Traumatismo dentoalveolar en una adolescente

Se presenta el caso clínico de una adolescente de 18 años de edad, quien se accidentó en una motocicleta y fue remitida a la Escuela de Medicina Dental de la ciudad de Torreón, Estado Coahuila de México para la colocación de implantes dentarios. El tratamiento ortodóncico incluyó 2 fases: inicial, con la instalación de una prótesis parcial removible provisional y correctiva, donde se colocó una aparatología fija superior e inferior mediante la técnica de Roth. Con este tratamiento fueron corregidas la maloclusión, la ausencia dentaria y la pérdida ósea. Se logró una transmigración dentaria y a los 22 meses de evolución, la paciente alcanzó una oclusión funcional.

The case report of an 18 years adolescent is presented, who had an accident in a motorcycle and she was referred to the Dental Medicine School of Torreón city, Coahuila State in Mexico, for the placement of dental implants. The orthodontic treatment included 2 phases: initial, with the installation of a removable, provisional and corrective partial denture, where an upper and lower fixed appliance was placed using the Roth technique. Malocclusion, tooth absence and bone loss were corrected with this treatment. A dental transmigration was achieved and after 22 months of evolution, the patient achieved a functional occlusion.

Understanding bio-mechanics of intrusion: an orthodontics review

Orthodontic intrusion is a common treatment approach in managing orthodontic esthetic and functional problems, including gummy smile and deep bite. Intrusion often constitutes an integral part of orthodontic treatment to improve sagittal and vertical incisor relationships, to correct interincisal angle and, consequently, the gingival line and restore the esthetics of smiling. The choice of appliances and techniques used by practitioners varies radically among individuals, but the fundamental forces and moments they produce are universal. Appliances will always act according to the laws of physics. Therefore, understanding the basic biomechanical principles of intrusion may help in effecting efficient tooth control and help in achieving successful orthodontic treatment outcomes more predictable and consistent.

Reabsorción radicular en premolares, posterior a ortodoncia de autoligado, utilizando tomografía computarizada / Root resorption in premolars after self-ligating orthodontic treatment, using computed tomography

Este Estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar la incidencia de reabsorción radicular externa en premolares superiores e inferiores permanentes al finalizar el tratamiento de ortodoncia. Esta investigación fue realizada en pacientes entre 18 y 35 años que recibieron tratamiento de ortodoncia, sin extracciones, con técnica de autoligado en la ciudad de Guadalajara. Se consideraron 120 premolares, realizando mediciones longitudinales en las tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico al inicio y término del tratamiento. Utilizando el software Implant Viewer 3. Los valores registrados en el primer y segundo premolar superior tanto del lado derecho como izquierdo al inicio y término del tratamiento fluctuaron entre -4.946 y -7.801; p ≤ 0.0005 encontrándose diferencias estadísticas significativas. Mientras que en el primer y segundo premolar inferior tanto del lado derecho como izquierdo, fluctuaron entre -4.864 y -5.28; p ≤ 0.0005 encontrándose diferencias estadísticas significativas. Se concluye en este estudio que los dientes sometidos a movimientos durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia sufren modificaciones en el contorno de la raíz, cambios con consecuencias mínimas que no comprometen la funcionalidad del diente. Los premolares superiores presentaron mayores rangos de reabsorción radicular que los premolares inferiores.

The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of root resorption in permanent upper and lower premolars at the end of an orthodontic treatment. This research was carried out in patients aged between 18 and 35 years old who received orthodontic treatment, without extractions, with a self-ligating technique in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico. In this study, 120 premolars were considered, making longitudinal measurements with cone beam computed tomography at the beginning and the end of the treatment, using the Implant Viewer 3 software. The values recorded in the upper first and second premolars on both the right and left sides at the beginning and the end of the treatment fluctuated between -4.946 and -7.801; p ≤ 0.0005, finding statistically significant differences. In the lower first and second premolars on both the right and left sides, they fluctuated between -4.864 and -5.28; p ≤ 0.0005, also finding statistically significant differences. It is concluded that teeth subjected to movements during orthodontic treatment suffer modifications in the contour of the root, changes with minimal consequences that do not compromise their functionality. The upper premolars showed higher ranges of root resorption than the lower premolars.

