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1.
Respirar (Ciudad Autón. B. Aires) ; 16(3): 317-322, sept.2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1570692

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El sarcoma de Ewing es un tumor maligno de alto grado con localización principalmente ósea; se han reportado aproximadamente 12% con presentación extra-esquelética. Actualmente, existen alrededor de 20 casos descritos en la literatura con origen mediastinal y 10 casos con origen pulmonar. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 25 años con un mes de disnea y dolor torácico, con el hallazgo de derrame pleural masivo y tumoración mediastinal en hemitórax derecho. Se le realiza toracotomía anterior bilateral con esternotomía transversa de Clamshell, con resección parcial que demuestra, por patología, sarcoma monomórfico de alto grado e inmunohistoquímica concluyente de sarcoma de Ewing. Conclusión: Este caso es una entidad rara y conlleva un reto diagnóstico para el clínico; sin embargo, debe sospecharse considerando la presentación clínica y radiológica del paciente, buscando incrementar la tasa de supervivencia mediante el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.


Introduction: Ewing's sarcoma is a high-grade malignant tumor with mainly bony lo-calization; approximately 12% have been reported with extraskeletal presentation. Currently, there are about 20 cases described in the literature with mediastinal origin and 10 pulmonary cases. Case Report: We present the case of a 25-year-old woman with one month of dysp-nea and chest pain, with massive pleural effusion and mediastinal tumor in the right hemithorax who underwent bilateral anterior thoracotomy with Clamshell transverse sternotomy, with partial resection demonstrating, by pathology, high-grade monomorphic sarcoma and conclusive immunohistochemistry of Ewing's sarcoma. Conclusion: This case is a rare entity and involves a diagnostic challenge for the clinician; however, it should be suspected considering the clinical and radiological presentation of the patient, seeking to increase the survival rate through timely diagnosis and treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis , Bone Neoplasms , Mediastinal Neoplasms/surgery , Pleural Effusion , Biopsy , Chest Pain , Superior Vena Cava Syndrome , Diagnostic Imaging , Thoracotomy , Biomarkers, Tumor , Agrochemicals , Dyspnea , Sternotomy , Lymphadenopathy
2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-234260

ABSTRACT

Anaplastic meningioma with osteosarcomatous differentiation is a very rare finding. We herewith present squash cytology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings of this rare case with systematic approach to diagnosis. A 38-year-old female presented with complaints of headache, vomiting, seizure with loss of consciousness and left side weakness. Radiologically, there was a heterogeneous hyperintense likely extra axial densely calcified solid lesion measuring approximately 4.2�1�5 cm along right high frontal convexity compressing the adjacent brain parenchyma. Histology sections revealed fibro collagenous tissue, devitalized bone, multiple vascular spaces lined by fibrous septa with giant cells, along with spindle cell and round proliferation at one end with vague whorl formation. High mitosis, (>20/10 hpf) along with malignant lacy osteoid closely abutting the highly pleomorphic cells were indicative of a malignant spindle cell neoplasm with osteosarcomatous differentiation. Systematic approach, immunohistochemistry with involvement of all the specialities involved led to the correct diagnosis and management of patient.

3.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233752

ABSTRACT

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) represents a rare group of benign fibro-osseous disorders, while osteogenic sarcoma (OS) on the other hand, is a malignant tumour of ominous prognosis. The malignant transformation of a benign fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw is quite uncommon and has few reported cases. The clinico-radiological findings and histopathological analysis of a lesion present in all four quadrants of the jaw of a patient who reported at the outpatient department of a regional dental college is presented here. The lesion underwent sarcomatous transformation over two months and the findings were confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Although florid cemento-osseous dysplasia is a benign lesion of the jaw with a very low propensity for malignant transformation, it should be closely monitored in patients with tumour predisposition syndromes. Further research and molecular studies are required for better understanding of inadvertent changes.

