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As manifestações bucais provenientes de síndromes podem ser os primeiros sinais relevantes para um diagnóstico precoce. Quanto mais rápido forem notadas e diagnosticadas, melhor será o curso do tratamento. O presente estudo objetiva discorrer sobre as principais manifestações orais, métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento de quatro principais síndromes com acometimento bucal primário. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura através de artigos científicos publicados entre 2012 a 2023 e divulgados na língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. Foram encontrados nas bases de dados: PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BVS e Google Acadêmico e o operador booleano foi "AND". Os Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) foram: "Síndromes", "Manifestações Bucais", "Cavidade Oral" e "Odontologia". A Síndrome de Sjogren é caracterizada como um distúrbio crônico sistêmico e autoimune, que prejudica as glândulas salivares e lacrimais, causando xerostomia, xeroftalmia, hipossalivação e o desenvolvimento de secura em outras regiões de mucosa, enquanto a Síndrome de Gardner é uma doença autossômica dominante genética que podem ocorrer na cavidade oral por meio de odontomas, osteomas, tumores de tecido conjuntivo, carcinomas e dentes supranumerários. A Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers's, por sua vez, também se caracteriza como uma doença autossômica dominante hereditária, apresentando-se como manchas melanícas na língua, mucosa bucal e lábios, com características planas e indolores. Conclui-se que é de extrema relevância conhecer os sinais clínicos dessas síndromes para que seja realizado o tratamento prévio e ocorra evolução clínica e prognóstico favorável do paciente.

Oral manifestations stemming from syndromes can be the first relevant signs for early diagnosis. The faster they are noticed and diagnosed, the better the course of treatment will be. This study aims to discuss the main oral manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment of four primary syndromes with primary oral involvement. It is an integrative literature review through scientific articles published between 2012 and 2023 and disseminated in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. They were found in the following databases: PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BVS, and Google Scholar, and the Boolean operator was "AND." The Health Science Descriptors (DeCS) were: "Syndromes," "Oral Manifestations," "Oral Cavity," and "Dentistry." Sjogren's Syndrome is characterized as a chronic systemic and autoimmune disorder that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, causing xerostomia, xerophthalmia, hyposalivation, and the development of dryness in other mucosal regions, while Gardner's Syndrome is a genetic dominant autosomal disease that can occur in the oral cavity through odontomas, osteomas, connective tissue tumors, carcinomas, and supernumerary teeth. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, on the other hand, is also characterized as an autosomal dominant hereditary disease, presenting as melanotic spots on the tongue, oral mucosa, and lips, with flat and painless characteristics. It is concluded that it is extremely important to know the clinical signs of these syndromes so that prior treatment can be performed and there is a favorable clinical evolution and prognosis for the patient.

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Introduction: The present study aimed to calculate the burden of oral cavity cancer (OCC) including incidence, mortality rate, survival rate, and influence of predictive factors such as clinicopathological, demographic findings, and treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: Data in this retrospective study were collected from India’s population-based cancer registry (PBCR) from 2010 to 2016. A total of 1051 cases of OCC were noted. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated. The cumulative survival outcome was calculated using Kaplan–Meier (KM) method. Prognostic factors were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: The age-standardized incidence rates (ASR), and mortality rate (ASMR), of overall OCC cases were 10.1 and 8.4 per 100 thousand population, respectively. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 32.3%. Survival outcome was significantly associated with the given treatment (Chi-square value = 58.17, P = 0.0001) and anatomical site (Chi-square value = 26.70, P = 0.0001). 17.6% of cases in males were <39-year age group. The hazard ratio (HR) in the age group of >50 years was 2.065 (95% CI 1.34-3.18, P = 0.001). Combination therapy had an HR of 2.630 (95% CI 1.91-3.63, P value 0.000). Tonsillar carcinoma (C09) (95% CI 1.04-3.12) had 1.8 times more chances of death than lip carcinoma (C00). Conclusion: OCC cases are increasing in the younger population, and overall, cases show higher mortality rates with reduced survival outcomes. Prognostic factors such as age >50 years, single modality treatment, and alveolar and tonsillar malignancy are associated with poor survival. OCC robust screening by a trained health professional can improve early detection and increases awareness and lower mortality of the disease.