Prospective Clinical Study of Combined Treatment of Periodontal Orthodontics for Chronic Periodontitis / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of dynamic monitoring of occlusal force on the final therapeutic effect and the change of periodontal supporting tissue during combined periodontal orthodontic treatment.Methods The periodontal clinical index of 20 patients with traditional periodontal orthodontic treatment and 20 patients with combined periodontal orthodontic treatment assisted by T-Scan Ⅲ and Anycheck digital occlusion analysis system were compared before,during and after treatment,as well as the changes of bite force,bite time and tooth mobility in the experimental group.Results The depth of periodontal pocket(PD),loss of attachment(AL),bleeding index(BI)and tooth looseness were significantly reduced after combined periodontal orthodontic treatment in both groups.In the control group,the percentage of anterior and posterior biting force changed obviously,and the occlusion force balance was improved.Conclusion The combined treatment of periodontitis and orthodontics can improve the periodontal tissue of patients with periodontitis,and T-Scan system can observe and guide the adjustment of occlusal and better achieve occlusion force balance.

Evaluation of condylar position in patients with malocclusion and changes in condylar position before and after orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography / 口腔疾病防治

@#The functional health and stability of the oral and maxillofacial system is one of the basic goals of orthodontic treatment. Currently, it is believed that, in general, the condyle is located in the center of the joint fossa when the mandible is in an intercuspal position (ICP) in healthy normal people. At this time, the function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is stable. Due to orthodontic tooth movement and subsequent occlusal changes, patients with malocclusion may experience related remodeling of the temporomandibular joint, especially changes in the position of the condyle. The position of the mandibular condyle is traditionally evaluated using a condylar position indicator. However, this method lacks consistency in obtaining condylar position changes. In recent years, in the clinical application of orthodontic treatment, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become the first choice for examination. CBCT can accurately measure the interarticular space and determine changes in condylar position. This article reviews the CBCT assessment of condylar position and related research on condylar position changes in patients with malocclusion before and after orthodontic treatment. The literature review results indicate that there are differences in the condylar position of patients with different malocclusions, and the condylar position may also change before and after orthodontic treatment. With a lower radiation dose, CBCT has higher accuracy in evaluating the condylar position in patients with malocclusion who undergo orthodontic treatment, thus promoting further study of the mechanism of condylar position changes in patients with malocclusion in the future and providing more accurate and personalized guidance for patient treatment.

Disc repositioning surgery combined with orthodontic treatment of patients with temporomandibular disorders and facial asymmetry: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of disc repositioning surgery combined with orthodontic treatment in patients with temporomandibular disorder and facial asymmetry.@*Methods@#One patient who underwent disc repositioning surgery combined with orthodontic treatment for temporomandibular joint disorder and facial asymmetry was reported. Preoperatively, the patient had a skewed shape of the opening, mild pressure pain in the right preauricular region with left mandibular deviation, and a mismatch between the width of the upper and lower dental arches. In the arthrosurgery department, bilateral temporomandibular disc replacement and anchorage were performed through a transauricular incision, and an auxiliary splint was worn to stabilize the jaw position for 6 months. In the orthopedic department, maxillary skeletal expansion was used in combination with the multiloop edgewise archwire technique to reconstruct the occlusion after 16 months of orthodontic treatment.@*Results@#The deviation was corrected by wearing an occlusal splint for six months after joint repositioning and anchoring; moreover, the pain symptoms disappeared, and the cone beam CT examination showed that the bilateral temporomandibular joint space was uniformly enlarged, the lower alveolar ridge midline deviated to the right, the posterior regions of the teeth were bilaterally inverted, and the anterior region and the posterior region of the left side were open. The orthodontic treatment matched the width of the upper and lower dental arches and established the cuspal molar neutrality relationship and the normal overjet coverage of the anterior teeth; additionally, the mandibular position was not obviously skewed. A review of the results of the related literature shows that abnormal occlusal relationships, such as mismatched arch width and skewed occlusal plane, can cause adaptive mandibular deviation, which can lead to the occurrence of TMD. Temporomandibular joint disc anchorage with splint treatment can effectively improve maxillofacial deformity in young TMD patients. After the establishment of a stable, physiologically functional disc-condylar relationship, orthodontic treatment is required to remove the interfering factors to rebuild the occlusion, and long-term postoperative review and follow-up are needed.@*Conclusion@#In patients with TMD and mandibular accommodative deviation due to occlusal anomalies, establishing a normal disc-condylar relationship and eliminating occlusal interference through disc repositioning surgery combined with orthodontic treatment can effectively improve facial shape and establish a stable jaw position.

