais.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la relación entre riesgos psicosociales laborales y calidad de vida relacionada con salud, percibida por trabajadores que se desempeñan en unidades de oncología y cuidados paliativos de una región de Chile. Método: estudio analítico transversal de abordaje cuantitativo, en el cual participaron 110 trabajadores de salud. La investigación cumplió con los requisitos éticos de E. Emanuel. Resultados: los participantes perciben mayor exposición a riesgos psicosociales en la dimensión demandas psicológicas y doble presencia, por otra parte, perciben mejores resultados en el componente de salud física (��: 76,72; DE 9,75) versus el componente de salud mental (��:71,13; DE:6,38). Además, existen relaciones con significancia estadística, entre riesgos psicosocial y calidad de vida relacionada con Salud (p ≤0,05). Conclusiones: este estudio permite afirmar que hay una relación entre la percepción de riesgo psicosocial y calidad de vida relacionada con salud de los trabajadores.