4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 57: e13152, fev.2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534071

ABSTRACT

Abstract The cure rates for osteosarcoma have remained unchanged in the past three decades, especially for patients with pulmonary metastasis. Thus, a new and effective treatment for metastatic osteosarcoma is urgently needed. Anlotinib has been reported to have antitumor effects on advanced osteosarcoma. However, both the effect of anlotinib on autophagy in osteosarcoma and the mechanism of anlotinib-mediated autophagy in pulmonary metastasis are unclear. The effect of anlotinib treatment on the metastasis of osteosarcoma was investigated by transwell assays, wound healing assays, and animal experiments. Related proteins were detected by western blotting after anlotinib treatment, ATG5 silencing, or ATG5 overexpression. Immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect alterations in autophagy and the cytoskeleton. Anlotinib inhibited the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells but promoted autophagy and increased ATG5 expression. Furthermore, the decreases in invasion and migration induced by anlotinib treatment were enhanced by ATG5 silencing. In addition, Y-27632 inhibited cytoskeletal rearrangement, which was rescued by ATG5 overexpression. ATG5 overexpression enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, anlotinib-induced autophagy promoted migration and invasion by activating EMT and cytoskeletal rearrangement through ATG5 both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that anlotinib can induce protective autophagy in osteosarcoma cells and that inhibition of anlotinib-induced autophagy enhanced the inhibitory effects of anlotinib on osteosarcoma metastasis. Thus, the therapeutic effect of anlotinib treatment can be improved by combination treatment with autophagy inhibitors, which provides a new direction for the treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma.

5.
Journal of Chinese Physician ; (12): 142-146, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1026071

ABSTRACT

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor disease in young children and young people. It usually has strong invasiveness, and conventional treatment cannot achieve the expected results. Therefore, studying the mechanism of tumor cell death and exploring more effective treatment methods is of great significance. As a new form of cell death, ferroptosis has been found to have three main regulatory pathways closely related to tumor cell molecular mechanisms, genes, etc. This provides a theoretical basis for the application of ferroptosis in the treatment of osteosarcoma. This article reviews recent research on the interaction between ferroptosis and osteosarcoma in regulating molecules, genes, and other factors, as well as the application of ferroptosis in the treatment of osteosarcoma.

6.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1039025

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo explore whether miR-375 regulates the malignant characteristics of osteosarcoma (OS) by influencing the expression of MMP13. MethodsPlasmid DNAs and miRNAs were transfected into OS cells and HEK293 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 reagent. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the expression of miR-375 and MMP13 in OS patients and OS cells. Western blot was performed to analyze the MMP13 protein in the patients with OS and OS cells. The targeting relationship between miR-375 and MMP13 was analyzed by luciferase assay. Migration and invasion were analysed by heal wound and transwell assays, respectively. ResultsmiR-375 expression in OS tissues was lower than that in normal tissues. The expression of MMP13 was upregulated in OS tissues. MMP13 expression was negatively correlated withmiR-375 expression in patients with OS. Migration and invasion were significantly inhibited in OS cells with the miR-375 mimic compared with OS cells with the miRNA control. MMP13 partially reversed the inhibition of migration and invasion induced by miR-375 in the OS cells. ConclusionmiR-375 attenuates migration and invasion by downregulating the expression of MMP13 in OS cells.

7.
Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Online) ; 59(4): 637-640, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1575577

ABSTRACT

Abstract The present study describes the case of a male adult with an osteosarcoma in the proximal tibia, treated with limb salvage with endoprosthesis and chemotherapy. The patient developed an unusual metastatic pattern compromising the liver, bone, and inguinal lymph nodes, without local recurrence in the tibia or pulmonary metastases. Osteosarcoma (OS) is the second most frequent primary bone tumor after multiple myeloma in adults. Frequent sites of metastases in case of disease progression are the lungs and bone. Extrapulmonary metastases are rare. The development of new schemes of chemotherapy have improved life expectancy in osteosarcoma patients but have also altered the usual patterns of metastases, resulting in unusual metastatic locations.


Resumo Homem adulto com osteossarcoma na tíbia proximal, tratado com cirurgia de salvamento de membro com endoprótese e quimioterapia. Ele desenvolveu um padrão metastático incomum, comprometendo fígado, ossos e linfonodos inguinais, sem recorrência local na tíbia nem metástases pulmonares. O osteossarcoma (OS) é o segundo tumor ósseo primário mais frequente, depois do mieloma múltiplo em adultos. Os locais frequentes das metástases, em caso de progressão da doença são os pulmões e os ossos. As metástases extrapulmonares são raras. O desenvolvimento de novos esquemas de quimioterapia melhorou a expectativa de vida dos pacientes com osteossarcoma, porém, alterou também os padrões usuais de metástases, resultando em localizações metastáticas incomuns.