Class III camouflage orthodontic treatment in adult patient with anterior crossbite and abnormal functional shift: A case report

@#Skeletal Class III malocclusion is a complex malformation with a prevalence of 81.6% in Airlangga University Dental Hospital, distributed in patients aged 15-45 years old. Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion improves prognosis with a mild-to-moderate shift. This study aimed to discuss orthodontic camouflage as an option for adult patients with Class III malocclusion, emphasizing its indications, implications, and expected results. This report presents the case of a 17-year-old male patient with poor facial aesthetics associated with protruded chin, abnormal functional shift, and temporomandibular joint pain. The facial profile was concave with lower anterior multiple diastemas, mandibular lip protrusion, mandibular displacement, and anterior crossbite. This case was treated by camouflage therapy using straight wire appliance system combined with elastic class III. After 24 months of treatment during the pandemic, the mandibular displacement and the crossbite were corrected, the teeth were arched, the anterior crossbite fixed, and the profile became convex. Camouflage orthodontic treatment can be an effective management option to achieve functional occlusion, stability, and a satisfactory aesthetic impression in adult patients with mild to moderate skeletal Class III deformities, anterior cross bite, and functional shift.

Research progress on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric malocclusion combined with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome / 口腔疾病防治

@#Pediatric malocclusion is common in dentistry. Some children with malocclusion combined with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) often fail to receive appropriate treatment due to a lack of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment. It can cause abnormal ventilation during sleep, affecting the central nervous system and cardiovascular development and even causing neurological and behavioral problems. Pediatric OSAHS is caused by the narrowing of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by specific facial bone characteristics and neuromuscular factors and correlated with malocclusion. Due to its diverse clinical manifestations and etiology, the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric OSAHS require an interdisciplinary, personalized, and specialized approach. Questionnaires and physical examinations can be used for preliminary screening. Moreover, children's stomatology and otorhinolaryngology examinations are the basis for disease diagnosis. Polysomnography (PSG) is currently the direct diagnostic method. There are various treatment methods for OSAHS in children, and for OSAHS caused by adenoid tonsil hypertrophy, adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy are the main treatments. Othodontic treatment including mandibular advancement and rapid maxillary expansion et al is also effective for OSAHS in children with malocclusion. Currently, there is limited research on the correlation between childhood malocclusion and OSAHS, and multidisciplinary combination therapy may improve the cure rate, but there is a lack of sufficient evidence. In the future, the pathogenesis of OSAHS should be further elucidated, and research on multidisciplinary combination therapy should be promoted to achieve early intervention and treatment for potential and existing patients.

Biomechanical characteristics of orthodontic tooth movement before and after increasing alveolar bone mass with periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:There is an increasing demand for orthodontic treatment,and periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics(PAOO)technique can make it possible to move orthodontic teeth that are limited by thin alveolar bone. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biomechanics of orthodontic tooth movement before and after periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics(PAOO)surgery to increase alveolar bone volume using the three-dimensional finite element method. METHODS:A patient undergoing PAOO surgery before orthodontic treatment to increase bone volume on the labial side of the mandibular anterior region was selected.The patient was under invisible orthodontics.Two three-dimensional finite element models were constructed based on the patient's preoperative and 6-month postoperative cone beam CT data.Both models simulated the movement of tooth 33:experiment Ⅰ:distal-central movement of 0.25 mm;experiment Ⅱ:lingual movement of 0.25 mm;and experiment Ⅲ:intrusion movement of 0.10 mm.The stress distribution and initial displacement trend of tooth 33,periodontal ligament and surrounding alveolar bone under the action of the invisible aligner were analyzed before and after the PAOO procedure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Dental stress analysis:In the same orthodontic tooth movement,the maximum Von-Mises stress and overall stress values of tooth 33 were all higher before surgery than after surgery;there were similar distribution areas of maximum equivalent stress and overall distribution trends of Von-Mises stress before and after surgery.Periodontal ligament stress analysis:In the same orthodontic tooth movement,the maximum Von-Mises stress and overall stress values of the periodontal ligament were higher before surgery than after surgery,and there were similar distribution areas of the maximum equivalent stress and overall distribution trends of Von-Mises stress before and after surgery.Alveolar bone stress analysis:In the same orthodontic tooth movement,the maximum Von-Mises stress values of the alveolar bone around tooth 33 were higher before surgery than after surgery,while the equivalent stress distribution showed a gradual decrease from the top of the alveolar ridge to the root.Initial displacement analysis:In the same orthodontic tooth movement,the initial displacements in the main displacement direction for all six observation points of tooth 33 were smaller before surgery than after surgery,and showed a tendency to gradually decrease from the tooth tip to the apex.Therefore,there were differences in the biomechanical characteristics of orthodontic tooth movement before and after the PAOO surgery.With the clear aligner,the postoperative equivalent stress values on the dentition,periodontal ligament,and surrounding alveolar bone were lower than before the surgery,and the initial displacements of the orthodontic teeth after the surgery are larger than before.These findings suggest that PAOO can release the restriction of thin alveolar bone on the movement of orthodontic tooth by increasing alveolar bone thickness,effectively improving the force on the roots,periodontal ligament,and alveolar bone,avoiding the stress concentration on orthodontic tooth in the thin alveolar bone area that can cause complications when moving,and improving the efficiency of tooth movement.