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Introducción: actualmente la sífilis es considerada un problema de salud pública por su creciente incidencia. Aunque la misma ha ido disminuyendo desde la introducción de las penicilinas, se está experimentando un resurgir atribuible al incremento de la población inmunodeprimida y al aumento de las conductas sexuales de riesgo. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de la literatura de artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en español, inglés y portugués. Se consultaron las bases de datos MedLine/PubMed, BVS de Bireme, y página web del Ministerio de Salud Pública. Se utilizaron los descriptores: Cavidad Oral, Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual, Infecciones por Treponema y Sífilis. Discusión: la Organización Mundial de Salud ha desarrollado planes para disminuir las enfermedades de transmisión sexual y las muertes relacionadas a estas. La meta para 2030 es reducir en un 90% la incidencia de sífilis a nivel mundial. Para ello, se requiere definir las poblaciones específicas, y contar con políticas de estado que brinden recursos para mantener las medidas de una manera sostenible. Nuestro país no es ajeno a este aumento de casos registrados, por lo cual es de suma relevancia que el personal de salud se encuentre actualizado acerca de las manifestaciones clínicas de esta enfermedad que muchas veces simulan otras entidades patológicas. Objetivo: reportar el caso de un paciente con lesiones orales como manifestación de sífilis secundaria. Este artículo destaca la importancia de reconocer las manifestaciones orales en diversas etapas de la enfermedad, subrayando la necesidad de que los odontólogos estén familiarizados con estos signos para permitir un diagnóstico temprano. Conclusiones: un diagnóstico precoz es crucial para prevenir complicaciones adicionales y la propagación de la enfermedad.

Introduction: Syphilis is currently considered a public health problem due to its increasing incidence. Although its incidence has been decreasing since the introduction of penicillins, it is experiencing a resurgence attributable to the increase in the immunocompromised population and to the increase in risky sexual behaviors. Methodology: A literature review of articles published in the last 10 years in Spanish, English and Portuguese was carried out. The databases MedLine/PubMed, BVS of Bireme, and the web page of the Ministry of Public Health were consulted. The following descriptors were used: Oral Cavity, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Treponema Infections and Syphilis. Discussion: The World Health Organization has developed plans to reduce sexually transmitted diseases and related deaths. The goal for 2030 is to reduce the incidence of syphilis by 90% worldwide. To achieve this, it is necessary to define specific populations, and to have state policies that provide resources to maintain the measures in a sustainable manner. Our country is no stranger to this increase in registered cases, so it is of utmost relevance that health personnel are updated about the clinical manifestations of this disease that often simulate other pathological entities. Objective: To report the case of a patient with oral lesions as a manifestation of secondary syphilis. This article highlights the importance of recognizing oral manifestations in different stages of the disease, emphasizing the need for dentists to be familiar with these signs to allow an early diagnosis. Conclusions: Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent further complications and spread of the disease.

Introdução: A sífilis é atualmente considerada um problema de saúde pública devido à sua crescente incidência. Embora sua incidência tenha diminuído desde a introdução das penicilinas, ela está experimentando um ressurgimento atribuível ao aumento da população imunocomprometida e ao aumento dos comportamentos sexuais de risco. Metodologia: Realizamos uma revisão da literatura de artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos em espanhol, inglês e português. Foram consultados os bancos de dados MedLine/PubMed, BVS da Bireme e o site do Ministério da Saúde Pública. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: Cavidade Oral, Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, Infecções por Treponema e Sífilis. Discussão: A Organização Mundial da Saúde desenvolveu planos para reduzir as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e as mortes relacionadas. A meta para 2030 é reduzir a incidência de sífilis em 90% em todo o mundo. Para isso, é necessário definir populações específicas e ter políticas de Estado que forneçam recursos para manter as medidas de forma sustentável. Nosso país não está alheio a esse aumento de casos registrados, por isso é de extrema importância que os profissionais de saúde estejam atualizados sobre as manifestações clínicas dessa doença, que muitas vezes simula outras entidades patológicas. Objetivo: Relatar o caso de um paciente com lesões orais como manifestação de sífilis secundária. Este artigo destaca a importância do reconhecimento das manifestações orais em vários estágios da doença, ressaltando a necessidade de os dentistas estarem familiarizados com esses sinais para possibilitar o diagnóstico precoce. Conclusões: O diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para evitar complicações adicionais e a disseminação da doença.

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Introduction: The most frequent soft tissue sarcoma seen in children and adolescents is rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a tumour of skeletal muscle origin. The head and neck region, genitourinary tract, retroperitonium, and, to a lesser extent, the extremities, are the most frequent locations of occurrence. The orbit, paranasal sinuses, soft tissues of the cheek, and the neck are the most often affected areas in the head and neck region. RMS is comparatively infrequent in the oral cavity, and jaw involvement is incredibly uncommon. Rhabdomyosarcoma types include embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (approximately 60%), alveolar (approximately 20%), pleomorphic (approximately 10%), and spindle/sclerosing (approximately 10%). Case Presentation: A 30-year-old female Patient complained of fleshy growth in the maxillary right alveolar region since past 15 days and we described the clinical, radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings for definitive diagnosis. Management and Prognosis: Rhabdomyosarcoma has a poor prognosis when compared to other oral soft tissue malignant tumors, it is treated with surgical resection when possible, as well as multiagent chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Conclusion: The distribution and diverse histopathologic pattern of RMS possess a challenge to the diagnosis, therefore judicious use of immunohistochemical markers may help in definitive diagnosis