8.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1028735

ABSTRACT

AIM To investigate the effects of diosgenin on autophagy of human osteosarcoma cells.METHODS Human osteosarcoma MG63 and U2OS cells with or without exposure to diosgenin had their proliferation detected by MTT assay,their ultrastructure observed by transmission electron microscopy,their expression of autophagy protein Beclin1 observed by immunofluorescence staining,and their expressions of autophagy molecular markers LC3,Beclin1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway related proteins detected by Western blot.The MG63 and U2OS cells cotreated with diosgenin and PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002 had the expression of Beclin1 mRNA detected by RT-qPCR.The MG63 and U2OS cells cotreated with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA)had their inhibition rate of proliferation detected by MTT assay,their expression of cleaved-caspase3 protein detected by Western blot,and their expression of caspase3 mRNA detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS Upon osteosarcoma MG63 and U2OS cells,diosgenin inhibited their proliferation,promoted the generation of autophagosomes,increased the protein expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin1(P<0.05,P<0.01),reduced the protein expression of LC3 I(P<0.01),and inhibited the protein phosphorylation level of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway(P<0.05,P<0.01),whose effects were offset by the intervention with autophagy inhibitors in terms of the reduced proliferation inhibition and down-regulated expressions of caspase3 mRNA and cleaved-caspase3 protein(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Diosgenin can inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and induce their autophagy leading to their death and autophagy apoptosis,which may be related to the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and up-regulation of the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin1 proteins.

9.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1032174

ABSTRACT

Objective To determine the role of AAMP in osteosarcoma cells and explore the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells regulated by AAMP through the YAP signaling pathway. Methods Public sequencing data analysis was used to explore the correlation between AAMP and osteosarcoma. q-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of osteosarcoma cell-related molecules. CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation ability. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to detect the invasive and metastatic abilities of osteosarcoma cells. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the cell localization and expression levels of related molecules. Results High expression of AAMP was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma (P<0.05), and the expression of AAMP in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the AAMP interference group showed significantly decreased migratory, invasive, and EMT activities (P<0.05). The expression of p-CFL1 reduced after the knockdown of AAMP, and the cell plate pseudopods decreased significantly (P<0.05). A positive correlation was found between the expression levels of AAMP and YAP in osteosarcoma cells (P<0.05). Interfering with YAP expression can affect the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Conclusion AAMP promotes osteosarcoma cell metastasis by regulating the YAP signaling pathway, suggesting that AAMP may be a key molecule in promoting invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma.

10.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 44-50, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1005212

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of oxymatrine inducing apoptosis of osteosarcoma MG63 cell line based on mitophagy mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 (PINK1)/Parkinson disease protein-2 (Parkin) signaling pathway. METHODS MG63 cells were treated with 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg/mL oxymatrine and 6 μmol/L 5-fluorouracil, then the apoptotic rate, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins [B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax)], the proportion of decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, the level of mitophagy as well as the protein expressions of PINK1, Parkin, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ) were detected. PINK1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was adopted to intervene in the expression of PINK1, the cells were divided into control group, PINK1 siRNA group, oxymatrine group, and PINK1 siRNA+oxymatrine group; the protein expressions of PINK1, Parkin, and LC3-Ⅱ, the proportion of decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as apoptotic rate were detected. The lentivirus infection technique was used to overexpress COX-2, the cells were divided into control group, oxymatrine group, COX-2 group, and COX-2+oxymatrine group. The protein expressions of COX-2, PINK1, and Parkin, as well as the proportion of decrease in MMP were detected. RESULTS After being treated with oxymatrine, the apoptotic rate, the protein expressions of Bax, PINK1, Parkin, and LC3-Ⅱ, the level of mitophagy as well as the proportion of decrease in MMP were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the oxymatrine group, the protein expressions of PINK1, Parkin, and LC3-Ⅱ, apoptotic rate and the proportion of decrease in MMP were significantly decreased in PINK1 siRNA+oxymatrine group (P<0.05). Compared with the oxymatrine group, the protein expression of COX-2 in the COX-2+oxymatrine group was increased significantly (P<0.05), while the protein expressions of PINK1 and Parkin as well as the proportion of 526087266@qq.com decrease in MMP were decreased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Oxymatrine can mediate the overactivity of mitophagy based on the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway by inhibiting COX-2 expression, thus promoting the apoptosis of the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line.