Percentage of patients shifting to another treatment modality: An experience-guided decision

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to assess the frequency with which orthodontic patients decided to shift to another type of orthodontic appliance, among conventional metal brackets, ceramic brackets, lingual brackets and clear aligner, based on their personal experiences of pain, ulcers, bad breath, hygiene issues and social difficulties. Material and Methods: This study comprises of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. The sample (n = 500; age group = 19-25 years) was divided equally into four groups based on the treatment modality: conventional metal brackets, ceramic brackets, lingual brackets and clear aligner. Patients rated the questionnaire using a visual analogue scale, to assess variables (such as pain, ulcer etc) that impact various treatment modalities. Subsequently, patients from all groups provided feedback regarding their treatment experiences, and expressed their preference for an alternative modality. Intergroup comparison among the four groups was done using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's HSD post-hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Patients who received lingual brackets reported higher levels of pain and ulceration, as compared to those who received clear aligners. All four groups showed statistically significant differences for ulcers during treatment (p ≤ 0.05). Of the 125 patients who received conventional metal brackets, 28% expressed a preference for clear aligner therapy, while 20% preferred ceramic brackets. In the lingual group, 56% of 125 patients preferred clear aligner therapy, and 8% preferred ceramic brackets to complete their treatment. In the ceramic group, 83% did not want to switch, whereas 17% desired to switch to clear aligner, while in aligner group no patient desired to switch. Conclusions: A higher percentage of patients from lingual brackets group chose to shift to clear aligners, followed by conventional metal brackets group and by ceramic brackets group, in this descending order. The clear aligner group demonstrated fewer issues than the other treatment modalities.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência com que pacientes ortodônticos decidiram mudar para outro tipo de aparelho ortodôntico, entre braquetes convencionais de metal, braquetes cerâmicos, braquetes linguais e alinhadores transparentes, com base em suas experiências pessoais de dor, aftas, mau hálito, problemas de higiene e dificuldades sociais. Material e Métodos: Esse estudo foi composto por pacientes que procuram tratamento ortodôntico. A amostra (n = 500; faixa etária = 19-25 anos) foi dividida igualmente em quatro grupos, com base na modalidade de tratamento: braquetes metálicos convencionais, braquetes cerâmicos, braquetes linguais e alinhadores transparentes. Os pacientes responderam a um questionário, usando uma escala visual analógica, para avaliar variáveis como dor e aftas, que impactam diferentes modalidades de tratamento. Posteriormente, os pacientes de todos os grupos forneceram feedback sobre suas experiências de tratamento e expressaram sua preferência por uma modalidade alternativa. A comparação intergrupos entre os quatro grupos foi feita usando análise de variância unidirecional com teste post-hoc HSD de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados: Os pacientes que usaram braquetes linguais relataram níveis mais elevados de dor e aftas, em comparação com aqueles que usaram alinhadores transparentes. Todos os quatro grupos apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para aftas durante o tratamento (p ≤ 0,05). Dos 125 pacientes que usaram braquetes metálicos convencionais, 28% expressaram preferência pelo tratamento com alinhadores transparentes, enquanto 20% preferiram braquetes cerâmicos. No grupo com braquetes linguais, 56% dos 125 pacientes preferiram o tratamento com alinhadores transparentes e 8% preferiram braquetes cerâmicos para completar o tratamento. No grupo com braquetes cerâmicos, 83% não queriam trocar de tratamento, enquanto 17% desejavam mudar para os alinhadores transparentes; enquanto no grupo de alinhadores nenhum paciente desejou mudar. Conclusões: Uma porcentagem maior de pacientes do grupo com braquetes linguais optou pela mudança para alinhadores transparentes, seguido pelo grupo com braquetes metálicos convencionais e pelo grupo com braquetes cerâmicos, em ordem decrescente. O grupo de alinhadores transparentes demonstrou menos problemas do que as outras modalidades de tratamento.