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Rhabdomyosarcomas are the most common malignant soft tissue tumors in children and adolescents. Around 40% of cases are diagnosed in head and neck region with orbit and face being the commonly involved areas. Oral lesions account for less than 10%. We report a case of embryonal RMS in a 4-year-old boy who presented with a polypoid mass in the hard palate. Though majority of the oral lesions encountered in children are benign, a small but significant percentage may be representative of an aggressive malignant tumor. Differentiating benign and malignant oral lesions is mandatory for optimal diagnostic strategies.

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Giant cell lesion of the oral cavity in a pediatric population is a very rare entity. Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is one such non?neoplastic lesion?causing gingival tumor. Here, a case of successful management of PGCG in a 12?year?old child is presented with a two?year follow?up. Clinical, radiographic, and histological features of PGCG are discussed with the importance of a long?term follow?up of the lesion.

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Background and Aim: Precancer biomarkers help in early detection and management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Interleukin?1? (IL?1?), a biomarker, is known to be altered in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral leukoplakia (OL). Therefore, we evaluated and compared the serum and salivary IL?1? levels in patients with OSMF/oral leukoplakia and in gender? and age?matched healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: An in vivo, prospective, observational study was conducted on 40 subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups with 20 individuals in each group, that is, Group I: OSMF/oral leukoplakia and Group II: control group. Salivary and serum IL?1? levels were quantitatively estimated using enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical tests used were unpaired t?test and Chi?square test. Results: The serum IL?1? levels were significantly (P 0.001) lesser in Group I in comparison to Group II. The salivary IL?1? levels remained insignificant between both the groups. However, in both the groups, the salivary IL?1? levels were significantly higher compared to the serum IL?1? levels. Conclusion: We found that the serum IL?1? level can be considered as a prospective biomarker for dysplasia, whereas salivary IL?1? alone needs more elaborated studies to account for its application as a potential biomarker in OPMD.

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La periodontitis es un trastorno inmunoinflamatorio de etiología microbiana causado por gérmenes únicos en la cavidad bucal que pueden diseminarse a través del torrente sanguíneo, activan la respuesta inflamatoria del huésped y favorecen la formación, maduración y exacerbación de la placa de ateroma. Varios estudios clínicos han investigado la posible relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y las enfermedades consecuentes de la aterosclerosis como la cardiopatía isquémica y la enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de artículos científicos publicados en las bases de datos: Pubmed, Medline, LILACS, Scielo, en el período comprendido entre el 2012 y el 2022, en idioma español e inglés. Se utilizaron como descriptores: periodontitis, enfermedad cerebrovascular y aterosclerosis. Los reportes incluidos indican que la enfermedad cerebrovascular y la enfermedad aterosclerótica presentan las alteraciones con mayores asociaciones con la periodontitis, sin embargo, se necesitan estudios más amplios para determinar el papel de la severidad y extensión de la periodontitis en estas enfermedades.

Periodontitis is an immunoinflammatory disorder of microbial etiology caused by unique germs in the oral cavity that can spread through the bloodstream, activate the host's inflammatory response and promote the formation, maturation and exacerbation of atheromatous plaque. Several clinical studies have investigated the possible relationship between periodontal disease and diseases resulting from atherosclerosis such as ischemic heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. An exhaustive bibliographic review of scientific articles published in the databases: Pubmed, Medline, LILACS, Scielo, in the period between 2012 and 2022, in Spanish and English was carried out. The following were used as descriptors: periodontitis, cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The included reports indicate that cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerotic disease present the alterations with the greatest associations with periodontitis, however, larger studies are needed to determine the role of the severity and extent of periodontitis in these diseases.