11.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 296-303, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1006613

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of berberine on ferroptosis in MG63 osteosarcoma cells and its mechanism. METHODS Using cells without drug treatment as control, the cell viability, proliferation, the related indexes of ferroptosis [nuclear proliferation associated-antigen (Ki67), mitochondrial ultrastructure, ferric ion (Fe2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH)], the protein expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), tumor protein 53 (p53), and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) were detected after being treated with different concentrations of berberine. Cells were transfected with p53 siRNA and then assigned to the control group, p53 siRNA group, berberine group, and p53 siRNA+berberine group to explore the role of p53 in berberine-induced ferroptosis. After 24 h incubation with 10.0 μmol/L berberine, the protein expressions of p53 and SLC7A11, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, GSH, and MDA content were determined. Cells were transfected with STAT3 overexpressed plasmid and then assigned to the control group, berberine group, STAT3 group, and STAT3+berberine group to explore the effect of STAT3 on the regulation of the p53/SLC7A11 pathway. After 24 h incubation with 10 μmol/L berberine, the protein expressions of p-STAT3, STAT3, p53, and SLC7A11 were detected. RESULTS Compared with the control cell, the concentrations of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 μmol/L berberine could reduce the cell viability and expression of Ki67, and induce the morphological changes in ferroptosis-related mitochondria, increase the levels of Fe2+, ROS and MDA, and the protein expression of p53, reduce the level of GSH, the binding activity of STAT3 with DNA, and the protein expressions of p-STAT3 and SLC7A11; the above differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the berberine group,significantly down-regulated p53 protein expression and MDA level, up-regulated SLC7A11 protein expression, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential and GSH level were observed in the p53 siRNA+berberine group (P<0.01). Compared with the berberine group, the protein expressions of p-STAT3, STAT3, and SLC7A11 in the STAT3+berberine group were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the protein expression of p53 was significantly decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Berberine can induce the ferroptosis of MG63 cells by mediating STAT3/p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathway.

12.
Chinese Journal of Biologicals ; (12): 239-244, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1011474

ABSTRACT

@#Osteosarcoma(OS)is one of the most common malignant tumors in bone tissue,and its specific mechanism is not yet fully clear. Studies have shown that OS cells express different cytokines(CKs)and their receptors in the development stage of tumors,and enable them to grow autonomously and confer metastatic ability through autocrine and paracrine effects. In this regard,the most important CKs mainly includes insulin-like growth factor-1,transforming growth factor-β,chemokine 5 and interleukin-8,which can regulate the tumor microenvironment that is conducive to tumor growth,invasion and metastasis. This review summarizes the role and mode of action of CKs and their biological relevance to OS cells,hoping to provide effective new markers and therapeutic targets for clinical treatment of OS.