Awareness of malocclusion and attitude towards orthodontic treatment among trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria

Objective: Malocclusion affects aesthetics, the physical, psychological and social life of a person. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of malocclusion and attitude towards orthodontic treatment among trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 68 final year (sixty-eight) trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria. The research instrument was a self-administered close ended questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. P value (P<0.05) was regarded as significant. Results: Sixty-one (89.7%) of the respondents were females, while 7 (10.3%) were males. Fifty-seven (83.8%) have heard of the term malalignment of teeth, 53 (77.9%) of the students think malalignment is due to external habits. 61 (89.7%) are aware that few teeth may have to be removed for proper positioning of irregular teeth and 51 (75.0%) were aware that the irregular teeth can be corrected even after 40 years of age. More females were aware of malocclusion and had positive attitude towards orthodontic procedures when compared to the males, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusion. Majority of the respondents in this study were aware of the term malalignment and had positive attitude towards orthodontic treatment. More females constituted the study population.

Necesidad del tratamiento ortodóntico según el índice estético dental en la etnia Kichwa Saraguro, Ecuador / Need for Orthodontic Treatment according to the Dental Esthetic Index in the Kichwa Saraguro Ethnic Group, Ecuador

Introducción: Los rasgos oclusales en un grupo étnico pueden estar asociados con factores genéticos y socioculturales que contribuyen a la morfología de los rasgos oclusales y faciales en grupos indígenas. Objetivo: Determinar la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico según el índice estético dental y el sexo en la etnia Kichwa Saraguro, Ecuador. Métodos : Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el año 2018 en 465 adolescentes de 12 a 16 años, pertenecientes a la etnia Kichwa Saraguro y residentes en Loja, Ecuador. Se empleó la estadística descriptiva, se obtuvo la frecuencia absoluta y el porcentaje para las variables cualitativas; la media, la desviación estándar y la mediana para variables cuantitativas. Para la determinación de normalidad de los datos se usó la prueba Kolmogorov Smirnov y para la relación del sexo con los componentes del índice estético dental y la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico se usó la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney y ji al cuadrado. Un valor de α = 0,05 se consideró como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: Del total de la población, en el 61,06 por ciento se encontró una maloclusión leve con tratamiento innecesario; en el 18,06 por ciento maloclusión manifiesta con tratamiento optativo, en el 9,89 por ciento maloclusión grave con tratamiento deseable y en el 10,97 por ciento maloclusión muy grave con tratamiento obligatorio. Se encontraron diferencias significativas de p = 0,028 en dientes incisivos, caninos y premolares visibles perdidos del maxilar y la mandíbula. Conclusión: Más de la mitad de los participantes de la etnia Kichwa Saraguro presentaron maloclusión leve con tratamiento innecesario y, de acuerdo con el sexo, más de un cuarto de los participantes femeninos mostraron maloclusión manifiesta con tratamiento optativo y maloclusión grave con tratamiento sumamente deseable(AU)

Introduction: Occlusal features in an ethnic group may be associated with genetic and sociocultural factors that contribute to the morphology of occlusal and facial features in indigenous groups. Objective: To determine the need for orthodontic treatment according to the dental esthetic index and sex in the Kichwa Saraguro ethnic group, Ecuador. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study that was carried out in 2018 in 465 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years, belonging to the Kichwa Saraguro ethnic group and residing in Loja, Ecuador. Descriptive statistics were used. Absolute frequency and percentage were obtained for qualitative variables, and mean, standard deviation and median for quantitative variables. The Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data, and the Mann-Whitney U test and chi-squared test were used to determine the relationship between sex and the components of the dental esthetic index and the need for orthodontic treatment. A value of α = 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the total population, 61.06 percent were found to have a mild malocclusion with unnecessary treatment. In 18.06 percent manifest malocclusion with optional treatment was found. Severe malocclusion with desirable treatment was found in 9.89 percent and very severe malocclusion with mandatory treatment in 10.97 percent. Significant differences of p = 0.028 were found in visible missing incisors, canines and premolars of the maxilla and mandible. Conclusion: More than half of the participants from the Kichwa Saraguro ethnic group presented mild malocclusion with unnecessary treatment and, according to sex, more than a quarter of the female participants showed manifest malocclusion with optional treatment and severe malocclusion with highly desirable treatment(AU)

Prevalencia de Anomalías Dentomaxilares y Necesidad de Tratamiento Ortodóncico en Escolares del Pueblo Originario Rapa Nui / Prevalence of Dentomaxillary Anomalies and Need for Orthodontic Treatment in School Children of the Rapa Nui Native People