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Background: Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD?L1) expression in tumor cells contribute to tumor immunity and therapies directed against it, have shown encouraging results in recent years. As there is limited data on the significance of PD?L1 expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) from India, we aimed to study the PD?L1 expression and its relation with different clinic?pathological parameters in patients of HNSCC from a tertiary care center in Eastern India. Methods: A prospective evaluation of HNSCC patients diagnosed and managed at our center over a period of two and half years, was performed. PD?L1 expression in formalin fixed?paraffin embedded tumor tissue specimens was measured using SP?263 (Ventana) and 22C3 (Dako). A PD?L1 expression of <1%, 1–19%, ?20% were considered negative, low, and high expression, respectively, and was correlated with various parameters. Results: A total of 71 patients (mean age 50.8 ± 13.3 years, 86% males) were diagnosed with HNSCC (buccal mucosa?28, tongue?22, rest of oral cavity?8, larynx?7, nasopharynx?6). The tumor was poorly differentiated in 12 (17%). PD?L1 positivity was seen in a total of 51 (71.8%) patients (1–19%:18, ?20%:33). Thirty (85.7%) patients among those aged <50 years and 58.3% of those aged ?50 years showed PD?L1 positivity which was significant (P = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in PD?L1 positivity with respect to gender, tobacco use, tumor grade as well as tumor and nodal stage. Median follow up duration was 18 months (range 3–31 months) and there was significant difference in overall survival among PD?L1 positive and negative groups (31 vs 24 months; log rank P = 0.03). Conclusions: 72% of HNSCC patients in our cohort showed PD?L1 positivity and it was not associated with any patient demographic characteristics or aggressive pathological features. Positive PD?L1 expression may have a beneficial effect on overall survival in HNSCC.

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Os dentes supranumerários são descritos como uma espécie de anomalia dentária, determinada pela formação de dentes além daqueles pertencentes à dentição convencional, que geralmente promovem complicações na cavidade oral. Diversos fatores etiológicos podem estar relacionados e de acordo com sua localização, são classificados em mesiodens, distomolar e paramolar. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar e descrever a exodontia de um elemento supranumerário paramolar em região de maxila, bem como a remoção cirúrgica do primeiro molar com destruição coronária em região subjacente, através de um relato de caso. Paciente E.M.J., sexo feminino, 38 anos de idade, ASA 1, procurou atendimento odontológico devido à queixa principal de dor em região do 1° molar superior esquerdo. Ao exame físico e radiográfico, foi observada grande destruição coronária do elemento 26 associado a uma fístula intraoral, além da presença de dente supranumerário paramolar na região vestibular do dente 26. O tratamento preconizado foi a remoção cirúrgica de ambos elementos e a paciente evoluiu sem intercorrências no pós-operatório. Desta maneira, pode-se concluir que a remoção cirúrgica de dente supranumerário paramolar e de unidade dentária com grande destruição coronária por lesão cariosa, mostrou-se uma alternativa segura e eficaz no presente caso.

Supernumerary teeth are described as a kind of dental anomaly, determined by the teeth´s formation other than those belonging to the conventional dentition, which generally promote complications in the oral cavity. Several etiological factors may be related and, according to their location, they are classified into mesiodens, distomolar and paramolar. This study aims to present and describe the extraction of a paramolar supernumerary element in the maxillary region, as well as the surgical removal of the first molar with coronary destruction in the underlying region, through a case report. Patient E.M.J., female, 38 years old, ASA 1, sought dental care due to the main complaint of pain in the region of the upper left 1st molar. At the clinical and radiographic examination, a great coronal destruction of element 26 associated with a intraoral fistula was observed, in addition to the presence of a supernumerary paramolar tooth on the buccal side of tooth 26. The recommended treatment was the surgical removal of both elements and the patient evolved uneventfully in the post-operative. Thus, it can be concluded that the surgical removal of a supernumerary paramolar tooth and a dental unit with great coronary destruction due to a carious lesion proved to be a safe and effective alternative in the present case.

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Abstract Treatment of oral vascular anomalies (OVA) has focused on minimally invasive techniques rather than radical surgery. We investigated the efficacy and safety of diode laser using the photocoagulation technique in the management of OVA. Forty-seven subjects with OVA were treated with forced dehydration with induced photocoagulation (FDIP) using diode laser (808 nm/4.5 W). This series consisted mostly of male (63.8%) and non-white (63.8%) patients with a mean age of 57.4 years. Varices (91.5%), venous malformations (6.4%), and hemangiomas (2.1%) with a mean size of 7.1 (±4.9) mm were the conditions treated. OVA presented as a nodular lesion (63.8%) involving mainly the lower lip (46.8%). Pulsed laser mode was used as standard and the number of applications varied from one to four sessions, with the majority requiring only one (83%) FDIP session. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that complete clinical healing can occur on the 15th day (n=9/29.5%), followed by the 20th (n=6/45.5%), and 30th (n=7/70.5%) days. Postoperative edema was observed in 31 (66%) patients, and recurrence of the lesion occurred in two (4.2%). Based on the data on complete clinical healing, minimal patient discomfort, and satisfactory esthetic results, we can confirm that FDIP by diode laser is a promising candidate for the safe and efficacious treatment of OVA.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is a lack of studies evaluating the oral health of traditional indigenous communities in Brazil. OBJECTIVES: Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the oral health characteristics of the indigenous Fulni-ô ethnic group in Northeast Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional observational investigation was conducted within the Project on Atherosclerosis among Indigenous Populations. METHODS: This study included participants of both sexes from the Fulni-ô ethnic group. The participants included in this investigation underwent a comprehensive oral health evaluation by a registered and experienced dentist to assess oral health and identify potentially malignant oral lesions. Participants with suspicious lesions were referred for biopsy. Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney, and Student's t-tests were used, and measures of central tendency and dispersion were described. Statistical significance was 5%. RESULTS: A total of 104 individuals were included in this study. The prevalence of the use of tobacco derivatives was 94.0%, with similarities between sexes. The prevalence of oral changes in this study population was 84.4%. Fifty-one individuals who underwent oral reassessment were referred for oral lesion biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of oral alterations in the Fulni-ô population. Histopathological analyses indicated the presence of mild oral epithelial dysplasia in five cases.