13.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1019949

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of the activator of HSP90 ATPase-1(AHA1),lysyl oxidase like-2 protein(LOXL2)in osteosarcoma tissues with mRNA expression of invasion and metastasis genes and their clinical significance.Methods A total of 90 osteosarcoma patients diagnosed and treated in North China Medical and Health Group Fengfeng General Hospital from February 2016 to March 2017 were selected as the research object.The expression of AHA1 mRNA,LOXL2 mRNA and invasion and metastasis genes Wnt family member 9A(Wnt9a)mRNA,zinc finger E-box binding homologous box 1(ZEB1)mRNA,zinc finger E-box binding homologous box 1(ZEB2)mRNA,N-cadherin(N-cad)mRNA,and vimentin(Vim)mRNA in tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis.The differences in expression of AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA in osteosarcoma patients among different clinical characteristics were compared.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the effect of AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA on the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.The prognostic factors of osteosarcoma patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate COX regression.Results The expressions of AHA1 mRNA(3.16±0.59),LOXL2 mRNA(2.84±0.44)and invasion and metastasis genes[Wnt9a mRNA(3.23±0.42),ZEB1 mRNA(2.73±0.39),ZEB2 mRNA(2.52±0.56),N-cad mRNA(2.71±0.65)and Vim mRNA(2.81±0.73)]in osteosarcoma tissues were higher than those in paracancerous tissues(1.10±0.21,0.95±0.18,0.79±0.15,0.64±0.11,0.98±0.19,0.68±0.14,0.72±0.15),and the differences were statissically significant(t=31.206,37.716,51.903,48.931,24.706,28.964,26.605,all P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA expression in osteosarcoma(r=0.712,P<0.05).The expressions of AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA were significantly positively correlated with the expressions of invasion and metastasis genes(Wnt9a,ZEB1,ZEB2,N-cad,and Vim mRNA)in tumor tissue of osteosarcoma group(r=0.504~0.720,all P<0.05).The expressions of AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues with Eneeking stage Ⅲ,soft tissue infiltration,and lung metastasis were higher than those in patients with Eneeking stage Ⅰ~Ⅱ,no soft tissue infiltration,and no lung metastasis,with significant differences(t=14.122~171.054,all P<0.05).The 5-year survival rates of patients in the AHA1 mRNA high expression group and low expression group were 36.36%(16/44)and 78.26%(36/46),respectively.The 5-year cumulative survival rate of patients in the AHA1 mRNA high expression group was significantly lower than that in the low expression group(Log-rank χ2=16.081,P<0.05).The 5-year survival rates of patients with high and low expression of LOXL2 mRNA were 34.88%(15/43)and 78.72%(37/47),respectively.The 5-year cumulative survival rate of patients in the LOXL2 mRNA high expression group was significantly lower than that in the low expression group(Log-rank χ2=15.880,P<0.05).Lung metastasis(OR=1.921,P<0.05),Eneeking stage Ⅲ(OR=1.906,P<0.05),AHA1 mRNA high expression(OR=1.405,P<0.05),and LOXL2 mRNA high expression(OR=1.733,P<0.05)were independent risk factors affecting the poor survival prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.Conclusion The expressions of AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA in osteosarcoma were increased,and they were correlated with the expression of invasion and metastasis genes,indicating they may be independent risk factors affecting the poor survival and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.

14.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1021421

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:The most prominent transcription factor activated by tumor stem cells in osteosarcoma is EZH2,and silencing of EZH2 has been reported to inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth.Studies have confirmed that bovine serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles are a drug delivery vector with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability,and the albumin carrier can provide tumor-targeted drug delivery function. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of bovine serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EPZ6438(EZH2 inhibitor)for the treatment of osteosarcoma. METHODS:(1)Bovine serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with and without EPZ6438 were prepared.The drug encapsulation rate and drug release rate of serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EPZ6438 were detected.(2)MG-63 cells were divided into four groups and added with PBS(control group),serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle extract solution(blank nanoparticle group),EPZ6438 solution(free drug group),and serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle extract loaded with EPZ6438(drug-loaded nanoparticle group),respectively.After 3 days of culture,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.(3)Twelve nude mice were selected and the subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model was established by injecting MG-63 cell suspension under the armpit.After successful modeling,the mice were randomly divided into four groups for intervention.Normal saline(control group),serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle solution(blank nanoparticle group),EPZ6438 solution(free drug group)and serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle solution loaded with EPZ6438(drug-loaded nanoparticle group)were injected into tumor tissues,with three animals in each group.After 7 days of injection,the tumor volume and frozen sections of tumor tissue were observed by TUNEL staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The drug encapsulation rate of the nanoparticles was about 8.8%,and the nanoparticles had a good drug release effect in pure water.The drug release amount was(34.72±1.93)μg at 24 hours,(48.58±1.10)μg at 72 hours,(49.18±1.24)μg at 120 hours,and(50.25±1.13)μg at 168 hours.The drug release reached the plateau at 120 hours,and the release rate was about 97.9%.(2)After 3 days of cell culture with MG-63,the apoptotic rate in the control group and blank nanoparticle group was lower than that in the free drug group and drug-loaded nanoparticle group(P<0.001),and the expression of caspase 3 mRNA was lower than that in the free drug group and drug-loaded nanoparticle group(P<0.000 1).(3)After 7 days of injection,the tumor volume of nude mice in the drug-loaded nanoparticle group was smaller than that in the other three groups(P<0.05),and the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in tumor tissue was higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.000 1).(4)The results verify that serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EPZ6438 can inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells.