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de anomalías dentomaxilares y la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en escolares pertenecientes al pueblo originario de Rapa Nui. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y no probabilístico. Se evaluaron 85 alumnos entre primero básico y primero medio, entre los 6 y 16 años de edad, de dos colegios de Rapa Nui. Se realizó un examen clínico estandarizado, realizado por dos investigadores previamente calibrados, donde se completó una ficha clínica diseñada para el estudio. Para el análisis de las anomalías dentomaxilares se realizó un escaneo digital de la cavidad oral completa para su posterior análisis. De 85 estudiantes evaluados, 75 (88,2 %) se encontraban afectados por algún tipo de anomalía dentomaxilar en el plano sagital, vertical y/o transversal, independiente de su gravedad. Un 87,1 % de los estudiantes necesitan tratamiento ortodóncico según el Índice de Necesidad de Tratamiento Ortodóncico, de los cuales un 57,7, % se clasificó dentro de los rangos de moderado, grave y muy grave. Existe una alta prevalencia de anomalías dentomaxilares en los escolares pertenecientes al pueblo originario Rapa Nui, encontrándose por sobre las cifras nacionales como internacionales, lo cual da como resultado que la mayoría de los alumnos evaluados necesiten de algún tipo tratamiento ortodóncico, ya sea preventivo, interceptivo y/o correctivo.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dentomaxillary anomalies and the need for orthodontic treatment in schoolchildren belonging to the Rapa Nui native people. A descriptive, observational, cross- sectional and non-probabilistic study was carried out. Eighty- five students between first grade and first middle school, between 6 and 16 years of age, from two schools of Rapa Nui were evaluated. A standardized clinical examination was performed by two previously calibrated investigators, where a clinical record designed for the study was completed. For the analysis of dentomaxillary anomalies, a digital scan of the full mouth was performed for subsequent analysis. Of 85 students evaluated, 75 (88.2 %) were affected by some type of dentomaxillary anomaly in the sagittal, vertical and/or transversal plane, regardless of its severity. Some 87.1 % of the students needed orthodontic treatment according to the Orthodontic Treatment Need Index, of which 57.7 % were classified within the moderate, severe and very severe ranges. There is a high prevalence of dentomaxillary anomalies in schoolchildren belonging to the Rapa Nui native people, which is above the national and international figures, resulting in the majority of the students evaluated needing some type of orthodontic treatment, whether preventive, interceptive and/or corrective.

Impact of orthodontic treatment on speech and phonetics: a review

Orthodontic devices, including both fixed and removable devices, have the potential to impact dental anatomy, the space within the oral cavity, the displacement of the tongue, and the production of speech. The usage of fixed labial appliances may cause transient or persistent speech and phonetics changes, particularly affecting sibilant and stopped sounds. Lingual fixed appliances, while providing aesthetic advantages, can lead to difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene, pain in the tongue, and speech disturbances. Orthodontic retainers, used post-treatment, can also affect speech and phonetics by altering the oral cavity space and tongue position. Other appliances like removable appliances, palatal expanders, and prosthetic dental appliances may also disrupt speech production. Objective, semi-objective, and subjective assessments are utilized to evaluate speech disruptions induced by orthodontic devices. Patients considering orthodontic aligners should be informed about potential temporary limitations in speech production, which can be managed by removing the device when necessary. The adaptation to orthodontic treatment may vary based on individual characteristics. Orthodontists should consider these effects and communicate them to patients. This review article explores the effect of orthodontic treatment on speech and phonetics.

Clear aligners - knowledge and preference among parents of children aged 10 - 17 years

Background: Clear aligners were introduced in the 20th century, but it did not gain popularity since there was a lack of promotion. However, now due to the widespread marketing on social media, clear aligners have gained popularity. Yet, the awareness about different types of clear aligners among parents was ambiguous. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and acceptance of clear aligners among the parents of children aged 10- 17 years.

Methods: The study was conducted on 50 parents of children aged between 10 to 17 years in Bengaluru. A Questionnaire was given to the parents to assess their knowledge about various orthodontic treatments and the different types of clear aligners. A video was shown to the parents which explained about the ideal age for orthodontic treatment, types of clear aligners, their advantages and disadvantages. After the video-demonstration, a questionnaire was given to the parents to assess their preference.

Results: On an average, the knowledge about different types of clear aligners among parents were low. Most of the parents were indecisive about choosing between In-office aligners and At-home aligners and unaware about the complications of At-home aligners. The study results showed that after video-demonstration, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of parents who chose 慖n-Office� aligners over 慉t-home� aligners (Mean value � 4.02).

Conclusions: This study helped in creating awareness about In-Office aligners, the various complications of At-Home aligners and also educated the parents in choosing a better treatment option for their children.