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Le diabète sucré est l'une des pathologies chroniques les plus rependues chez l'enfant à cause de son apparition dans la tranche d'âge pédiatrique. Les lésions gingivales liées à la micro-angiopathie et la présence du tartre sont exceptionnelles chez l'enfant. La parodontopathie peut rendre plus difficile le contrôle de la glycémie. Les données actuelles de la littérature ont révélé qu'un enfant diabétique est plus susceptible de développer une pathologie bucco-dentaire qu'un enfant non diabétique. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'état de santé bucco-dentaire des enfants diabétiques suivis dans le service d'Endocrinologie à l'hôpital National Donka. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale de type descriptif et analytique, portant sur les affections orales et métaboliques des enfants diabétiques suivis ou hospitalisés dans le service d'Endocrinologie par un recrutement exhaustif sur une période de 6 mois. La population cible était composée de 72 enfants âgés de 6 à 18 ans au moment de l'étude. Un questionnaire a été utilisé pour obtenir des données sur le niveau socio-économique, le niveau sociodémographique, le niveau comportemental, les habitudes d'hygiène bucco-dentaire et les antécédents familiaux associés à un examen oral. Les paramètres diabétiques sont contenus dans le dossier médical. L'impact du diabète sur l'état oral des jeunes patients a été étudié par des variables qualitative et quantitative. Une corrélation entre l'ancienneté du diabète et l'indice d'hygiène orale simplifiée (p<0,05) a été observée avec p=0,03. IC95% [0,00 ; 0,06]. Mais aucun lien statistique n'a été enregistré entre la tranche d'âge et l'IHOS, d'autre part entre et aussi l'IHOS et la présence de variable clinique (p>0,05). La plupart des bouches présentaient des lésions carieuses avec un taux de 91,98% et un indice C.A.O moyen de 2,94 ± 2,82. Une gencive inflammatoire était présente chez 84,73% des patients et presque tous (95,83%) avaient une affection buccale au moins. La maladie bucco-dentaire est un marqueur social, les enfants diabétiques issus de milieux défavorisés doivent donc être ciblés plus particulièrement par les programmes de prévention

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic pathologies in children because of its appearance in the pediatric age group. Gingival lesions linked to microangiopathy and the presence of tartar are exceptional in children. Periodontal disease can make it more difficult to control blood sugar. Current data from the literature has revealed that a diabetic child is more likely to develop an oral pathology than a non-diabetic child. The objective of this study was to assess the oral health status of diabetic children followed in the endocrinology department at the national donka hospital. This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study on the oral and metabolic disorders of diabetic children followed or hospitalized in the endocrinology department by exhaustive recruitment over a period of 6 months. The target population consisted of 72 children aged 6 to 18 at the time of the study. A questionnaire was used to obtain data on socioeconomic level, sociodemographic level, behavioral level, oral hygiene habits and family history associated with an oral examination. The diabetic parameters are contained in the medical file. The impact of diabetes on the oral status of young patients was studied by qualitative and quantitative variables. A correlation between the duration of diabetes and the simplified oral hygiene index (p0.05). Most of the mouths presented carious lesions with a rate of 91.98% and an average c.a.o index of 2.94 ± 2.82. Inflammatory gingiva was present in 84.73% of patients and almost all (95.83%) had at least one oral condition. Oral disease is a social marker, diabetic children from disadvantaged backgrounds must therefore be targeted more specifically by prevention programs.