15.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1021964

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:Exosomes are vesicle-like structures secreted by cells into extracellular compartments in the form of cytosol,which contain a large amount of microRNAs with important intercellular communication roles.MicroRNAs in exosomes rely on exosome transport and are able to enter target cells to exert important biological regulatory effects.In common bone and joint diseases,abnormal or damaged bone metabolism releases a large number of exosomes,while some exosome-derived microRNAs also promote the progression of osteoarthritis.Therefore,exosome-derived microRNAs are closely related to the skeletal system and are important for the development as well as diagnosis and treatment of many osteoarticular diseases. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of exosome-derived microRNAs in bone metabolism and bone and joint diseases. METHODS:Using"exosomes,extracellular vesicle,microRNA,miRNA,bone,bone diseases,bone formation,bone regeneration,bone resorption,bone destruction"as Chinese and English search terms,articles were searched on CNKI,Metasys,and PubMed databases.Finally,86 articles were included for summarization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Exosome-derived microRNAs can regulate bone metabolism by affecting bone formation and bone resorption,and are closely related to the development of bone and joint diseases such as fracture healing,osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis,osteonecrosis of the femoral head,and osteosarcoma.Exosome-derived microRNAs will be an effective means of diagnosis and treatment of certain bone and joint diseases in the future.However,the current research on exosome-derived microRNAs in osteoarthritic diseases is limited,and more explorations and researches are still needed to diagnose and treat osteoarthritic diseases using exosome-derived microRNAs.

16.
Chinese Journal of Immunology ; (12): 58-66, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1024716

ABSTRACT

Objective:To analyze identification of copper death gene related subtypes,construction of prognosis model and influence of immune infiltration in osteosarcoma(OS)on basis of copper death gene.Methods:Survival and prognosis of OS associated copper death gene were analyzed combining by TARGET and GEO database.OS was divided into different subtypes of copper death by consistent clustering method.SSGSEA was used to analyze difference of immune cells in classification of copper death.Setting P value= 0.05 and q value=0.05,GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on differential genes of copper death typing.Prognosis model was constructed according to results of Lasso regression analysis and cross validation,risk assessment analysis and ROC curve were used to evaluate accuracy of model prediction.Combined with clinical characteristics,nomograms were constructed to predict survival time of patients,and risk differences were analyzed.Immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment analysis were performed on OS samples."pRRophetic"package in R software was used to analyze drug sensitivity of OS samples.Results:FDX1,GLS,DLAT and PDHB as high-risk genes for OS prognosis were identified.According to copper death classification of OS samples,OS could be divided into two types:CRGclusterA and CRGclusterB.CRGclusterA was associated with Th2 cells,and CRGclusterB was associated with Th1 cells.Most OS copper death genes were highly expressed in CRGclusterA.Immune cell infiltration analysis results showed that γδ T cells,resting mast cells and resting dendritic cells were positively correlated with risk score,while CD8 T cells were negatively correlated with risk score.Drug sensitivity analysis showed that OS showed higher sensitivity to Elesclomol and GW.441756.Conclusion:Two subtypes of CRGclusterA and CRGclusterB are identified in this study.Four high-risk prognostic genes FDX1,GLS,DLAT and PDHB are identified,providing new insights into prognostic evaluation and immunotherapy target candidates for OS.