Indications, limitations, and outcomes of clear aligners in orthodontic treatment

Clear aligners have gained popularity in orthodontic treatment as a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing alternative to traditional braces. The use of clear aligners has increased due to their advantages, including improved aesthetics, easy removability, and minimal soft tissue irritation. The treatment process involves sequential aligners custom-made for each patient, using computer-aided design and manufacturing technology. Clear aligners employ controlled forces to gradually move teeth into proper alignment. However, clear aligners have limitations, such as the need for patient compliance and their effectiveness in addressing complex malocclusions. Clinical considerations include thorough assessment, regular follow-up visits, and patient education. Treatment outcomes vary depending on the specific malocclusion characteristics. Clear aligners have demonstrated benefits in treating mild malocclusions, spacing issues, and certain types of malocclusion corrections. Treatment duration may be shorter compared to fixed appliances in mild cases. Stability and periodontal health can be influenced by clear aligner therapy, which has effects on plaque levels and gingival inflammation. Root resorption is a concern, but aligners have shown a lower prevalence compared to fixed appliances. Compliance, eruption of permanent teeth, and limitations in visualizing hard and soft tissues are important considerations. Overall, clear aligners offer an aesthetic orthodontic treatment option for a variety of dental abnormalities and mild to moderate orthodontic issues.

Intervenciones quirúrgicas mínimamente invasivas complementarias a la ortodoncia quirúrgicamente asistida: Resumen estructurado de evidencia / Minimally Invasive Surgical Interventions Complementary to surgically assisted orthodontics: Structured summary of evidence

Introducción: Existen procedimientos quirúrgicos que pueden generar una disminución en la duración de los tratamientos de ortodoncia (TO) mediante una aceleración del movimiento dental. La técnica más estudiada corresponde a la corticotomía clásica, la cual muchas veces es desechada por los pacientes debido a su invasividad. Es por esto que nacen las intervenciones quirúrgicas mínimamente invasivas (IQMI), tales como las micro osteoperforaciones (MOP) y la piezocisión, que buscan el mismo resultado, pero sin realizar colgajos de espesor total, otorgándole al paciente nuevas alternativas terapéuticas para acortar el tratamiento de ortodoncia. La evidencia al respecto aún es controversial, debido a que la certeza de la evidencia es baja o muy baja con relación a estos procedimientos. Métodos: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metaanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Resultados y conclusiones: Identificamos 39 revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 43 estudios primarios, de los cuales, 31 corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que las intervenciones quirúrgicas mínimamente invasivas podrían aumentar la tasa de movimiento dental a las 12 semanas, la distancia total acumulada, la tasa de movimiento dental y reducir la duración total de tratamiento, pero la certeza de la evidencia es incierta. Además, podrían resultar en poca o ninguna diferencia sobre el índice gingival, la profundidad de sondaje y el índice de placa.

Introduction: There are surgical procedures that can generate a decrease in the orthodontic (OT) treatments duration through a Acceleration of tooth movement. The most studied technique corresponds to classical corticotomy, which is often discarded by patients due to its invasiveness. This is why minimally invasive surgical interventions (MISI) are born, such as micro osteoperforations (MOP) and piezocision, which seek the same result, but without making total thickness flaps, giving the patient new therapeutic alternatives to shorten orthodontic treatment. The evidence on this is still controversial, because the certainty of the evidence is low or very low in relation to these procedures. Methods: A search was performed using Epistemonikos, the biggest database for systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening of multiple sources of information, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. Data from systematic reviews were extracted, and analysis of the primary studies was performed, including a meta-analysis and a summary of findings table using GRADE approach. Results and conclusions: We identified 39 systematic reviews that together included 43 primary studies, of which 31 correspond to randomized clinical trials. We conclude that minimally invasive surgical interventions could increase the rate of tooth movement at 12 weeks, distance total accumulated, the rate of tooth movement and reduce the total duration of treatment, but the certainty of the evidence is uncertain. In addition, they could result in little or no difference in gingival index, probing depth and plaque index.

Achieved intrusion amount of the maxillary incisors and the influencing factors in clear aligner extraction cases / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the achieved intrusion amount of the maxillary incisors and the influencing factors in clear aligner cases treated with extraction of premolars. @*Methods @#This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. Thirty adult female patients who underwent extraction of the bilateral maxillary first premolars followed by clear aligner therapy were included. CBCT data before and after treatment were obtained, and three-dimensional reconstruction with registration alignment was performed. A spatial coordinate system was established, and the achieved intrusion amount was measured, followed by calculation of the intrusion efficacy. The factors related to the achieved intrusion amount were investigated through multiple linear regression analysis.@*Results @#The overall efficacy of maxillary incisor intrusion was 54%, with the maxillary central incisors (48%) lower than the lateral incisors (59%), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Regression analysis showed that the designed intrusion amount and the stepwise intrusion design were positively correlated with the achieved intrusion amount. The designed retroclination amount and use of class Ⅱ intermaxillary elastics were negatively correlated with the achieved intrusion amount. The initial overbite, overjet, crowding, upper central incisor inclination, amount of the first series of aligners, canine attachment type, posterior teeth attachment type and bite ramps had no significant correlation with the achieved intrusion amount.@*Conclusion@# In maxillary first premolar extraction cases treated with clear aligners, the upper central incisors have lower efficacy of intrusion movement than the lateral incisors. The achieved intrusion amount of maxillary incisors was influenced by multiple factors, which should be considered comprehensively for better vertical control in such cases.