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Introducción: A finales de 2019, en Wuhan, República Popular China, se notificaron casos de un nuevo coronavirus que, como resultado de su capacidad de transmisión por vía respiratoria, el hacinamiento de la población local y el tráfico internacional de personas y mercancías, consiguió alcanzar la categoría de pandemia mundial. Se trata de una infección que produce un síndrome respiratorio agudo severo. En la literatura consultada se encontraron estudios acerca de la cavidad bucal como la principal vía de infección por SARS-CoV-2, y el impacto del alto riesgo de contagio en la práctica odontológica. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar las implicaciones en la cavidad oral de pacientes convalecientes de COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal, en la población convaleciente de COVID-19 del municipio Cárdenas, entre diciembre de 2020 y marzo de 2021. Resultados: En la muestra seleccionada predominó el sexo femenino; el grupo de edad que prevaleció fue el de entre 35-59 años, y como enfermedad crónica no transmisible la hipertensión arterial. Se describieron pacientes con la denominada "lengua COVID" y sangramiento por las encías, que al mismo tiempo presentaron xerostomía, todo luego de recibir la primera dosis de IFN-alfa o HeberFERON. Conclusiones: La ageusia y la anosmia fueron las manifestaciones bucales predominantes en los individuos convalecientes de COVID-19 en el territorio.

Introduction: At the end of 2019, in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, cases of a new coronavirus were notified which, as a result of its capacity for respiratory transmission, overcrowding of local population, and international trafficking of people and goods managed to reach the category of global pandemic. It is an infection that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. In the literature consulted studies were found about the oral cavity as the main route of infection by SARS-CoV-2, and the impact of the high risk of contagion on dental practice. This work aims to determinate the implications in the oral cavity of patients that are convalescent from COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was carry out in the convalescent COVID-19 population of the municipality of Cárdenas, between December 2020 and March 2021. Results: Female sex predominated in the selected sample; the age group that prevailed was the one between 35 to 59 years old, and high blood pressure prevailed as a chronic non-communicable disease. Patients were described with the so called "COVID tongue" and gum bleeding who at the same time presented xerostomia, all after receiving the first dose of IFN-alfa or HeberFERON. Conclusions: Ageusia and anosmia were the predominant oral manifestations in COVID-19 convalescent individuals in the territory.

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Background: Oncohematologic patients have a high incidence of thrombosis, due to either their the underlying disease or treatment. The standard management involves low molecular weight anticoagulants; however, these agents may increase bleeding risk. Case report: A rare case of acute hemorrhagic lesion in pediatric patient is described, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges encountered. An eight-year-old male with severe anemia, fever, and thrombosis of the superior and inferior vena cava was admitted for diagnostic evaluation. Enoxaparin was prescribed, and the diagnosis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) was confirmed. After 20 days of anticoagulant therapy, the patient developed epistaxis followed by the formation of oral hemorrhagic edema in the upper and lower lips. A specific protocol of oral care with multiprofessional team was implemented.The lesion showed resolution, along with physical and emotional recovery. Conclusion: The personalized care protocol successfully restored essential oral functions, including chewing, swallowing, digestion, taste, and speech, thereby redefining the true significance of a smile; crucial in oncohematological patients (AU)

Contexto: Pacientes oncohematológicos tem elevada taxa de trombose devido ao tratamento ou à doença. O tratamento preconizado para esses casos é o anticoagulante de baixo peso molecular, entretanto pode aumentar o risco de sangramentos. Relato de caso: Descreve-se um caso raro de lesão hemorrágica aguda na infância discutindo o desafio do diagnóstico. Paciente do sexo masculino, 8 anos, internado para investigação diagnóstica. Apresentava anemia grave associada a febre e trombose das veias cavas superior e inferior, por isso prescreveu-se enoxaparina. O diagnóstico foi de linfoma anaplásico de grandes células. Após 20 dias da administração do anticoagulante, o paciente desenvolveu epistaxe seguida de formação de trombo hemorrágico oral em lábio superior e inferior. Um protocolo específico de cuidados bucais envolveu a avaliação da equipe multiprofissional. Houve remissão da ferida com o restabelecimento físico e emocional. Conclusão: conforme protocolo individual de atendimento houve restabelecimento das funções vitais da cavidade oral: mastigação, deglutição, digestão, paladar, fala, resignificando o real significado do sorriso; crucial em pacientes oncohematológicos.(AU)

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Ameloblastoma is a noncancerous tumor that originates from epithelial tissue in the oral cavity. It is regarded as one of the most aggressive odontogenic tumors (OT) in several nations throughout the world. If left untreated, they can grow to be quite big, causing facial disfigurement and functional issues. The treatment of ameloblastoma depends on the size, location, and histological subtype of the tumor. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, and various techniques have been developed to minimize morbidity and recurrence.