17.
Acta ortop. mex ; 37(5): 309-313, sep.-oct. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1573751

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: el osteosarcoma parostal es un tumor óseo maligno extramedular en el cual las células tumorales producen osteoide. Representa menos de 5% de los osteosarcomas. Se presenta predominantemente en la mujer, entre la segunda y cuarta década de la vida. Su localización más frecuente es la región distal del fémur y proximal de la tibia. Clínicamente, se manifiesta con aumento de volumen y dolor en muslo o rodilla. Debido a su baja incidencia y características clínicas, se presenta un caso clínico de osteosarcoma parostal femoral con descripción de la técnica quirúrgica realizada. Caso clínico: femenino de 14 años edad con cuadro clínico caracterizado por aumento de volumen y dolor en muslo derecho de seis meses de evolución. Se realizaron radiografías de fémur derecho, encontrando lesión ósea con características compatibles de malignidad, por lo que es enviada a unidad de tercer nivel para iniciar protocolo oncológico; se realizan dos biopsias percutáneas con aguja de Jamshidi, ambas con reporte histológico negativo para células malignas. En tomografía pulmonar de alta resolución se observó presencia de metástasis y la gammagrafía ósea con Tc99 reportó actividad osteoblástica en fémur derecho. Se decide tratamiento con resección en bloque y colocación de prótesis intercalar más quimioterapia adyuvante. Conclusión: la prótesis intercalar resulta una opción terapéutica adecuada en la cirugía de salvamento de extremidad para pacientes con diagnóstico de osteosarcoma parostal femoral.


Abstract: Introduction: parosteal osteosarcoma is an extramedullary malignant bone tumor in which cells produce osteoid, represents less than 5% of all osteosarcomas, it occurs predominantly in women between the second and fourth decade of life. It is often located in the distal region of the femur and proximal tibia. Clinically it presents with increased volume and thigh or knee pain. Due to its low incidence and clinical features, a clinical case of femoral parosteal osteosarcoma is presented, with description of the surgical technique performed. Case report: a 14-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of increased volume and right thigh pain. Radiological studies revealed a bone lesion with malignant characteristics, for which she was sent to third-level hospital where oncology study protocol was set up; consisting in two percutaneous biopsies of the lesion with Jamshidi needle, which were histopathology reported as negative for malignant cells. The pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography showed metastasis and a Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy showed increased osteoblastic activity in the right femoral shaft. Given the results, is confirmed the need of en-bloc resection and intercalary prosthesis implantation with adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: the intercalary prosthesis is a suitable therapeutic option in limb-salvage surgery for patients with femoral parosteal osteosarcoma.

18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(7): .880-886, jul. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565678

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El osteosarcoma (OS) es el tumor óseo primario maligno más frecuente. En 2014 se incorporó en Chile dentro del plan de garantías explícitas en salud (GES), ley que garantiza el tratamiento desde la sospecha hasta su tratamiento y rehabilitación. OBJETIVOS: Describir las características de la población mayor de 15 años, con diagnóstico histopatológico de OS, definir su sobrevida, complicaciones e identificar variables que afectan estos resultados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, se incluyó a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de OS, con confirmación histológica, desde 2014 a 2020. Datos demográficos, sitio anatómico, hallazgos histopatológicos, estadio de ingreso, presencia de metástasis, tratamiento, complicaciones y sobrevida fueron registrados. Se realizó un estudio multivariante para determinar factores pronósticos. RESULTADOS: 133 pacientes fueron incluidos. 58,8% hombres, la edad promedio fue 31 años y la localización más frecuente fue fémur distal (34,9%). El 56,4% de los pacientes ingresó en estadio Enneking IIB, 36,4% presentó metástasis al ingreso. Un 14,3% presentó complicaciones, siendo la más frecuente la infección periprotésica (6 casos). El 16% evolucionó con recidiva local. El modelo multivariante mostró que la edad y presencia de metástasis al ingreso constituyen variables pronósticas independientes, con un cociente de riesgo de 1,017 para edad (p = 0,016) y de 3,13 para presencia de metástasis (p = 0,0000). En el análisis de subgrupos, los pacientes sin metástasis al diagnóstico presentaron sobrevida a 5 años de 54% versus 11% para el grupo con metástasis; al ajustar por edad, la sobrevida a 5 años para el grupo sin metástasis y con metástasis fue de 73% y 22% respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: Este es el primer estudio de descripción demográfica de pacientes con OS que se realiza en nuestro país. Los resultados son similares a lo reportado por la literatura internacional, destacando en nuestra serie la edad de presentación y presencia de metástasis al ingreso como factores que afectan el pronóstico de una manera significativa. Al ajustar por edad, los porcentajes de sobrevida son equiparables con lo reportado en otros centros internacionales especializados en sarcomas.


BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent malignant primary bone tumor. The explicit health guarantee (GES) plan in Chile, a law that guarantees diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, incorporated OS in 2014. OBJETIVES: To describe the characteristics of the population over 15 years, with a histopathological diagnosis of OS, to define survival rate and complications, and to identify variables that affect these outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective study from 2014 to 2020, including all patients affiliated with the public health system diagnosed with OS, with histological confirmation. From clinical records, we extracted demographic data, anatomical OS location, histopathological findings, admission stage, presence of metastases, treatment, complications, and survival. We determined prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. Results: 133 patients, 58.8% men, the average age was 31 years, and the most frequent location was the distal femur (34.9%). 56.4% of the patients were admitted in Enneking stage IIB, and 36.4% presented metastasis at admission. 14.3% presented complications, the most frequent periprosthetic infection (6 cases). 16% of patients evolved with local recurrence. The multivariate model showed that age and metastases at admission constitute independent prognostic variables, with a hazard ratio of 1.017 for age (p = 0.016) and 3.13 for metastases (p = 0.0000). In the subgroup analysis, patients without metastases at diagnosis had a 5-year survival of 54% versus 11% for the group with metastases. Adjusting for age, the 5-year survival for the non-metastatic and metastatic groups was 73% and 22%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is our country's first demographic description study of patients with OS. In our series, the age of presentation and the presence of metastases at admission were factors that significantly affect prognosis. When adjusting for age, the survival percentages are comparable to those reported in other international centers specialized in sarcomas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Bone Neoplasms/mortality , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Osteosarcoma/mortality , Osteosarcoma/pathology , Prognosis , Child, Preschool , Chile/epidemiology , Survival Rate , Retrospective Studies , Neoplasm Staging
19.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-218062

ABSTRACT

Background: Osteosarcoma is a malignant cancer that effect bone and metastasizing to many vital organs such as lungs. There are many available drugs to treat the disease including tamoxifen, methotrexate (MTX), and cisplatin which have their own side effects and hurdles to become drugs of choice for the disease. On the other hand, introduction of herbal drugs as chemotherapeutic agents opened up new arena to potentiate the existing treatment by exhibiting synergy. Piperine (PPN) is widely used drug as anti-cancer agent as well as it has anti-inflammatory, analgesic properties, and also used in the treatment of abdominal pains, tuberculosis, arthritis, and respiratory illness. Aims and Objective: Thus, this study was designed to investigate the synergistic inhibitory potential of PPN and MTX on the MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro. Materials and Methods: The cell lines were cultured on DMEM medium and investigated for cytotoxicity of the drugs using MTT assay at 540 nm in UV. Three groups of cell lines administered with PPN, MTX, and PPN+MTX (1:1) in various concentrations and IC50 values were calculated based on the % cell viability graphs. Results: Results showed that the IC50 of PPN was 38.65, MTX was 123.98, and PPN+MTX was 15.13 proving the significant synergistic cytotoxic effect of PPN and MTX in inhibiting the proliferation of MG63 cell lines. Conclusion: Further research needs to be conducted in this field to elucidate the synergistic pathways in which PPN has shown a better anti-osteosarcoma effect when combined with MTX.

20.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233014

ABSTRACT

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor characterized by the formation of disorganized immature bone or osteoid tissue from mesenchymal tumor cells. It most commonly occurs in the appendicular skeleton involving the metaphysis of long bones. It is the third most common cancer in adolescence with an annual incidence of 5.6 cases per million children under the age of 15 years. Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (GCRO) is an exceedingly rare histological variant of conventional primary osteosarcoma. It constitutes about 1%-3% of all osteosarcomas. A 20-year-old male presented with the complaints of pain and swelling over the right knee. Examination revealed a tender 15×10×8 cm swelling palpable on the distal femur. Radiological investigations showed features suggesting right femoral osteosarcoma in the meta-epiphyseal region. A core needle biopsy from the lesion was performed and 15 ml of fluid obtained from the biopsy site was sent for cytological examination, which showed features suggestive of osteosarcoma. Biopsy showed features of osteosarcoma probably of giant cell rich type confirming the fluid cytology findings. Cell block preparation also revealed giant cell predominance. Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor found in areas of rapid bone turnover, most commonly the distal femur and proximal tibia of adolescent patients. Cytology plays a vital role in diagnosing bone tumors, being a rapid, easy, and minimally invasive outpatient department procedure. Histopathology, since it gives a complete architectural pattern of tissue, remains the gold standard diagnostic tool.

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