Effect of concentrated growth factors and lower-level laser therapy on alveolar bone atrophy after tooth extraction site in orthodontic patients / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To compare the effects of concentrated growth factors (CGF) and lower-level laser therapy (LLLT) on alveolar bone changes at the extraction site in orthodontic patients.Methods:Twenty-one patients who underwent orthodontic treatment at the Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, from June 2020 to May 2022 were enrolled and randomly divided into the control group, LLLT group, and CGF group, with 7 patients in each group and 28 extraction sites. The control group received natural healing with tooth extraction (minimally invasive healing with tooth extraction). The LLLT group received diode laser treatment on the 1st, 2nd, and 7th days after minimally invasive tooth extraction (wavelength 808 nm, average output power 0.25 W, energy density 4 J/cm 2, spot area 0.28 cm 2), with each site irradiated for 20 seconds. After minimally invasive tooth extraction in the CGF group, immediately place the CGF membrane in the extraction socket. The changes in alveolar bone height and width before and after tooth extraction and bone density and bone contour after alveolar bone healing were measured. Meanwhile, the concentration changes of growth factors osteopontin (OPN) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in gingival crevicular fluid at tooth extraction were measured and statistically analyzed. Results:Compared with the control group, the height and width of the alveolar bone at the tooth extraction wound in the LLLT group and CGF group decreased significantly (all P < 0.05). Compared with the LLLT group, the height and width of the alveolar bone at the tooth extraction wound in the CGF group decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The bone contour score and bone density grading of the LLLT and CGF groups after tooth extraction wound healing were better than those of the control group (all P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in bone contour score and bone density grading between the LLLT group and the CGF group after tooth extraction wound healing ( P > 0.05). At 1 and 6 months after tooth extraction, there was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of OPN in the gingival crevicular fluid at the extraction site among the control group, LLLT group, and CGF group (all P > 0.05). One month after tooth extraction, compared with the control group, the concentration of TGF-β1 in the gingival crevicular fluid of the tooth extraction wound increased in the LLLT group and the CGF group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Six months after tooth extraction, there was no statistically significant difference in TGF-β1 concentration among the three groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:Both LLLT and CGF treatments can effectively reduce the height and width of alveolar bone in tooth extraction wounds, promote the recovery of alveolar bone contour and bone density in tooth extraction wounds and provide clinical data support for how to delay the atrophy of alveolar bone in tooth extraction wounds.

Effect of extraction timing of mesiodens on orthodontic treatment duration for abnormal eruption of permanent teeth in children / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To discuss the correlation between the extraction timing of mesiodens and the orthodontic treatment duration of its eruption-related complications in children to provide a reference for the clinic.@*Methods @#The mesiodentes of 187 children were classified as eruption type (typeⅠ), dental crown impacted type (type Ⅱ), interdental impacted type (type Ⅲ), and dental root impacted type (type Ⅳ). According to the timing of extraction, mesiodentes in typeⅠ, type Ⅲ, and type Ⅳ were divided into Groups A: before the eruption of the adjacent central incisor and B: after the eruption of the adjacent central incisor. Mesiodentes in type Ⅱ were divided into Group A: before the eruption of the contralateral central incisor and B: after the eruption of the contralateral central incisor. Eruption-related complications and orthodontic treatment durations caused by mesiodens were statistically analyzed. @*Results @# There were 106 cases of displacement, 28 cases of failed eruption, 27 cases of tooth rotation, and 26 cases of individual cross-bite among the eruption-related complications caused by mesiodens. The mean orthodontic treatment cycle in Group A of type Ⅰ (7.07 ± 2.45 month), Group A of type Ⅱ (6.57 ± 1.12 month), and Group A of type Ⅲ (6.95 ± 2.52 month) were lower than that in Group B of type Ⅰ (9.67 ± 3.04 month), Group B of type Ⅱ (10.25 ± 1.29 month), and Group B of type Ⅲ (9.33 ± 3.26 month), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the mean orthodontic treatment duration between Groups A (6.00 ± 0.94 month) and B (6.33 ± 0.80 month) of type Ⅳ (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@# In most cases, the mesiodens are removed before the eruption of the adjacent central incisor, which can reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment for eruption-related complications in children.