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción : Las infecciones por virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en cavidad oral se asocian a un subgrupo de cánceres cuya prevalencia está en incremento en todo el mundo. Las personas portadoras HIV (PHIV) tienen un mayor riesgo de contraer una infección por VPH y eventualmente desarrollar cáncer. El presente estudio trata de relevar la frecuencia y variabilidad genotípica de dicho virus en cavidad oral y su asociación con pro bables factores de riesgo en una población HIV+ de la provincia de Corrientes. Métodos : Se tomaron enjuagados bucales de 133 participantes. Luego de la extracción de ADN se detectó por PCR anidada la presencia de VPH. Los casos positivos se tipificaron por Reverse Line Blot y por secuenciación. Resultados : En la serie analizada se detectó una fre cuencia global de VPH del 22% (29/133) en los enjuagados bucales. El 62% (18/29) de los casos positivos presentó al menos un genotipo de alto riesgo. Los participantes con más de 36 años (p = 0.03, aOR = 3.2, IC = 1.1-9,4) y una carga viral de más de 40 copias/mL (p = 0.04, aOR = 3.3, IC = 1.1-10.3) reflejaron mayor riesgo de infección por VPH. La edad de inicio de relaciones sexuales también resultó un indicador útil en los casos que presenta ron infecciones por genotipos de alto riesgo (p = 0.04, aOR = 7.2, IC = 1.6-32.3). Además, se observaron genotipos de bajo riesgo no reportados con anterioridad en cavidad oral de habitantes de la región (VPH-13 y VPH-114). Discusión : Relevar datos epidemiológicos basales en pobla ciones vulnerables y altamente expuestas a VPH ayuda a clarificar la historia natural del virus en localizaciones extragenitales y a focalizarnos en particularidades regio nales que permitan elaborar políticas de salud acordes a la magnitud del problema local.

Abstract Introduction : Oral cavity HPV infections are associ ated with a subgroup of cancers whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. HIV infected people are in an increased risk of contracting HPV infection and devel oping cancer. The present study reveals the frequency and genotypic variability of this virus in the oral cavity and its association with probable risk factors in an HIV+ population of the province of Corrientes. Methods : Mouthwashes were taken from 133 partici pants. After DNA extraction, the presence of HPV was detected by nested PCR. Positive cases were typed by reverse line blot or by sequencing. Results : HPV was detected in 22% (29/133) of the mouthwashes. In 62% (18/29) of the positive samples, at least one high-risk genotype was detected. Participants older than 36 years (p = 0.03, aOR = 3.2, CI = 1.1-9.4) and a viral load of more than 40 copies (p = 0.04, aOR = 3.3, CI = 1.1-10.3) had higher risk of infection by any HPV genotype. In relation to the age of initiation of sexual intercourse, it was a significant parameter in the case of patients with infections by high-risk genotypes (p = 0.04, aOR = 7.2, IC = 1.6-32.3). In addition, previously unreport ed low-risk genotypes were observed in the oral cavity of inhabitants of the region like HPV-13 and HPV-114. Discussion : Collecting baseline epidemiological data in this type of vulnerable population helps to clarify the natural history of the virus in extragenital locations and focus on regional particularities that allow the development of health policies in accordance with the magnitude of the regional problem.

ABSTRACT

Treacher Collins também chamada de disostose mandibulofacial, é uma alteração genética dominante rara caracterizada pela má-formação dos ossos e tecidos da face. É uma síndrome crânio-facial que apresenta alterações bilaterais e simétricas de estruturas originadas do primeiro e segundo arcos branquiais. A maioria dos casos possui transmissão autossômica dominante e expressividade variável. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar um relato de caso sobre o impacto do tratamento odontológico na qualidade de vida do paciente portador de Treacher Collins. Paciente, 39 anos, sexo feminino compareceu a uma clínica odontológica em Belo Horizonte, com a queixa principal de falhas dentárias e sensibilidade. Durante a anamnese a paciente relatou ter a STC, durante o exame clínico extraoral verificou a presença de hipoplasia malar e mandibular, malformação dos pavilhões auriculares com perda auditiva, obliquidade e coloboma palpebral inferior. Ao exame intraoral observou ser classe II de Angle, ausência dos dentes 11, 12, 13, 21 e 22 e extrusão do dente 41 e recessão gengival e periodontite estágio I grau A. Após exames de periodontograma e complementares foi realizado uma raspagem nas áreas com profundidade de sondagem maior que 3mm, frenectomia labial inferior, aplicação de laser para sensibilidade, enxerto gengival e colocação de prótese parcial removível. A paciente ao final do tratamento relatou ter se sentido realizada e contente com a sua conclusão, ela foi encaminhada ao Sistema único de Saúde para realizar as cirurgias para corrigir as alterações crânio-faciais. O tratamento odontológico deve ser adaptado a cada indivíduo de acordo com sua necessidade, tendo uma abordagem multidisciplinar, possibilitando uma melhora na qualidade de vida e estética do paciente(AU)

Treacher Collins syndrome is a rare dominant genetic disorder characterized by malformation of the bones and tissues of the face. It is a craniofacial syndrome that presents bilateral and symmetrical alterations of structures originating from the first and second branchial arches. The aim of the present study is to perform a case report on the impact of dental treatment on the quality of life of a patient with CTS. Patient, 39 years old, female, attended a dental clinic in Belo Horizonte, with the main complaint of dental flaws and sensitivity. During the anamnesis the patient reported having CTS, during the extraoral clinical examination she verified the presence of malar and mandibular hypoplasia, malformation of the pinnae with hearing loss, obliquity and lower eyelid coloboma. Intraoral examination revealed Angle class II, missing teeth 11, 12, 13, 21 and 22, extrusion of tooth 41, gingival recession and stage I periodontitis grade A. After periodontogram and complementary exams it was performed a scaling in areas with a probing depth greater than 3mm, lower lip frenectomy, laser application for sensitivity, gingival graft and placement of partial removable prosthesis. The patient at the end of treatment reported feeling fulfilled and happy with its completion, she was referred to the Unique Health System to undergo surgery to correct the craniofacial changes. The current treatment aims at functional and aesthetic correction and the need for psychosocial support, having the joint participation of a multidisciplinary team to achieve this goal(AU)

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción En el presente artículo se describen las diferentes clasificaciones de terceros molares retenidos y se recomienda una nueva clasificación que permite predecir la dificultad para la remoción respectiva. Objetivo Lo anterior tiene la finalidad servir de guía para que los estudiantes o profesionales en Odontología utilicen como clasificador el grado de dificultad de terceras molares, el cual se constituiría en un instrumento de medición del tiempo necesario para remover la pieza dental, los pasos necesarios para dicha remoción y la morbilidad relacionada.

Abstract Introduction Different literaly classifications of impacted wisdom teeth will be shown in adddition to a new categorization wich predicts their removal difficulty. Aim The goal of the above statement is to be used as a guide for students and/or collegues to classify the degree of difficulty as a tool to measure the needed time to extract the tooth and the necessary steps to remove it and the related morbility.

ABSTRACT

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a neoplasm of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic origin with intermediate biological behavior. We report here two cases of SFT affecting an unusual anatomical site in 58-year-old and 40-year-old female patients and discuss the differential diagnosis of this lesion. In case 01, the lesion showed the clinical appearance of an asymptomatic "blister" with normal color, rubbery consistency, measuring 0.3 cm, and affected the lower lip; while in case 02, a symptomatic red nodular lesion with a soft consistency and measuring 0.5 cm affected the floor of the mouth. Excisional biopsies were performed. Microscopically, two well-delimited benign neoplasms were observed, exhibiting the proliferation of ovoid to spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells, vascular spaces with staghorn arrangement, and the absence of mitosis figures. Immunohistochemistry was performed in case 01 to assist in the diagnosis. Weak and diffuse immunostaining was observed for α-SMA and intense and diffuse immunopositivity for Bcl-2 and CD34. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical features, a diagnosis of SFT was rendered in both cases. The low occurrence and nonspecific clinical features of oral SFT may make its clinical diagnosis difficult. Also, morphological and immunohistochemical are essential for differential diagnosis with other mesenchymal neoplasms.(AU)

O tumor fibroso solitário (TFS) é uma neoplasia de origem fibroblástica/miofibroblastica com comportamento biológico intermediário. Nesse artigo relatamos dois casos de TFS afetando sítios anatômicos incomuns em pacientes do sexo feminino de 58 anos e 40 anos e discutir os seus diagnósticos. No caso 01 clinicamente a lesão apresentou um aspecto de "bolha" assintomática, coloração normal da mucosa, consistência borrachoide medindo 0,3 cm, em região de lábio inferior, enquanto que no caso 02, como uma lesão sintomática, vermelha, nodular com consistência mole e medindo 0,5 cm afetando o assoalho bucal. As biópsias excecionais foram realizadas. Microscopicamente, observamos duas lesões neoplásicas bem delimitadas exibindo uma proliferação de células mesenquimais variando de ovoides a fusiformes, vasos sanguíneos em formato de "chifre de veado", com ausência de figuras de mitoses. No caso 01 foi realizado análise imuno-histoquímica para auxiliar no diagnóstico. Foi observado uma marcação fraca e difusa de α-SMA e uma intensa e difusa imunopositividade para o Bcl-2 e CD34.Baseado nos achados histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos o diagnóstico de TFS foi estabelecido em ambos os casos. A baixa ocorrência e os achados clínicos inespecíficos do TFS oral podem dificultar o diagnóstico clínico. Além disso, as análises morfológicas e imuno-histoquimicas são essenciais para realização do diagnóstico diferencial com outras neoplasias mesenquimais.(AU)_